Emp
Content
I.
Introduction
The City of Tuguegarao is the capital city of Cagayan & the regional capital of
Region 2, made known to be the Premier Ibanag City. It is located on a peninsula
nestled in the verdant Cagayan Valley. It is sheltered by the Sierra Madre Mountains in
the East; Cordilleras in the West; and, the Caraballo Mountains in the South. It grew on
the banks of the mighty Cagayan River and the swift Pinacanauan River, near the
southern border of the province.
It is blessed with natural resources primarily agricultural and aquatic marine
resources. Hog fattening and other animal production is the livelihood activity of most
farm families.
The city has identified several projects to hasten its social and economic growth.
Included in its list of priorities is the establishment of a slaughterhouse to serve the
slaughtering services need of its growing populace.
The construction of abattoir or slaughterhouse will produce high-quality
slaughtered meat for public consumption. It will also address the fear of consumers on
the quality of meat being processed and sold at the public market. The city aims to
achieve this with the following objectives:
1. To establish sanitary slaughter process;
2. To provide every consumer a disease-free and quality meat and its byproducts;
3. To protect its people against meat-borne diseases;
4. To eradicate the sale of “Hot Meat”
5. To reduce economic losses due to premature spoilage of meat caused by
microbial contamination usually prevalent in unhygienic facilities.
Marketing and sale of meat requires inspection before and after slaughter, that
way it will safeguard public health and satisfy consumers at the same time. The
responsibility for achieving this objective lies primarily with the relevant public health
authorities.
The abbatoir will create an environmentally friendly identity through
undertaking the proper and efficient way of waste disposals to avoid harming and
distorting the people.
II. Location Map
The proposed location had been chosen considering such factors as the
availability of resources, accesibility to the potential customers, high elevation due to
flooding and the environment of the business which fall under agro-industrial land type
as being classified by the DENR which is the only approved land type and location for
the establishment of a Abbatoir.
Page 1 of 12
Because of the very nature of the proposed project, a none-residential area has
been the prime consideration in choosing the site of the business.
The abbatoir will be situated at Brgy. Cataggaman Pardo, Tueguarao City,
Cagayan.
Page 2 of 12
III. Environmental Management Plan
Items of works
1. Mobilization of
equipment and
materials
Impact
-Disturbance to
people
-Can cause traffic
and accidents to
the commuters if
equipment and
materials are not
well organized
2. Surveying
3. Clearing and
-Choose the best
site that can’t
damage to natural
habitats during
construction
activities
-Would create
Mitigation
-Installation of
billboards and
signage to inform
people for their
safety
-Hiring of traffic
enforcer or
installation of
temporary traffic
lights to prevent
disturbance and
traffic to commuters
-Creating a parking
and storage area for
the equipment and
materials away from
road
-Environmental
principles must be
followed
-Marking of survey
points must be done
with the Engineers
approval
-No vegetation may
Laws
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE(P.D.)NO.
1096 CHAPTER XX
SIGNS SECTION
2004The supports and
anchorages of all
signs or sign
structures shall be
placed in or upon
private property
and shall be
constructed in
conformity with the
requirements of the
Code.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1152
SECTION 23
National Land Use
Scheme –
The Human
Settlements
Commission, in
coordination with
the appropriate
agencies of the
government, shall
formulate and
recommend to the
National
Environmental
Protection Council
a land use scheme
consistent with the
purpose of this
Title
PRESIDENTIAL
Page 3 of 12
grubbing
dust, and soil
erosion
-Loss of
vegetation and
tress
be cleared without
the permission from
the Engineer
-Permit from the
authorities before
cutting the trees
-Avoid possible
areas like highly
erodible soils and
steep slopes which
are prone to water
and wind erosion
4. Health
Sanitation and
Safety
-Different
diseases that
might be caught
by the workers
-Accidents due to
scattered
materials
-Safety officer
should be available
to guide the workers
on how properly
equip their personal
protective
equipment.
