Emergency Preparedness
Content
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
No matter how committed an
industrial company may be in terms of
occupational health and safety
program implementation, the
probability of an emergency may arise
at the least expected scenario. Should
this happen, do we know what to do?
Are we aware of our very own
emergency procedure?
EMERGENCY
A sudden, unexpected
occurrence demanding
immediate action.
Accident don’t just
happened…
they are caused.
Fire Safety
P.D. NO. 1185
OF THE PHILIPPINES AND
REGULATIONS
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
WHEREAS, death and injury to persons and loss and
damage to property by fire have reached alarming
proportion that the economic and social gains of the
society are being continually undermined;
WHEREAS, in order to effect a meaningful reduction of
the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop
national consciousness and involvement of all
persons in the prevention and suppression of fire;
WHEREAS, fire prevention and suppression require
the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the
incorporation of fire safety construction and provision
of protective and safety devices in buildings and
structures;
WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for an emergency
primarily responsible for the implementation and
coordination of the activities of all sectors of society
on fire safety, prevention and suppression.
WHEREAS, in order to effectively implement all efforts
to minimize the occurrence of fires and their
destructive effects, full financial, equipment and
personnel support by the government and the private
sector in necessary…
DECLARATION OF POLICIES
The following are declared policies of the State:
a. The government, with the cooperation of the
private sector, shall develop and promulgate sets
of standards and regulations taking into
consideration the latest development in fire
technology suitable to Philippine conditions;
b. Fire prevention and safety shall be given equal, if
not greater emphasis as the suppression, or
extinguishment of fire. Fire prevention shall be
undertaken continuously involving all sectors of
the community.
c. The Fire Service of the Integrated National Police shall
endeavor to respond to all fires before they reach
critical and conflagration stages. Towards this end, the
organization, administration and operation of the Fire
Service shall be improved and developed, its
personnel and equipment augmented and effective fire
alarm systems set-up; and
d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this
purpose, educational institutions shall endeavor to
include in their curricula, courses on fire technology
and fire protection engineering.
RULE 1 – GENERAL PROVISIONS
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL
SEC. 1.103 REQUIRED FIRE SAFETY
PROGRAM / MEASURES
A.
In addition to the requirements provided for in Sec. 1.102, lessees or occupants of buildings, structure or facilities
shall observe all pertinent fire safety measures as set forth in P.D.1185 and in subsequent Rules of the Fire
Code.
B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or
facilities shall organize themselves and develop and
implement fire safety programs to include among
others, fire prevention in the premises, notification
of the fire service to the existence of a fire,
evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting. The
building owner shall take the initiative of formulating
the fire safety program for his building and of
organizing the occupants to implement the program.
THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE
OF FIRE IS…
“TO HAVE
NO FIRE
AT ALL”
THRU:
EDUCATION / ORIENTATION
ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION
EXERCISE / TRAINING
- FIRE DRILL
- HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER
IGNITION SOURCES OF FIRE
ELECTRICAL
-
23%
CUTTING & WELDING
-
4%
SMOKING
-
18%
EXPOSURE
-
3%
FRICTION
-
10%
INCENDIARISM
-
3%
OVERHEATED MATERIALS -
8%
MECHANICAL SPARKS
-
2%
HOT SURFACE
-
7%
MOLTEN SUBSTANCES
-
2%
BURNER FLAMES
-
7%
CHEMICAL ACTION
-
1%
COMBUSTION SPARKS
-
5%
STATIC SPARKS
-
1%
SPONTANEOUS IGNITION
-
4%
LIGHTING
-
1%
MISCELLANEOUS
-
1%
Chemistry and Physics of Fire
FIRE
is a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process
accompanied by the evolution of heat and light
-is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with
oxygen in the presence of enough heat.
Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.
Products of Fire
Flame
Heat
Smoke
Fire Gases
Fire Gases
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Ammonia
Hydrogen Chloride
Sulfur Dioxide
Classes of Fire
Class A
Occur in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper,
rugs and rubbish.
Class B
Occur in vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids,
such as gasoline, oil, thinners.
Class C
Occur in or near energized electrical equipment where nonconducting extinguishing agents must be used.
Class D
Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium,
powdered aluminum, zinc.
TRIANGLE OF FIRE
HEAT
FUEL
OXYGEN
TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
HEAT
CHEMICAL
CHAIN
REACTION
OXYGEN
INCIPIENT PHASE – or beginning of fire
• oxygen is plentiful
• Temp has not built to high peak
• Breathing not difficult
• Direct water application
• Ventilation: not a problem
• Little steam production
FREE BURNING PHASE – fire begins to deplete the
room’s oxygen supply and temperature greatly
increased.
