Delhi
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Delhi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the National Capital of India. For other uses,
see Delhi (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with New Delhi, the municipality.
Delhi
Indraprastha
Metropolis
National Capital Territory of India
From top clockwise: Lotus temple, Humayun's Tomb,Connaught
Place,Akshardham temple and India Gate.
Delhi
Location of Delhi in India.
Coordinates: 28°36′36″N 77°13′48″ECoordinates: 28°36′36″N 77°13′48″E
Country India
Region North India
Settled 6th century B.C., 3000 B.C. (from
legend)
Incorporated 1857
Capital formation 1911
Established 1 Feb 1992
Government
• Lt. Governor Najeeb Jung
• Chief Minister (President's Rule)
• Legislature Unicameral (70 seats)
• Parliamentary
constituency
7
• High Court Delhi High Court
Area
• Metropolis 1,484.0 km
2
(573.0 sq mi)
• Water 18 km
2
(6.9 sq mi)
• Metro 46,208 km
2
(17,841 sq mi)
Elevation 0–125 m (0–409 ft)
Population (2011)
[1]
• Rank 2nd
• Density 11,297.01/km
2
(29,259.12/sq mi)
• Urban 16,314,838
• Metro
[2]
21,753,486
Demonym Delhiite / Delhi wala
Time zone Indian Standard Time(UTC+5.30)
Pincode(s) 110001-110098, 1100xx
Area code(s) +91 11
Ethnicity Indian
Official Languages Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu
Website delhi.gov.in
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/, Hindustani pronunciation: d lli Dilli ), also known as
the National Capital Territory of India is the capital of India. Such is
the nature of urban expansion in Delhi that its growth has expanded
beyond the NCT to incorporate towns in neighbouring states and at its
largest extent can count a population of about 25 million residents as
of 2014,
[3]
and is the largest urban agglomeration in India by land area
and population. It is also the 4th most populous city on the
planet.
[4][5]
The NCT and its urban region have been given the special
status of National Capital Region (NCR) under theConstitution of
India's 69th amendment act of 1991. The NCR includes the
neighbouring cities of Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad, Faridabad,Greater
Faridabad called as Neharpar, Greater
Noida, Sonepat, Panipat, Karnal,Rohtak, Rewari, Baghpat, Meerut, Al
war, Bharatpur and other nearby towns.
A union territory, the political administration of the NCT of Delhi today
more closely resembles that of a state of India, with its own
legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by
a Chief Minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by the
federal government of India and the localgovernment of Delhi, and is
the capital of the NCT of Delhi.
Delhi has been continuously inhabited since the 6th century
BC.
[6]
Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of
various kingdoms and empires. It has been captured, ransacked and
rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and
modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the
metropolitan region.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Toponymy and idioms
3 History
4 Ecology
o 4.1 Climate
o 4.2 Air pollution
5 Civic administration
6 Government and politics
7 Economy
8 Utility services
9 Transport
o 9.1 Air
o 9.2 Road
o 9.3 Railway
o 9.4 Metro
o 9.5 Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)
o 9.6 Roads of 2006 and 2007
10 Demographics
11 Culture
o 11.1 Festivals
o 11.2 Cuisine
12 Education
13 Media
14 Sports
15 World Heritage status
16 See also
17 References
18 Further reading
19 External links
History
Main article: History of Delhi
Delhi was the site of ancient Indraprastha (Khandavprastha), the
ancient capital of the Pandavas during the Mahabharata.
[7]
Delhi re-
emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the
trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain during
the Delhi Sultanate era.
[8][9]
In AD 1639, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built a new walled city
namedShahjahanabad, in Delhi, which served as the capital of
the Mughal Empirefrom 1649 until the Rebellion of
1857.
[10][11]
Shahjahanabad today is Old Delhi. The greater part of Old
Delhi is still confined within the space of Shah Jahān's walls, and
several gates built during his rule—the Kashmiri Gate, the Delhi Gate,
the Turkman Gate, and the Ajmeri Gate—still stand. In 1911 the
British determined to shift the capital of India from Calcutta (Kolkata)
to Delhi, and a three-member committee was formed to plan the
construction of the new administrative center. The key architect on the
committee was Sir Edwin Lutyens;
[12]
it was he who gave shape to the
city. The British moved to the partially built New Delhi in 1912, and
construction was completed in 1931.
[13]
A new capital city, New Delhi,
was built to the south of the old city during the 1920s.
[14]
When the
British left India in 1947, New Delhi became its national capital and
seat of the union government.
Toponymy and idioms
There are a number of legends associated with the origin of the
name Delhi. One is that it is derived from Dhillu or Dilu, a king who
built a city at this location in 50 BC and named it after
himself.
[7][15][16]
Another legend holds that the name of the city is based
on the Hindi/Prakrit word dhili (loose) and that it was used by
the Tomaras to refer to the city because the Iron Pillar of Delhi had a
weak foundation and had to be moved.
[16]
The coins in circulation in
the region under the Tomaras were calleddehliwal.
[17]
According to
the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja,of Indraprastha built a new fort
in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four
castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the
fort and later named the fort dehali.
[18]
Some historians believe that the
name is derived from Dilli, a corruption of dehleez or dehali—both
terms meaning 'threshold' or 'gateway'—and symbolic of the city as a
gateway to the Gangetic Plain.
[19][20]
Another theory suggests that the
city's original name was Dhillika.
[21]
The people of Delhi are referred to as or Delhiites.
[22]
The city is
referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages.
Examples include:
Abhi Dilli door hai or
its Persian version, Hanouz Dehli dour ast,
literally meaning Delhi is still far away, which is
generically said about a task or journey still far
from completion.
[23][24]
Dilli dilwalon ka shehr or Dilli Dilwalon
ki meaning Delhi belongs to the large-
hearted/daring.
[25]
Aas-paas barse, Dilli pani tarse, literally
meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies
parched. An allusion to the sometimes semi-
arid climate of Delhi, it idiomatically refers to
situations of deprivation when one is
surrounded by plenty.
