DIY Arduino Home Automation

Smart Home Automation let the user to control the home from his or her phone
and assign actions that should happen depending on time or other sensor
readings such as light, temperature or sound from any device in the Home
Automation network.
WHAT CAN HOME AUTOMATION DO?
Increase your independence and give you greater control of your home
environment.
1.
Make it easier to communicate with your family. 2.
Save you time and effort. 3.
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DIY Smart Home Automation using Android http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-Smart-Home-Automation/?AL...
1 of 11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM
Improve your personal safety. 4.
Reduce your heating and cooling costs. 5.
Increase your home’s energy efficiency. 6.
Alert you audibly and visually to emergency situations. 7.
Allow you to monitor your home while you are away. 8.
Features of our project:
Control upto four home appliances wirelessly (expandable based on free IO
pins).
1.
Monitor status of your home like temperature inside and outside of your
home,light intensity inside and outside of your home, motion (presence) on
the main entrance,LPG leak in the home and status of you main door.
2.
Open/close your main door electrically and wirelessly. 3.
As the android application is password protected ,it automatically adds
security to your home as it can be controlled by the user only.
4.
Automate your indoor lightening, outdoor lightening and fan/AC to switch
ON/OFF automatically when the light intensity and temperature conditions
exceed the programmed threshold values.(This feature, we named it
“SENSOMATE”).
5.
It automatically monitor your home against LPG leaks and cases of fire.If it
detects something wrong, it automatically switches off all home appliances
instantly and immediately opens the door to let the LPG/fire exhaust off your
home.
6.
Has a “SLEEP MODE” , once activated will switch your light off and program
the motion sensor and door sensor to raise alarm if anything goes wrong.
7.
At last, as it uses Bluetooth the user can use the android phone within a
range from 10-100m .
8.
Also, there are many disabled and aged people who always depends on
others for their basic necessities. This application gives them a helping
hand. With this application, user can use the electrical appliances in his room
without moving anywhere or without seeking anyone’s help, the user himself
feels a little independent.With this application the user can monitor and operate
home appliances, make themselves feel secure with the help of motion sensor,
give alarm to the guardian at times of emergency, check indoor and outdoor
temperatures - or use this option as a digital thermometer, Enable/Disable
Automatic AC control, Enable/Disable Automatic Room light control and monitor
windows/doors.
[The project shown here is more a prototype,but it is fully tested and
working and ready to be implemented in realtime]
[Please vote for me,if you like my work.]
Step 1: What we proposed : The solution
Home automation can allow you to make the things that you need and do in your
home easier to accomplish. Perhaps you want to control your security system?
Or, perhaps you want to voice automate the lights in your home so that you can
get into bed and then turn the lights out. Or, perhaps you want to be able to
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2 of 11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM
control your sound system from any place in your home. No matter what it is you
are looking to accomplish, home automation products are probably available to
help you to make it happen. A typical home automation system allows one to
control house hold appliances from a centralized control unit. These appliances
include lights, fans, air conditioners, television sets, security cameras, electronic
doors, computer systems, audio/visual equipment, etc. These appliances usually
have to be specially designed to be compatible with each other and with the
control unit for most commercially available home automation systems.
The project Smart Home Automation, demonstrates a system that can be
integrated into a home/building’s electrical system and allows one to wirelessly
control lights, fans, and turn on or off any appliance that is plugged into a wall
outlet. The system can be controlled from a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi enabled device
such as a mobile phone or laptop, while a microcontroller powered box act as
the server. Thus the installation cost and hardware cost is kept to a minimum as
most users already own the requisite hardware such as a mobile phone and
desktop PC.
A Bluetooth dongle or a standard Wireless Access Point is used to provide
connectivity between the server and the mobile device. The system is capable of
detecting when the user enters or leaves the room by measuring the change in
environmental thermal equilibrium, and can accordingly turn on or off appliances
such as lights and fans. The power supply for each appliance is wired through
an electromechanical relay. A number of relays are used depending on the
number of appliances to be controlled. All the relays are controlled by a
microcontroller. The microcontroller based host acts as the mmain server.. The
server can also receive connections over the internet and can be controlled from
a remote location. This opens up many possibilities. For example, one could
remotely turn on the air conditioner from the office before leaving so that the
room is cool before reaching home. Home automation can range in complexity
from the simple gadgets and gizmos that provide control over individual
components to individual home sub-systems and integrated whole house
systems.
