Cloud Computing
Content
Cloud Computing Moving to Public
Hussein Alyami
1 1
What is Cloud Computing?
2 2
“In the years ahead, more and more of the information-processing tasks that we rely on, at home and at work, will be handled by big data centers located out on the Internet. The nature and economics of computing will change as dramatically as the nature and economics of mechanical power changed with the rise of electric utilities in the early years of the last century. The consequences for society—for the way we live, work, learn, communicate, entertain ourselves, and even think—promise to be equally profound. If the electric dynamo was the machine that fashioned twentieth century society—that made us who we are—the information dynamo is the machine that will fashion the new society of the twenty-first century.”
Nicholas Carr ―The Big Switch—Rewiring the World from Edison to Google‖
3
Future of Computing
Cloud
Disruptor: Virtualization Web Client Server Minicomputer Mainframe
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
4
Next Inflection Point
WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
IT resources and services that are abstracted from the underlying infrastructure and provided ―on-demand‖ and ―at scale‖ in a multi-tenant environment
Today, clouds are associated with an off-premise, hosted model
5
Samples of cloud services
http://blogs.southworks.net/mwoloski/2008/08/19/cloud-computing-taxonomy-map/, August 19, 2008
6
Public vs Private
7
Public vs Private Cloud
Public Clouds Often depicted as being available to users from a third party provider, "public" clouds are typically made available via the Internet and may be free or inexpensive to use. There are many examples of these types of clouds, providing services across open, public networks today. One example is Amazon Web Services.
Greater risks in terms of security, resiliency, transparency and performance predictability (at least in the near term). Key benefit: tremendous elasticity
Private Clouds "Private" clouds offer many of the same benefits as "public" clouds but are managed within the organization. These types of clouds are not burdened by network bandwidth and availability issues or potential security exposures that may be associated with public clouds. Private clouds can offer the provider and user greater control, security and resilience.
Less risk – security, resiliency, infrastructure and support processes will not differ significantly from current environment. Better cost effectiveness and agility Move to SLA based service delivery Lower elasticity compared to external clouds
8
Cloud Definition from NIST
Visual Model of NIST’s Working Definition of Cloud Computing
Essential Characteristics
Measured Service
Rapid Elasticity
On-Demand Self Service
Broad Network Access
Resource Pooling
Service Models
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastucture as a Service (IaaS)
Deployment Models
Public
Private
Hybrid
Community
http://www.csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html
9
Service Model Architectures (from NIST)
Cloud Infrastructure Cloud Infrastructure PaaS SaaS SaaS Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS SaaS
Software as a Service ( SaaS) Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS
Platform as a Service ( PaaS) Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS) Architectures
10 10
Cloud Layers
Flexible Infrastructure Compute, storage, and other established services on-demand Virtual Private Datacenter Compatible with existing applications Examples include: Amazon EC2 - Elastic Compute Cloud Mosso, GoGrid (HSPs)
11
Cloud Layers
Abstract Services Wide range of capabilities exposed to the developer through new APIs Also known as PaaS – Solutions Generally Targeted Examples include: Google App Engine
Amazon S3 - Simple Storage Service
App Frameworks (e.g. Hadoop)
Akamai Content Delivery
12
Cloud Layers
Application End user Complete Applications (usually delivered via browser) Also known as SaaS, sometimes extended with APIs (as in PaaS) Examples include: salesforce.com/force.com
WebEx (Connect)
Hotmail
13
Evolution of the Cloud Computing Market
From Stand-Alone to The Inter-Cloud
Phase 1 Phase 2
Internal Cloud
Phase 3
Private Cloud
Phase 4
Open Cloud
Virtual Private Cloud Stand-Alone Data Centers
Inter-Cloud Inter-Cloud
Public Cloud
Public Cloud
Public Cloud #1
Public Cloud #2
PRESENT
2015-2017
Federation / Workload Portability / Interoperability / Security
14
AWS
Rackspace
Google Apps
15
Example of the rise in cloud services
Source: Amazon Web Services Blog, January 2008 (http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/05/lots-of-bits.html)
16
Relative Bandwidth Consumed
Why should you care?
17 17
Where is IT’s Greatest Impact on Government?
Federal CIO Survey Question:
Where will investments in technology have the greatest impact on the performance of government?
