ER equip.
Content
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
STRETCHERS In an emergency, there are many ways to move a victim to safety, ranging from one-person carries to stretchers and spineboards. The victim’s condition and the immediacy of danger will dictate the appropriate method. Remember, however, to give all necessary first aid BEFORE moving the victim.
The following discussion will familiarize you with the most common types of standard stretchers. When using a stretcher, you should consider a few general rules: • • •
•
Use standard stretchers when available, but be ready to improvise safe alternatives. When possible, bring the stretcher to the casualty. Always fasten the victim securely to the stretcher. Always move the victim FEET FIRST so the rear bearer can watch for signs of breathing difficulty.
STOKES STRETCHER.—The litter most commonly used for transporting sick or injured persons is called the Stokes stretcher. As shown in figure 3–27, the Stokes stretcher is essentially a wire basket supported by iron rods. Even if the stretcher is tipped or turned, the casualty can be held securely in place, making the Stokes adaptable to a variety of uses. This stretcher is particularly valuable for transferring injured persons to and from boats. As mentioned before, it can also be used with flotation devices to rescue injured survivors from the water. It is also used for direct ship-to-ship transfer of injured persons. Fifteen-foot handling lines are attached to each end for shipboard use in moving the victim.
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Figure 3–27.—Stokes stretcher. The Stokes stretcher should be padded with three blankets: two of them should be placed lengthwise (so that one will be under each of the casualty’s legs), and the third should be folded in half and placed in the upper part of the stretcher to protect the head and shoulders. The casualty should be lowered gently into the stretcher and made as comfortable as possible. The feet must be fastened to the end of the stretcher so that the casualty will not slide down. Another blanket (or more, if necessary) should be used to cover the casualty. The casualty must be fastened to the stretcher by means of straps that go over the chest, hips, and knees. Note that the straps go OVER the blanket or other covering, thus holding it in place. LITTER.—The litter, shown in figure 3–28, is a collapsible stretcher made of canvas and supported by wooden or aluminum poles. It is very useful for transporting battle casualties in the field. However, it is sometimes difficult to fasten the casualty onto the litter, and for this reason its use is somewhat limited aboard ship. The litter legs keep the patient off the ground. The legs fit into the restraining tracks of a jeep or field ambulance to hold the litter in place during transport.
Figure 3–28.—Opening a litter.
OXYGEN TANK
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
An oxygen tank is a storage vessel for oxygen, which is either held under pressure in gas cylinders or as liquid oxygen in a cryogenic storage tank. Breathing oxygen is delivered from the storage tank to the users by use of the following methods: oxygen mask, nasal cannula, full face diving mask, oxygen tent, and hyperbaric oxygen chamber.
INDICATION Oxygen is used as a medical treatment in both chronic and acute cases, and can be used in hospital, pre-hospital or entirely out of hospital, dependant on the needs of the patient and the views of the medical professional advising. Use in chronic conditions A common use of supplementary oxygen is in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common long term effect of smoking, who may require additional oxygen to breathe either during a temporary worsening of their condition, or throughout the day and night. It is indicated in COPD patients with PaO2 ≤ 55mmHg or SaO2 ≤ 88% and has been shown to increase lifespan Use in acute conditions Oxygen is widely used in emergency medicine, both in hospital and by emergency medical services or advanced first aiders. In the pre-hospital environment, high flow oxygen is definitively indicated for use in resuscitation, major trauma, anaphylaxis, major haemorrhage, shock, active convulsions and hypothermia It may also be indicated for any other patient where their injury or illness has caused hypoxaemia, although in this case oxygen flow should be moderated to achieve target oxygen saturation levels, based on pulse oximetry (with a target level of 94–98% in most patients, or 88–92% in COPD patients). For personal use, high concentration oxygen is used as home therapy to abort cluster headache attacks, due to its vaso-constrictive effects.