The project:
Use five sensors to monitor the state of home namely temperature, light
intensity,motion, LPG leak and door/window status.
1.
Use a host device that will be mounted on wall and will have connection to all
your home appliances like lights, fans, etc and to all the sensors.
2.
Use “ANDROID” based smartphone, tablets as the user interface and control
panel.
3.
The ANDROID client will use bluetooth to wirelessly connect to the host
device.
4.
Simply logging in the android application will grant access to the user to
control and automate his home wirelessly.
5.
Step 2: BLOCK DIAGRAM
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The block diagram of the project is shown if figure above. The main heart of the
project that do all data processing and decision making is the microcontroller.
Here it serves the purpose of data acquisition from the sensors and comparing
then with the programmed values stored in the microcontroller’s EEPROM and
then actuating the devices accordingly. A 16x2 character LCD is used for
displaying the messages, appliance state and sensor readings. It is directly
connected to the microcontroller in 4-bit addressable mode. Whenever a new
action or event is raised like fire alarm, LPG leak, etc it is displayed on the LCD
too. Next we have the Bluetooth UART module connected to the serial port of
the microcontroller. It act as an access point for the android client on the another
side and logically it act as complete serial cable replacement for the serial port.
The data is exchanged serially between the two devices. A LINK status pin to
the microcontroller from the Bluetooth UART tells it that the android client is
successfully connected to the host. Next, to control two light one inside and
other outside the home , a fan/AC and a television we have four relays
connected to the microcontroller via the NPN transistor based buffer circuit. The
relays consume a lot current while being activated and the microcontroller on
any pin can source only 20mA of current so a buffer circuit is utmost
indispensable between the relay and the controller.
There are five types of sensors used in the project those are being directly
interfaced to the microcontroller. To sense the light intensity we use two LDR
sensors that is light dependent resistors interfaced to the ADC input of the
microcontroller. To sense the temperature we used two solid state
semiconductor temperature sensors from analog devices also interfaced to the
ADC input of the microcontroller. To sense the LPG leak in the home we used
the MQ-5 LPG sensor and it is interface to the ADC input of the microcontroller.
After them, we used a hook switch to sense the door whether it is opened or
closed. This sensor is connected to the digital input of the microcontroller pulled
up externally. To sense the presence and motion we used the PIR (Pyroelectric
InfraRed) sensor that has a digital output and it is also connected to the digital
input of the microcontroller pulled up externally. The main door is driven by the
geared DC motor and as it has to close and open the door, it has to be moved
bi-direcionally. To do so, we used the NPN transistor based H-bridge
bidirectional motor driver circuit interfaced to the digital output of the
microcontroller. The microcontroller can digitally control the motion and direction
of the motor to open and close the door. A software feedback is implemented
between the motor and the door hook sensor output so that when the door
reaches its max position and is being shut the motor stops driving the motor to
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prevent any damage.
Step 3: The Circuit Diagram
The circuit diagram of the project is shown above in figure above. The starting
from the power supply section, we have the 9V AC input from the secondary
output of the transformer. This is the fed to the bridge rectification section that
converts AC supply into DC supply. This is done by four 1N4007, 1 A diodes in
bridge configuration. Then on the DC output of this section a large capacitor
(1000uF, 16V) and another small 100nF capacitor is there to filter the DC supply
and remove off all AC components from it. This is because here we are
operating pre digital circuitry that fails to operate on unregulated and unfiltered
supply. After the DC supply is being filtered as it is unregulated is turned into a
regulated 5V DC supply using LM7805 regulator. Again after that a small 100nF
capacitor is there to filter the regulated DC supply. A regulated 3.3 volt supply is
also derived from another regulator that is the UA78M33 whose input is fed from
the regulated 5V output of the LM7805 voltage regulator. Regulated 5 volt
supply is needed to drive the microcontroller, relays and all the sensors, while a
regulated 3.3 volt is required by the Bluetooth UART module to operate. After
that the regulated supply is fed to all the sensors ,relays and the microcontroller.