[24]
History
Main articles: History of Delhi and Old Delhi
The ancient Yogmaya temple, claimed to be one of the five temples of the
Mahabharata era in Delhi.
The area around Delhi was probably inhabited before the second
millennium BC, and there is evidence of continuous inhabitation since
at least the 6th century BC.
[6]
The city is believed to be the site of
Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic
Mahabharata.
[7]
According to this epic this land was initially a huge
mass of forests called 'Kandavaprastha' which was burnt down to
build the city of Indraprastha. The earliest architectural relics date
back to the Maurya period (c. 300 BC); in 1966, an inscription of the
Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (273–235 BC) was discovered near
Srinivaspuri. Remains of eight major cities have been discovered in
Delhi. The first five cities were in the southern part of present-day
Delhi. Anang Pal of the Tomara dynastyfounded the city of Lal Kot in
AD 736. The Chauhans conquered Lal Kot in 1180 and renamed
it Qila Rai Pithora.
The iron pillar of Delhi, is said to have been fashioned at the time
ofChandragupta Vikramaditya (375–413) of the Gupta Empire.
[26][27]
The king Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated in 1192 by a Tajik invader
from Afghanistan,Muhammad Ghori, who made a concerted effort to
conquer northern India.
[7]
By 1200, native Hindu resistance had begun
to crumble, the dominance of foreign Muslim dynasties in India was to
last for the next five centuries. On the death of Muhammad in 1206,
the Turkic slave-general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, broke away from
the Ghurid Dynastyand became the first Sultan of Delhi. He began
construction of the Qutb Minar andQuwwat-al-Islam (might of Islam)
mosque, the earliest extant mosque in India. Qutb-ud-din faced
widespread Hindu rebellions and it was his
successor, Iltutmish (1211–36), who consolidated the Muslim
conquest of northern India.
[7][28]
At 72.5 m (238 ft), A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Qutub Minar is the
world's tallest free-standing brick minaret.
[29]
For the next three hundred years, Delhi was ruled by a succession
of Turkic and an Afghan, Lodhi dynasty. They built a number of forts
and townships that are part of the seven cities of Delhi.
[30]
Delhi was a
major centre of Sufism during this period.
[31]
The Mamluk Sultanate
(Delhi) was overthrown in 1290 by the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320).
Under the second Khilji ruler, Ala-ud-din Khilji, the Delhi sultanate
extended its control south of the Narmada River in the Deccan. The
Delhi sultanate reached its greatest extent during the reign
of Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351). In an attempt to bring the
whole of the Deccan under control, he moved his capital
to Daulatabad, Maharashtra in central India, but by moving away from
Delhi he lost control of the north and was forced to return to Delhi to
restore order. The southern provinces then broke away. In the years
following the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388), the Delhi
sultanate rapidly began to lose its hold over its northern provinces.
Delhi was captured and sacked by Timur Lenk in 1398.
[32]
Near Delhi,
Timur massacred 100,000 captives.
[33]
Delhi's decline continued under
theSayyid dynasty (1414–1451), until the sultanate was reduced to
Delhi and its hinterland. Under the Afghan Lodhi dynasty(1451–1526),
the Delhi sultanate recovered control of the Punjab and the Gangetic
plain to once again achieve domination over northern India. However,
the recovery was short-lived and in 1526 the sultanate was destroyed
by Babur, founder of theMughal dynasty.
In 1526, Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan and Timur, from the
Fergana Valley in modern-day Uzbekistan, invaded India, defeated
the last Lodhi sultan in the First Battle of Panipat and founded
the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi and Agra.
[7]
The Mughal
dynasty ruled Delhi for more than three centuries, with a sixteen-year
hiatus during the reign of Sher Shah Suri, from 1540 to 1556.
[34]
In
1553, the Hindu king, Hemu Vikramaditya acceded to the throne of
Delhi by defeating forces of Mughal Emperor Humayun at Agra and
Delhi. However, the Mughals re-established their rule after Akbar's
army defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat in
1556.
[35][36][37]
Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi that bears his
nameShahjahanabad, which served as the capital of the Mughal
Empire from 1638 and is today known as the Old City or Old Delhi.
[38]
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Red fort is the location from which the Prime
Minister of Indiaaddresses the nation onIndependence Day
After 1720, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the
Hindu Maratha Empirerose to prominence.
[39]
In 1737, Maratha forces
sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals in the First
Battle of Delhi. In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the hugeBattle of
Karnal in less than three hours against the numerically outnumbered
but military superior Persian army led by Nader Shah of Persia during
his invasion after which hecompletely sacked and looted Delhi, the
Mughal capital, carrying away immense wealth including the Peacock
Throne, the Daria-i-Noor, and Koh-i-Noor. The Mughals, severely
further weakened, would never overcome this crushing defeat and
humiliation which would also let the way open for more invaders to
come, including eventually theBritish.
[40][41][42]
Nader eventually agreed
to leave the city and India after forcing the Mughal
emperor Muhammad Shah I to beg him for mercy and granting him
the keys of the city and the royal treasury.
[43]
A treaty signed in 1752
made Marathas the protectors of the Mughal throne in Delhi.
[44]
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, built in 1560, Humayun's Tomb is the first
example of Mughal tomb complexes.
[45]
In 1757, the Afghan ruler, Ahmad Shah Durrani, sacked Delhi. He
returned to Afghanistan leaving a Mughal puppet ruler in nominal
control. The Marathas again occupied Delhi in 1758, and were in
control before their defeat in 1761 at the third battle of Panipat, and
the city was captured again by Ahmad Shah.
[46]
However, in 1771, the
Marathas established a protectorate over Delhi when the Maratha
ruler, Mahadji Shinde, recaptured Delhi and the Mughal
Emperor Shah Alam II was installed as a puppet ruler in 1772.
[47]
In
1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British
East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of
Delhi.
[48]
During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi fell to the forces of
East India Company after a bloody fight known as the Siege of Delhi.
The city came under the direct control of the British Government in
1858. It was made a district province of the Punjab.
[7]
In 1911, it was
announced that the capital of British held territories in India was to be
transferred fromCalcutta to Delhi.