-Provide disposal
sites for
disposal/segregatio
n of garbage
-Availability of
Potable water
DECREE No. 953
- Requiring the
planting of trees in
certain places and
penalizing
unauthorized
cutting,
destruction,
damaging and
injuring of certain
trees, plants and
vegetation.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1152
Section 34
Measures in Flood
Control Program
-In addition to the
pertinent
provisions of
existing laws, the
following shall be
included in a soil
erosion, sediment
and flood control
program.
Executive Order
No. 23 (Anti-illegal
Logging Law)
R.A. 9003
-an act providing
for an ecological
solid waste
management
program, creating
the necessary
institutional
mechanisms and
incentives,
declaring certain
acts prohibited and
providing penalties
appropriating
funds therefor, and
for other purposes.
P.D. 825
Page 4 of 12
-providing penalty
for improper
disposal of garbage
and other forms of
uncleanliness and
for other purposes.
5. Excavation
-Soil Erosion
-Surface water
contamination
-Install erosion and
sediment control
measures if possible
before construction
commences.
-Excavate during
sunny days to avoid
potential erosion
and sedimentation
6. Form works
and
scaffoldings
-We use timber
whether it is from
a managed forest
and sustainable
resource are also
important
environmental
considerations.
-Drainage channels
should be provided
on site to convey
storm water to sand
traps for removal of
soil particles.
-Before cutting trees
for the timber you
must have permit
from the authorities.
If possible
replacement must
be done.
DAO 94-26A
-Philippine
standards for
drinking water
1993 under the
provision of
Chapter II, Section
9 of PD 856,
otherwise known as
code on sanitation
of the Philippines.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1152
Section 34
Measures in Flood
Control Program
In addition to the
pertinent
provisions of
existing laws, the
following shall be
included in a soil
erosion, sediment
and flood control
program.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 330
Penalizing timber
smuggling or illegal
cutting of logs from
public forests and
forest reserves as
qualified theft.
-Noise
disturbances due
to cutting of steel
7. Concrete works
-Noise
-Fitting proper
PRESIDENTIAL
Page 5 of 12
disturbances due
to equipment
used in the
construction site.
-Too much dust
due to the
excavated soil
from the
construction site
can cause air
pollution.
8. Steel Works
-Noise
disturbances due
to cutting and
grinding tools
-May affect the
health of the
welder
9. Roof Works
-Noise
disturbance due
to installing G.I.
Sheets
mufflers to vehicles
and construction
equipment’s to
minimize noise
pollution.
DECREE NO. 1152
Section 2.
PurposesThe purposes of
this title are:
-The spraying of
water around the
areas of the
construction site
during construction
work must be done
to mitigate the
escape of dust
particles to the
atmosphere.
-To achieve and
maintain such
levels of air quality
as to protect public
health and
-Avoid doing this
work during
nighttime
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE No. 1152
Section 5.
Community Noise
Standards. –
Appropriate
standards for
community noise
levels shall be
established
considering, among
others, location,
zoning and land use
-To prevent to the
greatest extent
practicable, injury
and/or damage to
plant and animal
life and property,
and promote the
social and
economic
development of the
country.
-Use new equipment
PRESIDENTIAL
because it is much
DECREE NO. 1152
quieter than old
Section 6.
equipment.
Standards for
For example, noiseNoise-Producing
reducing saw blades
Equipment- There
can cut noise levels
shall be established
in half
a standard for
noise-producing
-Use personal
equipment such as
protective
construction
equipment for
equipment
safety.
Page 6 of 12
10. Ceiling Works
11. Plumbing
-Noise
Disturbance
-No construction
during night time
-Plywood and
hardwood use
came from trees
affects the
environment
-Placement of
temporary
barriers/enclosures
in the construction
site to reduce noise
levels
-Improper
construction of
plumbing system
can cause soil
contamination
and affect the
health of the
people
-Water
contamination
-Before buying
hardwoods we make
sure that it has a
permit from DENR,
if cutting of trees are
performed to
produce hardwoods
we should replace it.
-Hire registered
master plumber of
the Philippines for
proper installation
of plumbing system
to avoid errors that
can cause soil
contamination and
affect the health of
the people.
classification.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE No. 1152
Section 6.