There are five types of sensors used in the project those are being directly
interfaced to the microcontroller. To sense the light intensity we use two LDR
sensors that is light dependent resistors interfaced to the ADC input of the
microcontroller. One pin of the LDR is connected to Vcc via a 330K resistor and
other tied to ground. This creates a potential difference in between of the circuit
and is fed to pin A.3 and A.2 of the microcontroller respectively. To sense the
temperature we used two solid state semiconductor temperature sensors from
analog devices also interfaced to the ADC input of the microcontroller. The two
pins are connected to the power supply to power the sensors and the third pin is
the output pin is connected to the ADC7 and ADC6 channel of the
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microcontroller. To sense the LPG leak in the home we used the MQ-5 LPG
sensor and it is interface to the ADC5 channel input of the microcontroller. When
an LPG leak is detected the output of the LPG sensor decrease gradually and
that is being sensed by the ADC of the microcontroller. After them, we used a
hook switch to sense the door whether it is opened or closed. This sensor is
connected to the digital input pin D.7 of the microcontroller pulled up
externally.Whe the door is closed, the hook switch is closed and the output is
logic low as it bypasses the ground. When the door is open, the hool switch is
also open and it bypasses logic1 throught 10k resistor to the output. To sense
the presence and motion we used the PIR (Pyroelectric InfraRed) sensor that
has a digital output and it is also connected to the digital input (pinA.4) of the
microcontroller pulled up externally. When a motion is detected ,the output goes
high for a few seconds and comes back to low in case of absence of motion.
The main door is driven by the geared DC motor and as it has to close and open
the door, it has to be moved bi-direcionally. To do so, we used the four BC107
NPN transistor based H-bridge bidirectional motor driver circuit interfaced to the
digital output of the microcontroller. The microcontroller can digitally control the
motion and direction of the motor to open and close the door. To display
messages and sensor values a 16x2 character LCD is used in 4 bit mode to
portB of the microcontroller.
The H-bridge circuit is used to drive a DC motor in both the directions. It can
also use relays to function but here we used the BJT based one. It comprises of
four BC107 NPN transistors as shown in figure 2. The two transistor T1 and T2
are in series and those T3 and T4 are also in series. The base of all four
transistors are protected y current limiting resistors R1-R4. The prevent
damaging the transistors. The base signals of T1 and T4 are the same and that
of T3 and T2 are also the same. The operation is simple that when Sig1 is logic
1 and Sig 2 is logic 0, it will turn ON T1 and T4 and will turn the motor in one
direction same if we reverse the input logics, the motor will go in reverse
direction. All four transistors are used as simple switches here.
Step 4: 5 PCB FOR THE PROJECT
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The PCB for the project is designed in EAGLE layout designer. The schematic is
designed in the schematic editor and the board is designed in the board editor.
The simple TONER TRANSFER METHOD is used here to develop PCB at
home.
PCB.zip (/files/orig/FW1/2S8J/HQBBDL73/FW12S8JHQBBDL73.zip)158 KB
Step 5: Microcontroller code and algorithm used !!
The algorithm that is driving the code on the microcontroller is a multi-tasking
algorithm. It has three basic functions, first is the main function to read all
sensors and actuate the actuators according to the programmed threshold
values. Next is the timely updating of the LCD display and the transmission of
encoded string serially to the android client if the android client is present. The
last task is to check the input serial buffer for commands from the android client
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and process them accordingly.