[13]
The name "New Delhi" was given
in 1927, and the new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931.
New Delhi, also known as Lutyens' Delhi,
[49]
was officially declared as
the capital of the Union of India after the country
gainedindependence on 15 August 1947.
[50]
During the partition of
India, thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees, mainly from West
Punjab fled to Delhi, while many Muslim residents of the city migrated
to Pakistan. Migration to Delhi from the rest of India continues (as of
2013), contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth
rate, which is declining.
[51]
The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the
Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital
Territory of Delhi.
[52]
The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly
along Civil lines, though with limited powers.
[52]
In December 2001, the
Parliament of India building in New Delhi was attacked by armed
militants, killing six security personnel.
[53]
India suspected Pakistan-
based militant groups were behind the attack, which caused a
major diplomatic crisisbetween the two countries.
[54]
There were further
terrorist attacks in Delhi in October 2005 and September 2008,
resulting in a total of 103 deaths.
[55]
Ecology
Main article: Environment of Delhi
Delhi is located at 28.61°N 77.23°E, and lies in Northern India. It
borders the Indian states of Haryana on the north, west and south
and Uttar Pradesh (UP) to the east. During the British Raj, Delhi was
part of the province of Punjab and is still historically and culturally
connected to the Punjab region.
[56]
Two prominent features of the
geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge.
The Yamuna river was the historical boundary between Punjab and
UP, and its flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for
agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods. The Yamuna, a sacred
river in Hinduism, is the only major river flowing through Delhi.
The Hindon River separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of Delhi.
The Delhi ridge originates from the Aravalli Range in the south and
encircles the west, north-east and north-west parts of the city. It
reaches a height of 318 m (1,043 ft) and is a dominant feature of the
region.
[57]
The National Capital Territory of Delhi covers an area of
1,484 km
2
(573 sq mi), of which 783 km
2
(302 sq mi) is designated
rural, and 700 km
2
(270 sq mi) urban therefore making it the largest
city in terms of area in the country. It has a length of 51.9 km (32 mi)
and a width of 48.48 km (30 mi).
Delhi is included in India's seismic zone-IV, indicating its vulnerability
to major earthquakes, but earthquakes have not been common in
recent history.
[58]
Climate
See also: Climate of Delhi
Lightning strikes near India Gate, New Delhi. Delhi receives much of its rainfall
during the monsoon season which lasts from July to September
Delhi features an atypical version of the humid subtropical
climate (Köppen Cwa). The warm season lasts from 9 April to 8 July
with an average daily high temperature above 36 °C (97 °F). The
hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 38 °C
(100 °F) and low of 25 °C (77 °F).
[59]
The cold season lasts from 11
December to 11 February with an average daily high temperature
below 18 °C (64 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an
average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 15 °C (59 °F).
[59]
In early
March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-
westerly. From March to May the weather is hot.
[60]
The monsoon
arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity.
[60]
The
brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy
fog often occurs.
[61]
Temperatures in Delhi usually range from 5 to 40 °C (41.0 to
104.0 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded
being −6.7 and 47.8 °C (19.9 and 118.0 °F) respectively.
[62]
The annual
mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range
from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in
July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931.
[63][64]
The average annual rainfall is
approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the
monsoon in July and August.
[7]
The average date of the advent of
monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June.
[65]
[hide]Climate data for Delhi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F)
28.6
(83.5)
30.3
(86.5)
34.6
(94.3)
39.4
(102.9)
44.1
(111.4)
45.8
(114.4)
40.2
(104.4)
37.6
(99.7)
37.2
(99)
34.8
(94.6)
32.8
(91)
26.5
(79.7)
45.8
(114.4)
Average high °C (°F)
20.4
(68.7)
24.2
(75.6)
28.9
(84)
36.6
(97.9)
38.1
(100.6)
38.5
(101.3)
35.1
(95.2)
32.6
(90.7)
32.1
(89.8)
31.3
(88.3)
26.5
(79.7)
19.8
(67.6)
32.5
(90.5)
Average low °C (°F)
7.4
(45.3)
9.5
(49.1)
13.6
(56.5)
19.2
(66.6)
23.9
(75)
24.3
(75.7)
24.5
(76.1)
22.8
(73)
22.8
(73)
16.7
(62.1)
9.3
(48.7)
7.8
(46)
16.6
(61.9)
Record low °C (°F)
−0.8
(30.6)
3.2
(37.8)
6.2
(43.2)
12.2
(54)
10.7
(51.3)
13.3
(55.9)
16.0
(60.8)
13.8
(56.8)
11.0
(51.8)
5.7
(42.3)
1.5
(34.7)
0.2
(32.4)
−0.8
(30.6)
Precipitation mm (inches)
20.3
(0.799)
15
(0.59)
15.8
(0.622)
6.7
(0.264)
17.5
(0.689)
54.9
(2.161)
231.5
(9.114)
258.7
(10.185)
127.8
(5.031)
36.3
(1.429)
5
(0.2)
7.8
(0.307)
797.3
(31.391)
Avg. precipitation days 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 3.6 10.0 11.3 5.4 1.6 0.1 0.6 39.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.9 217.5 238.7 216.0 263.0 198.0 167.4 167.6 219.0 269.7 246.0 217.3 2,634.1
[citation needed]
Air pollution
See also: Environmental issues in Delhi
Urban sustainability analysis of the greater urban area of the city using the
'Circles of Sustainability' method of the UN Global Compact Cities Programme
Delhi is the most polluted
[66]
city in the world and according to one
estimate, air pollution causes the death of about 10,500 people in
Delhi every year.
[67][68][69]
During 2013-14, peak levels of
fine particulate matter (PM) in Delhi increased by about 44%, primarily
due to high vehicular and industrial emissions, construction work and
crop burning in adjoining states.
[67][70][71][72]
Delhi has the highest level of
the airborne particulate matter, PM2.5 considered most harmful to
health, with 153 micrograms.
[73]
Rising air pollution level has
significantly increased lung-related ailments (especially asthma and
lung cancer) among Delhi's children and women.