Cross-Agency Information Sharing and Collaboration
Source: AFFIRM, December 2008
Information Security and Privacy
Critical Infrastructure Sustainability and Continuity
Government Management
Transparent, Citizen-Centric Government
18
How Secure Is Government IT?
Federal CIO Survey Question:
Has the IT infrastructure that supports your agency’s mission become more secure or less secure?
More Secure Unchanged Less Secure
Source: AFFIRM, December 2008
19
wordle.net
20
Policy & Technology are Drivers of Change
PUBLIC POLICY
Energy
Education
Entertainment
Healthcare
Transportation
Urban Development
NETWORK
21
What are the pros and cons?
22 22
Benefits of Cloud Computing
BENEFIT Cost Savings COMMENT Organizations can reduce or eliminate IT capital expenditures and reduce ongoing operating expenditures by paying only for the services they use and, potentially, by reducing the size of their IT staffs. Without the need to purchase hardware, software licenses, or implementation services, an organization can implement cloud computing rapidly. Cloud computing offers more flexibility (often called “elasticity”) in matching IT resources to business functions than past computing methods. It can also increase mobility of staff by allowing them to access business information and applications from a wider range of locations and/or devices. Organizations using cloud computing need not scramble to secure additional hardware and software when user loads increase, but can instead add and subtract capacity as the network load dictates. Particularly for smaller organizations, cloud computing can allow access to hardware, software, and IT staff of a caliber far beyond that which they can attract and/or afford for themselves. By reducing or doing away with constant server updates and other computing issues, and eliminating expenditures of time and money on application development, organizations may be able to concentrate at least some of their IT staff on higher-value tasks. Arguably, the ability to run data centers and to develop and manage software applications is not necessarily a core competency of most organizations. Cloud computing may make it much easier to reduce or shed these functions, allowing organizations to concentrate their efforts on issues central to their business such as (in government) the development of policy and design and delivery of public services. The poor energy efficiency of most existing data centers, due to substandard design or inefficient asset utilization, is now understood to be environmentally and economically unsustainable. Cloud service providers, through leveraging economies of scale and their capacity to managing computing assets more efficiently, can consume far less energy and other resources than traditional data center operators.
Ease of Implementation
Flexibility
Scalability Access to Top-End IT Capabilities Redeployment of IT Staff
Focusing on Core Competencies
Sustainability
Source: IBSG, 2009 Source: IBSG 2009
23
Challenges
Source: Cisco IBSG 2009
24
Reliability
Rackspace 11-03-09 Microsoft Sidekick 10-11-09 Sales Force 12-28-09, 1-5-09
http://www.marketspaceadvisory.com/cloud/ : “Envisioning the Cloud: the Next Computing Paradigm,” J Rayport & A.Heyward, 2009
25
The Government IT Journey to Cloud Computing
26 26
The Government CIO View:
Why Cloud and Why Now?
FORCES DRIVING AGENCIES TO CLOUD COMPUTING:
1. Make IT more scalable, flexible
2. Deploy services faster 3. Lower the cost of IT (convert capital costs to operating costs)
27
Where to start:
Low-Hanging Fruit for Government Cloud Projects
Collaboration & information sharing
Next phase of infrastructure virtualization
Hosting of non-critical applications & non-sensitive data
Development, QA and Test
Projects with large-scale compute and storage demands Security services
28
Key to Agency Adoption of Cloud: Trust
Before the Economics of Cloud Computing Can be Considered, Agencies Require a Trusted Service Infrastructure
Security
Service-Level Management
Control Compliance
29
Getting Started … Simple 5-Track Roadmap
1. Optimize the current IT environment with the goal of providing an internal set of cloud services and enabling the incorporation of external services. This will be the services roadmap. Identify cloud services opportunities based on business needs, value proposition, and the ability to adopt/support those services. This will be the services portfolio.
2.
3.
Communicate with the BUs about cloud services and the roadmap and process for incorporating them into the architecture, whether the services are internal or external. This will be the communication plan.
Experiment with and pilot various services, both internal and external, to identify where the real issues will arise. This will be the lab. Designate a cross-functional team to monitor continually which new services, providers, and standards are in this space and determine if they affect the roadmap. This will be the sensing and strategyevolution function.
4. 5.
30
Q&A
31 31
32
Cloud Services
We believe that Cloud Services are in their infancy and will offer significantly greater flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness in the future, although many hurdles will need to be overcome.
