Consumer Product Safety: os1c
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\‘Ic!lins range ironi 2 !o 65 ycors cud over with u ..r #.1U II, I p:c.A,...:-......, -........ U....C “I &La., :.\,.. 1 tI>c 65 end ovar grouping. f!le majority fvmcie,. frcn
pacity
l
If1 c-.,1’A : 1311 to
InCcJpCcl-
Almost half (20 of 32) of the v;ctirns
lusi iheir
tics, 334; (13 of 42) of the .!,r:.. ..bIIIII> _ ..-J-.. “J !-.I!--.u.:uT;, LC IIruIL”IC” 1 /hat they WCI~ in a hurried rtcte. TGos$ over 65 62X (26 of hod Strdica:cd that ~hcy ware 10) hurried. 42) of the victims
slipped art:1
‘uolauce.
I
of (43),
!IIC totol CUP.: rtvdi;,s T6 involvec’ cor:tuof 15 irlvc~lv~:d to ~IIC mid
3,;d of the victims wcrc trtiaied smc rcquircd A liish and rclrosed l/4 (6 of t;le day while
sions and loccrations the head, various frccturcr of limbs. injuries
over 20 cre
hospitalization. pcrccri:age
They all suffer with dizziness cmd
fomc form of incomI ity
section and 6 involved and dislacotion Of the two one was due to loss
15) case in the 65 and over group required exten ded hospitalization.
!XAi
prr~bla~X&
UCCOUil’
<nown inca,pcci tiias and in .pite of this condition, >nly 3 were ottendcd by Inothcr person (43)
1
iin;
for atmos! l/2 of all 1 he frequency 16.5% of oil
n’cuths irlvolvcd, 1 by drowning
LCKCS. I l+leserts
There were no special >hysicol provisions in the >athroom nor bothtub ;ho;Ner environment for the victims
Almost half (20 of 42) of the victims slipped on
’ 1
of consciousness and the other by burning duo to a fall into hot water.3/4 full into the rcngc. of the injuries 3 to 5 severity
i
the tub or shower surfocz;.
.‘f.:,
,FREQUENCY
e
DJRECT
ACTION
BY A SECOND
PARTY
Bathtub
and shower area related Misjudgement, evolution
accidents
are directly
or indirectly
the responsibility are at the core these
of human capabilities. of the accident These accidents errors
incapacities
or other
miscalculations ofthe user;
and also at the core of the solution. design or in education and as such, the responsibility 1, educating of those charged with design or information
can occur in product
are indirectly
dissemination. As seen in Scenario the use of t$e bathroom of responsible judgement the incapacitated and reduced accident in the continuity user may have increased his care in In a more direct sense, the lack incidence. of those charged with the care of :, (‘;fi ? sequence through willfull action,
of attendance
minors lead’directly to fatalities as seen in Scenario 4. When a second party is actually involved in the injurious
the most direct errors in judgement are.evident. In reviewing the case studies, this direct involvement of a second party in the accident evolution was present in the twelve case studies. It is possible These cover that injury had would have occurred to the victim related in other environrnents had the other if the party
actions
not
of the other party been an active
taken place.
have been placed thus, 2. in other scenarios applicable intervention . strategies. to these scenarios wit I
cases would
participant;
those cases in Scenario
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FREQUENCY 20
BATHROOM AND
.i I
ACTIVITY FALLS
WITH
SLIPS TUB
I
AGAINST
.
Activity A variety
within
or entering
or leaving
the tub or shower area was found to be only one sequence that involved the tub. injuries in tub injury when tub related the tub or shower area, strategies emerged &rticular
way in which the user might enter into an accident of bathroom activity These patterns were examined.
was found to result
were seen as unique since the us& may not have been planfrom outside usually to this against the outer tub.
ning to skewer or bathe and was interacting Given sequence. these considerations, a field
from the bathroom floor where he ‘slipped and fell
of intervention
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.
FREQUENCY 4
.
