Drug Endings[1] 2

DRUG NOMENCLATURE SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES
If it contains … -OLOL It is probably… Beta Blockers (Adrenergic Antagonists) (decreases excitability of heart, workload, and O2 consution.) Examples Atenolol, Propanolol, Metoprolol, Carvdilol, Sodalol
•

• •
Benazepril, Captopril, Moexipril, Quinapril, Lisinopril •

-PRIL

ACE Inhibitors (Antihypertensives)

• •

Comments DO NOT D/C ABRUPTLY, Don’t give with asthma USE: Heart Conditions (A-fib, Tachy, HTN) SE: Gastric pain, Brady/Tachy, Dysrhythmias, Acute HF, Depression, Dizziness NO POTASSIUM USE: HTN, CHF SE: Tachy, MI, Gastric Irritation, Proteinuria Orthostatic Hypotension, Cough

-SARTAN -DIPINE

Angiotensin-II Receptor Antagonists Calcium Channel Blockers

Candesartan, Losartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan Amlodipine, Felodipine, Isradipine, Nifedipine

• USE: HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic nephropathy • SE: Angioedema, Renal Failure, Othro HoTN • USE: Angina, HTN, Dysrhythmias • SE: Dizziness, Headache, Nervousness,
Edema, angina, Brady, AV block

NITR-

Nitrate (Vasodilator); Antianginal

Nitroglycerine (Nitro-Dur, Nitrostat, Nitrogaurd)

• SE: HoTN, Tachycardia, Headache, Dizziness,
Syncope, Rash • Angina Management Education

-ASE

Thrombolytics (Clot-Busters)

Reteplase (Retavase), Ateplase (Activase), t-PA, Anistreplase (Eminase) Streptokinase

• USE: MI, DVT, PE • SE: Bleeding, Bradycardia • DO NOT USE: >75, on anticoagulants, trauma
w/in 2 months

-VASTATIN

Antilipemics (Anti-Cholesterol)

Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Simvastatin

• SE: Myopathy, Increase Liver Enzymes • USE: Decrease LDL, Causes Peripheral
Vasodilation. • Grapefruit May Increase Effects

-STATIN

HmG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (antilipemics)

Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Lipitor

• SE: Myopathy, Increase Liver Enzymes

• ANTIBIOTICS

**FIRST SIGN OF ALLERGIC RXN: Shortness of Breathe

CEF-

Cephalosporins (Antibiotics)

Cefadroxil, Cefaclor, Cefixime, Ceftibuten **can cause false positive of protein and glucose in urine** Cephalexin, Cephapirin, Cephradine Penicillin Methicillin, Ampicillin

• Cross allergies with Penicillins • Take with empty stomach

• SE: Nausea, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Abdominal
Pain, Superinfection, Rash, Anaphylaxis • Cross allergies with Penicillins

CEPH-CILLIN

Cephalosporins (Antibiotics) Penicillins (Antibiotics)

• SE: N&V, Skin rashes, Diarrhea, Allergic Rxn,
Renal Hepatic Abnormalities • Safest Antibiotic available • Penicillin+Aminoglycosides= Inactive • Check if allergic to Cephalosporins

-CYCLINE -FLOXACIN

Tetracyclines (Antibiotics) Fluoroquinolones (Antibiotics)

Demeclocycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin

• SE: Photosensitivity, GI upset, Dental

discoloration, Renal Hepatic Abnormalities

• SE: Seizures, GI Upset, Rash • Increases BUN, AST, ALT, Cr, Akaline
Phosphatase. Decreases WBC, Hct • DRINK FLUIDS

-MICIN

Aminoglycosides (Antibiotics)

Gentamicin (Garamycin) **Tx infections of CNS, GI, Bone, E-coli

• SE: Ototoxicity!! Nephrotoxicity, Anorexia,
N&V, Diarrrhea • Do NOT mix with Penicillins N&V, Diarrrhea

-MYCIN

Aminoglycosides/Macrolides (Antibiotics); Bacteriostatic Inhibitor

Erythromycin, Tobramycin, Vancomycin **Erythro used prophylactic for Dentist.

