Flood Safety

Flood Safety
Pre-Event
Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters. Conditions that cause floods include heavy
or steady rain for several hours or days that saturate the ground. Flooding is the number one storm-related
killer and ranks just behind heat waves in the number of casualties for all weather events.

Floods can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins and
multiple states. Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods can develop in just a few
minutes and without visible signs of rain.
 Overland flooding, the most common type of flooding event typically occurs when waterways such
as rivers or streams overflow their banks as a result of rainwater or a possible levee breach and cause
flooding in surrounding areas.
 They can also occur when rainfall or snowmelt exceeds the capacity of underground pipes, or the
capacity of streets and drains designed to carry flood water away from urban areas.

Flash floods are short-term events (frequently within 6 hours of a heavy rain storm) that occur suddenly due
to rapidly rising water along a stream or low-lying area.
 Flash floods can occur within a few minutes or hours of excessive rainfall, a dam or levee failure, or
a sudden release of water held by an ice jam.
 Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of roaring water carrying rocks, mud and other debris.
 Highly populated areas have a high risk for flash floods. The construction of buildings, highways,
storm drains, etc increases runoff by reducing the amount of rain that the ground can absorb. This
runoff increases the flash flood potential, and storm drains may easily be overwhelmed (will also
flood roads).
 Be aware of flood hazards no matter where you live or work, but especially if you are in low-lying
areas, near water, behind a levee or downstream from a dam. Even very small streams, gullies,
creeks, culverts, dry streambeds or low-lying ground that appear harmless in dry weather can flood

 Turn Around. Don’t Drown. Eighty percent of all flood deaths occur when people drive into
flooded roadways or simply walk through moving water. People often underestimate the force of
water. When it comes to flooded areas or high water:
o Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall.
o Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and
move to higher ground if you can do so safely.
 Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of
control and possible stalling.
 A foot of water will float many vehicles, and two feet of rushing water can carry
away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.






 Just-In-Time
o During a flood:
 Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood,
move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.
 Be aware of stream, drainage channels, canyons and other areas known to flood
suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without typical warnings such
as rain clouds or heavy rain. Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of
moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water
is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
 Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car
and move to higher ground, when water is not moving or not more than a few
inches deep. You and the vehicle can be swept away quickly. If your vehicle is
trapped in rapidly moving water, stay in the vehicle. If the water is rising inside the
vehicle, seek refuge on the roof.
 Do not camp or park your vehicle along streams, rivers or creeks, particularly during
threatening conditions

o If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:
 Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items
to an upper floor.
 Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect
electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in
water.

 Recovery
o Walk carefully around the outside and check for loose power lines, gas leaks and structural
damage. If you have any doubts about safety, have your residence inspected by a qualified
building inspector or structural engineer before entering.
o Keep a battery-powered radio with you so you can listen for emergency updates and news
reports.
o Use a battery-powered flash light to inspect a damaged home.
Note: The flashlight should be turned on outside before entering - the battery may produce a
spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.
o Watch out for animals, especially poisonous snakes. Use a stick to poke through debris.
o Use the phone only to report life-threatening emergencies.
o As you return home, watch for fallen objects; downed electrical wires; and weakened walls,
bridges, roads and sidewalks.
o Do not enter if:
 You smell gas.
 Floodwaters remain around the building.
 Your home was damaged by fire and the authorities have not declared it safe.
o Walk carefully around the outside and check for loose power lines, gas leaks and structural
damage. If you have any doubts about safety, have your residence inspected by a qualified
building inspector or structural engineer before entering.