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
An oxygen "tank" has three main components:
• •
•
Cylinder-Cylinders come in many different sizes. Some are small and are more typically used in rescue situations, while larger ones are used to either fill smaller cylinders, or are mounted in ambulances. Regulator- Regulators are used to control the rate at which oxygen leaves the cylinder. It also reflects the amount of pressure that the contents are under. The pressure gauge also provides information on the amount of oxygen remaining in the cylinder. There are also different types of regulators; some are meant for larger cylinders that fill smaller ones, and others are meant for cylinders that are used to deliver oxygen to users. Oxygen Delivery Device- This component is what provides oxygen to the user. These come in forms of: nasal cannula, simple face mask, partial rebreather mask, and the nonrebreather mask. There are also other types of Oxygen delivery devices. However, these are more common to the prehospital care and in hospital care personnel. Oxygen delivery devices also have tubing on them that is attached to the device at one end, with the tubing at the other end meant to be placed on an opening on the regulator at the other. PARTS Tank
•
This is also referred to as the cylinder. The tank is the largest part of the apparatus. It is made of metal and is what holds the oxygen in this apparatus. The oxygen is highly pressurized within this tank. Depending on the use for the oxygen tank, they can also vary in size. Small tanks are portable which allows them to be used for purposes such as rescue missions and personal medical use. Larger tanks are usually used to fill smaller containers. A portable medical oxygen tank has a wheeled cart so that it can be moved easily. Crush Gasket This is a plastic washer that comes on every new tank of oxygen and on refilled tanks. The plastic is usually of the Nylon brand. This is not a permanent piece to the oxygen tank. It is put on to ensure that no oxygen leaks from the tank during transport. When setting up a new oxygen tank for use, it is removed and discarded. Humidifier The humidifier is composed of a bottle and an adaptor. The adaptor is used to connect the humidifier to the regulator of the tank. It dispenses a mist of water that mixes with the oxygen before you breathe it in. This part is important because breathing the oxygen directly from the tank can dry a person's nose, mouth, throat, and skin. The water mist stops this from occurring. The water must either be distilled or sterile, as it is mixing with the oxygen a person is about to breathe in, and therefore needs to be as clean as possible. Regulator This piece is attached to the top of the oxygen tank cylinder. Both the flow meter and the pressure gauge are contained on the regulator. The regulator has its own purpose as well. It controls the amount of oxygen that is leaving the tank, and ensures it stays at a safe pressure. Flow Meter The flow meter is located on the regulator. It measures the amount of oxygen that is leaving the tank in liters per minute. The meter is either a vertical line with a small silver ball inside of it that rises or drops as the amount of oxygen leaving the tank changes, or a circle that has a small arrow inside of it that moves around the circle as the amount of oxygen leaving the tank changes.
•
•
•
•
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Pressure Gauge • The pressure gauge is located on the regulator with the flow meter. This gauge measures the pressure still inside of the tank to display how much oxygen is remaining. A round, glass covered dial displays the amount of oxygen that is still contained in the tank. A full portable oxygen tank used for most medical purposes has 1800-2200 pounds per square inch (PSI). Sealing Washer • The sealing washer is located between the oxygen tank and the regulator. It is a washer made of either metal or metal and rubber. It ensures that there is a tight seal between the two components surrounding it so there is no oxygen leakage. Oxygen Delivery Apparatus • The oxygen delivery apparatus is any of a number of breathing apparatuses that transfers the oxygen from the actual tank to the person. This device could be a nasal cannula, nonrebreather mask, partial rebreather mask, or just a simple face mask. The device that is used differs based on the needs of the person using the oxygen tank. Oxygen travels through the regulator, flow meter, humidifier, and pressure gauge to get from the oxygen tank to the tube that connects to the breathing apparatus.
WEIGHING SCALE For Baby:
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
This Model Baby weight balance is specially made for measuring theweight of baby. After the load platform of it was remoced, it alsocould weightde the baby below 20kg on stand position. The baby weightbalance is advanced in structure and artistic in appearnace, as well asits steady and reliable. It is the necessary measuring instrument bothfor moderm family, hospital or any infantcare center, etc. Specifications Max.weighing:20kg Min.value per division:0.05kg(0-10kg) 0.1kg(10-20kg) For Adults:
Description: Body-weight balance is widely applicable to measure weight and height of people in enterprise, school, hospital, clinic and sports department, featuring advanced in shape.
Betadine
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Betadine is a brand name for a range povidoneiodine (PVPI) topical antiseptics. used by different manufacturers depending on the country involved. Betadine, like most PVPI products, is available in two formulations:
1. A solution, sold over-the-counter (OTC) for cleaning minor
wounds and used in hospitals to prepare a patient's skin prior to surgery.Solutions are 10% povidone-iodine in water.
2. A 'surgical scrub', which is a mixture of povidone-
iodine and detergent, sold OTC as a skin cleaner and disinfectant hand wash and used for cleansing hands prior to surgery and other aseptic procedures. Betadine is used in hospital settings as part of a regimen for PEP. Betadine may be used topically for surface infections of the human rectum. Betadine 0.7% is used for sore throat by rinsing the throat without swallowing it. For lacerations in horses (legs, knees, hocks, pasterns), betadine is widely used to prevent infections. It can be used to disinfect thrush in the medial sulcus of the hoof.