-..w.,
i
TUB
BATHING UNDER TWO
OF
UNDER-ATTENDED RESULTING
CHILDREN
‘IN DROWNING
Factors%f little bearing Within children
attendance on accidents
and continuity relating which the correlation consequence.
of attendance of attendance
of responsible with to continuity describing
persokoften
had and falls. of
1-0 children;
particularly
regard to slips
the drownings, indicated a pattern of this fatal
in the drownings the circumstances
emerged as a scenario
and conditions
.
.
ENVRONMNT
DESCRIPTION
.
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’ FREQUGNCY 13 -
..
. TUB WJTH BATHING HEATED OF CHILDREN WATER RESULTING UNDER IN FIVE BURNS
.-
.
Following of chil&en When pattern children other
the lead of age severity emerged as a correlated conditions
categories
similarities
and burn injuries, , very young
burns
subgroup of injury with
and age group. scalding
of these subgroups were analyzed, and tub filled left alone. heated water briefly
what emerged was a
of hot faucet water who were often
.
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It’
.
FREQUENCY
0.
38
-
TUB
BATHING SLlPS
OF AND
CHILDREN FALLS
UNDER RESULTING TO THE
TEN IN-., = * . HEAD
WJTH LACERATIONS
; :’ .
OR CONTUSfONS
White . showered, When dents
adults *
of a vakety
of ages engaged in shower
activity,
children
under ten rarefy
the tub bathing
activities
and $ostcri tical of this
incident
of these children were correlated against critical incia pattern of bathing with slips and fE;‘lls against the factors, a to interact to produce a high frequency considering . of injuries
tub edge developed. Height user and tub appealed sub-scenario to the head. Perhaps a chin injury of this body part injured. . . . ,+ would have been justified the frequency
t
t
8 ?
P@vw
“~‘Pl!Y3 0’11
FREQUENCY
4
TUB
LEAVING .
ACTIVITY WITH SLIPS
OF ON
CHILDREN FLOOR
UNDER
TEN
i
.
i
-
By closely
analyzing
the transition
between
the tub interior might
and exterior,
a special had .
.
wlnerabilithey not &en
and class of accidents injured while
to chi ldren under ten emerged. have had similar the tub. to leave and sti II within barrier on the-inside injuries “’
It is probable
that many more of these children attempting
.The sides of the tub formed a formidable the floor of the bathroom in this scenario of the tub wall,
(see Scenkrio
6) while side
was found to be a hazard
on the opposite
. ir
.
. ,-
,
I)
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8
* ‘FRECWNCY 3
.
I
PLATFORM
POSITION OF CHILDREN WITH FALLS
(OTHER UNDER AGAINST
THAN TUB
TUB EDGE
EDGE)
I
FOURTEEN
Activity revlew sh&ed t tub edge. Review While vulnerable
related
to accidents
in the bathroom
area took a distinct and falls
turn when data of
that not all
losses of balance
or slips
were from the floor <,s?.
of these cases showed that while there are few cases representing of the user in relation 5 8
the user was old enough to climb, this scenario, it appears a unique special
he was and
not old enough to perceive condition
the danger of his position.
to the tub requiring .
intervention
considerations.
*. ._^ ---4-*
.
._ . ~ \ ,
-c5 NYY
ALI =Z?
,1
.
, ’
, /
USER OESCRlPTlON
FREQUENCY 12
.
.
.
TUB EDGE POSITiON WITH FALLS
--
-
Whid$articu!ar with
factor
options
often
separated
the child
and the ad&
Fn accident of af I
sequences .
that otherwise
may have been similar, were both related a
the area of the tub edge ssition to cases of faffs into the tub.
users correlated Standing
a significant
number of balance pr&blems.
or seated positions
.
\
I
,
L . 1
.
:
c
.
t V -= =s
,
_.
. -
.
-
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.
-
__
.
___
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--.-
.
