Disorders During Pregnancy
Content
DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY
Geniviel F. Asis, RN Lecturer, Adult Nursing V Kolej Shahputra, Kuantan, Pahang, MY
Hemorrhage
General Management • CBR • Avoid sex • Assess for bleeding (1 pad = 30 – 40cc) (weight – 1gm = 1cc) • Ultrasound to determine integrity of sac • Signs of Hypovolemic shock • Save discharges – for histopathology – to determine if product of conception has been expelled or not
(this could be result to abortion or ectopic)
First Trimester Bleeding
ABORTIONS • Termination of pregnancy before age of viability (before 20 weeks) • Spontaneous Abortion – Miscarriage • Induced Abortion- Therapeutic abortion to save life of mother.
Etiology
• Faulty development of embryo • Abnormalities of placenta • Acute infectious diseases • Severe trauma and shock
Classifications
• Threatened – there is an appearance of signs & symptoms of possible fetal loss; with vaginal bleeding with or without intermittent pain. • Inevitable – Moderate bleeding, cramping, tissue protrudes from the cervix (Cervical dilation /
Types of Abortion
• Complete – All products of conception are expelled
– No nursing management; just emotional support.
• Incomplete – Placental and membranes retained
– Nursing Management: Dilatation & Curettage
• Habitual – 3 or more consecutive pregnancies result in abortion usually related to incompetent cervix. Present 2nd trimester • Missed – fetus dies; product of conception remains in uterus 4 weeks or longer; signs of pregnancy cease. Scanty dark brown bleeding
Nursing Management • Induced labor by administering oxytocin or vacuum extraction
Ectopic Pregnancy
• Occurs when gestation is located outside the uterine cavity. • Common site
– Tubal or Ampular – Dangerous site – Interstitial
Common site
– Tubal or Ampular
Dangerous site – Interstitial
Geniviel F. Asis, RN Lecturer, Adult Nursing V Kolej Shahputra, Kuantan, Pahang, MY
Hemorrhage
General Management • CBR • Avoid sex • Assess for bleeding (1 pad = 30 – 40cc) (weight – 1gm = 1cc) • Ultrasound to determine integrity of sac • Signs of Hypovolemic shock • Save discharges – for histopathology – to determine if product of conception has been expelled or not
(this could be result to abortion or ectopic)
First Trimester Bleeding
ABORTIONS • Termination of pregnancy before age of viability (before 20 weeks) • Spontaneous Abortion – Miscarriage • Induced Abortion- Therapeutic abortion to save life of mother.
Etiology
• Faulty development of embryo • Abnormalities of placenta • Acute infectious diseases • Severe trauma and shock
Classifications
• Threatened – there is an appearance of signs & symptoms of possible fetal loss; with vaginal bleeding with or without intermittent pain. • Inevitable – Moderate bleeding, cramping, tissue protrudes from the cervix (Cervical dilation /
Types of Abortion
• Complete – All products of conception are expelled
– No nursing management; just emotional support.
• Incomplete – Placental and membranes retained
– Nursing Management: Dilatation & Curettage
• Habitual – 3 or more consecutive pregnancies result in abortion usually related to incompetent cervix. Present 2nd trimester • Missed – fetus dies; product of conception remains in uterus 4 weeks or longer; signs of pregnancy cease. Scanty dark brown bleeding
Nursing Management • Induced labor by administering oxytocin or vacuum extraction
Ectopic Pregnancy
• Occurs when gestation is located outside the uterine cavity. • Common site
– Tubal or Ampular – Dangerous site – Interstitial
Common site
– Tubal or Ampular
Dangerous site – Interstitial