Sterile Water/ Sterile Saline Solution
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Sterile saline solution is widely used as IV fluid for dehydrated patients. In those cases where the patient cannot consume anything due to severe diarrhea or vomiting, it is administered to prevent dehydration. Here, the saline solution is combined with dextrose or glucose and is administered by the means of IV drip. It is also given to patients soon after a surgery. Patients need to fast for several hours before any major surgical operation. So, their body requires water and nutrients as soon as it is over and is supplied by the sterile saline solution. Those who tend to suffer from stuffy nose due to sinusitis or allergies can use sterile saline solution for the purpose of nasal irrigation. Unlike the decongestant nasal sprays, one can use a saline nasal spray for a long time without any fear of side effects. When it is poured into a nostril, it will rinse out the mucus build up inside the nasal cavity and clear up the nasal passage and sinus cavities. Traces of allergens like pollen or dander that irritate the nasal cavity and trigger allergies can also be eliminated with the help of nasal irrigation. Sterile solution is used to disinfect soft contact lenses. Calcium deposits and other debris tend to stick to the surface of contact lenses which need to be cleaned up thoroughly after every use. As the quality of this solution has lots of similarity with that of natural tears, storing the contact lenses in it will keep them in good condition. It is particularly good for people who have sensitive eyes. There are many other uses of this solution. Those who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment have a port implanted under their skin for administering the medicine. Sterile solution is used for cleansing up the ports after every chemotherapy session. It is also very useful for cleaning up various types of wounds on skin surface. You can also use sterile saline solution for piercings aftercare. Veterinarians also use sterile saline solution for diluting antibiotic medicines before administering them to animals like cats, dogs, horse, cattle, etc. It is also used for hydration purpose and washing off wounds on their body.
Indications
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
This parenteral preparation is indicated only for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered. Contraindications Sterile Water for Injection, USP must be made approximately isotonic prior to use. Warnings Intravenous administration of Sterile Water for Injection without a solute may result in hemolysis. Precautions Do not use for intravenous injection unless the osmolar concentration of additives results in an approximate isotonic admixture. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for choice of vehicle, appropriate dilution or volume for dissolving the drugs to be injected, including the route and rate of injection. Inspect reconstituted (diluted or dissolved) drugs for clarity (if soluble) and freedom from unexpected precipitation or discoloration prior to administration. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness have been established in pediatric patients. However, in neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Drug Interactions Some drugs for injection may be incompatible in a given vehicle, or when combined in the same vehicle or in a vehicle containing benzyl alcohol. Consult with pharmacist, if available. Use aseptic technique for single or multiple entry and withdrawal from all containers. When diluting or dissolving drugs, mix thoroughly and use promptly. Do not store reconstituted solutions of drugs for injection unless otherwise directed by the manufacturer of the solute. Do not use unless the solution is clear and seal intact. Do not reuse single-dose containers. Discard unused portion.
Adverse Reactions Reactions which may occur because of this solution, added drugs or the technique of reconstitution or administration include febrile response, local tenderness, abscess, tissue necrosis or infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection and extravasation.
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate countermeasures, and if possible, retrieve and save the remainder of the unused vehicle for examination. Overdosage Use only as a diluent or solvent. This parenteral preparation is unlikely to pose a threat of fluid overload except possibly in neonates or very small infants. In the event these should occur, re– evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures Sterile Water for Injection Dosage and Administration The volume of the preparation to be used for diluting or dissolving any drug for injection is dependent on the vehicle concentration, dose and route of administration as recommended by the manufacturer. This parenteral should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
.
Patient’s name: F.Y. Diet: DAT
Pav. # : 3 Adolescent ward Shift:7-11am
Bed # :300
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Diet : NPO Clear Liquids General Liquids Soft Diet Full Diet Others: DAT Level of consciousness: Conscious Abnormally Sleepy Unconscious Activity: Self Assisted Partially Assisted Fully Assisted Contraptions: O2 Inhalation: 3L via nasal cannula NGT: __________________ IVF: D5LRx KVO @700cc level Main line: __________________ Side drip: __________________ BT:_____________ Urinary Catheter: __________________ Condom Indwelling Others:_________
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
STRETCHERS In an emergency, there are many ways to move a victim to safety, ranging from one-person carries to stretchers and spineboards. The victim’s condition and the immediacy of danger will dictate the appropriate method. Remember, however, to give all necessary first aid BEFORE moving the victim.
