Final Exam Study Guide

Published on May 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 83 | Comments: 0 | Views: 681
of 3
Download PDF   Embed   Report

Comments

Content

Tanvi Patel Final Exam Study Guide Introduction 1. AIDS, Hepatitis, Influenza, Tuberculosis (TB), MRSA 2. BSI is body substance isolation, keeping yourself out of anybody substances as much as possible. If your clothing comes in contact with body fluids, take them off as soon as possible and take a shower. Place your clothing in a contained area and wash with hot soapy water. Always take off safety equipment carefully and wash hands afterwards. 3. Legal Terms a. Abandonment – Failure of EMR to continue emergency medical treatment until relieved by an equal or more qualified responder b. Negligence – Deviation from the accepted standard of care resulting in further injury to the patient c. Duty to Act – EMR’s legal responsibility to respond promptly to emergency scene and provide care within their limits of training. d. Standard of Care – Manner in which an individual must act or behave when giving care e. Implied Consent – consent that is assumed because individual is unconsciousness, underage, or so badly injured or that patient can’t respond f. Expressed Consent – consent given to authorize EMR care and transportation Communication 1. Listen carefully and ask for clarification if you are confused. 2. Use plain words – more important to get the message across 3. Standing orders are basic skills that EMRs already have permission to conduct (standard of care). Direct orders are orders that are given by medical director after speaking to EMR. Offline are the pre-assumed standards of care and on-line is direct communication with a medical director. 4. A written report is a summary of an EMR’s whole interaction with a patient. It is used when there is any need to know what care you provided the patient, such as a trial or court case. They are important because it is impossible to remember all cases. Airway 1. The two methods are head tilt-chin lift and jaw-thrust. Jaw-thrust is preferred on patients who have sustained an head or neck injury. 2. The two types of airway adjuncts are nasal and oral airways. Oral helps keep the airway open and can be used to assist with suctioning. These are measured from the edge of mouth to the bottom tip of the nose. The nasal airways are used for both conscious and unconscious patients. This is measured from the ear-lobs to the tip of the nose. 3. The most common object that blocks an airway is tongue and the foreign object is food. 4. Nasal Cannulas or face masks can be used to administer oxygen. Nasal cannulas administer at 35 to 50% oxygen. They can be used for fairly stable patients at 2-6 liters per minute. Nonrebreathing masks are used for patients who need high oxygen because it delivers at 8-15 liters per minute and can provide up to 90% oxygen. 5. The patient’s chest will rise when you provide a breath. CPR 1. Compressions : Breathes a. Adult – 30:2; b. Child (2) – 15:2 (1) – 30:2

Tanvi Patel c. Infant (2) – 15:2 (1) – 30-2 2. Every 30 compression in adults; in infants or children, every 15 compressions 3. Use suctioning when finger sweeps do not clean out the mouth. Do not suction for more than 15 seconds. For as far as you can see, use the rigid tip. Then, for deeper in the throat use the flexible tip. 4. Use a defibrillator immediately when the patient is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse and the cardiac arrest was witnessed. It the arrest was not witnessed but other signs are present, conduct 1 cycle of CPR before starting AED process. 5. Chest pain, dyspnea (shortness of breath), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. Patient Assessment 1. SAMPLE history is a framework to ask needed questions. S – Signs and Symptoms, A – Allergies, M – Medications, P – Pertinent history, L – Last oral intake, E – Event leading 2. Chief complaint is the patient’s reason for calling EMR to the scene. May not be most critical problem, but it is what bothers the patient the most. 3. Acronyms a. AVPU – Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive. This is a scale that helps measure a patient’s level of consciousness. b. OPQRST – Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time. This is used to describe pain that is not specific of an organ. 4. Normal pulse – 60-100bpm, respirations – 12-20 breaths 5. Adults – use carotid on unconscious patient and radial on conscious. Infant, use brachial pulse. 6. Scene safety is sizing up the scene and deciding whether or not you are capable of handling the situation. The most important person on the scene is you because if you aren’t safe you can’t help anyone and will only make things harder for the next rescuer. Bleeding 1. Bleeding a. Capillary bleeding – blood oozes out b. Venous bleeding – steady flow, may be profuse and life-threatening c. Arterial bleeding – spurts or surges out can result in death if not addressed. 2. First, apply direct pressure, then elevate the body part, finally use a tourniquet. If a tourniquet is not permitted, you may use a pressure point 3. You need an occlusive dressing when you have a chest wound where you need to maintain air pressure. An occlusive dressing is an airtight material that seals the wound. 4. There are 4 external bleeding wounds, abrasion, puncture, laceration, and avulsion or amputation. Trauma 1. A sucking chest wound is when there is a puncture in the chest area that is causing air to escape. You will hear a sucking sound from the chest area. To treat this, you should apply an occlusive dressing and bandage it only on 3 sides. 2. Flail chest is when there are 3 or more ribs broken in at least 2 places. The injured area of the chest does not rise and fall with the rest of the chest. To treat this, place a pillow or your hand on the flail area to stabilize it. In sever conditions assisting with breathing may be necessary.

Tanvi Patel 3. Check the pulse distal to the point of injury to make sure that blood is flowing past that point. 4. Crepitus – grating sound or sensation that comes from the bone rubbing against cartilage or fractured bone 5. If CFS is present, this means that the skull has been damages and the CFS is seeping out from the brain to the rest of the head. 6. Acronyms a. DCAP is Deformities, Convulsions, Abrasions, and Penetrations b. BTLS is Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling 7. A rigid abdomen indicates internal bleeding 8. Hip injuries actually occur on the upper end of the femur. 9. Traction splints would be used on a lower extremity fracture that requires alignment. 10. A concussion is a violent shock from a heavy blow. 11. Evisceration: Shock 1. Shock is failure of the circulatory/cardiovascular system. 2. Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) 3. Position pt correctly, maintain ABCs, treat cause of shock if possible, maintain body temperature, make sure pt doesn’t eat or drink anything, assist with other treatments such as oxygen, arrange for immediate and prompt transport. 4. Anaphylaxis is an extreme reaction to a foreign substance. The most obvious symptom is hives. 5. Trendellenberg is having the patient’s legs raised 6-12 inches. If the patient is having difficulty breathing then this should not be used. Childbirth/Rape 1. Must preserve clothing, and not allow the patient to use the bathroom or bathe. 2. Use sterile gloves, cover face and eye protection, and if possible a surgical gown. 3. Define: a. Fetus: a developing infant in the uterus or womb b. Crowing: appearance of the infant’s head during contractions. c. Cervix: Narrow passage at the end of the uterus d. Afterbirth: the placenta e. Amniotic Sac: bag of waters that surround the fetus before birth f. Uterus: (womb) muscular organ that hold and nourishes the developing fetus g. Birth Canal: vagina and lower part of uterus h. Umbilical Cord: ropelike attachment between fetus and mother, passes nourishment and waste. i. Limb Presentation: the leg or arm is the first part of the body to appear j. Mucus Plug: jelly like plug that seals off cervix but is expelled before delivery k. Placenta: Life-support system of the fetus 4. Repeat the same procedures taken for the first baby, labor contractions should begin shortly. 5. There are 3 stages of birth: first stage is preparation of birth, second is the delivery of the infant, and the last stage is the delivery of the afterbirth. 6. If it is not the first baby, there is less time to get the patient to the hospital.

Sponsor Documents

Or use your account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Forgot your password?

Or register your new account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link to create a new password.

Back to log-in

Close