Faculty of Electrical Engineering

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FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
___________________________________________________________________________
ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
(EEE111)
EXPERIMENT 2
Title:
INTRODUCTION TO RESISTOR COLOUR CODE, BASIC INSTRUMENT AND
CIRCUIT CONNECTION
Prepared by:
Name
MURSYIDAH MADIHAH BINTI MUHAMMAD ISA
NUR ATHIRAH BINTI HASSAN

UiTM No.
2015831122
2015202942

Group
EE1111E
EE1111E

Assessment:

CONTENTS
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.

PAGES
3

OBJECTIVES
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Lecturer’s name
ASSESSMENT
RESULT AND
DISCUSSION
Feedback
Format
Comment
CONCLUSIONObjectives
Procedure
REFERENCESDiscussion
Conclusion
References
Total Marks
Final Marks after Penalty

3

MOHD ABDUL TALIB BIN MAT YUSOH
MARKS 4
/5
/15
/20
/40
/15
/5
/100
/100
1

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY (EEE111)
2

EXPERIMENT 2
INTRODUCTION TO RESISTOR COLOUR CODE, BASIC INSTRUMENT AND
CIRCUIT CONNECTION
1.0 OBJECTIVES
1. To measure voltage and current using multimeter and to study the relationship between
2.
3.
4.
5.

voltage and current.
To create waveform using the function generator.
To understand the functionality and usage of an oscilloscope.
To understand how electrical/electronic circuits can be prototyped on a breadboard.
To construct resistive circuit (series, parallel, series parallel) on a breadboard and to be

familiar with resistor color code.
6. To identify the operating controls and the functions of various laboratories equipment and
how to measure value of resistance, current and voltage by using test instruments.
1.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Graph paper
Breadboard
Resistors (4 values)
Jumper wire
Oscilloscope
Digital multimeter
Power supply
Function generator

1.2 INTRODUCTION
PART A: Resistor Color Coding Scheme
There are three types of resistor color coding available. They have different number of color
bands and hence provide different information.

4- BAND COLOUR CODE

5- BAND COLOUR CODE

3

6- BAND COLOUR CODE

2 digits, multiplier, tolerance

3 digits, multiplier, tolerance

3 digits, multiplier, tolerance,
thermal coefficient

Figure 2.1: Typical color coding scheme

Reading 4 band Resistor Color Codes
Table 2.1 Resistor Multiplier and Tolerance Band Color Code

Figure 2.2 below shows a common 1K resistor. From left to right, a 1K resistor will have brownblack-red-gold. This decodes respectively to 1 – 0 – 102 - ±5 .

Figure 2.2: A 4-band color code resistor
4

Take the first and second significant digits together to be 10. Then multiply by the multiplier 102.
That gives you 1000Ω as the resistor value, which is 1K. The tolerance band show that the
measured resistance can be off by plus or minus 5%. So the actual measured resistor value could
be anywhere from 950Ω to 1050Ω.

PART B: Multimeter Familiarity and Measurements
Digital Multimeter (DMM)

5

A digital multimeter will usually have the following key parts:


Digital Display: display the measured quantity (sometimes the units are given) and the
range of the measurement.



Function/Range Switch: selects the function (voltmeter, ammeter, or ohmmeter) and the
range for the measurement.



COM Input Terminal: Common ground, used in ALL measurements.



V



200 mA Input Terminal: for small current measurements.



10 A Input Terminal: for large current measurements.

Input Terminal: for voltage or resistance measurements.

1.3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
PROCEDURE
PART A: Resistor Color Code
Table 2.3
Resistor

Color Codes

Resistance and

6

Minimum

Maximum

R1

Brown Green Red Gold

R2

Brown Red Red Gold

Tolerance
1.5kΩ ± 5%
1.2kΩ ± 5%

R3

Orange Black Red Gold

3kΩ ± 5%

R1= 1 | 5 | 102 | ± 5%
= 1 | 5 | 0 0 | ± 5%

5/100 x 1500

resistances
1.425kΩ

resistances
1.575kΩ

1.14kΩ

1.26kΩ

2.8kΩ

3.15kΩ

Min resistance= 1.5kΩ - 0.75kΩ

= 75Ω

= 1.425kΩ

= 1.5kΩ ± 5%

Max resistance= 1.5kΩ + 0.75kΩ
= 1.575kΩ

R2= 1 | 2 | 102 | ± 5%
= 1 | 2 | 0 0 | ± 5%

5/100 x 1200

Min resistance= 1.2kΩ - 0.6kΩ

= 60Ω

= 1.14kΩ

= 1.2kΩ ± 5%

Max resistance= 1.2kΩ + 0.6kΩ
= 1.26kΩ

R3 = 3 | 0 | 102 | ± 5 %
= 3 | 0 | 0 0 | ± 5%

5/100 x 3000

Min resistance = 3kΩ - 0.15kΩ

=150Ω

= 2.85kΩ

= 3kΩ ± 5%

Max resistance = 3kΩ + 0.15kΩ
= 3.15kΩ

PART B: Multimeter Familiarity and Measurement
A. Resistance measurement using DMM
1. Connect the negative probe wire to the ‘COM’ terminal and positive probe wire to
the ‘VΩ’ terminal.
2. Set the knob to ‘Ω’. Then, press ‘SHIFT’ button until a sound symbol appeared on
your multimeter screen.
7

3. After that, test the probe wire either it can produced sound or not.
4. Put the resistor on the breadboard. Then, test the connectivity of the resistor using
the multimeter probe wire.
5. Press ‘SHIFT’ button.
6. Observed and recorded the resistance value in Table 2.4.
Table 2.4
Digital Multimeter
1.47kΩ
1.19kΩ
2.96kΩ

R1
R2
R3

Reverse the multimeter probe and measure again. What do you observes?
The resistance value same as before.