[74][75]
The dense smog
in Delhi during winter season results in major air and rail traffic
disruptions every year.
[76]
According to Indian meteorologists, the
average maximum temperature in Delhi during winters has declined
notably since 1998 due to rising air pollution.
[77]
Dense smog blankets Connaught Place, Delhi.
Environmentalists have criticised the Delhi government for not doing
enough to curb air pollution and to inform people about air quality
issues.
[68]
Most of Delhi's residents are unaware of alarming levels of
air pollution in the city and the health risks associated with
it.
[71][72]
Since the mid-1990s, Delhi has undertaken some measures to
curb air pollution – Delhi has the third highest quantity of trees among
Indian cities
[78]
and the Delhi Transport Corporation operates the
world's largest fleet of environmentally friendly compressed natural
gas (CNG) buses.
[79]
In 1996, the Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE) started a public interest litigation in the Supreme
Court of India that ordered the conversion of Delhi's fleet of buses and
taxis to run on CNG and banned the use of leaded petrol in 1998. In
2003, Delhi won the United States Department of Energy's first 'Clean
Cities International Partner of the Year' award for its "bold efforts to
curb air pollution and support alternative fuel initiatives".
[79]
The Delhi
Metro has also been credited for significantly reducing air pollutants in
the city.
[80]
However, according several authors, most of these gains
have been lost, especially due to rise in vehicle numbers, the market
share of diesel cars and a considerable decline in bus
ridership.
[81][82]
The state government of adjoining Uttar Pradesh is
considering imposing a ban on crop burning to reduce pollution in
Delhi NCR and an environmental panel has appealed to India's
Supreme Court to impose a 30% cess on diesel cars.
[83][84]
The Circles of Sustainability assessment of Delhi gives a marginally
more favourable impression of the ecological sustainability of the city
only because it is based on a more comprehensive series of
measures than only air pollution. Part of the reason that the city
remains assessed at basic sustainability is because of the low
resource-use and carbon emissions of its poorer neighbourhoods.
[85]
Civic administration
Map showing the nine districts of Delhi
See also: Divisions of Delhi, Districts of Delhi and List of towns in
National Capital Territory of Delhi
As of July 2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi comprises nine
districts, 27 tehsils, 59 census towns, 300 villages,
[86]
and three
statutory towns, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) –
1,397.3 km
2
or 540 sq mi, the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) –
42.7 km
2
or 16 sq mi and the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) –
43 km
2
or 17 sq mi).
[87][88]
On 16 July 2012, the Delhi Government
decided to increase the number of districts from nine to 11.
[89]
The Delhi metropolitan area lies within the National Capital Territory of
Delhi (NCT), which has five local municipal corporations; North Delhi
Municipal Corporation, South Delhi Municipal Corporation, East Delhi
Municipal Corporation, NDMC and DCB. The former MCD was divided
into three smaller Municipal Corporations – North Delhi, South Delhi
and East Delhi.
[90]
According to the 2011 census, MCD is among the
largest municipal bodies in the world, providing civic services to about
11 million people.
[91]
Delhi houses the Supreme Court of India, and the regional Delhi High
Court, along with the Small Causes Court for civil cases; the
Magistrate Court and the Sessions Court for criminal cases, has
jurisdiction over Delhi. The city is administratively divided into
eleven police-zones, which are subdivided into 95 local police
stations.
[92]
Government and politics
Supreme court is the apex court in the country.
Main article: Government of Delhi
The National Capital Territory of Delhi has its own Legislative
Assembly, Lieutenant Governor, council of ministers and Chief
Minister. Members of the legislative assembly are directly elected from
territorial constituencies in the NCT. The legislative assembly was
abolished in 1956, after which direct federal control was implemented
until it was re-established in 1993. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi
(MCD) handles civic administration for the city as part of the
Panchayati Raj Act. The Government of Indiaand the Government of
National Capital Territory of Delhi jointly administer New Delhi, where
both bodies are located. The Parliament of India, the Rashtrapati
Bhavan(Presidential Palace), Cabinet Secretariat and the Supreme
Court of India are located in the municipal district of New Delhi. There
are 70 assembly constituencies and seven Lok Sabha (Indian
parliament's lower house) constituencies in Delhi.
[93][94]
The Indian National Congress (Congress) formed all the governments
in Delhi until the 1990s, when the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led
by Madan Lal Khurana, came to power.
[95]
In 1998, the Congress
returned to power under the leadership ofSheila Dikshit, who was
subsequently re-elected for 3 consecutive terms. But in 2013, the
Congress was ousted from power, with the newly formed Aam Aadmi
Party (AAP) led by Arvind Kejriwal forming the government with
outside support from the Congress.
[96]
However, that government was
short-lived, collapsing only after 49 days.
[97]
Currently, Delhi is
under President's rule.
[98]
Economy
Connaught Place in Delhi is an important economic hub of the National Capital
Region
Delhi is the largest commercial centre in northern India; it has an
estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of 1578
billion (US$26 billion) in nominal terms and ~ 6300
billion (US$100 billion) in PPP terms.
[99]
As of 2013, the per capita
income of Delhi was Rs. 210000, highest in India. GSDP in Delhi at
the current prices for 2012-13 is estimated at Rs 3.66 trillion (short
scale) against Rs 3.11 trillion (short scale) in 2011-12.
[100]
As per the Economic survey of Delhi (2005–2006), the tertiary
sector contributes 70.95% of Delhi's gross SDP followed
bysecondary and primary sectors, with 25.20% and 3.85%
contributions respectively.
[101]
Delhi's workforce constitutes 32.82% of
the population, and increased by 52.52% between 1991 and
2001.
[102]
Delhi's unemployment rate decreased from 12.57% in 1999–
2000 to 4.63% in 2003.
[102]
In December 2004, 636,000 people were
registered with various employment exchange programs in Delhi.
[102]
In
2001 the total workforce in national and state governments and the
quasi-government sector was 620,000, and the private sector
employed 219,000.
[102]
Key service industries are information
technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and
tourism.
[103]
Construction, power, health and community services, and
real estate are also important to the city's economy. Delhi has one of
India's largest and fastest growing retail industries.