33
Hussein Alyami
1 1
What is Cloud Computing?
2 2
“In the years ahead, more and more of the information-processing tasks that we rely on, at home and at work, will be handled by big data centers located out on the Internet. The nature and economics of computing will change as dramatically as the nature and economics of mechanical power changed with the rise of electric utilities in the early years of the last century. The consequences for society—for the way we live, work, learn, communicate, entertain ourselves, and even think—promise to be equally profound. If the electric dynamo was the machine that fashioned twentieth century society—that made us who we are—the information dynamo is the machine that will fashion the new society of the twenty-first century.”
Nicholas Carr ―The Big Switch—Rewiring the World from Edison to Google‖
3
Future of Computing
Cloud
Disruptor: Virtualization Web Client Server Minicomputer Mainframe
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
4
Next Inflection Point
WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
IT resources and services that are abstracted from the underlying infrastructure and provided ―on-demand‖ and ―at scale‖ in a multi-tenant environment
Today, clouds are associated with an off-premise, hosted model
5
Samples of cloud services
http://blogs.southworks.net/mwoloski/2008/08/19/cloud-computing-taxonomy-map/, August 19, 2008
6
Public vs Private
7
Public vs Private Cloud
Public Clouds Often depicted as being available to users from a third party provider, "public" clouds are typically made available via the Internet and may be free or inexpensive to use. There are many examples of these types of clouds, providing services across open, public networks today. One example is Amazon Web Services.
Greater risks in terms of security, resiliency, transparency and performance predictability (at least in the near term). Key benefit: tremendous elasticity
Private Clouds "Private" clouds offer many of the same benefits as "public" clouds but are managed within the organization. These types of clouds are not burdened by network bandwidth and availability issues or potential security exposures that may be associated with public clouds. Private clouds can offer the provider and user greater control, security and resilience.
Less risk – security, resiliency, infrastructure and support processes will not differ significantly from current environment. Better cost effectiveness and agility Move to SLA based service delivery Lower elasticity compared to external clouds
8
Cloud Definition from NIST
Visual Model of NIST’s Working Definition of Cloud Computing
Essential Characteristics
Measured Service
Rapid Elasticity
On-Demand Self Service
Broad Network Access
Resource Pooling
Service Models
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastucture as a Service (IaaS)
Deployment Models
Public
Private
Hybrid
Community
http://www.csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html
9
Service Model Architectures (from NIST)
Cloud Infrastructure Cloud Infrastructure PaaS SaaS SaaS Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS SaaS
Software as a Service ( SaaS) Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS
Platform as a Service ( PaaS) Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS) Architectures
10 10
Cloud Layers
Flexible Infrastructure Compute, storage, and other established services on-demand Virtual Private Datacenter Compatible with existing applications Examples include: Amazon EC2 - Elastic Compute Cloud Mosso, GoGrid (HSPs)
11
Cloud Layers
Abstract Services Wide range of capabilities exposed to the developer through new APIs Also known as PaaS – Solutions Generally Targeted Examples include: Google App Engine
Amazon S3 - Simple Storage Service
App Frameworks (e.g. Hadoop)
Akamai Content Delivery
12
Cloud Layers
Application End user Complete Applications (usually delivered via browser) Also known as SaaS, sometimes extended with APIs (as in PaaS) Examples include: salesforce.com/force.com
WebEx (Connect)
Hotmail
13
Evolution of the Cloud Computing Market
From Stand-Alone to The Inter-Cloud
Phase 1 Phase 2
Internal Cloud
Phase 3
Private Cloud
Phase 4
Open Cloud
Virtual Private Cloud Stand-Alone Data Centers
Inter-Cloud Inter-Cloud
Public Cloud
Public Cloud
Public Cloud #1
Public Cloud #2
PRESENT
2015-2017
Federation / Workload Portability / Interoperability / Security
14
AWS
Rackspace
Google Apps
15
Example of the rise in cloud services
Source: Amazon Web Services Blog, January 2008 (http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/05/lots-of-bits.html)
16
Relative Bandwidth Consumed
Why should you care?
17 17
Where is IT’s Greatest Impact on Government?
Federal CIO Survey Question:
Where will investments in technology have the greatest impact on the performance of government?