The following discussion will familiarize you with the most common types of standard stretchers. When using a stretcher, you should consider a few general rules: • • •
•
Use standard stretchers when available, but be ready to improvise safe alternatives. When possible, bring the stretcher to the casualty. Always fasten the victim securely to the stretcher. Always move the victim FEET FIRST so the rear bearer can watch for signs of breathing difficulty.
STOKES STRETCHER.—The litter most commonly used for transporting sick or injured persons is called the Stokes stretcher. As shown in figure 3–27, the Stokes stretcher is essentially a wire basket supported by iron rods. Even if the stretcher is tipped or turned, the casualty can be held securely in place, making the Stokes adaptable to a variety of uses. This stretcher is particularly valuable for transferring injured persons to and from boats. As mentioned before, it can also be used with flotation devices to rescue injured survivors from the water. It is also used for direct ship-to-ship transfer of injured persons. Fifteen-foot handling lines are attached to each end for shipboard use in moving the victim.
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Figure 3–27.—Stokes stretcher. The Stokes stretcher should be padded with three blankets: two of them should be placed lengthwise (so that one will be under each of the casualty’s legs), and the third should be folded in half and placed in the upper part of the stretcher to protect the head and shoulders. The casualty should be lowered gently into the stretcher and made as comfortable as possible. The feet must be fastened to the end of the stretcher so that the casualty will not slide down. Another blanket (or more, if necessary) should be used to cover the casualty. The casualty must be fastened to the stretcher by means of straps that go over the chest, hips, and knees. Note that the straps go OVER the blanket or other covering, thus holding it in place. LITTER.—The litter, shown in figure 3–28, is a collapsible stretcher made of canvas and supported by wooden or aluminum poles. It is very useful for transporting battle casualties in the field. However, it is sometimes difficult to fasten the casualty onto the litter, and for this reason its use is somewhat limited aboard ship. The litter legs keep the patient off the ground. The legs fit into the restraining tracks of a jeep or field ambulance to hold the litter in place during transport.
Figure 3–28.—Opening a litter.
OXYGEN TANK
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
An oxygen tank is a storage vessel for oxygen, which is either held under pressure in gas cylinders or as liquid oxygen in a cryogenic storage tank. Breathing oxygen is delivered from the storage tank to the users by use of the following methods: oxygen mask, nasal cannula, full face diving mask, oxygen tent, and hyperbaric oxygen chamber.
INDICATION Oxygen is used as a medical treatment in both chronic and acute cases, and can be used in hospital, pre-hospital or entirely out of hospital, dependant on the needs of the patient and the views of the medical professional advising. Use in chronic conditions A common use of supplementary oxygen is in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common long term effect of smoking, who may require additional oxygen to breathe either during a temporary worsening of their condition, or throughout the day and night. It is indicated in COPD patients with PaO2 ≤ 55mmHg or SaO2 ≤ 88% and has been shown to increase lifespan Use in acute conditions Oxygen is widely used in emergency medicine, both in hospital and by emergency medical services or advanced first aiders. In the pre-hospital environment, high flow oxygen is definitively indicated for use in resuscitation, major trauma, anaphylaxis, major haemorrhage, shock, active convulsions and hypothermia It may also be indicated for any other patient where their injury or illness has caused hypoxaemia, although in this case oxygen flow should be moderated to achieve target oxygen saturation levels, based on pulse oximetry (with a target level of 94–98% in most patients, or 88–92% in COPD patients). For personal use, high concentration oxygen is used as home therapy to abort cluster headache attacks, due to its vaso-constrictive effects.
