Electronic Mosquito Repellent by Yash.pdf

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PAPER WORK
ON
ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLENT

PREPARED BYYASH SONI

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Abstract
Control of mosquitoes is something of utmost importance in the present day with rising number of
mosquito borne illness. Specially products like mosquito repellant used to combat mosquitos are
required. This project proposal presents the design and testing of an electronic mosquito repellant.
The project is aimed at developing a device that is capable of emitting ultrasonic energy is varied
frequencies. These frequencies do affect the auditory senses of pests such as mosquitoes, rodents,
avian and nocturnal insects by making them uncomfortable in their abode. However, these
frequencies do not affect the hearing ability of humans. The mosquito repellant circuit generates an
ultrasonic sound with a high output frequency that allows spreading mosquitoes within a wide
radius. The circuit is quite simple and require few external components. The oscillation frequency
is given by the value of the resistors and capacitor components.
The actual oscillation frequency of this electronic mosquito repellent is above 20 KHz so what is
needed is a good high frequency speaker, example being a piezo speaker.
The electronic mosquito repellent circuit can be supplied from a 1.5 V DC power supply.

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1.0 CHAPTER ONE
1.1.1 BACKGROUND
Malaria affects more than 250 million people and causes more than a million deaths each year
(WHO 2005). One important control strategy against this and other mosquito-borne diseases is
mosquito control, which aims to reduce human mosquito contact.
Different control measures are used routinely against mosquitoes and their larvae, including
chemical (e.g. insecticide), biological (e.g. larviovus fish or pathogenic fungi), environmental (e.g.
land filling or drainage), and personal protection (e.g. mosquito repellents formulated as pills,
coils, ointments, lotions, sprays; and insecticide-treated or untreated bed nets).
Electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs) are marketed in response to a huge demand from the public
for convenient, safe, and effective anti-mosquito products. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit
malaria by sucking blood from humans, and these small hand held, battery-powered EMRs are
intended to repel them by emitting a high frequency buzz almost inaudible to the human ear.
They can be used both indoors and outdoors, and are claimed to repel mosquitoes within a range of
up to 2.5 meters.
Some of EMRs seem to be based on known aspects of mosquito behavior, while others have no
scientific data to substantiate their claims. Manufacturers have put forward at least two reasons to
explain the alleged repellent action of sound against mosquitos.
One reason is that the flight sound of males repels females once they have been inseminated hence,
whatever mimics the male’s flight sound may repel females. However, research has shown that
male mosquitoes are actually the ones attracted by the female flight sound and females normally
have a very weak sensitivity for sound compared with the males.

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1.1.2 INTRODUCTION

An electronic insect repellent is a safer alternative compared to toxic insect repellent. These are
electronic devices that have either electromagnetic or ultra sound waves to repel insects like
mosquitoes and roaches. The effectiveness of these devices has not been clearly established but the
numerous studies for experiments have shown that these electrical devices are indeed effective in
repelling or eliminating pests.
Some examples of electronic insects repellents are plug in electronic repellents, ultrasonic
transmitters and the electromagnetic lamps. These electronic pest control devices are very
affordable. And despite the fact that they have been around for more than two decades, they have
just recently been acknowledged worldwide because of their environmentally friendly claims.
Apart from this, they have also been proven to be less noticeable and cumbersome. The absence of
stinking spray repellants is truly a blessing by itself.

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1.1.3 Statement of the Problem

 Mosquitoes, in addition to already annoyed, also carriers of pathogens that cause harm to
human beings. Which normally we get rid of mosquitoes with chemicals. It has worked
great, but if you use it regularly, it affects our body naturally.

 Due to frequent use of chemicals in the institution to repel mosquitoes, I decided to come
up with this kind of project to avoid pollution of the environment which may result to
respiratory diseases.
 The project is designed and created in which the mosquito repellent circuit generates an
ultrasonic sound with a high output frequency that allows spreading mosquitoes within a
wide radius. The circuit is quite simple and require few external components. The
oscillation frequency is given by the value of components or replacing the fixed resistor.
The actual oscillation frequency of this electronic mosquito repellent is above 20KHz, so
what is needed is to use a good high frequency speaker, you can use a piezo speaker.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES
1.2.1 Specific Objectives
To develop an electronic device for mosquito control that generates multiple frequencies of
oscillation.

1.2.2 General Objectives
To assess whether Electronic Mosquito Repellents (EMRs) prevents mosquito bites.
To assess evidence of impact on malaria infection.
To prevent allergic reactions from mosquito bites.

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1.3 Scope
The general description of the project is to develop a circuit that produces a tone above the human
audible range and this is supposed to keep the mosquitoes away
The mosquito repellent circuit generates an ultrasonic sound with a high output frequency that
allows spreading mosquitoes within a wide radius. The circuits is quite simple and require few
components.