• Fire has involved more fuels
• Oxygen supply is being depleted
• Heat accumulates at ceiling
• SCBA is a must
• Ventilation: not a definite need
• Good steam production
SMOLDERING PHASE – after oxygen content of the air
falls below 15%, the fire enters a smoldering phase
where flame may cease but dense smoke and heat
completely fill the room.
• Oxygen supply is below 15%
• Temp is very high
• Normal breathing not possible
• Back draft hazard
• Fire extinguishment: indirect method
• Ventilation is a must
CONDUCTION – transmission of heat from one
substance to another by direct contact from
molecules.
CONVECTION – transmission of heat through
contact with molecules of hot gases when molecules
of gases move upward and transmits to any other
surface.
RADIATION – transmission of heat from a source
even through space.
Fire Control Methods
Cooling
Smothering
Starvation
Inhibition
Is an appliance designated to be
carried and operated by hand
containing an extinguisher
medium which can be expelled
by the action of internal
pressure and be directed on to a
fire.
Be kept fully charged and in their designated
places
Be located along normal paths of travel
Not to be obstructed or obscured from view
Not to be mounted higher than 5’ (1.5m.) to the top
of the extinguisher, if they weigh 40 lbs (18kg.) or
less but heavier, not more than 3.5’ (1m.)
Be inspected by at least monthly to make sure
they are in their designated location, not tampered
with nor actuated and do not have corrosion nor
other impairments.
Re-charge or repair to ensure operability and
safety. A tag should show the date and signature
of the person performing the service.
Be hydrostatically tested.
Be selected on the basis of hazard, degree and
area to be protected.
Located on the maximum travel distance, unless
there are extremely hazardous conditions. Do not
exceed 75’ (23m.) for Class A extinguishers or 50’
(15m.) for Class B extinguishers.
Report used extinguishers
Watch for tampering
Recharge properly
Do not mix dry chemicals
Watch for corrosion
Keep nozzle clean
Check for low pressure
Conduct regular inspection
Types of Portable FX
Carbon Dioxide
Dry Chemical (Ordinary & MultiPurpose)
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
(AFFF)
Halon 123
Dry Powder
General Operating Steps
PULL the pin.
AIM the nozzle.
SQUEZZE the lever.
SWEEP from side-to-side.
FIRST AID IS AN IMMEDIATE CARE
GIVEN TO A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN
INJURED OR SUDDENLY TAKEN ILL.
IT INCLUDES SELF-HELP AND HOME
CARE IF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IS
NOT AVAILABLE OR DELAYED.
To alleviate suffering.
To prevent added/ further
injury or danger.
To prolong life.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Survey the scene
Do a primary survey of the victim
Activate Medical Assistance/(AMA) or
Transfer Facility
Do a secondary survey of the victim
is a break in the continuity of the
body either internal or external.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Pain and tenderness
Vomiting or cough-up blood
Swelling
Passage of blood in the urine
Discoloration
Sign of blood along mouth,
Hematoma
Uncontrolled restlessness
Thirst
Symptoms of Shock
nose and ear canal
I
- ice application
C
- compression
E
- elevation
S
- splint or immobilize
Puncture
Abrasion
Incision
Laceration
Avulsion
First Aid Management
Wound with severe bleeding
•C
- control bleeding
•C
- cover wound with dressing
•C
- care for shock
•C
- consult or refer to physician
Wound with bleeding not severe (home care)
• clean the wound with soap and water
• apply mild antiseptics
• cover wound with dressing and bandage
Is an injury involving the skin,
including muscles, bones, nerves
and blood vessels. This results
from heat, chemicals, electricity or
solar or other forms of radiation.
First Aid Management
First-Degree and Second-Degree Burns
• relieve pain by immersing the burned area in cold water
or by applying a wet, cold cloth. If cold water is
unavailable, use any cold liquid you drink to reduce the
burned skin’s temperature.
• Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing
or a clean cloth.
First Aid Management
Third-Degree Burns
• cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing
or a clean cloth.
• treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs and
keeping the victim warm with a clean sheet or blanket
is a rapid movement of victim from unsafe place
to a place of safety/
is moving a victim from one place to another
after giving first aid.
EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
What to do..