Standards for
Noise-Producing
Equipment- There
shall be established
a standard for
noise-producing
equipment such as
construction
equipment.
-P.D. 330 and P.D.
953
-R.A. 9275- Clean
Water Act
-R.A. 1378Plumbing Code of
the Philippines
-Testing of water to
know if it is
contaminated.
12. Electrical
-Improper
installation can
cause fire and
accidents
-Do not use
plumbing pipes that
can leach lead into
drinking water.
-Hire skilled
electrician.
-Use safe electrical
lighting fixtures
Electrician should
follow the details in
the power and
electrical layout.
R.A. 7920Electrical Code of
the Philippines
R.A. 9514- Fire
Code of the
Philippines
Page 7 of 12
-The electrician
should follow the
general notes
indicated in the
plan. The electrician
should wear
Personal Protective
Equipment to
prevent accidents.
13. Painting and
Plastering
-Air pollution due
to dust of cement
use in plastering
-May affect health
to people due to
smell of paint and
thinner used.
14. Demobilize Site
-Improper
disposal of
materials used in
construction.
-It may have an
unexpected
accident to them
in that place
-Erect dust screen
on the side.
R.A. 8749 –
Philippine Clean
Air Act of 1999
-The workers should
use mask to prevent
them from inhaling
dust that can cause
respiratory diseases.
Use ecofriendly
paint.
-Proper disposal of
materials used in
construction.
-Wearing of
personal protective
equipment and have
precautionary
measures in
conducting the
activity to prevent
accidents.
R.A. 9003 – The
Solid Waste
Management Act of
2001
P.D. 442- Labor
Code of the
Philippines
Page 8 of 12
IV. Findings and Recommendation
A. Water and Drainage
The slaughterhouse must have a dependable source of clean water, preferably
pipe-borne, to maintain hygienic and sanitary services in the plant. The water
must be well distributed in terms of point-location inside the premises and must
be hot, if possible, for hygienic washing of products and facilities.
It would be useful, to install a reservoir or tank on the premises as a security
against shortages and breakdown of pumps.
Drainage of water is one of the main considerations in any slaughterhouse. All
washings or wet cleaning must course over the slaughter floor into a collecting
drainage and empty eventually outside the building. The floor should be designed
to slope toward the main collecting drain, the latter in turn to slope toward
exterior connecting pipes. The walls must have a hard smooth surface to prevent
staining with blood and fat and hence facilitate cleaning; on the other hand, the
floor must be rough or grooved to forestall slipping.
B. Lighting and Ventilation
Lighting is another important requirement of the slaughterhouse. Electricity
connection will be obtained from CAGELCO, but a diesel generator is provided
for emergency supply of electricity. Transparent insets can also be made in the
roofing at vantage points to provide natural lighting or sky lighting. Wide lintel
windows (e.g. aluminum frame), covered with gauze to exclude insects, also serve
the same purpose, as well as provide ventilation.
C. Waste Management
The liquid and solid waste in slaughterhouse should not be spill into existing rivers
or lakes. Disposal of effluents that emit noxious odors and/or compromise the
waters of the country should not be allowed.
The proper/safe disposal of liquid and solid waste should be the following:
Separation of blood
- The blood from slaughtered animals will coagulate into a solid mass,
which may block up the both open and closed drains. It is therefore
recommended that the blood is collected and used for human
consumption or fertilizer.
Screening of solid
- The solid waste (meat, piece of bones and hooves) must be screened.
This may be done by providing the drains with vertical sieves.
Trapping of Grease
- Effluents from slaughterhouses always contain small amounts of fat
(melted fat or small pieces of fatty tissues). Grease traps should be
installed in the drains.
Page 9 of 12
Collecting of residual waste
- The waste like dung, manure, uneaten food and residues from meat can
be used to produce biogas. Biogas is used as renewable energy for the
plants and the end product of waste processing can be used as a
fertilizer.
