EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
Content
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 1. A method of extracting oil from seeds comprising the steps of: A. Providing an impervious first surface; B. Providing walls extending from the first surface forming a cavity; C .Forming a path from inside the cavity to the outside of the cavity, the path being formed between the walls and the first surface; D. Placing a plurality of seeds within the cavity; E. Placing a plunger having an actuator operatively connected to the plunger over the seeds within the cavity; F.Providing a resilient member between the actuator and the plunger; and G. Actuating the actuator to apply a force to the plunger to crush the seeds between the plunger and the first surface forcing extracted oil from the seeds to exit the cavity through the path.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the walls are comprised of a cylindrical tube and wherein the first surface has a rounded shape and an edge along the periphery of the first surface. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of forming a gap between the edge of the first surface and the cylindrical tube. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the path is comprised of a notch formed in the first surface. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient material is comprised of rubber. 6. A method of extracting oil from seeds comprising the steps of: • • • • • • • Providing a first surface; Providing walls extending from the first surface forming a cavity; Forming a path from inside the cavity to the outside of the cavity; Placing a plurality of seeds within the cavity; Placing a plunger over the seeds within the cavity; and Providing an actuator operatively coupled to the plunger; Providing a resilient material between the actuator and the plunger;
•
Actuating the actuator to apply a force to the plunger to crush the seeds between the plunger and the first surface forcing extracted oil from the seeds to exit the cavity through the path.
How to Extract Essential Oil Using Acetone
Making you own essential oils is possible and relatively simple, though the right solvent and procedure to extract the oils is necessary for a successful batch. While it may take practice to get the exact quality of essential oil that you want, the method is straightforward and moderately forgiving. Learn what you need to do here and now to become an expert laboratory technician of oil extraction. PROCEDURES Things to be used:
• • • • •
Acetone (available at your local pharmacy) 2 medium-sized clean bowls Potato masher (or similar implement to mash plant matter) Cheese cloth (to strain liquid) Rubber tube siphon
1. 1 Put the plant matter in a bowl and mash it up. Plants such as basil, thyme, lavender, even the peel off a lemon can be used. Place about five of the same plant tops and stems with their leaves (if appropriate) into a bowl. Mash them so that every stem and leaf has a cut opening to its inside juice. The overall effectiveness of your finished product can be guaranteed by the consistent and thorough pulverizing of your plant matter. 2. 2 Pour the acetone solvent in the bowl containing the plant mash. Be sure that all parts of the plant mash are completely covered by the Acetone. 3. 3 Store your bowl of "solution" in a well-ventilated, cool place---preferably outside. While it is important that your solution stays cool to do its magic, be certain it is also sheltered from direct sunlight, flying insects and other such typical outside irk. A screened porch can be the perfect solution for your solution. Wait 1 week. 4. 4 Filter the mash after the week waiting period. Take the cheesecloth and cover the opening of the bowl with it. Gently separate the plant matter from the liquid by pouring the liquid substance into another bowl. You should have two liquids now, one on top of the other.
5. 5 Your very own essential oil. Draw off the top liquid oil using the rubber tube siphon. This top oil is the essential oil. You may even siphon off the bottom half of the two-tone liquid--which is the left-over water and whatever impurities that were present in the solution during its process time.
How to Extract Essential Oils Essential oil is a general term used to define a large variety of aromatic products like essence oils, resinoids, concretes, absolutes etc. The main aim of any of the extraction processes is to obtain the oils from the aromatic essence molecules of a particular plant. These molecules are present in different parts of each plant. Lavender oil is extracted from the lavender flower, orange is extracted from the rinds of the fruit, cinnamon from the bark of the tree, pine from the needles of the pine tree and so on. Therefore, to extract essential oils, a certain part of the plant is required. Methods to Extract Essential Oil Steam Distillation Process This is the most popular, and at the same time, the oldest method to extract essential oils. It is believed that this method of essential oil extraction started as early as the 8th century. The reason behind the popularity of this method is that many people opine that this method helps to extract the most superior quality of essential oils. This method can be used to extract oil from roots, stems, seeds, leaves, and flowers. Essential oils for aromatherapy are extracted with the help of this method. For this method, two large containers are required. The first container holds steamed water and the raw material from which the oil has to be extracted. This is then heated at a low pressure. Due to the simmering heat, the essential oils are released into the water and change into vapor. The extracted oil is then passed on to the second container through a vent. The cold water present in the second container converts the vapor of the essential oil into liquid. Then the mixture of oil and water is made to pass through