Cross-Agency Information Sharing and Collaboration
Source: AFFIRM, December 2008
Information Security and Privacy
Critical Infrastructure Sustainability and Continuity
Government Management
Transparent, Citizen-Centric Government
18
How Secure Is Government IT?
Federal CIO Survey Question:
Has the IT infrastructure that supports your agency’s mission become more secure or less secure?
More Secure Unchanged Less Secure
Source: AFFIRM, December 2008
19
wordle.net
20
Policy & Technology are Drivers of Change
PUBLIC POLICY
Energy
Education
Entertainment
Healthcare
Transportation
Urban Development
NETWORK
21
What are the pros and cons?
22 22
Benefits of Cloud Computing
BENEFIT Cost Savings COMMENT Organizations can reduce or eliminate IT capital expenditures and reduce ongoing operating expenditures by paying only for the services they use and, potentially, by reducing the size of their IT staffs. Without the need to purchase hardware, software licenses, or implementation services, an organization can implement cloud computing rapidly. Cloud computing offers more flexibility (often called “elasticity”) in matching IT resources to business functions than past computing methods. It can also increase mobility of staff by allowing them to access business information and applications from a wider range of locations and/or devices. Organizations using cloud computing need not scramble to secure additional hardware and software when user loads increase, but can instead add and subtract capacity as the network load dictates. Particularly for smaller organizations, cloud computing can allow access to hardware, software, and IT staff of a caliber far beyond that which they can attract and/or afford for themselves. By reducing or doing away with constant server updates and other computing issues, and eliminating expenditures of time and money on application development, organizations may be able to concentrate at least some of their IT staff on higher-value tasks. Arguably, the ability to run data centers and to develop and manage software applications is not necessarily a core competency of most organizations. Cloud computing may make it much easier to reduce or shed these functions, allowing organizations to concentrate their efforts on issues central to their business such as (in government) the development of policy and design and delivery of public services. The poor energy efficiency of most existing data centers, due to substandard design or inefficient asset utilization, is now understood to be environmentally and economically unsustainable. Cloud service providers, through leveraging economies of scale and their capacity to managing computing assets more efficiently, can consume far less energy and other resources than traditional data center operators.
Ease of Implementation
Flexibility
Scalability Access to Top-End IT Capabilities Redeployment of IT Staff
Focusing on Core Competencies
Sustainability
Source: IBSG, 2009 Source: IBSG 2009
23
Challenges
Source: Cisco IBSG 2009
24
Reliability
Rackspace 11-03-09 Microsoft Sidekick 10-11-09 Sales Force 12-28-09, 1-5-09
http://www.marketspaceadvisory.com/cloud/ : “Envisioning the Cloud: the Next Computing Paradigm,” J Rayport & A.Heyward, 2009
25
The Government IT Journey to Cloud Computing
26 26
The Government CIO View:
Why Cloud and Why Now?
FORCES DRIVING AGENCIES TO CLOUD COMPUTING:
1. Make IT more scalable, flexible
2. Deploy services faster 3. Lower the cost of IT (convert capital costs to operating costs)
27
Where to start:
Low-Hanging Fruit for Government Cloud Projects
Collaboration & information sharing
Next phase of infrastructure virtualization
Hosting of non-critical applications & non-sensitive data
Development, QA and Test
Projects with large-scale compute and storage demands Security services
28
Key to Agency Adoption of Cloud: Trust
Before the Economics of Cloud Computing Can be Considered, Agencies Require a Trusted Service Infrastructure
Security
Service-Level Management
Control Compliance
29
Getting Started … Simple 5-Track Roadmap
1. Optimize the current IT environment with the goal of providing an internal set of cloud services and enabling the incorporation of external services. This will be the services roadmap. Identify cloud services opportunities based on business needs, value proposition, and the ability to adopt/support those services. This will be the services portfolio.
2.
3.
Communicate with the BUs about cloud services and the roadmap and process for incorporating them into the architecture, whether the services are internal or external. This will be the communication plan.
Experiment with and pilot various services, both internal and external, to identify where the real issues will arise. This will be the lab. Designate a cross-functional team to monitor continually which new services, providers, and standards are in this space and determine if they affect the roadmap. This will be the sensing and strategyevolution function.
4. 5.
30
Q&A
31 31
32
Cloud Services
We believe that Cloud Services are in their infancy and will offer significantly greater flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness in the future, although many hurdles will need to be overcome.
33
