Computer Software
Content
Computer Software
The Programs that are on the disks are software
Software
j Instructions and associated data, stored in electronic
format, that direct the computer to accomplish a task. j A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular tasks.
Program
j A series of commands and executable files that produce
result.
j Computer programmers write the codes/instructions that
make-up software applications/programs.
Eg:HTML is a type of computer programming language that allows programmers to make web pages.
Two Types of Software
j Application Software
j Operating System
Software
Types of software
Computer software
Application software
System software
General purpose Application Programs
Application Specific Programs
System Management Program
System Development Programs
1. Application Software
j Programs that work with operating system software to
help the computer to do specific types of work. j Application software describes the programs that are written for or by users to apply the computer to a specific task. j Examples
² Microsoft Office ² Adobe Photoshop ² WordPerfect``
1.1 General Purpose Application Program
j These are the programs that perform common
information processing tasks for end users. j Programs that work with the OS software to help you use your computer to do specific types of work. j Categories:
± ± ± ± ± ± Business Communications Graphics and Multimedia Education and Reference Entertainment and Leisure Integrated Programs
Business Software
j Word Processing
j Database ± program that allows you to ± Electronic filing create, edit, and print text systems documents Report, circular, memo ± Enter text and numbers j Spreadsheet Find, search, and printer
± Numbered Rows and Lettered Columns ± Intersection of them = cell
financial info, records
info in different ways
± Address book, Card Catalog
Software
j Communications
± Works with your modems or network hardware and allows your computer to communicate with other computers.
Exchange computer files and email
j Multimedia: combines
j Graphics Software
± Uses pictures or images to help communicate messages.
text, graphics, animation, video, and audio. j Clip art: graphical images to be added to documents j Desktop Publishing: uses both pictures and words to give you the ability to create documents
± Newsletters and brochures
Software
j Education & j Entertainment &
Reference
± Available on many topics ± Help ± Easier ± Quicker
Examples: Encyclopedia,
Leisure
± ± ± ± Fun Games and simulations Tests your skills interactive
Integrated Software
j Combine several
software applications into one program.
± ± ± ± ± Include: Work Processing Spreadsheet Database Communication
j Examples: ± MS Works ± MS OFFICE ± Lotus SmartSuite
APPLICATIONS
j MS Word j (Your basic Word Processor)
APPLICATIONS
j MS Excel j Your basic Spread Sheet)
APPLICATIONS
j MS Power Point j (For sales presentations)
APPLICATIONS
j MS Outlook j (Your desktop Personal
Information Manager, (PIM))
APPLICATIONS
j MS Internet Explorer j (Your internet
Browser)
APPLICATIONS
j Windows Calculator j (Your basic calculator,
also available is a scientific calculator)
APPLICATIONS
j WordPerfect j j j j j j
Adobe Acrobat Lotus 1-2-3 Photoshop QuickBooks Notepad CorelDraw WinZip Adobe page maker Media Player Photo Paint Explore ETC. ETC.ETC. ETC. Ad Infinitum
Software
1.2 Application Specific Programs
j There are thousands of application software packages
available to support specific application of end users. Eg:
Business accounting Transaction processing Inventory control Sales analysis MRP CRM ERP E-commerce Science & engineering
2. System Software
j A group of programs that coordinate and control
the resources and operations of a computer system.
j System software consists of programs that
manage & support a computer system & its information processing activities
± Enables all components of the computer system to communicate.
2.1 System Management Programs
j These are the programs that manage the hardware,
software & data resources of the computer system during execution of the various information processing jobs of users. Further classified into: 2.1.1 Operating Systems 2.1.2 Operating Environments 2.1.3 Database Management system 2.1.4 Telecommunications software
2.1.1Operating System
j Software that translates a computers commands and
allows application programs to interact with the computer·s hardware
j Directs all the activities and sets all the rules for how the
hardware and software will work together. j Examples:
± DOS, Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP ± Unix ,Linux,
OPERATING SYSTEMS
j MS-DOS j Windows 95,98,Me j Windows NT, 2000,XP j Linux
2.1.2 System Operating Utilities Utilities
j Utilities supplement functionality of operating
systems. Utilities includes device drivers and Troubleshooting capabilities. j Utilities provide file management capabilities such as copying, moving or renaming a file. j Norton Utilities includes an undelete function that can recover deleted files. j Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add protection for all system and data files.