_
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-
---
-
me
c-
---w---
:
i--
c--e
. 7%
.
i
I ?
t
/
.
,
.-. :,-
r4OilcfikCX3Cl lN3UN!!kHAM
I’; -ii E c: $ I13 a I:! ;/:
-3
\‘Ic!lins range ironi 2 !o 65 ycors cud over with u ..r #.1U II, I p:c.A,...:-......, -........ U....C “I &La., :.\,.. 1 tI>c 65 end ovar grouping. f!le majority fvmcie,. frcn
pacity
l
If1 c-.,1’A : 1311 to
InCcJpCcl-
Almost half (20 of 32) of the v;ctirns
lusi iheir
tics, 334; (13 of 42) of the .!,r:.. ..bIIIII> _ ..-J-.. “J !-.I!--.u.:uT;, LC IIruIL”IC” 1 /hat they WCI~ in a hurried rtcte. TGos$ over 65 62X (26 of hod Strdica:cd that ~hcy ware 10) hurried. 42) of the victims
slipped art:1
‘uolauce.
I
of (43),
!IIC totol CUP.: rtvdi;,s T6 involvec’ cor:tuof 15 irlvc~lv~:d to ~IIC mid
3,;d of the victims wcrc trtiaied smc rcquircd A liish and rclrosed l/4 (6 of t;le day while
sions and loccrations the head, various frccturcr of limbs. injuries
over 20 cre
hospitalization. pcrccri:age
They all suffer with dizziness cmd
fomc form of incomI ity
section and 6 involved and dislacotion Of the two one was due to loss
15) case in the 65 and over group required exten ded hospitalization.
!XAi
prr~bla~X&
UCCOUil’
<nown inca,pcci tiias and in .pite of this condition, >nly 3 were ottendcd by Inothcr person (43)
1
iin;
for atmos! l/2 of all 1 he frequency 16.5% of oil
n’cuths irlvolvcd, 1 by drowning
LCKCS. I l+leserts
There were no special >hysicol provisions in the >athroom nor bothtub ;ho;Ner environment for the victims
Almost half (20 of 42) of the victims slipped on
’ 1
of consciousness and the other by burning duo to a fall into hot water.3/4 full into the rcngc. of the injuries 3 to 5 severity
i
the tub or shower surfocz;.
.‘f.:,
,FREQUENCY
e
DJRECT
ACTION
BY A SECOND
PARTY
Bathtub
and shower area related Misjudgement, evolution
accidents
are directly
or indirectly
the responsibility are at the core these
of human capabilities. of the accident These accidents errors
incapacities
or other
miscalculations ofthe user;
and also at the core of the solution. design or in education and as such, the responsibility 1, educating of those charged with design or information
can occur in product
are indirectly
dissemination. As seen in Scenario the use of t$e bathroom of responsible judgement the incapacitated and reduced accident in the continuity user may have increased his care in In a more direct sense, the lack incidence. of those charged with the care of :, (‘;fi ? sequence through willfull action,
of attendance
minors lead’directly to fatalities as seen in Scenario 4. When a second party is actually involved in the injurious
the most direct errors in judgement are.evident. In reviewing the case studies, this direct involvement of a second party in the accident evolution was present in the twelve case studies. It is possible These cover that injury had would have occurred to the victim related in other environrnents had the other if the party
actions
not
of the other party been an active
taken place.
have been placed thus, 2. in other scenarios applicable intervention . strategies. to these scenarios wit I
cases would
participant;
those cases in Scenario
0 -.
-_-
._-._----
--I---
__
___-_.--.
.-
.
^
-.
--.I
-
-
_ ._---.._---. ____ .^_^---_---..
*_ _-_._-__.- .--.-. ___-.-
- I - .___.---
I)
i.h,i; j#
ro~oy re4tm ray
0311v13c
. I)
.. )
1)
. wi’ Aqloru “0 rsqb
uA ‘01
II)
enimt
--
6u
,
!I
I)
6u
:8)
__ .,
8”
II
!!upmJ J’WM IlOC* Jv 6upuru m(Dfi q”,
1VN011100
El z)
1)
MJnJos
kP!‘j JM@Jnu Xopsanl *vwv h”ns --.BU
I) I)
-. 9 .