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
An oxygen "tank" has three main components:
• •
•
Cylinder-Cylinders come in many different sizes. Some are small and are more typically used in rescue situations, while larger ones are used to either fill smaller cylinders, or are mounted in ambulances. Regulator- Regulators are used to control the rate at which oxygen leaves the cylinder. It also reflects the amount of pressure that the contents are under. The pressure gauge also provides information on the amount of oxygen remaining in the cylinder. There are also different types of regulators; some are meant for larger cylinders that fill smaller ones, and others are meant for cylinders that are used to deliver oxygen to users. Oxygen Delivery Device- This component is what provides oxygen to the user. These come in forms of: nasal cannula, simple face mask, partial rebreather mask, and the nonrebreather mask. There are also other types of Oxygen delivery devices. However, these are more common to the prehospital care and in hospital care personnel. Oxygen delivery devices also have tubing on them that is attached to the device at one end, with the tubing at the other end meant to be placed on an opening on the regulator at the other. PARTS Tank
•
This is also referred to as the cylinder. The tank is the largest part of the apparatus. It is made of metal and is what holds the oxygen in this apparatus. The oxygen is highly pressurized within this tank. Depending on the use for the oxygen tank, they can also vary in size. Small tanks are portable which allows them to be used for purposes such as rescue missions and personal medical use. Larger tanks are usually used to fill smaller containers. A portable medical oxygen tank has a wheeled cart so that it can be moved easily. Crush Gasket This is a plastic washer that comes on every new tank of oxygen and on refilled tanks. The plastic is usually of the Nylon brand. This is not a permanent piece to the oxygen tank. It is put on to ensure that no oxygen leaks from the tank during transport. When setting up a new oxygen tank for use, it is removed and discarded. Humidifier The humidifier is composed of a bottle and an adaptor. The adaptor is used to connect the humidifier to the regulator of the tank. It dispenses a mist of water that mixes with the oxygen before you breathe it in. This part is important because breathing the oxygen directly from the tank can dry a person's nose, mouth, throat, and skin. The water mist stops this from occurring. The water must either be distilled or sterile, as it is mixing with the oxygen a person is about to breathe in, and therefore needs to be as clean as possible. Regulator This piece is attached to the top of the oxygen tank cylinder. Both the flow meter and the pressure gauge are contained on the regulator. The regulator has its own purpose as well. It controls the amount of oxygen that is leaving the tank, and ensures it stays at a safe pressure. Flow Meter The flow meter is located on the regulator. It measures the amount of oxygen that is leaving the tank in liters per minute. The meter is either a vertical line with a small silver ball inside of it that rises or drops as the amount of oxygen leaving the tank changes, or a circle that has a small arrow inside of it that moves around the circle as the amount of oxygen leaving the tank changes.
•
•
•
•
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Pressure Gauge • The pressure gauge is located on the regulator with the flow meter. This gauge measures the pressure still inside of the tank to display how much oxygen is remaining. A round, glass covered dial displays the amount of oxygen that is still contained in the tank. A full portable oxygen tank used for most medical purposes has 1800-2200 pounds per square inch (PSI). Sealing Washer • The sealing washer is located between the oxygen tank and the regulator. It is a washer made of either metal or metal and rubber. It ensures that there is a tight seal between the two components surrounding it so there is no oxygen leakage. Oxygen Delivery Apparatus • The oxygen delivery apparatus is any of a number of breathing apparatuses that transfers the oxygen from the actual tank to the person. This device could be a nasal cannula, nonrebreather mask, partial rebreather mask, or just a simple face mask. The device that is used differs based on the needs of the person using the oxygen tank. Oxygen travels through the regulator, flow meter, humidifier, and pressure gauge to get from the oxygen tank to the tube that connects to the breathing apparatus.
WEIGHING SCALE For Baby:
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
This Model Baby weight balance is specially made for measuring theweight of baby. After the load platform of it was remoced, it alsocould weightde the baby below 20kg on stand position. The baby weightbalance is advanced in structure and artistic in appearnace, as well asits steady and reliable. It is the necessary measuring instrument bothfor moderm family, hospital or any infantcare center, etc. Specifications Max.weighing:20kg Min.value per division:0.05kg(0-10kg) 0.1kg(10-20kg) For Adults:
Description: Body-weight balance is widely applicable to measure weight and height of people in enterprise, school, hospital, clinic and sports department, featuring advanced in shape.
Betadine
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Betadine is a brand name for a range povidoneiodine (PVPI) topical antiseptics. used by different manufacturers depending on the country involved. Betadine, like most PVPI products, is available in two formulations:
1. A solution, sold over-the-counter (OTC) for cleaning minor
wounds and used in hospitals to prepare a patient's skin prior to surgery.Solutions are 10% povidone-iodine in water.
2. A 'surgical scrub', which is a mixture of povidone-
iodine and detergent, sold OTC as a skin cleaner and disinfectant hand wash and used for cleansing hands prior to surgery and other aseptic procedures. Betadine is used in hospital settings as part of a regimen for PEP. Betadine may be used topically for surface infections of the human rectum. Betadine 0.7% is used for sore throat by rinsing the throat without swallowing it. For lacerations in horses (legs, knees, hocks, pasterns), betadine is widely used to prevent infections. It can be used to disinfect thrush in the medial sulcus of the hoof.