1.4 Justification
From the problem definition, the electronic mosquito repellent (EMRs) will be better in that:
1. It is not audible from humans so no interference.
2. No heart diseases occur compared to liquid Mosquito Repellents.
3. No need to Plug-in to switch board.
4. No environmental pollution
5. Reduction in malaria infections.
6. Reduction in allergic reactions from mosquito bites

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2.0 CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs) are marketed in response to a huge demand from the
public for convenient, safe, and effective antimosquito products. Female Anopheles mosquitoes
transmit malaria by sucking blood from humans, and these small handheld,battery-powered
EMRs are intended to repel them by emitting a high frequency buzz almost inaudible to the
human ear.
They can be used both indoors and outdoors, and are claimed to repel mosquitoes within a range
of up to 2.5 metres (Kutz 1974;Helson 1977). No adverse effects have been reported in the
literature.Mobile phone companies also market a ring tone that is claimed to repel mosquitoes
within a one-metre radius (BBC 2003).Some of the EMRs seem to be based on known aspects of
mosquito behaviour, while others have no scientific data to substantiate their claims.
Manufacturers have put forward at least two reasons to explain the alleged repellent action of
sound against mosquitoes.One reason is that the flight sound of males repels females once
they have been inseminated (Foster 1985); hence,whatever mimics the males’ flight sound may
repel females. However, research has shown that male mosquitoes are actually the ones attracted
by the female flight sound and females normally have a very weak sensitivity for sound
compared with the males (Wigglesworth 1965; Chapman 1982; McIver 1985; Michelsen 1985).
Another reason is that mosquitoes avoid the ultrasonic cries of bats (Foster 1985). Although both
explanations may be conceivable, there is no published scientific information to support either
idea.Different brands of EMRs have been examined for their efficacy under laboratory
conditions, none of which showed any effects for the devices tested (Singleton 1977; Curtis
1982; Iglisch 1983;Foster 1985; Jensen 2000; Andrade 2001; Cabrini 2006). There are review
articles concluding that the EMRs are ineffective in repelling mosquitoes(Coro 1998; Coro
2000). Scientific skepticism over the last 30 years and a successful prosecution of EMR sellers
under the UK Trade Description Act in 1980s (Curtis 1994; BBC 2005) seems to have done little
to deter manufacturers marketing EMRs and the people who buy them. This is a concern because
it is likely to lead to consumers not using other protective methods that are proven to work. This
could result in an increased risk of infection with mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria
(Jensen 2000).Despite the scientific view and research findings, EMRs are still widely promoted
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and used by the public.The project therefore tries to review all reliable research about the effects
of high pitched sounds in preventing mosquito bites and, hence, to assess whether there is any
evidence that EMRs have any potential in preventing malaria in the field setting.

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3.0 CHAPTER THREE
3.1 METHODOLOGY
3.1.1 Circuit Design
The aim of this project is to design and test an Electronic Mosquito Repellent. The approach
is that mosquito repellent circuit will generate an ultrasonic sound with a high output
frequency that allows spreading mosquitoes within a wide radius .The circuit is quite simple
and require few external components. The oscillation frequency is given by the value of the
resistors and a capacitor values.
The actual oscillation frequency of the electronic mosquito repellent is around (20-65 KHz) so there
should be a good high frequency speaker.

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3.2 CHOICE OF DESIGN
When compared, the general insect repellents that is sold in the market, the type of insect spray
pesticides works only on mosquitoes and cockroaches, while the electricity is able to get rid of
mosquitoes and flies and sometimes even ants. For all the use is not fully effective repel pests
from interfering with users.The function of the electronic mosquito repellent is the most effective
way to address this problem. This system is a type of insect repellents for the needs of each user
who have problems during sleep or in any situation.

In general, animal and other living creatures have a limited hearing range, which in other words,
frequency that they can be heard is limited. Similar to human, we cannot hear low frequency
sound below 64 Hz and also annoyed with high frequency sound which above 23 kHz. Based on
the theory, animal like mosquitoes and cockroaches will be annoyed with some high frequency
sound that is different compared to human.The table below shows various species hearing range:

Species

Approximate Range (Hz)

Human

64-23,000

Dog

67-45,000

Cat

45-64,000

Cow

23-35,000

Rat

200-76,000

Mouse

1,000-91,000

Bat

2,000-110,000

Owl

200-12,000

Chicken

125-2,000

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3.3 THE PROCESS FLOWCHART
The following flowchart is the process of production of Electronic Mosquito Repellent project
from the beginning until the final production.

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Design Electronic Mosquito
Repellent schematic circuit.