IIW b--q@
‘P!‘“!
)
*.
qn4 u! cto$l ueyolq ClOYdlSOd
1) 6)
1) z) 2) I)
q”1 jo efjpo “0 qn4 wwo wl qn4 uf v3uv
233M hV(
3
CI
.
_, ___
.__
.L 1) ”
5,.
_-__..
,
-I
_
.
--..-_
l
,W!J3!A
eye
‘seuo3
(I I) Ul
. .
.
.
FREQUENCY 20
BATHROOM AND
.i I
ACTIVITY FALLS
WITH
SLIPS TUB
I
AGAINST
.
Activity A variety
within
or entering
or leaving
the tub or shower area was found to be only one sequence that involved the tub. injuries in tub injury when tub related the tub or shower area, strategies emerged &rticular
way in which the user might enter into an accident of bathroom activity These patterns were examined.
was found to result
were seen as unique since the us& may not have been planfrom outside usually to this against the outer tub.
ning to skewer or bathe and was interacting Given sequence. these considerations, a field
from the bathroom floor where he ‘slipped and fell
of intervention
0:
. ,I
.
-_.
..*A
..--
L,,.s_ -..,
.- - :! .
. . ..I _1._., E
.
. .j -‘-+I
’ r B f
Jnol l”e1
OJ l UD MU)
JO 96OS ‘W”
@ho,
“J!(
81OA.l
“V”l .:j. -w..,
I(llJ-E
SSl3N
*r. w-,-a.. ...*--
‘f-Y
OLjJ DJ SUO~SDJ~~D/bO~S*JW3 DMJ PrD OaJyJ
‘p)O’I
Sq!J
pJnJ3DJJ OlltjM
S&JM
3Ijr
OJ4yJ
OJ WO!JOJO3Ol
U! pacjnw
ayl jo
W!Ji$J!
3’jl
OLfJ
~!lW
(I 1) ~J!JO+
‘(Cl @‘PI’YJ ‘T ‘0 w U-P flU!llDi paApJ! siBso3 [IV
.
FREQUENCY 4
.
-..w.,
i
TUB
BATHING UNDER TWO
OF
UNDER-ATTENDED RESULTING
CHILDREN
‘IN DROWNING
Factors%f little bearing Within children
attendance on accidents
and continuity relating which the correlation consequence.
of attendance of attendance
of responsible with to continuity describing
persokoften
had and falls. of
1-0 children;
particularly
regard to slips
the drownings, indicated a pattern of this fatal
in the drownings the circumstances
emerged as a scenario
and conditions
.
.
ENVRONMNT
DESCRIPTION
.
’ ufiwqun OJO uO(3Oj .yl ‘JUep!%J!
.
e(qpmdsu
ou ,v
•omCjOdo~UpU 910 PW”“JI ““!(‘I” IIV
.
.
.
’ FREQUGNCY 13 -
..
. TUB WJTH BATHING HEATED OF CHILDREN WATER RESULTING UNDER IN FIVE BURNS
.-
.
Following of chil&en When pattern children other
the lead of age severity emerged as a correlated conditions
categories
similarities
and burn injuries, , very young
burns
subgroup of injury with
and age group. scalding
of these subgroups were analyzed, and tub filled left alone. heated water briefly
what emerged was a
of hot faucet water who were often
.
