Emergency Response Management

Published on May 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 33 | Comments: 0 | Views: 325
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DBMS Project Team: Ashok Sankararaman -50024860 , Prasanna Venkatesh Prahalathan-50027683

Emergency Response management

Emergency response is the remedial measures and actions initiated following an event of disaster. The course of this action is to restore or recover back from the disastrous event. Since civilian’s are the most prone victims of any major disaster which disrupts their routine life events directly or indirectly the government has its own units and standard organizations to follow and implement a set of protocols in times of emergency. The critical events in terms of the immediate government response and the longer term changes in emergency management programs at both the federal and local levels are determined by the units like NIMS (National Incident management System) ,FEMA(Federal Emergency Management Agency) Still there is an uncertainty in the working since there is an imbalance with the state and local agency of the government and the national agencies . A proof of this would be the effect of hurricane Katrina on 2005 though having the latest technologies in spot it dint effectively help in handling this major disaster this is because the emergency response operations were heavily relying on huge newspapers television channels and word of mouth responses. During the time of such crisis, people and organizations adapt and improvise to help the conditions as per the need. The rescue operations are managed around through protocols by the governments and federal and local state agencies which are internally flexible.

But during crisis the public play a major role in providing assistance and are responsible for leading important rescue and relief activities through their own social networks to find and distribute information outside the official response effort. But the federal disaster management planning and policy implementation does not consider this public effort through social media and pertains to its usual methods with the focus on the role of the official response. One more example is the southern California wildfire which happened on October 20th 2007 it was found that traditional media sources like national and local news networks remained as an important way to get crisis information but it was also found that those information was insufficient, because it lacked specificity to their region or was biased towards metropolitan areas at the expense of those in rural or outlying areas. Though several official information sources were provided they seemed to be slow to update information to the people at risk and evacuated Regions. They lack back channel communication and co- ordination with public which would help in enhancing the existing disaster models to be re conceptualized with the integration of public response and social media as an additional, valuable tool-set for information management in disasters response.

Haiti Earth quake Incident: Soon after the Haiti earth quake disaster anxiety prevailed among people in great extent concerning to the information of recovery measures for their relatives. The data collected for from twitter over the initial days of the disaster was studied and segregated on the basis of two aspects such as emotional data and authenticated data. The anxiety factor was reduced greatly through is reduced to a great extent through authentic information. The study suggested that the high levels of anxiety can be controlled at the early stage through feeds of credible and accurate information by means of reliable sources through emergency response center, authentic government units and official news releases. Mumbai terrorist Attack: Mumbai bomb blast gave raise to enormous amount of activity in twitter. Information was posted rapidly in twitter related to the blast in which 28% tweets consisted of helplines 40% tweets had URL's Contact Details of people put on twitter. Serving as a helpline medium for information and it was updated every while. Also warfare theory was used to study the other aspects of the information sharing. Situational Awareness theory was implemented to analyze the Mumbai Tweeter page from the perspective of a terrorist. And then Content analysis of Mumbai twitter feed was done and it was found that Mumbai terrorists followed the live media and used web search engines as a means to enhance their level of information. Also it was found that the Twitter played a major role in relaying situational information to the mainstream media, which was monitored by Mumbai terrorists. Therefore, we conclude that the Mumbai Twitter page indirectly provided information to the terrorists, as it helped the civilians to recover from the disaster. Spatiotemporal Mashups: A Survey was done to evaluate Current Tools to Inform Next Generation on Crisis Support, Various mashup sites like ushahidi were studied as part of the survey. Learning from the Past through the Preservation of Spatiotemporal Information Flows was a key solution found since most of the information are stored only for real time and are lost after a certain period. Also Recognizing Geographical Vulnerabilities with Spatiotemporal Data with respect to the visuals of past incidents of risk and current circumstances. We have considered how certain design choices afford different forms of interaction, though we note that certain design choices may be more appropriate for certain hazards than others depending on what types of attributes need to be depicted and based on this it was concluded that mashups would offer as an effective tool of design probe for better activity on Emergency situations. Photo Sharing:

Public look for accurate, relevant, and reliable information during the post-disaster time period and Eyewitness photography plays a important role in disaster response and recovery efforts. An example would be photo-sharing website. For the Southern California Fire – 2007 a specific group was created and it provided links to five more Flickr groups created in response to the fires which was very specific to disaster events. Many people engaged in this activity and many were benefitted through this groups The data’s from groups during disasters are no longer accounts for personal information but also as evidential documents which would be useful for future response. Eyewitness photos are now asked by disaster response agencies and mainstream media. As people voluntarily capture, gather and aggregate information through social media, the result is a very large-scale collection of information. This activity is a result of innovation of technology during crisis situations and it has to be considered for technology development to adapt to this emerging phenomenon of wide-scale social interaction to help in disaster response, recovery. Information Sharing Using Live Video in Emergency Response Work: A new way of dynamically mapping the services during emergency response was found in Live relay through this live video was telecasted from several sources which added more Detail to the emergency information sharing .The main advantage of this service was the broadcast of live feed was done in a very short span of time through mobile communication with 3G/GPS options. Therefor through this additional precision of information in short time added more value in terms of emergency response operation. The usual way of communication was benefitted more through the detailed descriptions from the site and thereby improving the situational awareness for any incident . Social Software as an Infrastructure for Crisis Management Two events were Analyzed Love Parade disaster in Germany/ Volcanic eruption in Iceland. The events before and after the disaster were studied. Customers used social software after a failure of the conventional communication channels such as telephone calls and e-mail dialogues with companies. companies used Twitter and Facebook as a broadcast medium. This led to development of a new information culture by documenting the available information based on certain conventions over a uniform database. Certain types of social software have, especially in combination with mobile phones or other location-based media or various types of tags provide the potential to involve citizens in crisis management. So scalability of the current crisis management infrastructure with Integration of Citizengenerated content for Citizen Communication would serve more effectively. Conclusion:

We analyzed the incidents and associated papers on social media and found that there was a gap in the communication system between the local/government authorities and the general public. These communication gaps at times lead to a disjoint between the authorities involved in resue and the rescue. During our analysis we find that social media like twitter, Facebook help to connect with people and to diffuse information among the public. This leads to a lot of authentic information being circulated which could help in faster recovery and containment of unwanted information. The social media also serves as a great tool were a two way communication channel could be opened among people and the local authorities. Care should be taken though on careful monitoring of these sites as at times there could be chances of misleading information on these platforms. Overall though these forums and softwares have added a new dimension of information diffusion and in the coming years we shall see more local authorities making use of this during emergencies

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