[104]
Manufacturing
also grew considerably as consumer goods companies established
manufacturing units and headquarters in the city. Delhi's large
consumer market and the availability of skilled labour has attracted
foreign investment. In 2001, the manufacturing sector employed
1,440,000 workers and the city had 129,000 industrial units.
[105]
Utility services
The headquarters of the New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC).
Delhi's municipal water supply is managed by the Delhi Jal
Board (DJB). As of 2005–06, it supplied 650 million gallons per day
(MGD), whereas the estimated consumption requirement is
963 MGD.
[106]
The shortfall is met by private and public tube
wells and hand pumps. At 240 MGD, the Bhakra storage is DJB's
largest water source, followed by the Yamuna and Ganges rivers.
Delhi's groundwater level is falling and its population density is
increasing, so residents often encounter acute water shortage.
[106]
In Delhi, daily domestic solid waste production is 8000 tonnes which is
dumped at three landfilllocations by MCD.
[107]
The daily domestic
waste water production is 470 MGD and industrial waste water is
70 MGD.
[108]
A large portion of the sewage flows untreated into the
Yamuna river.
[108]
The city's electricity consumption is about 1,265 kWh per capita, but
actual demand is higher.
[109]
In Delhi power distribution is managed by
Tata Power Distribution and BSES Rajdhani since 2002. TheDelhi Fire
Service runs 43 fire stations that attend about 15,000 fire and rescue
calls per year.
[110]
The state-owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam
Limited (MTNL) and private enterprises Vodafone,Airtel, Idea
cellular, Reliance Infocomm, Aircel and Tata Docomo provide
telephone and cell phone service to the city. Cellular coverage is
available in GSM, CDMA, 3G and 4G.
Transport
Main article: Transport in Delhi
The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the busiest airport in South
Asia.
[111]
Shown here is Terminal 1D of the airport.
The Delhi Transport Corporationoperates the world's largest fleet ofcompressed
natural gas buses, totalling 9,000.
[79][112]
Anand Vihar Terminal railway station, opened in 2009
The Delhi Metro
The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway, connecting Delhi to the Indira Gandhi
International Airport
Air
Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi,
is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air
traffic. In 2012-13, the airport was used by more than 35 million
passengers,
[113][114]
making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia.
Terminal 3, which cost 96.8 billion (US$1.6 billion) to construct
between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers
annually.
[115]
The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland
Moth aircraft namedDelhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung
Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only
airport and the second in India.
[116]
The airport functioned until 2001,
however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying
activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks
in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft
maintenance courses,
[116]
and is used for helicopter rides to Indira
Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the
prime minister.
[117]
A second airport open for commercial flights has been suggested, by
expansion ofMeerut Airport or construction of a new airport in Greater
Noida.
[118]
Road
Delhi has the highest road density of 2103 km/100 sq. km in India.
Buses are the most popular means of road transport catering to about
60% of Delhi's total demand. Delhi has one of India's largest bus
transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi
Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles
especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on Delhi
roads. Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to
any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis, Auto Rickshaws and Cycle
Rickshaws also ply on Delhi roads in large numbers.
Important Roads in Delhi
Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of Delhi’s
road infrastructure:
Inner Ring Road is one of the most important
"state highways" in Delhi. It is a 51 km long
circular road, which connects important areas
in Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade-
separators/flyovers, the road is almost signal-
free.
Outer Ring Road is another major artery in
Delhi that links far-flung areas of Delhi.
The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway (DND Flyway) is
an eight-laned access controlled tolled
expressway which connects Delhi to Noida (an
important satellite city of Uttar Pradesh). The
acronym DND stands for "Delhi-Noida Direct".
'The Delhi Gurgaon Expressway is a 28 km
(17 mi) expressway connecting Delhi
toGurgaon, an important satellite city
of Haryana.
The Delhi Faridabad Skyway is controlled tolled
expressway which connects Delhi toFaridabad,
an important satellite city of Haryana.
National Highways Passing Through Delhi
Delhi is connected by Road to various parts of the country through
several National highways:
National Highway 1 (India) or (NH 1) is a
National Highway in Northern India that links
the National capital New Delhi to the town of
Attari in Punjab near the Indo-Pakistani border.
National Highway 2 (India) (NH 2), commonly
referred as Delhi-Kolkata Road is a busy Indian
National Highway that runs through the states
of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
National Highway 8 (India) (NH 8), is a National
Highway in India that connects the Indian
capital city of New Delhi with the Indian
Financial capital city of Mumbai.
National Highway 10 (India) (NH 10) is a
National Highway in northern India that
originates at Delhi and ends at the town of
Fazilka in Punjab near the Indo-Pakistani
border.
National Highway 24 ((India) (NH 24) is a
National Highway in India that connects the
National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state
capital Lucknow running 438 kilometers in
length.
Railway
Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the
headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations
are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway
Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla.
[119]
The Delhi
Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro
Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the
neighbouring cities Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August
2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of
189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under
construction.
[120]
The Phase-I was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and
the Phase-II was expected to cost an additional 216
billion(US$3.5 billion).
[121]
Phase-II has a total length of 128 km and
was completed by 2010.
[122]
Delhi Metro completed 10 years of
operation on 25 December 2012. It carries millions of passengers
every day.
[123]
In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway,
the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.
[124]
Metro
The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving
Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National
Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 13th largest metro
system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public
transportation system, which has revolutionised travel by providing a
fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. The network
consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83
miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-
grade, and the remainder are elevated. All stations have escalators,
elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station
entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and
underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge
rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM
Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard
gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge. The Phase-I of Delhi Metro
was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II was expected to
cost an additional 216 billion(US$3.5 billion).
[121]
Phase-II has a total
length of 128 km and was completed by 2010.
[122]
Delhi
Metro completed 10 years of operation on 25 December 2012. It
carries millions of passengers every day.
[123]
In addition to the Delhi
Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.