.-
0
cn
WO --
,=
-‘3
WO .4
--AJZ,uZ
--YW
--CC-h)tdvI YYYY
2
c z % A
I . . _,
,
‘JOU JO
(c)
w (2)
jo
L
9 s
eer8ep
q snopwd J9JOMJOy YJI”’ POIIU Jo P’WU 6ul -9 JYJle sl V’J‘tJo9 e’il
ql npJBOJom6t~
l uoyeuqm
h)JeA%
-
(&I (s) (S)
:@JaM ‘(9Att
L AJ!JO’% 9 b!Ja% S AJ!Ja”%
“*pUI AJ!Ja”eS SSl3N ‘(2) aal JO (2) sy=JJ”C ‘(PI ‘UJJD ‘(2) VW
eqb U! pm-+! r! 0~
‘(1) d!lS Puo’I s!rl WY Jo ‘(1) =vD9 -1 pun rdlls ‘(s) ewoloq $1~ serol ‘(9) po”J”s S! Pl!V 091
w Aegse~ow ~1 l UD ey jOb’-*tqOq
“I II0 eJ0 ueJll!V @VI
‘Yl=i poo6/1“I 09 OJ Pea
It’
.
FREQUENCY
0.
38
-
TUB
BATHING SLlPS
OF AND
CHILDREN FALLS
UNDER RESULTING TO THE
TEN IN-., = * . HEAD
WJTH LACERATIONS
; :’ .
OR CONTUSfONS
White . showered, When dents
adults *
of a vakety
of ages engaged in shower
activity,
children
under ten rarefy
the tub bathing
activities
and $ostcri tical of this
incident
of these children were correlated against critical incia pattern of bathing with slips and fE;‘lls against the factors, a to interact to produce a high frequency considering . of injuries
tub edge developed. Height user and tub appealed sub-scenario to the head. Perhaps a chin injury of this body part injured. . . . ,+ would have been justified the frequency
t
t
8 ?
P@vw
“~‘Pl!Y3 0’11
FREQUENCY
4
TUB
LEAVING .
ACTIVITY WITH SLIPS
OF ON
CHILDREN FLOOR
UNDER
TEN
i
.
i
-
By closely
analyzing
the transition
between
the tub interior might
and exterior,
a special had .
.
wlnerabilithey not &en
and class of accidents injured while
to chi ldren under ten emerged. have had similar the tub. to leave and sti II within barrier on the-inside injuries “’
It is probable
that many more of these children attempting
.The sides of the tub formed a formidable the floor of the bathroom in this scenario of the tub wall,
(see Scenkrio
6) while side
was found to be a hazard
on the opposite
. ir
.
. ,-
,
I)
BJA JOAO 01
s--. OU
2)
t) 2) JooU (@a ’ &I wNOlllOQV
YflllOV
2)
l q”( heddllr 6po
clO&lllY3
,,.’ ’ :r,i
..
.
l
S
8
* ‘FRECWNCY 3
.
I
PLATFORM
POSITION OF CHILDREN WITH FALLS
(OTHER UNDER AGAINST
THAN TUB
TUB EDGE
EDGE)
I
FOURTEEN
Activity revlew sh&ed t tub edge. Review While vulnerable
related
to accidents
in the bathroom
area took a distinct and falls
turn when data of
that not all
losses of balance
or slips
were from the floor <,s?.
of these cases showed that while there are few cases representing of the user in relation 5 8
the user was old enough to climb, this scenario, it appears a unique special
he was and
not old enough to perceive condition
the danger of his position.
to the tub requiring .
intervention
considerations.
*. ._^ ---4-*
.
._ . ~ \ ,
-c5 NYY
ALI =Z?
,1
.
, ’
, /
USER OESCRlPTlON
FREQUENCY 12
.
.
.
TUB EDGE POSITiON WITH FALLS
--
-
Whid$articu!ar with
factor
options
often
separated
the child
and the ad&
Fn accident of af I
sequences .
that otherwise
may have been similar, were both related a
the area of the tub edge ssition to cases of faffs into the tub.
users correlated Standing
a significant
number of balance pr&blems.
or seated positions
.
\
I
,
L . 1
.
:
c
.
t V -= =s
,
_.
. -
.
-
-2
.
-
__
.
___
_
--.-
.
_
-
-
---