2.1.3 Database Management Systems
j DBMS is a system software package that controls the
development , use & maintenance of the databases of computer. Eg; DB2 by IBM Oracle by Oracle corporation.
2.1.4 Telecommunication Software
j Network operating system (NOS)
± ± ± ± Manages network resources. Maintains security. Tracks user accounts. Handles communication between workstations and servers.
j Popular network operating systems
Windows NT, Novell Netware, UNIX
2.2 System Development Programs
j These are the programs that help the users to develop
information system programs & procedures & prepare user programs for computer processing Eg: Language translators Programs tools Computer- aided software engineering packages.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming language
j A Programming Language allows a programmer or end
user to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program. They are grouped into following categories: Machine Languages Assembly languages High-Level Languages Fourth Level Languages
1. 2. 3. 4.
Machine Languages
Machine Language or 1st Generation Language
j Machine language consists of groups of binary code, or
byte that represent everything from alphabet characters, arithmetic & logic operations. j Machine dependent or specific j Written in 0¶s & 1¶s only.
Assembly Language
Assembly Level Language or 2nd Generation Language j To overcome the limitations of machine language Assembler: An internal program to convert each operation code into machine language instruction. In this language, instead of writing the binary digit for each instruction directly, language like short words or abbreviations such as ADD, SUB( Subtract) or MOVE are used.
High-Level Language
j j j j
High Level or 3rd Generation Language Focus shifted from machine- oriented language to user ± oriented language. Closer to natural language like English High level language uses Instruction, which are called as Statements, that closely resemble human language. The Compiler or Interpreter generates a number of statements at the machine language level.
High-Level Language
The most commonly used High-Level Language: Algol- Algorithmic language Basic- Beginners¶ all- purpose symbolic instruction code. C- language, C++ COBOL- common business oriented language Pascal RPG-report program generator
Fourth Generation language
j Also called as non- procedural language. j These language consist of a variety of programming
languages that enables users to specify the results they want, while the computer determines the sequence of instruction that will accomplish those results. j Eg: FoxPro, oracle, dBase.
The Programs that are on the disks are software
Software
j Instructions and associated data, stored in electronic
format, that direct the computer to accomplish a task. j A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular tasks.
Program
j A series of commands and executable files that produce
result.
j Computer programmers write the codes/instructions that
make-up software applications/programs.
Eg:HTML is a type of computer programming language that allows programmers to make web pages.
Two Types of Software
j Application Software
j Operating System
Software
Types of software
Computer software
Application software
System software
General purpose Application Programs
Application Specific Programs
System Management Program
System Development Programs
1. Application Software
j Programs that work with operating system software to
help the computer to do specific types of work. j Application software describes the programs that are written for or by users to apply the computer to a specific task. j Examples
² Microsoft Office ² Adobe Photoshop ² WordPerfect``
1.1 General Purpose Application Program
j These are the programs that perform common
information processing tasks for end users. j Programs that work with the OS software to help you use your computer to do specific types of work. j Categories:
± ± ± ± ± ± Business Communications Graphics and Multimedia Education and Reference Entertainment and Leisure Integrated Programs
Business Software
j Word Processing
j Database ± program that allows you to ± Electronic filing create, edit, and print text systems documents Report, circular, memo ± Enter text and numbers j Spreadsheet Find, search, and printer
± Numbered Rows and Lettered Columns ± Intersection of them = cell
financial info, records
info in different ways
± Address book, Card Catalog
Software
j Communications
± Works with your modems or network hardware and allows your computer to communicate with other computers.
Exchange computer files and email
j Multimedia: combines
j Graphics Software
± Uses pictures or images to help communicate messages.
text, graphics, animation, video, and audio. j Clip art: graphical images to be added to documents j Desktop Publishing: uses both pictures and words to give you the ability to create documents
± Newsletters and brochures
Software
j Education & j Entertainment &
Reference
± Available on many topics ± Help ± Easier ± Quicker
Examples: Encyclopedia,
Leisure
± ± ± ± Fun Games and simulations Tests your skills interactive
Integrated Software
j Combine several
software applications into one program.