an alembic so that the oil separates from water. Apart from the oils, you also get some other by-product at the end of this process. Rose water, orange water, and lavender water is obtained after the floral distillation process. Effleurage Process This method is highly expensive and is used to extract essential oils from those flowers that are delicate in nature like rose, jasmine, violet, etc. Here, a thick layer of vegetable oil is applied on a glass sheet which is then placed on a wooden rack. Then the flower petals are kept on the glass and the glass is placed under the sun. Due to the heat of the sun, the essential oil of the flowers gets extracted and mixes with the vegetable oil. Once the vegetable oil gets saturated with the essential oil of the flower, the mixture is dissolved in alcohol and left untouched. When the alcohol evaporates, the essential oil is obtained in its purest form. Sometimes, animal fat is also used in place of vegetable oil. Solvent Extraction Process This is another method which is good for extracting oil from delicate flowers. For this process, hydrocarbon solvents like petroleum ether are used. A metallic tray with perforations is used, on which the flower petals are kept. Then the solvent is sprayed on them, which gets absorbed by the petals. As a result, the essence of the flower gets
released. Then alcohol is added to the concentrated essence. When the alcohol dries up, the fatty substances are removed and the essential oil is left behind. Maceration Process This method is used not only for extraction of essential oils, but also to create resins. It is very similar to the enfleurage process. Here, the raw materials are soaked in vegetable oil which is then heated artificially to extort the oils from them. Then the vegetable oil is strained to get the essential oil. Essential oils extracted in this way are often used for body massages. When instead of oil, other solvents like water or alcohol are used for soaking the plant matter, then a thick extract or resinous substance is obtained at the end of the process. The quality of essential oil mainly depends on the method used to extract it. It also largely depends on the quality and quantity of the raw materials used to extract essential oils. Good quality raw material can be obtained if the soil is good and the plant is grown in a geographic location where the climatic condition is suitable for the plant.
METHODS OF EXTRACTING ESSENTIAL OILS
Hydrodistillation This method of distillation is the most ancient and is still used in most backward countries. In this method of extraction, the plants are fully submerged in water, till a soup is formed. This soup is then heated and the resultant steam contains the aromatic plant molecules. This method runs the risk of burning the essential oils by the still running dry or getting overheated. The resulting EO may have an offensive burnt smell. Hydrodistillation should be used for powders and on very tough materials like roots, wood, or nuts. Distillation This is the most commonly used method for producing majority of the true essential oils. The processes might differ but the basic principle is that steam produced by heating water carries the most volatile chemicals of the aromatic material with it. A condenser is used to chill the steam and the resultant distillate is collected. The essential oil, in most of the cases, will be found floating on top of the distilled water component (the hydrosol) and can be separated easily. Steam Distillation True Steam distillation involves the use of an outside source of steam. This steam is piped into the distillation unit, sometimes at high pressure. The steam passes through the aromatic material, carrying the most volatile chemicals of the aromatic material with it and exits into the condenser. Water & steam distillation This method is best for distilling leafy materials, but doesn't work well for tough materials like woods, roots, nuts, etc. In a water and steam distillation arrangement, the botanicals are supported in a basket kept over boiling water. This ensures that the plant material is exposed only to the rising steam vapors. Solvent Extraction Certain aromatics like Linden Blossom , Jasmine, etc. ,being very delicate, can not be extracted through the process of distillation. A process of solvent extraction must be used to capture their essence. Perforated trays of blossoms are loaded onto an extracting unit and washed repeatedly with an appropriate solvent. Non-aromatic waxes, pigments, highly volatile aromatic molecules etc., which comprise the extractable matter from the plant is dissolved by the solvent. This resulting solution, which contains the solvent and dissolvable plant material, is then filtered. The filterate is then subjected to low pressure distillation and the solvent
is recovered for further use. What remains is a waxy mass called the concrete containing the volatile oil. The waxy material is removed by processing the concentrated concretes, and the dilute form of the pure essential oil is formed. To prepare the absolute from the concrete, the waxy concrete is warmed and stirred with an appropriate alcohol. During this process the concrete breaks up into minute globules. An efficient separation of the aromatic molecules and the wax takes place since the former is relatively more soluble in alcohol than wax. Although, during this process, certain amount of wax also becomes dissolved this can be removed by agitating and freezing the solution at very low temperatures resulting in the wax precipitating out. The absolute or the wax-free material is finally extracted by subjecting the purified solution to cold filtration. This solvent extraction actually yields three usable products; the concrete, the absolutes and the floral waxes. These floral waxes can be added to candles, thickening creams and lotions to provide a floral scented alternative to beeswax.