•
Act quickly! Protect your body from falling debris
by getting under a sturdy desk, table or doorway
•
Keep away from glass windows and free standing
furniture
•
When outside, stay away from tall buildings,
move to an open field
•
At the end of the initial shock, evacuate building
when given clearance by the Chief Marshal
•
Go the the Assembly Area at the open field.
If you discover a fire..
What to do…
• Activate fire alarm (break glass)
• Call for help, inform Fire Hotline (loc. 333)
• Try to extinguish the fire if you are trained to do so.
• Do not take any personal risks.
• Follow instructions of Evacuation Team Guide.
• Proceed to the Assembly Area.
•
break seal / remove pin
•
release hose / nozzle from holder
•
test for good operation by squeezing lever
briefly before approaching the fire
•
extinguish the fire to within 6-8 feet and aim at
the base of the fire
•
sweep the nozzle back and forth until fire is
completely extinguished.
What to do –
•
on hearing the continuous alarm signal, gather vital personal
effects and go for the nearest exit near you.
•
go to the Assembly Area at the open field.
•
If you are away from normal work floor, obey instructions
from that floor.
•
do not attempt to return to your own floor.
•
notify Security Office (loc. 2261)
•
prevent other personnel from going into the area
•
security will take any other action required
What to do –
• if a bomb or suspicious object is discovered – do
not touch it, clear the area
• notify security office (loc. 2261)
• prevent other personnel from going into the area
• security will take any other action required
•
attract the attention of another staff member to
ring Loc. 2261, give details
•
record details of threat as per procedure given: do
not hang up your phone
•
try to record exact words; keep the caller
TALKING (try to obtain as much as information as
possible)
•
security will take further action required
• when is the bomb going to explode?
• where is it right now?
• what does it look like?
• what kind of bomb is it?
• what will cause the bomb to explode?
• who place the bomb?
• why?
• where are you?
•What is your name?
DO NOT HANG UP THE PHONE
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:
•
most Sr. Security Officer On-Duty shall respond
when an emergency arising from fire, earthquake and
explosions occurs upon notice given by the Chief
Marshall
•
the compound shall be cordoned to prevent
unauthorized person’s entry
•
Security Officers shall supervise crowd control to
prevent employees and looters around the affected
area.
•
Follow the safe and orderly evacuations of
employees to the assembly area.
PREPAREDNESS
No matter how committed an
industrial company may be in terms of
occupational health and safety
program implementation, the
probability of an emergency may arise
at the least expected scenario. Should
this happen, do we know what to do?
Are we aware of our very own
emergency procedure?
EMERGENCY
A sudden, unexpected
occurrence demanding
immediate action.
Accident don’t just
happened…
they are caused.
Fire Safety
P.D. NO. 1185
OF THE PHILIPPINES AND
REGULATIONS
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
WHEREAS, death and injury to persons and loss and
damage to property by fire have reached alarming
proportion that the economic and social gains of the
society are being continually undermined;
WHEREAS, in order to effect a meaningful reduction of
the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop
national consciousness and involvement of all
persons in the prevention and suppression of fire;
WHEREAS, fire prevention and suppression require
the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the
incorporation of fire safety construction and provision
of protective and safety devices in buildings and
structures;
WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for an emergency
primarily responsible for the implementation and
coordination of the activities of all sectors of society
on fire safety, prevention and suppression.
WHEREAS, in order to effectively implement all efforts
to minimize the occurrence of fires and their
destructive effects, full financial, equipment and
personnel support by the government and the private
sector in necessary…
DECLARATION OF POLICIES
The following are declared policies of the State:
a. The government, with the cooperation of the
private sector, shall develop and promulgate sets
of standards and regulations taking into
consideration the latest development in fire
technology suitable to Philippine conditions;
b. Fire prevention and safety shall be given equal, if
not greater emphasis as the suppression, or
extinguishment of fire. Fire prevention shall be
undertaken continuously involving all sectors of
the community.
c. The Fire Service of the Integrated National Police shall
endeavor to respond to all fires before they reach
critical and conflagration stages. Towards this end, the
organization, administration and operation of the Fire
Service shall be improved and developed, its
personnel and equipment augmented and effective fire
alarm systems set-up; and
d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this
purpose, educational institutions shall endeavor to
include in their curricula, courses on fire technology
and fire protection engineering.
RULE 1 – GENERAL PROVISIONS
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL
SEC. 1.103 REQUIRED FIRE SAFETY
PROGRAM / MEASURES
A.