± ± ± ± ± Include: Work Processing Spreadsheet Database Communication
j Examples: ± MS Works ± MS OFFICE ± Lotus SmartSuite
APPLICATIONS
j MS Word j (Your basic Word Processor)
APPLICATIONS
j MS Excel j Your basic Spread Sheet)
APPLICATIONS
j MS Power Point j (For sales presentations)
APPLICATIONS
j MS Outlook j (Your desktop Personal
Information Manager, (PIM))
APPLICATIONS
j MS Internet Explorer j (Your internet
Browser)
APPLICATIONS
j Windows Calculator j (Your basic calculator,
also available is a scientific calculator)
APPLICATIONS
j WordPerfect j j j j j j
Adobe Acrobat Lotus 1-2-3 Photoshop QuickBooks Notepad CorelDraw WinZip Adobe page maker Media Player Photo Paint Explore ETC. ETC.ETC. ETC. Ad Infinitum
Software
1.2 Application Specific Programs
j There are thousands of application software packages
available to support specific application of end users. Eg:
Business accounting Transaction processing Inventory control Sales analysis MRP CRM ERP E-commerce Science & engineering
2. System Software
j A group of programs that coordinate and control
the resources and operations of a computer system.
j System software consists of programs that
manage & support a computer system & its information processing activities
± Enables all components of the computer system to communicate.
2.1 System Management Programs
j These are the programs that manage the hardware,
software & data resources of the computer system during execution of the various information processing jobs of users. Further classified into: 2.1.1 Operating Systems 2.1.2 Operating Environments 2.1.3 Database Management system 2.1.4 Telecommunications software
2.1.1Operating System
j Software that translates a computers commands and
allows application programs to interact with the computer·s hardware
j Directs all the activities and sets all the rules for how the
hardware and software will work together. j Examples:
± DOS, Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP ± Unix ,Linux,
OPERATING SYSTEMS
j MS-DOS j Windows 95,98,Me j Windows NT, 2000,XP j Linux
2.1.2 System Operating Utilities Utilities
j Utilities supplement functionality of operating
systems. Utilities includes device drivers and Troubleshooting capabilities. j Utilities provide file management capabilities such as copying, moving or renaming a file. j Norton Utilities includes an undelete function that can recover deleted files. j Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add protection for all system and data files.
2.1.3 Database Management Systems
j DBMS is a system software package that controls the
development , use & maintenance of the databases of computer. Eg; DB2 by IBM Oracle by Oracle corporation.
2.1.4 Telecommunication Software
j Network operating system (NOS)
± ± ± ± Manages network resources. Maintains security. Tracks user accounts. Handles communication between workstations and servers.
j Popular network operating systems
Windows NT, Novell Netware, UNIX
2.2 System Development Programs
j These are the programs that help the users to develop
information system programs & procedures & prepare user programs for computer processing Eg: Language translators Programs tools Computer- aided software engineering packages.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming language
j A Programming Language allows a programmer or end
user to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program. They are grouped into following categories: Machine Languages Assembly languages High-Level Languages Fourth Level Languages
1. 2. 3. 4.
Machine Languages
Machine Language or 1st Generation Language
j Machine language consists of groups of binary code, or
byte that represent everything from alphabet characters, arithmetic & logic operations. j Machine dependent or specific j Written in 0¶s & 1¶s only.
Assembly Language
Assembly Level Language or 2nd Generation Language j To overcome the limitations of machine language Assembler: An internal program to convert each operation code into machine language instruction. In this language, instead of writing the binary digit for each instruction directly, language like short words or abbreviations such as ADD, SUB( Subtract) or MOVE are used.
High-Level Language
j j j j
High Level or 3rd Generation Language Focus shifted from machine- oriented language to user ± oriented language. Closer to natural language like English High level language uses Instruction, which are called as Statements, that closely resemble human language. The Compiler or Interpreter generates a number of statements at the machine language level.
High-Level Language
The most commonly used High-Level Language: Algol- Algorithmic language Basic- Beginners¶ all- purpose symbolic instruction code. C- language, C++ COBOL- common business oriented language Pascal RPG-report program generator
Fourth Generation language
j Also called as non- procedural language. j These language consist of a variety of programming
languages that enables users to specify the results they want, while the computer determines the sequence of instruction that will accomplish those results. j Eg: FoxPro, oracle, dBase.