Importance of the study This study aims to determine the herbal use of the different prts of the plant. The Artocarpus heterophylla is known to have medicinal property and it can be use use as alternative wound healing process in an effective and affordable way. The result of expirement wills benefits to the following: Department of health-this research supported the program which was to provide affordable to all Filipino and in support to DOH Memorandum circular no.39 S.2003 stating that medicinal plants should be included in the annual procurement plants. Clients-this study will give additional information with the use of this plant as an herbal medicine for wound healing. For cost containmemt measure. Community-it encourages the use of herbal plants for wound healing. Health Care ProviderUCC Administration and college of Nursing-the study shows the importance of research in promoting new knowledge and the development of herbal medicines. Researcher-our study broadens our knowledge and give additional information to us about the use of this plant for wound healing
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the walls are comprised of a cylindrical tube and wherein the first surface has a rounded shape and an edge along the periphery of the first surface. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of forming a gap between the edge of the first surface and the cylindrical tube. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the path is comprised of a notch formed in the first surface. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient material is comprised of rubber. 6. A method of extracting oil from seeds comprising the steps of: • • • • • • • Providing a first surface; Providing walls extending from the first surface forming a cavity; Forming a path from inside the cavity to the outside of the cavity; Placing a plurality of seeds within the cavity; Placing a plunger over the seeds within the cavity; and Providing an actuator operatively coupled to the plunger; Providing a resilient material between the actuator and the plunger;
•
Actuating the actuator to apply a force to the plunger to crush the seeds between the plunger and the first surface forcing extracted oil from the seeds to exit the cavity through the path.
How to Extract Essential Oil Using Acetone
Making you own essential oils is possible and relatively simple, though the right solvent and procedure to extract the oils is necessary for a successful batch. While it may take practice to get the exact quality of essential oil that you want, the method is straightforward and moderately forgiving. Learn what you need to do here and now to become an expert laboratory technician of oil extraction. PROCEDURES Things to be used:
• • • • •
Acetone (available at your local pharmacy) 2 medium-sized clean bowls Potato masher (or similar implement to mash plant matter) Cheese cloth (to strain liquid) Rubber tube siphon
1. 1 Put the plant matter in a bowl and mash it up. Plants such as basil, thyme, lavender, even the peel off a lemon can be used. Place about five of the same plant tops and stems with their leaves (if appropriate) into a bowl. Mash them so that every stem and leaf has a cut opening to its inside juice. The overall effectiveness of your finished product can be guaranteed by the consistent and thorough pulverizing of your plant matter. 2. 2 Pour the acetone solvent in the bowl containing the plant mash. Be sure that all parts of the plant mash are completely covered by the Acetone. 3. 3 Store your bowl of "solution" in a well-ventilated, cool place---preferably outside. While it is important that your solution stays cool to do its magic, be certain it is also sheltered from direct sunlight, flying insects and other such typical outside irk. A screened porch can be the perfect solution for your solution. Wait 1 week. 4. 4 Filter the mash after the week waiting period. Take the cheesecloth and cover the opening of the bowl with it. Gently separate the plant matter from the liquid by pouring the liquid substance into another bowl. You should have two liquids now, one on top of the other.
5. 5 Your very own essential oil. Draw off the top liquid oil using the rubber tube siphon. This top oil is the essential oil. You may even siphon off the bottom half of the two-tone liquid--which is the left-over water and whatever impurities that were present in the solution during its process time.
How to Extract Essential Oils Essential oil is a general term used to define a large variety of aromatic products like essence oils, resinoids, concretes, absolutes etc. The main aim of any of the extraction processes is to obtain the oils from the aromatic essence molecules of a particular plant. These molecules are present in different parts of each plant. Lavender oil is extracted from the lavender flower, orange is extracted from the rinds of the fruit, cinnamon from the bark of the tree, pine from the needles of the pine tree and so on. Therefore, to extract essential oils, a certain part of the plant is required. Methods to Extract Essential Oil Steam Distillation Process This is the most popular, and at the same time, the oldest method to extract essential oils. It is believed that this method of essential oil extraction started as early as the 8th century. The reason behind the popularity of this method is that many people opine that this method helps to extract the most superior quality of essential oils. This method can be used to extract oil from roots, stems, seeds, leaves, and flowers. Essential oils for aromatherapy are extracted with the help of this method. For this method, two large containers are required. The first container holds steamed water and the raw material from which the oil has to be extracted. This is then heated at a low pressure. Due to the simmering heat, the essential oils are released into the water and change into vapor. The extracted oil is then passed on to the second container through a vent. The cold water present in the second container converts the vapor of the essential oil into liquid. Then the mixture of oil and water is made to pass through an alembic so that the oil separates from water. Apart from the oils, you also get some other by-product at the end of this process. Rose water, orange water, and lavender water is obtained after the floral distillation process. Effleurage Process This method is highly expensive and is used to extract essential oils from those flowers that are delicate in nature like rose, jasmine, violet, etc. Here, a thick layer of vegetable oil is applied on a glass sheet which is then placed on a wooden rack. Then the flower petals are kept on the glass and the glass is placed under the sun. Due to the heat of the sun, the essential oil of the flowers gets extracted and mixes with the vegetable oil. Once the vegetable oil gets saturated with the essential oil of the flower, the mixture is dissolved in alcohol and left untouched. When the alcohol evaporates, the essential oil is obtained in its purest form. Sometimes, animal fat is also used in place of vegetable oil. Solvent Extraction Process This is another method which is good for extracting oil from delicate flowers. For this process, hydrocarbon solvents like petroleum ether are used. A metallic tray with perforations is used, on which the flower petals are kept. Then the solvent is sprayed on them, which gets absorbed by the petals. As a result, the essence of the flower gets
released. Then alcohol is added to the concentrated essence. When the alcohol dries up, the fatty substances are removed and the essential oil is left behind. Maceration Process This method is used not only for extraction of essential oils, but also to create resins. It is very similar to the enfleurage process. Here, the raw materials are soaked in vegetable oil which is then heated artificially to extort the oils from them. Then the vegetable oil is strained to get the essential oil. Essential oils extracted in this way are often used for body massages. When instead of oil, other solvents like water or alcohol are used for soaking the plant matter, then a thick extract or resinous substance is obtained at the end of the process. The quality of essential oil mainly depends on the method used to extract it. It also largely depends on the quality and quantity of the raw materials used to extract essential oils. Good quality raw material can be obtained if the soil is good and the plant is grown in a geographic location where the climatic condition is suitable for the plant.