D. Workers Hygiene
The hand-washing, careful and frequent hand-washing will do much to reduce
contamination. There should be two sites where the staff can wash their hands:
- The rest room
- The working area
Hand washing facilities must be placed close to the working places. If the handwashing facilities are situated in particular areas away from working places, there
is a great risk that they will not be used. The management of slaughterhouse may
require the use of antibacterial soap and the use of nail brush because bacteria
often hide along and under the nails.
Make sure that hand washing must be applied:
- Before work starts
- After using the toilets
- After touching dirty objects and materials
- After smoking and eating
E. Equipment in slaughterhouse
Working Clothes
- The clothing of slaughterhouse workers must be clean. The purpose is
not to protect the worker against contamination but to protect the
meat/food against contamination. Working clothes must be used
exclusively in the working area. Working clothes should be comfortable
and easy to wash. Their design should encourage good hygiene habits.
Light colored working clothes show the need for cleaning earlier than
dark colored working clothes.
Hair covering
- Human hair and bears are normally heavily contaminated with
bacteria and to prevent contamination of food a hair or beard covering
in the process area is a necessary part of the working clothes.
Equipment (Hook, Boning knifes, Slaughter knifes, Skinning knifes, Ham knifes
and others)
- The cleaning of the equipment is necessary by sterilizing with hot water
instead of chemical disinfectants.
F. Health of workers and animals
Good health is important for workers in the meat industry. Ill persons will often
be carries of more microorganisms (pathogenic microorganisms) that is usually
the case. These microorganisms may then be transmitted to the meat/food with
the risk of causing disease to the consumers. Illness must always be reported to
Page 10 of 12
the manager or the meat inspector of the slaughterhouse who will decide if the
worker can stay or has to leave.
The health of the animals to be butchered in the slaughterhouse should be
properly monitored by the veterinarian assigned in order to be safe for
consumption in the market.
G. Human Resource Requirement
To improve slaughter hygiene and meat quality, reduce raw material losses,
increase utilization of by-products, and thereby increase profitability. To meet
this objective, proper training is required for the meat workers who are to operate
these facilities.
H. Lairage
The lairage area is covered providing protections against adverse weather
conditions for livestock waiting for slaughtering. It is constructed of suitable
impervious material so as to facilitate easy and thorough cleaning. Facilities have
also been provided for the ante-mortem inspection to take place and detention
facilities of animals that requires further inspection and evaluation. The floors
and passage ways are impervious and properly sloped to ensure the satisfactory
drainage. The floor has been surfaced to ensure that the animals have a safe
foothold. Furthermore the lairage also contains feed trough (only when the
Cattles are kept twenty four hours at slaughterhouse before slaughtering) and
water troughs in each pen or stall.
I. Transportation of slaughtered meats and by-products
The facility has several refrigerated trucks to carry its products from the plant to
the market. The refrigerator in trucks are deigned to maintain the temperature of
the meat so as to avoid any bacterial growth.
These refrigerated trucks are cleaned every time a new shipment is prepared so as
to avoid any cross contamination prior to loading of the product.
J. The site of slaughterhouse building
The slaughterhouse should be located away from residential areas and where
flooding is impossible.
Access for animals by road must be assured.
Sufficient space is required to dig pits for condemned animals, compost stacks,
lavatories, and for disposal of liquid and solid waste.
V.
Conclusion
Historically livestock has been dominated by small farmers to meet their needs of
nutrients and proteins, food security and cash income on daily basis. Moreover,
livestock is considered a source of livelihood at rural level, helping to reduce disparity in
income, and provides security in case of any untoward eventuality of crop failure. It
Page 11 of 12
plays an important role in poverty alleviation and can uplift the socioeconomic
conditions of our rural masses.
The goal of this project is to enhance the economic viability and sustainability of
livestock farming by ensuring access to affordable, reliable and high-quality
slaughtering and processing services. In the same manner the meat consumers in the
vicinity and the neighboring towns will be assured of quality, clean and fresh meat.
The city government of Tuguegarao will greatly benefit on the project through the
charges and user’s fee generated that will improve the financial capability of the Local
Government Unit.