• SE: Ototoxicity!! Nephrotoxicity, Anorexia, • USE: Pts w/Penicillin allergy can use this
• CHECK BUN and CR

SULF-CICLOVIR -CYCLOVIR -VIR

Sulfonamides (Antibiotics) Antivirals Antivirals Antivirals

Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethazole, Sulfisoxazole, TmpSmz Acyclovir, Valacyclovir Abacivir, Zanamivir

• SE: N&V, Headache, GI disturbances, Allergic
Rash

• SE: Headache, Rash, Nephrotoxicity, Granulocytopenia, Thrombocytopenia

• DIURETICS -ACTONE -THIAZIDE -MIDE

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Potassium-Losing Diuretics Loop-Diurteic

Aldactone, Spironolactone Benzthiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide Furosemide (Lasix), Bumetamide (Bumex)

• SE: HyperKalemia, HypoNatremia, Hepatic
and Renal damage, Tinnitus Vision, Dry mouth, HoTN

• SE: HypoKalemia, Hyperglycemia, Blurred
• Potassium Wasting

-PRESSIN • CNS EFECTS -PAM -LAM

Anti-Diuretic

Vasopressin, Ddavp

• For HEART problems

Benzodiazepines (Antianxiety), Anticonvulsant

Diazepam (Valium) , Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Alprazolam, Midazolam

• NO ALCOHOL, Check AST, ALT • SE: Drowsiness, Confusion, Tachycardia,
Hypotension

-BARBITAL

Barbiturates (Sedative-Hypnotics)

Amobarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital, Phenobarbital (Anticonvulsant) Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Protriptyline (Eavil, Norpramin, Sinequan) Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil) Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft), Venalafaxine (Effexor) Promethazine (Phenergan), Meclizine, Thiethyperazine maleate (Torecan) *Phenergan used for motion sickness Cyclohexane, Ethane, Fluorane Bupivacaine, Cocaine, Lidocaine, Xylocaine Famciclovir, Ganciclovir Pancuronium, Pipecuronium, Rocuronium

• USE: CNS Depressant, Anxiety, Panic • SE: Cardio depression, Resp depression,
Anemia

-TRIPTYLINE -TINE -INE -ZINE

Tricyclics (Antidepressants) SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) Antidepressants Phenothiazines (Antipsychotics, Antiemetics)

• USE: Seizures (Pheno) • SE: Sedation, Blurred Vision, Diaphoresis,
N&V, Constipation

• SE: Palpitations, N&V, Brady, Diarrhea,

nervousness, insomnia, constipation •Can effect Digoxin, Coumadin and Valium

• SE: Drowsy, Sedation, Anticholinergic effects
• May take several weeks to work • Does NOT cause dependence

-ANE -CAINE -CURIUM -CURONIUM • GENERAL -LONE -PROFEN -SONE

General Anesthetics Local Anesthetics Neuromuscular Blockers Neuromuscular Blockers

Corticosteroids (Anti-Inflammatory) NSAIDS (Anti-Inflammatory) Corticosteroids (Anti-Inflammatory)

Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen Cortisone, Dexamethasone, Prednisone (SE:Euphoria, Insomnia, Peptic Ulcer, Acute Adrenal Insufficiency) Methylprednisone (Solu-Medrol), Hydrocortison (Solu-Cortef)

• USE: Adrenal Insufficiency, COPD,

Leukemia, Head trauma, Inflammation, increases blood sugar, cause osteoporosis, check electrolyte imbalance withdrawal= Addisonian. Psychoses, depressions, wt gain, Hypokalemia, Hypocalemia, Buffalo Hump

• Complication: retards wound healing, • SE: Overdosage = Cushing’s, Abrupt

-ERGOT-

Ergotamines (Anti-Migraine)

Ergotamine, Dihydroxyergotamine

-TRIPTAN -INE -ZOLINE -TEROL -DINE -CALCI-TERONE

Anti-Migraines Stimulants Nasal Decongestants Bronchodilators Antihistamines Calcium & Vitamin D Supplements Androgen, Anabolic Steroids

Naratriptan, Rizatriptan Amphetamine, Caffeine, Terbutaline, Theophylline Oxymetazoline, Zylometazoline Albuterol, Bitolterol, Levalbuterol, Pirbuterol Loratidine (Claritin), Fexofenadine Calciferol, Calcitrol, Ergocalciferol Progesterone, Testosterone • Sedation, • Anticholinergic Effects • Increase Liver Function, High Cholesterol • Thromboembolic Disorder, Increase/Decrease Libido, Cancer •

-SETRON

5-Ht3 Receptor Antagonists (Antiemetics)

Dolansetron, Granisetron, Ondansetron (Zofran)

• USE: Admin 30 mins before chemo • SE: Drowsiness, Orthostatic HoTN, Diplopia,
Photosensitivity

• DISEASES -NAVIR -VUDINE -AZOSIN RIFA-AZOLE

HIV/AIDS Antivirals HIV/AIDS Antivirals Alpha Blockers (Adrenergic Antagonists) Antituberculars Antifungals

Amprenavir, Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zidovudine Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin Rifamate, Rifampin (RIF), Rifapentine, Rifater INH, PZA Butoconazole, Econazole, Fluconazole (Mycostatin, Diflucan, Fungizone) Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Mefloquine Metronidazole

• •

• SE: Hepatitis, Seizure, Optic neuritis, Fever • Orange Urine • USE: Systemic fungal infections • SE: Hepatotoxicity, Thrombocytopenia,
Leukopenia, Pruritus