METHODS OF EXTRACTING ESSENTIAL OILS
Hydrodistillation This method of distillation is the most ancient and is still used in most backward countries. In this method of extraction, the plants are fully submerged in water, till a soup is formed. This soup is then heated and the resultant steam contains the aromatic plant molecules. This method runs the risk of burning the essential oils by the still running dry or getting overheated. The resulting EO may have an offensive burnt smell. Hydrodistillation should be used for powders and on very tough materials like roots, wood, or nuts. Distillation This is the most commonly used method for producing majority of the true essential oils. The processes might differ but the basic principle is that steam produced by heating water carries the most volatile chemicals of the aromatic material with it. A condenser is used to chill the steam and the resultant distillate is collected. The essential oil, in most of the cases, will be found floating on top of the distilled water component (the hydrosol) and can be separated easily. Steam Distillation True Steam distillation involves the use of an outside source of steam. This steam is piped into the distillation unit, sometimes at high pressure. The steam passes through the aromatic material, carrying the most volatile chemicals of the aromatic material with it and exits into the condenser. Water & steam distillation This method is best for distilling leafy materials, but doesn't work well for tough materials like woods, roots, nuts, etc. In a water and steam distillation arrangement, the botanicals are supported in a basket kept over boiling water. This ensures that the plant material is exposed only to the rising steam vapors. Solvent Extraction Certain aromatics like Linden Blossom , Jasmine, etc. ,being very delicate, can not be extracted through the process of distillation. A process of solvent extraction must be used to capture their essence. Perforated trays of blossoms are loaded onto an extracting unit and washed repeatedly with an appropriate solvent. Non-aromatic waxes, pigments, highly volatile aromatic molecules etc., which comprise the extractable matter from the plant is dissolved by the solvent. This resulting solution, which contains the solvent and dissolvable plant material, is then filtered. The filterate is then subjected to low pressure distillation and the solvent
is recovered for further use. What remains is a waxy mass called the concrete containing the volatile oil. The waxy material is removed by processing the concentrated concretes, and the dilute form of the pure essential oil is formed. To prepare the absolute from the concrete, the waxy concrete is warmed and stirred with an appropriate alcohol. During this process the concrete breaks up into minute globules. An efficient separation of the aromatic molecules and the wax takes place since the former is relatively more soluble in alcohol than wax. Although, during this process, certain amount of wax also becomes dissolved this can be removed by agitating and freezing the solution at very low temperatures resulting in the wax precipitating out. The absolute or the wax-free material is finally extracted by subjecting the purified solution to cold filtration. This solvent extraction actually yields three usable products; the concrete, the absolutes and the floral waxes. These floral waxes can be added to candles, thickening creams and lotions to provide a floral scented alternative to beeswax.
Importance of the study This study aims to determine the herbal use of the different prts of the plant. The Artocarpus heterophylla is known to have medicinal property and it can be use use as alternative wound healing process in an effective and affordable way. The result of expirement wills benefits to the following: Department of health-this research supported the program which was to provide affordable to all Filipino and in support to DOH Memorandum circular no.39 S.2003 stating that medicinal plants should be included in the annual procurement plants. Clients-this study will give additional information with the use of this plant as an herbal medicine for wound healing. For cost containmemt measure. Community-it encourages the use of herbal plants for wound healing. Health Care ProviderUCC Administration and college of Nursing-the study shows the importance of research in promoting new knowledge and the development of herbal medicines. Researcher-our study broadens our knowledge and give additional information to us about the use of this plant for wound healing