This project is also environmental-friendly because the construction of this
building will obliged to the law.
Page 12 of 12
Introduction
The City of Tuguegarao is the capital city of Cagayan & the regional capital of
Region 2, made known to be the Premier Ibanag City. It is located on a peninsula
nestled in the verdant Cagayan Valley. It is sheltered by the Sierra Madre Mountains in
the East; Cordilleras in the West; and, the Caraballo Mountains in the South. It grew on
the banks of the mighty Cagayan River and the swift Pinacanauan River, near the
southern border of the province.
It is blessed with natural resources primarily agricultural and aquatic marine
resources. Hog fattening and other animal production is the livelihood activity of most
farm families.
The city has identified several projects to hasten its social and economic growth.
Included in its list of priorities is the establishment of a slaughterhouse to serve the
slaughtering services need of its growing populace.
The construction of abattoir or slaughterhouse will produce high-quality
slaughtered meat for public consumption. It will also address the fear of consumers on
the quality of meat being processed and sold at the public market. The city aims to
achieve this with the following objectives:
1. To establish sanitary slaughter process;
2. To provide every consumer a disease-free and quality meat and its byproducts;
3. To protect its people against meat-borne diseases;
4. To eradicate the sale of “Hot Meat”
5. To reduce economic losses due to premature spoilage of meat caused by
microbial contamination usually prevalent in unhygienic facilities.
Marketing and sale of meat requires inspection before and after slaughter, that
way it will safeguard public health and satisfy consumers at the same time. The
responsibility for achieving this objective lies primarily with the relevant public health
authorities.
The abbatoir will create an environmentally friendly identity through
undertaking the proper and efficient way of waste disposals to avoid harming and
distorting the people.
II. Location Map
The proposed location had been chosen considering such factors as the
availability of resources, accesibility to the potential customers, high elevation due to
flooding and the environment of the business which fall under agro-industrial land type
as being classified by the DENR which is the only approved land type and location for
the establishment of a Abbatoir.
Page 1 of 12
Because of the very nature of the proposed project, a none-residential area has
been the prime consideration in choosing the site of the business.
The abbatoir will be situated at Brgy. Cataggaman Pardo, Tueguarao City,
Cagayan.
Page 2 of 12
III. Environmental Management Plan
Items of works
1. Mobilization of
equipment and
materials
Impact
-Disturbance to
people
-Can cause traffic
and accidents to
the commuters if
equipment and
materials are not
well organized
2. Surveying
3. Clearing and
-Choose the best
site that can’t
damage to natural
habitats during
construction
activities
-Would create
Mitigation
-Installation of
billboards and
signage to inform
people for their
safety
-Hiring of traffic
enforcer or
installation of
temporary traffic
lights to prevent
disturbance and
traffic to commuters
-Creating a parking
and storage area for
the equipment and
materials away from
road
-Environmental
principles must be
followed
-Marking of survey
points must be done
with the Engineers
approval
-No vegetation may
Laws
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE(P.D.)NO.
1096 CHAPTER XX
SIGNS SECTION
2004The supports and
anchorages of all
signs or sign
structures shall be
placed in or upon
private property
and shall be
constructed in
conformity with the
requirements of the
Code.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1152
SECTION 23
National Land Use
Scheme –
The Human
Settlements
Commission, in
coordination with
the appropriate
agencies of the
government, shall
formulate and
recommend to the
National
Environmental
Protection Council
a land use scheme
consistent with the
purpose of this
Title
PRESIDENTIAL
Page 3 of 12
grubbing
dust, and soil
erosion
-Loss of
vegetation and
tress
be cleared without
the permission from
the Engineer
-Permit from the
authorities before
cutting the trees
-Avoid possible
areas like highly
erodible soils and
steep slopes which
are prone to water
and wind erosion
4. Health
Sanitation and
Safety
-Different
diseases that
might be caught
by the workers
-Accidents due to
scattered
materials
-Safety officer
should be available
to guide the workers
on how properly
equip their personal
protective
equipment.
