Earth Science Final Exam Review Sheet
Content
Earth Science Final Exam Review Sheet
1. How does heat transfer occur as a result of density differences – through the process of convection. 2. Wind speed at earth’s surface is determined as a result of pressure gradient 3. Ocean currents can be warm or cold. They bring cold or warm water to a particular region. 4. High and low pressure systems are determined by the wind belts that surround the globe based on the planetary winds (see ESRT page 14). On the planetary wind diagram, the word “Dry” is associated with High Pressure system and the word “Wet” is associated with Low Pressure system. 5. As air rises over a mountain, it will expand and cool leading to precipitation. 6. As the moon revolves around the earth, it creates high and low tides of the oceans. The highest tides will be during the phases of New Moon and Full Moon. 7. Stars are characterized on the basis of its color, luminosity and temperature. 8. As the Moon orbits the Earth and the Earth orbits the Sun, we have eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the sun is obstructed by the moon and a lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is obstructed by the earth. 9. The altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on March 21, compare to the altitude on June 21. It will be 23 ½ degrees higher in June. 10. The difference in air pressure is created by difference in wind speed. The stronger the wind speed, the lower the pressure. 11. Relative Humidity and Dew point temperature is determined using a Sling Psychrometer. The readings can be made directly from the instrument. By reading the wet and dry bulb temperature, you can use the ESRT chart to determine RH or DP. 12. There are three types of plate boundaries. The symbols dictate the type of plate boundary it is (see ESRT page 5). 13. Minerals are characterized by their physical properties. For example, the harder a mineral is, the more resistant it will be to abrasion. 14. A landscape is the type of land feature that describes an area. You have features such as mountains, plains and plateau. Mountains are high elevation made up of metamorphic rocks, plains are flat areas of sediementary rocks and plateaus are flat areas at the top of a high elevation made up of sedimentary rocks. 15. Polaris is the north star seen only in the northern hemisphere. The altitude of Polaris is always the same as the latitude of the observer. 16. The motion of the Moon around the earth and the earth around the sun occur in cyclic and predictable patterns. 17. The moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth at the same speed that’s why only one side of the moon is visible. 18. A Half-life is the time it takes for one-half of a material to decay and turn into a new material. For example, the half life of Carbon 14 is 5700 years. 19. The greater the gradient of a river, the faster it will flow. As a river slows down, it creates more deposition and starts to bend or meander. As water flows over sediments it will cause the shape to become rounded. 20. A map profile is a side view of what a particular land area looks like.
21. Isolines are lines drawn on a map to show equal field values. For example, on a weather map, lines of equal temperature are called isotherms. 22. To prepare for a snow storm, a resident can stock up on food and other supplies such as batteries, flashlights etc. 23. Winds blow clockwise and outward around a high pressure and counterclockwise and inward around a low pressure. 24. In order for clouds to form, there must be particles in the air such as salt and dust which are called condensation nuclei. 25. Temperature decreases with an increase in latitude and altitude (height above sea level).
1. How does heat transfer occur as a result of density differences – through the process of convection. 2. Wind speed at earth’s surface is determined as a result of pressure gradient 3. Ocean currents can be warm or cold. They bring cold or warm water to a particular region. 4. High and low pressure systems are determined by the wind belts that surround the globe based on the planetary winds (see ESRT page 14). On the planetary wind diagram, the word “Dry” is associated with High Pressure system and the word “Wet” is associated with Low Pressure system. 5. As air rises over a mountain, it will expand and cool leading to precipitation. 6. As the moon revolves around the earth, it creates high and low tides of the oceans. The highest tides will be during the phases of New Moon and Full Moon. 7. Stars are characterized on the basis of its color, luminosity and temperature. 8. As the Moon orbits the Earth and the Earth orbits the Sun, we have eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the sun is obstructed by the moon and a lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is obstructed by the earth. 9. The altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on March 21, compare to the altitude on June 21. It will be 23 ½ degrees higher in June. 10. The difference in air pressure is created by difference in wind speed. The stronger the wind speed, the lower the pressure. 11. Relative Humidity and Dew point temperature is determined using a Sling Psychrometer. The readings can be made directly from the instrument. By reading the wet and dry bulb temperature, you can use the ESRT chart to determine RH or DP. 12. There are three types of plate boundaries. The symbols dictate the type of plate boundary it is (see ESRT page 5). 13. Minerals are characterized by their physical properties. For example, the harder a mineral is, the more resistant it will be to abrasion. 14. A landscape is the type of land feature that describes an area. You have features such as mountains, plains and plateau. Mountains are high elevation made up of metamorphic rocks, plains are flat areas of sediementary rocks and plateaus are flat areas at the top of a high elevation made up of sedimentary rocks. 15. Polaris is the north star seen only in the northern hemisphere. The altitude of Polaris is always the same as the latitude of the observer. 16. The motion of the Moon around the earth and the earth around the sun occur in cyclic and predictable patterns. 17. The moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth at the same speed that’s why only one side of the moon is visible. 18. A Half-life is the time it takes for one-half of a material to decay and turn into a new material. For example, the half life of Carbon 14 is 5700 years. 19. The greater the gradient of a river, the faster it will flow. As a river slows down, it creates more deposition and starts to bend or meander. As water flows over sediments it will cause the shape to become rounded. 20. A map profile is a side view of what a particular land area looks like.
21. Isolines are lines drawn on a map to show equal field values. For example, on a weather map, lines of equal temperature are called isotherms. 22. To prepare for a snow storm, a resident can stock up on food and other supplies such as batteries, flashlights etc. 23. Winds blow clockwise and outward around a high pressure and counterclockwise and inward around a low pressure. 24. In order for clouds to form, there must be particles in the air such as salt and dust which are called condensation nuclei. 25. Temperature decreases with an increase in latitude and altitude (height above sea level).
