Extraction

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Industrial seed oils are generally obtained with both mechanical and chemical separation processes. Mechanical separation processes are often associated with low yields and chemical separation process such as extraction methods in the majority of cases employ solvents such as hexane, which are dangerous to handle, and unacceptable as they are quite harmful to human health and environment. Supercritical fluids (SCFs) are the most commonly used solvent for the extraction of edible oils from natural products. Particularly, supercritical CO2 (SC CO2) is often promoted as an environmentally friendly solvent having useful properties for a wide range of chemical and biochemical processes. Therefore, jojoba seed oil as one of the top cosmetic lipid materials, natural or synthetic, in use today is one of the finest cosmetic ingredients in the world. Because, jojoba seed oil resists hydrolysis and oxidation for more effective, non-occlusive, moisture control and photo protection on the external surfaces of skin, hair, eyes. Because of its low toxicity and its rapid degradation in the environment, jojoba seed oil does not pose a risk to non-target organisms or the environment; though as oil, it should not be disposed of in lakes or other bodies of water Jojoba seed oil was extracted from the seed using a semi-continue supercritical fluid extraction system. The pressure and temperature of the supercritical fluid were kept at the extraction conditions. The extract is passed through a coaxially heated adjustable restrictor which was kept at 373 K and then the extract was collected in collection tubes which contained glass wool. Liquid CO2 was supplied by BOS A.Ş. (Turkey) with a high purity of 99.95%. The mass of extracted oil were determined gravimetrically after water and ethanol coextracted with jojoba seed oil was removed by vacuum oven at 373 K. Each experiment under certain condition was repeated at five times and statistically deviation among the data was about ± 3.2 %. Therefore, the arithmetical average of the repeated experiment data formed each data in all figures.

Minyak biji Industri umumnya diperoleh dengan proses pemisahan kedua mekanik dan kimia. Proses pemisahan mekanis sering dikaitkan dengan hasil yang rendah dan proses kimia pemisahan seperti metode ekstraksi dalam sebagian besar kasus menggunakan pelarut seperti heksan, yang berbahaya untuk menangani, dan tidak dapat diterima karena mereka sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Cairan superkritis (SCFs) adalah pelarut paling umum digunakan untuk ekstraksi minyak nabati dari bahan alami. Khususnya, CO2 superkritis (SC CO2) sering dipromosikan sebagai pelarut properti ramah lingkungan berguna untuk memiliki berbagai macam proses kimia dan biokimia. Oleh karena itu, biji minyak jojoba sebagai salah satu bahan lipid atas kosmetik, alami atau sintetis, yang digunakan saat ini adalah salah satu bahan kosmetik terbaik di dunia. Karena, minyak biji jojoba

menolak hidrolisis dan oksidasi untuk lebih efektif, kontrol non-oklusif, kelembaban dan perlindungan foto pada permukaan luar kulit, rambut, mata. Karena toksisitas rendah dan degradasi yang cepat di lingkungan, minyak biji jojoba tidak menimbulkan risiko bagi organisme non-target atau lingkungan; meskipun sebagai minyak, seharusnya tidak dibuang di danau atau badan air lainnya Minyak biji jojoba diekstraksi dari benih menggunakan sistem semi terus cairan ekstraksi superkritis. Tekanan dan temperatur dari fluida superkritis disimpan pada kondisi ekstraksi. Ekstrak dilewatkan melalui pembatas disesuaikan koaksial dipanaskan yang disimpan pada 373 K dan kemudian ekstrak tersebut dikumpulkan dalam tabung koleksi yang berisi glass wool. CO2 cair dipasok oleh BOS A.Ş. (Turki) dengan kemurnian tinggi 99,95%. Massa minyak ekstrak ditentukan secara gravimetri setelah air dan etanol rekan diekstraksi dengan minyak biji jojoba telah dihapus oleh oven vakum pada 373 K. Setiap percobaan di bawah kondisi tertentu diulang lima kali dan statistik simpangan antar data sekitar ± 3,2%. Oleh karena itu, ratarata hitung dari data percobaan diulang dibentuk masing-masing data dalam semua angka.

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