In addition to the requirements provided for in Sec. 1.102, lessees or occupants of buildings, structure or facilities
shall observe all pertinent fire safety measures as set forth in P.D.1185 and in subsequent Rules of the Fire
Code.
B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or
facilities shall organize themselves and develop and
implement fire safety programs to include among
others, fire prevention in the premises, notification
of the fire service to the existence of a fire,
evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting. The
building owner shall take the initiative of formulating
the fire safety program for his building and of
organizing the occupants to implement the program.
THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE
OF FIRE IS…
“TO HAVE
NO FIRE
AT ALL”
THRU:
EDUCATION / ORIENTATION
ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION
EXERCISE / TRAINING
- FIRE DRILL
- HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER
IGNITION SOURCES OF FIRE
ELECTRICAL
-
23%
CUTTING & WELDING
-
4%
SMOKING
-
18%
EXPOSURE
-
3%
FRICTION
-
10%
INCENDIARISM
-
3%
OVERHEATED MATERIALS -
8%
MECHANICAL SPARKS
-
2%
HOT SURFACE
-
7%
MOLTEN SUBSTANCES
-
2%
BURNER FLAMES
-
7%
CHEMICAL ACTION
-
1%
COMBUSTION SPARKS
-
5%
STATIC SPARKS
-
1%
SPONTANEOUS IGNITION
-
4%
LIGHTING
-
1%
MISCELLANEOUS
-
1%
Chemistry and Physics of Fire
FIRE
is a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process
accompanied by the evolution of heat and light
-is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with
oxygen in the presence of enough heat.
Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.
Products of Fire
Flame
Heat
Smoke
Fire Gases
Fire Gases
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Ammonia
Hydrogen Chloride
Sulfur Dioxide
Classes of Fire
Class A
Occur in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper,
rugs and rubbish.
Class B
Occur in vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids,
such as gasoline, oil, thinners.
Class C
Occur in or near energized electrical equipment where nonconducting extinguishing agents must be used.
Class D
Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium,
powdered aluminum, zinc.
TRIANGLE OF FIRE
HEAT
FUEL
OXYGEN
TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
HEAT
CHEMICAL
CHAIN
REACTION
OXYGEN
INCIPIENT PHASE – or beginning of fire
• oxygen is plentiful
• Temp has not built to high peak
• Breathing not difficult
• Direct water application
• Ventilation: not a problem
• Little steam production
FREE BURNING PHASE – fire begins to deplete the
room’s oxygen supply and temperature greatly
increased.
• Fire has involved more fuels
• Oxygen supply is being depleted
• Heat accumulates at ceiling
• SCBA is a must
• Ventilation: not a definite need
• Good steam production
SMOLDERING PHASE – after oxygen content of the air
falls below 15%, the fire enters a smoldering phase
where flame may cease but dense smoke and heat
completely fill the room.
• Oxygen supply is below 15%
• Temp is very high
• Normal breathing not possible
• Back draft hazard
• Fire extinguishment: indirect method
• Ventilation is a must
CONDUCTION – transmission of heat from one
substance to another by direct contact from
molecules.
CONVECTION – transmission of heat through
contact with molecules of hot gases when molecules
of gases move upward and transmits to any other
surface.
RADIATION – transmission of heat from a source
even through space.
Fire Control Methods
Cooling
Smothering
Starvation
Inhibition
Is an appliance designated to be
carried and operated by hand
containing an extinguisher
medium which can be expelled
by the action of internal
pressure and be directed on to a
fire.
Be kept fully charged and in their designated
places
Be located along normal paths of travel
Not to be obstructed or obscured from view
Not to be mounted higher than 5’ (1.5m.) to the top
of the extinguisher, if they weigh 40 lbs (18kg.) or
less but heavier, not more than 3.5’ (1m.)
Be inspected by at least monthly to make sure
they are in their designated location, not tampered
with nor actuated and do not have corrosion nor
other impairments.
Re-charge or repair to ensure operability and
safety. A tag should show the date and signature
of the person performing the service.
Be hydrostatically tested.
Be selected on the basis of hazard, degree and
area to be protected.
Located on the maximum travel distance, unless
there are extremely hazardous conditions. Do not
exceed 75’ (23m.) for Class A extinguishers or 50’
(15m.) for Class B extinguishers.
Report used extinguishers
Watch for tampering
Recharge properly
Do not mix dry chemicals
Watch for corrosion
Keep nozzle clean
Check for low pressure
Conduct regular inspection
Types of Portable FX
Carbon Dioxide
Dry Chemical (Ordinary & MultiPurpose)
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
(AFFF)
Halon 123
Dry Powder
General Operating Steps
PULL the pin.