[124]
Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal
equity participation from Government of India and Government of
National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under
administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government
of India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is
also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail,
monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing
consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as
abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma
Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the Managing Director of DMRC and
popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. He famously resigned
from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse
which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the
prestigious Legion of Honour by the French Government for his
contribution to Delhi Metro.
Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)
The 08 RRTS Corridors have been proposed by National Capital
Region Planning Board (NCRPB) to facilitate the people travelling
from nearby cities in NCR to Delhi. The three main corridors in first
phase are as follows which are expected to become operational
before 2019:
1. Delhi - Alwar via Gurgaon
2. Delhi - Panipat via Sonepat
3. Delhi - Meerut via Ghaziabad
Remaining five corridors are also approved by National Capital Region
Planning Board but are planned in the second phase.
To make the project operational NCRPB has formed a separate body
named as "National Capital Region Transport Corporation on the lines
of DMRC to independently formalise and monitor its progress.
Roads of 2006 and 2007
As of 2007, private vehicles account for 30% of the total demand for
transport.
[119]
Delhi has 1922.32 km of road length per 100 km
2
, one of
the highest road densities in India.
[119]
It is connected to other parts of
India by five National Highways: NH 1,2, 8, 10 and 24. The city's road
network is maintained by MCD, NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board,
Public Works Department (PWD) and Delhi Development
Authority.
[125]
The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway connects Delhi with
Gurgaon and the international airport. "The Delhi-Faridabad
Skyway". connects Delhi with the neighbouring industrial town of
Faridabad. TheDND Flyway and Noida-Greater Noida
Expressway connect Delhi with the suburbs of Noida and Greater
Noida.
[126][127]
Delhi's rapid rate of economic development and
population growth has resulted in an increasing demand for transport,
creating excessive pressure on the city's transport infrastructure. As of
2008, the number of vehicles in the metropolitan region, Delhi NCR, is
11.2 million (11.2 million).
[128]
In 2008, there were 85 cars in Delhi for
every 1,000 of its residents.
[129]
To meet the transport demand, the State and Union government
constructed a mass rapid transit system, including the Delhi
Metro.
[119]
In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered that all public
transport vehicles in Delhi must be fuelled bycompressed natural
gas (CNG).
[130]
Buses are the most popular means of public transport,
catering for about 60% of the total demand.
[119]
The state-owned Delhi
Transport Corporation (DTC) is a major bus service provider which
operates the world's largest fleet of CNG-fuelled buses.
[131]
Delhi Bus
Rapid Transit System runs between Ambedkar Nagar and Delhi Gate.
Demographics
[hide]Population Growth of Delhi
Census Pop. %±
1901 405,819 —
1911 413,851 2.0%
1921 488,452 18.0%
1931 636,246 30.3%
1941 917,939 44.3%
1951 1,744,072 90.0%
1961 2,658,612 52.4%
1971 4,065,698 52.9%
1981 6,220,406 53.0%
1991 9,420,644 51.4%
2001 13,782,976 46.3%
2011 16,753,235 21.6%
source:
[132]
† Huge population rise in 1951 due to large
scale migration after Partition of India in 1947.
The Akshardham temple, the largest Hindu temple complex in the world.
Hinduism is the predominant faith in Delhi.
According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Delhi is
16,753,235.
[132]
The corresponding population density was 11,297
persons per km
2
, with a sex ratio of 866 women per 1000 men, and a
literacy rate of 86.34%. In 2004, the birth rate, death rate and infant
mortality rate per 1000 population were 20.03, 5.59 and 13.08,
respectively.
[133]
In 2001, the population of Delhi increased by 285,000
as a result of migration and by 215,000 as a result of natural
population growth
[133]
– this made Delhi one of the fastest growing
cities in the world. By 2015, Delhi is expected to be the third-largest
conurbation in the world after Tokyo and Mumbai.
[134]
Dwarka Sub City,
Asia's largest planned residential area, is located within the National
Capital Territory of Delhi.
[135]
Others include Christians (0.9%) & Baha'is (0.1%)
Religion in Delhi
[136]
Religion Percent
Hinduism 82.7%
Islam 10%
Sikhism 5%
Jainism 1.1%
Others 1.2%
Hinduism is Delhi's majority religion, with approximately 82.7% of
Delhi's population. The city has large communities of Muslims (10%),
Sikhs (5%), Jains (1.1%), Christians (0.94%) and Baha'i
(0.1%).
[137][138]
Other minority religions
include Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism.
[139]
Hindi, Urdu (Mutual
ly intelligible as Hindi/Urdu) and Punjabi are the official and widely
spoken languages in Delhi,
[140]
Punjabi is also spoken in Delhi's rural
belt. There are many Haryanvi-speaking people in the city.
[141]
English
is the principal written language of the city.
[142]
There is a
sizeable Punjabi and Urdu speaking population. Other
than Hindi,Punjabi and Urdu also have official language status in
Delhi.
[143]
According a 1999–2000 estimate, the total number of people living
below the poverty line, defined as living on US$11 or less per month,
in Delhi was 1,149,000, or 8.23% of the total population, compared to
27.5% of India as a whole.
[144]
52% of Delhi residents who live in
slums
[145]
without basic services like water, electricity, sanitation,
sewage system or proper housing.
[146][147]
In 2005, Delhi accounted for
the highest percentage (16.2%) of the crimes reported in 35 Indian
cities with populations of one million or more.
[148]
The city has the
highest rate of kidnapping and abduction cases with 9.3%; the
national rate is 2.2%.
[149]
Delhi accounts for 15.4% of crime against
women in Indian cities.
[149]
Delhi slum improvement, 1983
Culture
See also: Culture of India
Traditional pottery on display in Dilli Haat
Jama Masjid, India's largest mosque
Delhi's culture has been influenced by its lengthy history and historic
association as the capital of India. This is exemplified by many
significant monuments in the city. Delhi is also identified as the
location of Indraprastha, the ancient capital of thePandavas.
The Archaeological Survey of India recognises 1200 heritage
buildings
[150]
and 175 monuments as national heritage sites.
[151]
In the
Old City, the Mughals and the Turkic rulers constructed several
architecturally significant buildings, such as theJama Masjid – India's
largest mosque
[152]
and the Red Fort. Three World Heritage Sites – the
Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Humayun's Tomb – are located in
Delhi.