Determine the component
used based on the terminal
voltage and the frequency
need to be generated.

Run the simulation using a
software to check whether the
circuit can function as
expected.

Connect the circuit on the
breadboard to test run the
hardware manually.

Modifying the prototype hardware
many times to function as in the
simulation.

Connect prototype hardware in the
circuit board and solder the
components on the board.

Test running and modifying the
hardware until it functions well.

Final product has been achieved.

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4.0 CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DESIGN
4.1.1 THE HARDWARE SUBSYSTEMS
The design of the essential components of the project are treated here. There function and mode of
operation, which are not treated in chapter 3, will be presented here.
Basically the circuit employs a 1.5 V DC power supply that powers the components.

4.1.2 BUDGET ESTIMATE
ITEM

AMOUNT(Rs.)

General Purpose board

30

100K resistor (2)

5

1.5K resistor (2)

5

560pF Capacitor (2)

10

0.002uF Capacitor (2)

10

2SC9013 Transistor (2)

20

On-Off Switch (1)

20

Piezo Speaker (1)

20

1.5V AA battery

25

TOTAL

145

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5.0 CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 SYSTEM TESTING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
5.1.1 SYSTEM TESTING
Testing is a vital process in the development and realization of any design, be it hardware based,
software based or both. The various components and their circuitry has to be tested to ensure that
all the components on board are certified okay and in good working condition. The components
that does not give the required output specification are isolated and troubleshooted to determine
the nature and cause of the component failure through careful analysis, that is examination of the
working principles of the component(s)

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6.0 CHAPTER SIX
6.1 CONCLUSION
6.1.1 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
In the course of the design and test of this project, some problems were encountered. They are
• Getting some of the components proved had in the market, for instance a Piezo
diaphragm that will respond to 15 KHz was very difficult to find.


Component Failures.



Short Circuitry.



Oscilloscope failure to run in the simulation, it had some setbacks.

The mentioned problems were later taken care of during the design processes and testing of this
project.

6.1.2

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT

However, the project is still not reach full complete functions as it can be improved. There are
many ways to improve the circuit of which includes:
To put sensor and led lights in the circuit to detect mosquitoes so that we will be able to
know when there are mosquitoes all around us. It is also able to prove that this circuit
works well because if the led light does not work that means the area is safe from the
mosquitoes.
In addition, we can use direct current and the battery charger circuit. Thus, this circuit can
operate during blacks out because usually mosquitoes are attracted to dark places.
Next, we can improve by enlarging the field to repel mosquitoes so we can use a circuit
covering a large area.
In addition, this circuit could apply to another system and it is not limited to mosquitoes
only if the frequency is modified. Modifying the frequency will produce a sound that can
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easier detect any other animal not only mosquitoes such as produce the siren or yap
dog sound.
Using microcontrollers and ultrasonic sensors to transmit the sound in a special band
of frequency

6.1.3 CONCLUSION
Preliminary results obtained from the preliminary performance evaluation revealed that
the device has the potential to eliminate mosquitoes.

This circuit or project can be helpful in domestic area by keeping the mosquitoes away using a
high frequency sound produced by the circuit.

For the success of this project, proper method to design and construct the circuit has been taken
into consideration. Proteus 8 Professional software simulation tool is used to simulate the
circuit inside a computer. After that, the circuit is connected to a breadboard to test run the
project before transferring the circuit to a circuit board.

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REFERENCES
1.Electronic pests control, retrieved November 24, 2012 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_pest_control

2.Strauss WG, Maibach HI and Khan AA. Drugs and disease as mosquito repellents in man.
Am. J Trop Med Hyg. 1968;17(3):461–464.

3.Enayati AA, Hemingway J and Garner P. Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing
mosquito bites and malaria infection,Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;18: 34-42.

4.A. P. Meehan, 1976. Attempts to influence the feeding behavior of brown rats using
ultrasonic noise generators. International Pest Control. July/August.

5.G. Elert 1998-2012, the nature of sound (the physics hypertextbook) Retrieved October 12,
2012 from www.hypertbook/physics.info/sound

6.Suman Gupta and A. K. Dikshit, Biopesticides: An eco-friendly approach for pest control,
Journal of Biopesticides 3(1 Special Issue) 186 - 188 (2010) 186

7.Simple Electronic. (2011) “Electronic Mosquito Repellent Circuit Using 555”. [Online].
Available:http://www.simple-electronics.com/2011/09/electronic-mosquito-repellentcircuit.html
8.Just Technika. (2011) “Electronic Mosquito Repellent [Circuit Diagram]”. [Online].
Available
: http://justtechnika.com/articles/eltronic-mosquito-repellent-circuit-diagram/

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