-Provide disposal
sites for
disposal/segregatio
n of garbage
-Availability of
Potable water
DECREE No. 953
- Requiring the
planting of trees in
certain places and
penalizing
unauthorized
cutting,
destruction,
damaging and
injuring of certain
trees, plants and
vegetation.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1152
Section 34
Measures in Flood
Control Program
-In addition to the
pertinent
provisions of
existing laws, the
following shall be
included in a soil
erosion, sediment
and flood control
program.
Executive Order
No. 23 (Anti-illegal
Logging Law)
R.A. 9003
-an act providing
for an ecological
solid waste
management
program, creating
the necessary
institutional
mechanisms and
incentives,
declaring certain
acts prohibited and
providing penalties
appropriating
funds therefor, and
for other purposes.
P.D. 825
Page 4 of 12
-providing penalty
for improper
disposal of garbage
and other forms of
uncleanliness and
for other purposes.
5. Excavation
-Soil Erosion
-Surface water
contamination
-Install erosion and
sediment control
measures if possible
before construction
commences.
-Excavate during
sunny days to avoid
potential erosion
and sedimentation
6. Form works
and
scaffoldings
-We use timber
whether it is from
a managed forest
and sustainable
resource are also
important
environmental
considerations.
-Drainage channels
should be provided
on site to convey
storm water to sand
traps for removal of
soil particles.
-Before cutting trees
for the timber you
must have permit
from the authorities.
If possible
replacement must
be done.
DAO 94-26A
-Philippine
standards for
drinking water
1993 under the
provision of
Chapter II, Section
9 of PD 856,
otherwise known as
code on sanitation
of the Philippines.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1152
Section 34
Measures in Flood
Control Program
In addition to the
pertinent
provisions of
existing laws, the
following shall be
included in a soil
erosion, sediment
and flood control
program.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 330
Penalizing timber
smuggling or illegal
cutting of logs from
public forests and
forest reserves as
qualified theft.
-Noise
disturbances due
to cutting of steel
7. Concrete works
-Noise
-Fitting proper
PRESIDENTIAL
Page 5 of 12
disturbances due
to equipment
used in the
construction site.
-Too much dust
due to the
excavated soil
from the
construction site
can cause air
pollution.
8. Steel Works
-Noise
disturbances due
to cutting and
grinding tools
-May affect the
health of the
welder
9. Roof Works
-Noise
disturbance due
to installing G.I.
Sheets
mufflers to vehicles
and construction
equipment’s to
minimize noise
pollution.
DECREE NO. 1152
Section 2.
PurposesThe purposes of
this title are:
-The spraying of
water around the
areas of the
construction site
during construction
work must be done
to mitigate the
escape of dust
particles to the
atmosphere.
-To achieve and
maintain such
levels of air quality
as to protect public
health and
-Avoid doing this
work during
nighttime
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE No. 1152
Section 5.
Community Noise
Standards. –
Appropriate
standards for
community noise
levels shall be
established
considering, among
others, location,
zoning and land use
-To prevent to the
greatest extent
practicable, injury
and/or damage to
plant and animal
life and property,
and promote the
social and
economic
development of the
country.
-Use new equipment
PRESIDENTIAL
because it is much
DECREE NO. 1152
quieter than old
Section 6.
equipment.
Standards for
For example, noiseNoise-Producing
reducing saw blades
Equipment- There
can cut noise levels
shall be established
in half
a standard for
noise-producing
-Use personal
equipment such as
protective
construction
equipment for
equipment
safety.
Page 6 of 12
10. Ceiling Works
11. Plumbing
-Noise
Disturbance
-No construction
during night time
-Plywood and
hardwood use
came from trees
affects the
environment
-Placement of
temporary
barriers/enclosures
in the construction
site to reduce noise
levels
-Improper
construction of
plumbing system
can cause soil
contamination
and affect the
health of the
people
-Water
contamination
-Before buying
hardwoods we make
sure that it has a
permit from DENR,
if cutting of trees are
performed to
produce hardwoods
we should replace it.
-Hire registered
master plumber of
the Philippines for
proper installation
of plumbing system
to avoid errors that
can cause soil
contamination and
affect the health of
the people.
classification.