[153]
Other monuments include the India Gate, the Jantar Mantar –
an 18th-century astronomical observatory – and the Purana Qila – a
16th-century fortress. TheLaxminarayan temple, Akshardham temple,
the Bahá'í Lotus temple and the ISKCON temple are examples of
modern architecture. Raj Ghat and associated memorialshouses
memorials of Mahatma Gandhi and other notable personalities. New
Delhi houses several government buildings and official residences
reminiscent of British colonial architecture, including the Rashtrapati
Bhavan, the Secretariat, Rajpath, the Parliament of India and Vijay
Chowk. Safdarjung's Tomb is an example of the Mughal
gardens style. Some regal havelis (palatial residences) are in the Old
City.
[154]
Lotus Temple, is a Bahá'í House of Worship completed in 1986.
Notable for its flowerlike shape, it serves as the Mother Temple of the
Indian subcontinent and has become a prominent attraction in the city.
The Lotus Temple has won numerous architectural awards and been
featured in hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles. Like all
other Bahá'í Houses of Worship, is open to all regardless of religion,
or any other distinction, as emphasised in Bahá'í texts. The Bahá'í
laws emphasise that the spirit of the House of Worship be that it is a
gathering place where people of all religions may worship God without
denominational restrictions.
[155]
The Bahá'í laws also stipulate that only
the holy scriptures of the Bahá'í Faith and other religions can be read
or chanted inside in any language; while readings and prayers can be
set to music by choirs, no musical instruments can be played inside.
Furthermore no sermons can be delivered, and there can be no
ritualistic ceremonies practised.
[155]
Chandni Chowk, a 17th-century market, is one of the most popular
shopping areas in Delhi for jewellery and Zari saris.
[156]
Delhi's arts and
crafts include, Zardozi
[157]
– an embroidery done with gold thread –
[158]
and Meenakari
[159]
– the art of enamelling.
[160]
Festivals
The Auto Expo is held biennially atPragati Maidan and India Expo Mart,Greater
Noida. It showcases the Indian automobile industry.
Delhi's association and geographic proximity to the capital, New Delhi,
has amplified the importance of national events and holidays
like Republic Day, Independence Day(15 August) and Gandhi Jayanti.
On Independence Day, the Prime Ministeraddresses the nation from
the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which
are considered a symbol of freedom.
[161]
The Republic Day Parade is a
large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity
and military strength.
[162][163]
Over the centuries, Delhi has become
known for its composite culture, and a festival that symbolises this is
the Phool Walon Ki Sair, which takes place in September. Flowers
and pankhe – fans embroidered with flowers – are offered to the
shrine of 13th century Sufi saint Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki and
theYogmaya temple, both situated in Mehrauli.
[164]
The Pragati Maidan in Delhi hosts the World Book Fair annually.
Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of lights), Mahavir
Jayanti, Guru Nanak's Birthday, Durga
Puja, Holi, Lohri, Chauth,Krishna Janmastami, Maha Shivratri, Eid ul-
Fitr, Moharram and Buddha Jayanti.
[163]
The Qutub Festival is a cultural
event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all
over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as a
backdrop.
[165]
Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International
Mango Festivaland Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held
every year in Delhi. The Auto Expo, Asia's largest auto show,
[166]
is
held in Delhi biennially. The World Book Fair, held biannually at
the Pragati Maidan, is the second largest exhibition of books in the
world.
[167]
Delhi is often regarded as the "Book Capital" of India
because of high readership.
[168]
Cuisine
Main article: Indian cuisine
Rice and Kadai chicken from Delhi
As India's national capital and centuries old Mughal capital, Delhi
influenced the food habits of its residents and is where Mughlai
cuisine originated. Along with Indian cuisine, a variety of international
cuisines are popular among the residents.
[169]
The dearth of food habits
among the city's residents created a unique style of cooking which
became popular throughout the world, with dishes such
as Kebab, biryani,tandoori. The city's classic dishes include Butter
chicken, Aloo Chaat, chaat, dahi vada, kachori,chole
bhature, jalebi and lassi.
[169][170]:40–50, 189–196
The fast living habits of Delhi's people has motivated the growth
of street foodoutlets.
[170]:41
A trend of dining at local dhabas is popular
among the residents. High profile restaurants have gained popularity
in recent years, among the popular restaurants are the Karim Hotel,
the Punjab Grill and Bukhara.
[171]
The Gali Paranthe Wali (the street of
fried bread) is a street in Chandni Chowk particularly for food eateries
since the 1870s. Almost the entire street is occupied by fast food stalls
orstreet vendors. It has nearly become a tradition that almost every
prime minister of India has visited the street to eat parathaat least
once. However, other Indian cuisines are also available in this
area.
[170]:40–50[172]
Education
Main article: Education in Delhi
All India Institute of Medical Sciences is a global leader in medical research and
treatment.
[173]
Private schools in Delhi – which use either English or Hindi as the
language of instruction – are affiliated to one of three administering
bodies, the Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary
Education (NCERT (CBSE))
[174]
or the National Institute of Open
Schooling (NIOS). In 2004–05, approximately
15.29 lakh (1.529 million) students were enrolled in primary schools,
8.22 lakh (0.822 million) in middle schools and 6.69 lakh
(0.669 million) in secondary schools across Delhi.
[175]
Female students
represented 49% of the total enrolment. The same year, the Delhi
government spent between 1.58% and 1.95% of its gross state
domestic product on education.
[175]
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhiis ranked as Asia's fourth-best institute in
science and technology in the year 1999.
[176]
Schools and higher educational institutions in Delhi are administered
either by theDirectorate of Education, the NCT government or private
organisations. In 2006, Delhi had 165 colleges, five medical colleges
and eight engineering colleges,
[175]
seven major universities and
ninedeemed universities.
[175]
Indraprastha Institute of Information
Technology, Delhi Technological University, Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University and National Law University are the only state
universities,
[177]
Indira Gandhi National Open University is for distance
education and the rest are central universities.
