EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
BHUSHAN. H. D
B H U S H A N. H. D
EMBEDDED SYSTEM EXAMPLES OF ES COMPONENTS EMBEDDED PROCESSORS EMBEDDED ARM PROCESSORS APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY CONTROLLER USING EMBEDDED ARM CONCLUSION
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It has hardware: Processors, timers, Interrupt controller, I/O devices, memories, Ports, etc. It has main Application software: which may perform concurrently the series of tasks or multiple tasks. It has Real Time Operating System:
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A Processor is the heart of the Embedded systems. Various Processors
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Microprocessors Micro-controllers Digital Signal Processors Embedded Processors
Special Microprocessors & Microcontrollers are often called as Embedded Processors. Examples: ARM 7, INTEL i960, AMD 29050
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Advanced RISC Machines Founded in November ’90 - Acorn Computers The ARM is a 32-bit Architecture When used in relation to the ARM: Byte means 8 bits Halfword means 16 bits (two bytes) Word means 32 bits (four bytes)
Most ARM’s implement two instruction sets 32-bit ARM Instruction Set 16-bit Thumb Instruction Set
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Early ARM architectures
Halfword and signed halfword / byte support System mode
SIMD Instructions Multi-processing V6 Memory architecture (VMSA) Unaligned data support
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ARM1136EJ-S
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Thumb is a 16-bit instruction set
Optimized for code density from C code (~65% of ARM code size) Improved performance from narrow memory Subset of the functionality of the ARM instruction set
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ADDS r2,r2,#1
32-bit ARM Instruction
0
Core has additional execution state
- Thumb
Switch between ARM and Thumb using BX instruction
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ADD r2,#1
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16-bit Thumb Instruction
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ARM are RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computation) Good speed and power consumption ratio Speed 1Mhz to 1 25Ghz1.25Ghz ARM processor are widely used Embedded Systems ARM has good support of RTOS like Linux, Q , VxWorks,gpp, QNX, FreeRTOS etc. ARM processor are best know for their low power consumptions and high end processing ARM7TDMI is their most successful core
◦ • 1 Billion devices shipping every quarter ◦ • Over 90 per second ◦ • In excess of 500 licenses
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◦ Embedded CPUs are very common today and will also play a very important part in the future, because devices like smart phones, GPS devices,… which use such processors boom. Nearly all mobile phones or pocket-PCs have such a CPU and the development to make them faster and also energy saver is the right way.