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE No. 1152
Section 6.
Standards for
Noise-Producing
Equipment- There
shall be established
a standard for
noise-producing
equipment such as
construction
equipment.
-P.D. 330 and P.D.
953
-R.A. 9275- Clean
Water Act
-R.A. 1378Plumbing Code of
the Philippines
-Testing of water to
know if it is
contaminated.
12. Electrical
-Improper
installation can
cause fire and
accidents
-Do not use
plumbing pipes that
can leach lead into
drinking water.
-Hire skilled
electrician.
-Use safe electrical
lighting fixtures
Electrician should
follow the details in
the power and
electrical layout.
R.A. 7920Electrical Code of
the Philippines
R.A. 9514- Fire
Code of the
Philippines
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-The electrician
should follow the
general notes
indicated in the
plan. The electrician
should wear
Personal Protective
Equipment to
prevent accidents.
13. Painting and
Plastering
-Air pollution due
to dust of cement
use in plastering
-May affect health
to people due to
smell of paint and
thinner used.
14. Demobilize Site
-Improper
disposal of
materials used in
construction.
-It may have an
unexpected
accident to them
in that place
-Erect dust screen
on the side.
R.A. 8749 –
Philippine Clean
Air Act of 1999
-The workers should
use mask to prevent
them from inhaling
dust that can cause
respiratory diseases.
Use ecofriendly
paint.
-Proper disposal of
materials used in
construction.
-Wearing of
personal protective
equipment and have
precautionary
measures in
conducting the
activity to prevent
accidents.
R.A. 9003 – The
Solid Waste
Management Act of
2001
P.D. 442- Labor
Code of the
Philippines
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IV. Findings and Recommendation
A. Water and Drainage
The slaughterhouse must have a dependable source of clean water, preferably
pipe-borne, to maintain hygienic and sanitary services in the plant. The water
must be well distributed in terms of point-location inside the premises and must
be hot, if possible, for hygienic washing of products and facilities.
It would be useful, to install a reservoir or tank on the premises as a security
against shortages and breakdown of pumps.
Drainage of water is one of the main considerations in any slaughterhouse. All
washings or wet cleaning must course over the slaughter floor into a collecting
drainage and empty eventually outside the building. The floor should be designed
to slope toward the main collecting drain, the latter in turn to slope toward
exterior connecting pipes. The walls must have a hard smooth surface to prevent
staining with blood and fat and hence facilitate cleaning; on the other hand, the
floor must be rough or grooved to forestall slipping.
B. Lighting and Ventilation
Lighting is another important requirement of the slaughterhouse. Electricity
connection will be obtained from CAGELCO, but a diesel generator is provided
for emergency supply of electricity. Transparent insets can also be made in the
roofing at vantage points to provide natural lighting or sky lighting. Wide lintel
windows (e.g. aluminum frame), covered with gauze to exclude insects, also serve
the same purpose, as well as provide ventilation.
C. Waste Management
The liquid and solid waste in slaughterhouse should not be spill into existing rivers
or lakes. Disposal of effluents that emit noxious odors and/or compromise the
waters of the country should not be allowed.
The proper/safe disposal of liquid and solid waste should be the following:
Separation of blood
- The blood from slaughtered animals will coagulate into a solid mass,
which may block up the both open and closed drains. It is therefore
recommended that the blood is collected and used for human
consumption or fertilizer.
Screening of solid
- The solid waste (meat, piece of bones and hooves) must be screened.
This may be done by providing the drains with vertical sieves.
Trapping of Grease
- Effluents from slaughterhouses always contain small amounts of fat
(melted fat or small pieces of fatty tissues). Grease traps should be
installed in the drains.
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Collecting of residual waste
- The waste like dung, manure, uneaten food and residues from meat can
be used to produce biogas. Biogas is used as renewable energy for the
plants and the end product of waste processing can be used as a
fertilizer.