[178]
As of 2008, about
16% of all Delhi residents possessed at least a college graduate
degree.
[179]
Media
Pitampura TV Towerbroadcasts programming to Delhi
See also: Media of India
As the capital of India, Delhi is the focus of political reportage,
including regular television broadcasts of Parliament sessions. Many
national media agencies, including the state-ownedPress Trust of
India, Media Trust of India and Doordarshan, is based in the city.
Television programming includes two free terrestrial television
channels offered by Doordarshan, and several Hindi, English and
regional-language cable channels offered by multi system
operators. Satellite television has yet to gain a large quantity of
subscribers in the city.
[180]
Print journalism remains a popular news medium in Delhi. The city's
Hindi newspapers include Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik, Punjab
Kesari, Pavitra Bharat, Dainik Jagran,Dainik Bhaskar and Dainik
Desbandhu.
[181]
Amongst the English language
newspapers, TheHindustan Times, with a daily circulation of over a
million copies, is the single largest daily.
[182]
Other major English
newspapers include Times of India, The Hindu, Indian
Express,Business Standard, The Pioneer and The Asian Age.
Regional language newspapers include the Malayalam daily Malayala
Manorama and the Tamil dailies Dinamalar and Dinakaran.
[181]
Radio is a less popular mass medium in Delhi, although FM radio has
gained popularity
[183]
since the inauguration of several new stations in
2006.
[184]
A number of state-owned and private radio stations
broadcast from Delhi.
[185][186]
Sports
Main article: Sports in Delhi
Delhi has hosted many major international sporting events, including
the first and also the ninth Asian Games,
[187]
the 2010 Hockey World
Cup, the 2010 Commonwealth Games and the 2011 Cricket World
Cup. Delhi lost bidding for the 2014 Asian Games,
[188]
and considered
making a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
[189]
However, sports
minister Manohar Singh Gilllater stated that funding infrastructure
would come before a 2020 bid.
[190]
There are indications of a
possible 2028 bid.
The 2010 Commonwealth Games, which ran from 3 to 14 October
2010, was one of the largest sports event held in India.
[191][192]
The
opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at
the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New
Delhi at 7:00 pm Indian Standard Time on 3 October 2010.
[193]
The
ceremony featured over 8,000 performers and lasted for two and a
half hours.
[194]
It is estimated that 3.5 billion (US$57 million) were
spent to produce the ceremony.
[195]
Events took place at 12
competition venues. 20 training venues were used in the Games,
including seven venues within Delhi University.
[196]
The rugby stadium
in Delhi University North Campus hosted rugby games for
Commonwealth Games.
[196][197]
The mess left behind after the
Commonwealth Games prompted Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to
replace Sports and Youth Affairs minister Manohar Singh Gill with
Ajay Maken in 19 January 2011 Cabinet reshuffle.
[198]
Cricket and football are the most popular sports in Delhi.
[199]
There are
several cricket grounds, or maidans, located across the city.
The Feroz Shah Kotla Ground (known commonly as the Kotla) is one
of the oldest cricket grounds in India and is a venue for international
cricket matches. It is the home ground of the Delhi cricket team, which
represents the city in the Ranji Trophy, the premier Indian
domestic first-class cricket championship.
[200]
The Delhi cricket team
has produced several world-class international cricketers such
as Virender Sehwag, Gautam Gambhir, Virat Kohli, Madan
Lal, Chetan Chauhan andBishan Singh Bedi to name a few.
The Railways and Services cricket teams in the Ranji Trophy also play
their home matches in Delhi, in the Karnail Singh Stadium and
the Harbax Singh Stadium respectively. The city is also home to
the Indian Premier League team Delhi Daredevils, who play their
home matches at the Kotla, and was the home to the Delhi
Giants team (previously Delhi Jets) of the now defunct Indian Cricket
League.
Ambedkar Stadium, a football stadium in Delhi which holds 21,000
people, was the venue for the Indian football team's World Cup
qualifier against UAE on 28 July 2012.
[201]
Delhi hosted the Nehru Cup
in 2007
[202]
and 2009, in both of which India defeated Syria 1–0.
[203]
In
the Elite Football League of India, Delhi's first professional American
football franchise, the Delhi Defenders played its first season
in Pune.
[204]
Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, a suburb of
Delhi, hosts the annual Formula 1 Indian Grand Prix.
[205]
The Indira
Gandhi Arena is also in Delhi.
Delhi is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
World Heritage status
In February 2014, Government of India approved Delhi's bid for World
Heritage City status. The historical city ofShahjahanabad and Lutyens’
Bungalow Zone in New Delhi have been cited in the bid. A team
from UNESCO is scheduled to visit Delhi in September, 2014 to
validate its claims. Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural
Heritage (INTACH) has acted as the nodal agency for the bid.
The announcement of accepted cities will be made in June, 2015.
See also
Book: Delhi
List of tallest buildings in Delhi
List of twin towns and sister cities in India
Outline of India
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Further reading
Economic Survey of Delhi 2005–2006.
Planning Department. Government of National
Capital Territory of Delhi. Retrieved on 12
February 2007
Dalrymple, W (2003). City of Djinns (1 ed.).
Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-200100-4.
Dalrymple, W (2003). Vidhya Society, (2009).
Vidhya Society (NGO) is a leading charitable
organization of Uttar Pradesh (India)
established under society registration act 21-
1860 on the special occasion of World Disable
Year 2009. Director Mr. Pavan Upadhyay
www.vidhyasociety.com (1 ed.). Penguin
Books. ISBN 978-0-14-200100-4.
Prager, D (2013). Delirious Delhi (1 ed.).
Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61145-832-9.
Brown, L (2011). Lonely Planet Rajasthan,
Delhi & Agra (5 ed.). Lonely Planet
Publications. ISBN 978-1-74179-460-1.
Rowe, P; Coster, P (2004). Delhi (Great Cities
of the World). World Almanac
Library. ISBN 978-0-8368-5197-7.
Four-part series on Delhi (30 May – 2 June
2012). "Metrocity Journal: Delhi's Changing
Landscape". The Wall Street Journal.
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