AIM the nozzle.
SQUEZZE the lever.
SWEEP from side-to-side.
FIRST AID IS AN IMMEDIATE CARE
GIVEN TO A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN
INJURED OR SUDDENLY TAKEN ILL.
IT INCLUDES SELF-HELP AND HOME
CARE IF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IS
NOT AVAILABLE OR DELAYED.
To alleviate suffering.
To prevent added/ further
injury or danger.
To prolong life.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Survey the scene
Do a primary survey of the victim
Activate Medical Assistance/(AMA) or
Transfer Facility
Do a secondary survey of the victim
is a break in the continuity of the
body either internal or external.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Pain and tenderness
Vomiting or cough-up blood
Swelling
Passage of blood in the urine
Discoloration
Sign of blood along mouth,
Hematoma
Uncontrolled restlessness
Thirst
Symptoms of Shock
nose and ear canal
I
- ice application
C
- compression
E
- elevation
S
- splint or immobilize
Puncture
Abrasion
Incision
Laceration
Avulsion
First Aid Management
Wound with severe bleeding
•C
- control bleeding
•C
- cover wound with dressing
•C
- care for shock
•C
- consult or refer to physician
Wound with bleeding not severe (home care)
• clean the wound with soap and water
• apply mild antiseptics
• cover wound with dressing and bandage
Is an injury involving the skin,
including muscles, bones, nerves
and blood vessels. This results
from heat, chemicals, electricity or
solar or other forms of radiation.
First Aid Management
First-Degree and Second-Degree Burns
• relieve pain by immersing the burned area in cold water
or by applying a wet, cold cloth. If cold water is
unavailable, use any cold liquid you drink to reduce the
burned skin’s temperature.
• Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing
or a clean cloth.
First Aid Management
Third-Degree Burns
• cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing
or a clean cloth.
• treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs and
keeping the victim warm with a clean sheet or blanket
is a rapid movement of victim from unsafe place
to a place of safety/
is moving a victim from one place to another
after giving first aid.
EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
What to do..
•
Act quickly! Protect your body from falling debris
by getting under a sturdy desk, table or doorway
•
Keep away from glass windows and free standing
furniture
•
When outside, stay away from tall buildings,
move to an open field
•
At the end of the initial shock, evacuate building
when given clearance by the Chief Marshal
•
Go the the Assembly Area at the open field.
If you discover a fire..
What to do…
• Activate fire alarm (break glass)
• Call for help, inform Fire Hotline (loc. 333)
• Try to extinguish the fire if you are trained to do so.
• Do not take any personal risks.
• Follow instructions of Evacuation Team Guide.
• Proceed to the Assembly Area.
•
break seal / remove pin
•
release hose / nozzle from holder
•
test for good operation by squeezing lever
briefly before approaching the fire
•
extinguish the fire to within 6-8 feet and aim at
the base of the fire
•
sweep the nozzle back and forth until fire is
completely extinguished.
What to do –
•
on hearing the continuous alarm signal, gather vital personal
effects and go for the nearest exit near you.
•
go to the Assembly Area at the open field.
•
If you are away from normal work floor, obey instructions
from that floor.
•
do not attempt to return to your own floor.
•
notify Security Office (loc. 2261)
•
prevent other personnel from going into the area
•
security will take any other action required
What to do –
• if a bomb or suspicious object is discovered – do
not touch it, clear the area
• notify security office (loc. 2261)
• prevent other personnel from going into the area
• security will take any other action required
•
attract the attention of another staff member to
ring Loc. 2261, give details
•
record details of threat as per procedure given: do
not hang up your phone
•
try to record exact words; keep the caller
TALKING (try to obtain as much as information as
possible)
•
security will take further action required
• when is the bomb going to explode?
• where is it right now?
• what does it look like?
• what kind of bomb is it?
• what will cause the bomb to explode?
• who place the bomb?
• why?
• where are you?
•What is your name?
DO NOT HANG UP THE PHONE
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:
•
most Sr. Security Officer On-Duty shall respond
when an emergency arising from fire, earthquake and
explosions occurs upon notice given by the Chief
Marshall
•
the compound shall be cordoned to prevent
unauthorized person’s entry
•
Security Officers shall supervise crowd control to
prevent employees and looters around the affected
area.
•
Follow the safe and orderly evacuations of
employees to the assembly area.