D. Workers Hygiene
The hand-washing, careful and frequent hand-washing will do much to reduce
contamination. There should be two sites where the staff can wash their hands:
- The rest room
- The working area
Hand washing facilities must be placed close to the working places. If the handwashing facilities are situated in particular areas away from working places, there
is a great risk that they will not be used. The management of slaughterhouse may
require the use of antibacterial soap and the use of nail brush because bacteria
often hide along and under the nails.
Make sure that hand washing must be applied:
- Before work starts
- After using the toilets
- After touching dirty objects and materials
- After smoking and eating
E. Equipment in slaughterhouse
Working Clothes
- The clothing of slaughterhouse workers must be clean. The purpose is
not to protect the worker against contamination but to protect the
meat/food against contamination. Working clothes must be used
exclusively in the working area. Working clothes should be comfortable
and easy to wash. Their design should encourage good hygiene habits.
Light colored working clothes show the need for cleaning earlier than
dark colored working clothes.
Hair covering
- Human hair and bears are normally heavily contaminated with
bacteria and to prevent contamination of food a hair or beard covering
in the process area is a necessary part of the working clothes.
Equipment (Hook, Boning knifes, Slaughter knifes, Skinning knifes, Ham knifes
and others)
- The cleaning of the equipment is necessary by sterilizing with hot water
instead of chemical disinfectants.
F. Health of workers and animals
Good health is important for workers in the meat industry. Ill persons will often
be carries of more microorganisms (pathogenic microorganisms) that is usually
the case. These microorganisms may then be transmitted to the meat/food with
the risk of causing disease to the consumers. Illness must always be reported to
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the manager or the meat inspector of the slaughterhouse who will decide if the
worker can stay or has to leave.
The health of the animals to be butchered in the slaughterhouse should be
properly monitored by the veterinarian assigned in order to be safe for
consumption in the market.
G. Human Resource Requirement
To improve slaughter hygiene and meat quality, reduce raw material losses,
increase utilization of by-products, and thereby increase profitability. To meet
this objective, proper training is required for the meat workers who are to operate
these facilities.
H. Lairage
The lairage area is covered providing protections against adverse weather
conditions for livestock waiting for slaughtering. It is constructed of suitable
impervious material so as to facilitate easy and thorough cleaning. Facilities have
also been provided for the ante-mortem inspection to take place and detention
facilities of animals that requires further inspection and evaluation. The floors
and passage ways are impervious and properly sloped to ensure the satisfactory
drainage. The floor has been surfaced to ensure that the animals have a safe
foothold. Furthermore the lairage also contains feed trough (only when the
Cattles are kept twenty four hours at slaughterhouse before slaughtering) and
water troughs in each pen or stall.
I. Transportation of slaughtered meats and by-products
The facility has several refrigerated trucks to carry its products from the plant to
the market. The refrigerator in trucks are deigned to maintain the temperature of
the meat so as to avoid any bacterial growth.
These refrigerated trucks are cleaned every time a new shipment is prepared so as
to avoid any cross contamination prior to loading of the product.
J. The site of slaughterhouse building
The slaughterhouse should be located away from residential areas and where
flooding is impossible.
Access for animals by road must be assured.
Sufficient space is required to dig pits for condemned animals, compost stacks,
lavatories, and for disposal of liquid and solid waste.
V.
Conclusion
Historically livestock has been dominated by small farmers to meet their needs of
nutrients and proteins, food security and cash income on daily basis. Moreover,
livestock is considered a source of livelihood at rural level, helping to reduce disparity in
income, and provides security in case of any untoward eventuality of crop failure. It
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plays an important role in poverty alleviation and can uplift the socioeconomic
conditions of our rural masses.
The goal of this project is to enhance the economic viability and sustainability of
livestock farming by ensuring access to affordable, reliable and high-quality
slaughtering and processing services. In the same manner the meat consumers in the
vicinity and the neighboring towns will be assured of quality, clean and fresh meat.
The city government of Tuguegarao will greatly benefit on the project through the
charges and user’s fee generated that will improve the financial capability of the Local
Government Unit.
This project is also environmental-friendly because the construction of this
building will obliged to the law.
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