PART C: Connection On Breadboard
A. Breadboard Continuity Test
1. The resistance function is usually denoted by the unit symbol (Ω). Touch the two
test probes of your multimeter together. What happened?
- The multimeter produced a sound.
2. Test the continuity between the holes on a breadboard as shown in Figure 2.6.
What is your meter-reading? Is there any continuity between the holes?
- The multimeter produced a sound. Yes, there is continuity between the holes.
3. Test the continuity between the holes on a breadboard as shown in Figure 2.7.
What is your meter-reading? Is there any continuity between the holes?
8

-

The multimeter not produce a sound. No, there is no continuity between the
holes.

B. Construct a Series / Parallel Circuit Connection on Breadboard

1. Select any three resistors namely R1, R2, R3.
2. Measure the value of each resistor using a multimeter and record the readings in
table.
3. Draw the construction of circuit shown in Figure 2.8 above on the virtual breadboard
provided below.
9

4. By using the resistors R1, R2, R3, construct the circuit shown in Figure 2.8 on the
real breadboard.
5. Using DMM measure the total resistance at terminal A-B and record them in table
2.5 below.
6. Repeat step 2-5 using the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2.9 above.

Series circuit connection on breadboard

Parallel circuit connection on breadboard
Resistor

Measured Resistance(kΩ)
10

R1
R2
R3
Total resistance of Figure 2.8
Total resistance of Figure 2.9
Part D: Application of Basic Lab Equipment

1.47
1.19
2.96
5.62
0.54

A. Measuring voltage by using a multimeter
1. Set the digital multimeter to measure the voltage.
2. Set the DC power supply to supply 10V.
3. Connect the multimeter probe power to the power supply as shown in Figure 2.10
4. Observe the voltage reading. Answer: 10.042 V
5. Reverse the probe and measure again. What is the meter reading, including its sign?
What can you conclude from the meter reading?
Answer: the meter reading is 10.038 V.

B. Measure current by using a multimeter
1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2.11
2. Record the resistor value in Table 2.6
3. Set the multimeter as Ammeter.
11

4. Observe the current reading with power supply set at 0V, 10V, 15V, 20V.
5. Record all the data in table 2.6

Table 2.6
Resistor = 2.96kΩ
Voltage (V)
0V
10V
15V
20V

Current (mA)
0.0001
0.0035
0.0052
0.0069

6. Reverse the lead wire connection and what is the meter reading, including its sign?
Why is it so?
Answer: -0.0066. It is because the lead wire connection has been reversed.
7. Using the result in Table 2.6 plot V vs. I on a graph paper given in Figure 2.12
8. Calculate the resistance value from the graph.

12

C. Using function generator and oscilloscope
13

1. Select sine waveform at frequency of 500Hz on function generator. Set peak to peak
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

voltage at 10V. Set offset voltage at 0V.
Connect the oscilloscope to the function generator as shown in Figure 2.13.
Turn on the oscilloscope and select the following settings: ac coupling
Push the ‘CH1 MENU’ button and set the ‘PROBE’ option to 1X.
Select the switch on the oscilloscope probe to 1X.
Push the ‘Auto Set’ button on the oscilloscope for automatic display setting.
Adjust the setting to 2V/div, 1ms/div and measure:
a. The rms voltage (Vrms)
Answer: 358mA
b. The period of the waveform (T)
Answer: 2.000ms
c. The frequency of the waveform (f)
Answer: 500.0Hz
d. How many cycles are displayed?
Answer: 4

8. Draw the waveform in Figure 2.14 below.

14

DISCUSSION
To measure voltage and current using multimeter and to study the relationship between voltage
and current. To create waveform using the function generator. To understand the functionality
15

and usage of an oscilloscope. To understand how electrical/electronic circuits can be prototyped
on a breadboard. To construct resistive circuit (series, parallel, series parallel) on a breadboard
and to be familiar with resistor color code. To identify the operating controls and the functions of
various laboratories equipment and how to measure value of resistance, current and voltage by
using test instruments.
CONCLUSION
In this experiment, we use many types of materials and equipment such as resistors, breadboard,
jumper wire, oscilloscope, function generator, power supply, digital multimeter to complete this
experiment. We must read the 4 band resistor according to their own color code and tolerance
band color code. We must used the digital multimeter to read the quantity of the resistor. We
must make sure when we connect the resistor on breadboard the multimeter make a sound and
that proves ththt there is a connection on the breadboard. Test the two probes together to make
sure the multimeter works properly. We used the function generator and oscilloscope to make a
sine wave based on the instruction given by the manual.

16

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