Sterile Water/ Sterile Saline Solution
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Sterile saline solution is widely used as IV fluid for dehydrated patients. In those cases where the patient cannot consume anything due to severe diarrhea or vomiting, it is administered to prevent dehydration. Here, the saline solution is combined with dextrose or glucose and is administered by the means of IV drip. It is also given to patients soon after a surgery. Patients need to fast for several hours before any major surgical operation. So, their body requires water and nutrients as soon as it is over and is supplied by the sterile saline solution. Those who tend to suffer from stuffy nose due to sinusitis or allergies can use sterile saline solution for the purpose of nasal irrigation. Unlike the decongestant nasal sprays, one can use a saline nasal spray for a long time without any fear of side effects. When it is poured into a nostril, it will rinse out the mucus build up inside the nasal cavity and clear up the nasal passage and sinus cavities. Traces of allergens like pollen or dander that irritate the nasal cavity and trigger allergies can also be eliminated with the help of nasal irrigation. Sterile solution is used to disinfect soft contact lenses. Calcium deposits and other debris tend to stick to the surface of contact lenses which need to be cleaned up thoroughly after every use. As the quality of this solution has lots of similarity with that of natural tears, storing the contact lenses in it will keep them in good condition. It is particularly good for people who have sensitive eyes. There are many other uses of this solution. Those who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment have a port implanted under their skin for administering the medicine. Sterile solution is used for cleansing up the ports after every chemotherapy session. It is also very useful for cleaning up various types of wounds on skin surface. You can also use sterile saline solution for piercings aftercare. Veterinarians also use sterile saline solution for diluting antibiotic medicines before administering them to animals like cats, dogs, horse, cattle, etc. It is also used for hydration purpose and washing off wounds on their body.
Indications
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
This parenteral preparation is indicated only for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered. Contraindications Sterile Water for Injection, USP must be made approximately isotonic prior to use. Warnings Intravenous administration of Sterile Water for Injection without a solute may result in hemolysis. Precautions Do not use for intravenous injection unless the osmolar concentration of additives results in an approximate isotonic admixture. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for choice of vehicle, appropriate dilution or volume for dissolving the drugs to be injected, including the route and rate of injection. Inspect reconstituted (diluted or dissolved) drugs for clarity (if soluble) and freedom from unexpected precipitation or discoloration prior to administration. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness have been established in pediatric patients. However, in neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Drug Interactions Some drugs for injection may be incompatible in a given vehicle, or when combined in the same vehicle or in a vehicle containing benzyl alcohol. Consult with pharmacist, if available. Use aseptic technique for single or multiple entry and withdrawal from all containers. When diluting or dissolving drugs, mix thoroughly and use promptly. Do not store reconstituted solutions of drugs for injection unless otherwise directed by the manufacturer of the solute. Do not use unless the solution is clear and seal intact. Do not reuse single-dose containers. Discard unused portion.
Adverse Reactions Reactions which may occur because of this solution, added drugs or the technique of reconstitution or administration include febrile response, local tenderness, abscess, tissue necrosis or infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection and extravasation.
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate countermeasures, and if possible, retrieve and save the remainder of the unused vehicle for examination. Overdosage Use only as a diluent or solvent. This parenteral preparation is unlikely to pose a threat of fluid overload except possibly in neonates or very small infants. In the event these should occur, re– evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures Sterile Water for Injection Dosage and Administration The volume of the preparation to be used for diluting or dissolving any drug for injection is dependent on the vehicle concentration, dose and route of administration as recommended by the manufacturer. This parenteral should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
.
Patient’s name: F.Y. Diet: DAT
Pav. # : 3 Adolescent ward Shift:7-11am
Bed # :300
University of Perpetual Help System of Laguna Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
Sto. Niño, Biñan, Laguna
College of Nursing EMERGENCY ROOM EQUIPMENTS
Diet : NPO Clear Liquids General Liquids Soft Diet Full Diet Others: DAT Level of consciousness: Conscious Abnormally Sleepy Unconscious Activity: Self Assisted Partially Assisted Fully Assisted Contraptions: O2 Inhalation: 3L via nasal cannula NGT: __________________ IVF: D5LRx KVO @700cc level Main line: __________________ Side drip: __________________ BT:_____________ Urinary Catheter: __________________ Condom Indwelling Others:_________