-QUINE -ZOLE

Antiparasitics Antiprotozoals

• SE: GI prob. (Metallic Taste, N/V) • CNS: Ataxia, Seizure STOP med • Inhibits Inactivation of Warfarin

• OTHER -DRONATE -MIDE

Biphosphonates (Bones) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Alendronate (Fosamax), Etidronate, Pamidronate, Risedronate Furosemide, Sulfonamide, Acetazolamide

Treats bone diseases. (Alendronate- Osteoporitis) (Etidronate- Paget’s Disease) • USE: Monitor BP

-AFIL -PRAZOLE -TIDINE -STINE -STIGMINE

Impotence Agent, Phosphoerase Inhibitor Proton Pump Inhibitors (Anti-Ulcer) H2 Receptor Antagonists (Anti-Ulcer) Antineoplastics (Anti-Tumor) Cholinergics

Sildenafil, Viagra Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine, Ranitidine Carmustine, Lomustine, Vinblastine, Vincristine Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine

• SE: MI, Report headaches • Do NOT give with Nitrate Hypotension
Take with meals

VERAPAMIL, SIMVASTATIN, BUSPAR, CARBAMAZEPINE (Tegretol)  Interact w/ Grapefruit Juice. CHLORIDIAZEPOXIDE (Librium)  Benzodiazpine… Tx of Severe Anxiety and management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. SE: Drowsiness, Blurred Vision, Constipation, Slurred Speech, Dermatitis, Polyuria, Thromboctopenia, Give with milk to decrease GI LITHIUM  Used to control Manic episodes of Bipolar. SE: Dizziness, Headache, Fine Hand Tremors, Impaired Vision, Leukocytosis, Decreases sodium. Toxicity: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Muscle Weakness, Drowsiness, Ataxia. ANTACIDS (Maalox) 1 hour before or after meals HISTAMINE RECEPTOR SITE ANTAGONIST (Cimetidine, ranitidine) Take with meals ANTICHOLINERGICS (Pro-Banthine) Give 30 mins before meals (never with glaucoma) CYTOPROTECTIVE AGENTS (Carafate) Give 1 hour before meals MAOI  can’t have aged cheese, T…

MED/ DRUG Barbituates Phenobarbital, Nembutal

SYMPTOMS OF ABUSE • • • • • • • • • • • • • Respiratory depression Decreased BP & Pulse Coma, Ataxia, Seizures Nystagmus Poor muscle coordination Altered LOC Respiratory depression Euphoria, then anxiety Seizures, Hyperpyrexia, v Ventricular Dysrhythmias Pinpoint pupil (Overdose) Coma

SYMPTOMS OF WITHDRAWAL • • • • • Anxiety Insomnia Tremors Delirium Convulsions

NURSING CONSIDERATION • AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS • Start IV w/ Large needle • Give Sodium Bicaronate  promotes excretion • Give activated charcoal Gastric lavage • Hemodialysis • • • • • • • AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS Control Seizures Tx for hypothermia Start IV w/ Large needle(Glucose bolus) Have Lidocaine and defibrillator ready Give Narcan to reverse Resp Depression Hemodialysis

Narcotics Morphine, Heroin, Codeine, Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone (detox and maintenance)

• • • • • • •

Watery eyes, Runny nose Loss of appetite Irritability, Tremors Panic, Cramp Elevated BP Hallucinations Chills and Sweat

Stimulants Cocaine, Amphetamine, Benzedrine, Dexedrine

• • • • • • •

Tachy & Increase BP Tachypnea Anxiety, Irritability, Agitation Insomnia, Seizure, Coma, Euphoria, N&V, Rapid speech Hallucination Nasal Septum Perforation

• • • •

Apathy Long periods of sleep Irritability Depression, Disorientation

• AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS • Start IV, Use cardiac Monitoring • Give activated charcoalgastric lavage (if PO) • Monitor for suicidal ideation, Keep in calm environment

Cannabis Derivatives Marijuana Hashish

• Relaxed inhibitions • Increased appetite • Disoriented behavior • • • • Nystagmus Marked confusion, Incoherence, Delirium, Hallucinations, Mania Hyperactivity, Distorted body image, Selfinjury, HTN, hyperthermia, Flashbacks, Convulsions, Coma

• Overdose: Fatigue, Paranoia, Psychosis,
Euphoria, Insomnia • Hyperactivity • Decreased Appetite • NONE

• Most effects disappear in 5-8 hrs as drug wears off • May cause Psychosis • • • • • • AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS Control Seizures “Talk down” patient Reduce sensory stimuli Small doses of Valium Check for trauma, protect from selfinjury

Hallucinogens LSD (acid) PCP (angel dust) Mescaline

• Overdose: LSD Psychosis, Brain

Damage, Death. • PCP HTN crisis, CVA, Seizure, Resp Arrest