When the microcontroller is powered up it reads the eeprom for recovery of all
programmed sensomate values and device states that whether which device
was ON/OFF the last time the power failed. Then after recovery, it read all the
sensor readings and process them accordingly in meaningfull values. After that
the microcontroller checks the sensor readings against the programmed
sensomate values and turns ON/OFF the appliances accordingly. The checking
of fire occurance and LPG leak is done here in this main loop only. If there is a
sign of fire or LPG leak, the microcontroller automatically switches off all the
appliances and open the door to exhaust the gases and reduce emergency
cricality. The sleep mode is also processed here in this loop. If the sleep mode is
activated and motion is detected or someone open the door, the alarm fires and
alert the user.
In the second loop, the microcontroller runs timer0 in interrupt mode and approx
every 1.5 seconds it updates the LCD for sensor values and device states. The
presence of the Bluetooth link is also displayed here. Also the microcontroller
sends the encoded system status in a string serially to the bluetooth UART if the
link is present. It is done every 0.8 second approximately. This loop is repeated
infinitely as that of the main loop.
The third section programs the serial receive complete interrupt and thus
whenever a serial command is received from the android client, it processes it
here and actuate the command. This is again an infinite procedure and
microcontroller keeps on sensing the arrival of new command.
The transmission and reception of commands to and from the android client is
done wholesomely in ASCII code.
Microcontroller code_FINAL.zip (/files/orig/FKE/GNRR/HQBBDL50
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Step 6: The Android Application
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The application for the android smartphone is wriiten completely in
BASIC4ANDROID. BASIC4ANDROID is a BASIC high level language.
Basic4android is a simple yet powerful development environment that targets
Android devices.
Basic4android language is similar to Visual Basic language with additional
support for objects.Basic4android compiled applications are native Android
applications, there are no extra runtimes or dependencies. Unlike other IDEs
Basic4android is 100% focused on Android development. Basic4android
includes a powerful GUI designer with built-in support for multiple screens and
orientations. No XML writing is required. You can develop and debug with the
Android emulator or with a real device (USB connected or over the local
network). Basic4android has a rich set of libraries that make it easy to develop
advanced applications.
The android application so designed is fully applicable of controlling your home.
There are a total of six screens including the screen containing the authors
name. The application is a little bit voice acknowledged. Whenever you click on
the help menus, it tells you about the particular with the voice acknowledgemnt
too.
FIG 1 This screen displays a boot animation on startup when you click the
Smarthome application icon. Along with the animation, an audio message and
welcome can be heared in the background.
FIG 2 This is the manual appliance control screen. Here you can manually turn
ON/OFF each appliance individually or can simultaneously switch all ON/OFF in
one go.
The particular device so controlled manually will disable its sensomate feature
automatically. The button label shown in blue shows the status of the device.
FIG 3 This is the sensors monitoring window. From here you can see all the
sensor readings and also save them in a text file in the ROOT/smarthome folder
of your android smartphone. You can activate/deactivate the sleep mode from
here only.
FIG 4 With this window ,you can check the status of your door whether it is
open/close. You can also open or close the door from here.
FIG 5,6 From this Sensomate (Sense and automate) window, you can program
the threshold values for your two lights and fan. You can also program your
motion sensor to raise an alarm if it detects a motion.
FIG 7 This is the settings window. From here you can turn Bluetooth ON/OFF
manually. You can manually connect to the android host from the paired list. You
can change the login password here and program the threshold value for the fire
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Make Comment
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12 days ago Reply (CR2TUT6HRTWK1MZ)
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13 days ago Reply (CTUKSLTHRS60J5E)
alarm to raise.
FIG 8 This screen displays the author involved in developing the application.
The android app currently supports 320x240 resolution screens,but with a
simple designer code script it can be modified to suit any screen size.
App.7z (/files/orig/FST/W5MO/HQBE5NHJ/FSTW5MOHQBE5NHJ.7z)6 MB
KOTSOS5 (/member/KOTSOS5/)
Perfect! Too bad you didn’t use Arduino. I mean I know this project can be done
with Arduino since it uses ATmega chip, but too bad i don’t have the programming
skills to do it, thank you anyways your instructable was very educational.
mxain (/member/mxain/)
Which microcontroller is used in this project??
abhishek7xavier (/member/abhishek7xavier/) (author) mxain
ATMEA16 ,u can also use
ATMEGA32/64
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