Types of Food or Drink
aphrodisiac noun
a food, drink, or drug that makes people want to have sex
baby food noun
special food for babies that has been cut into small pieces and cooked so that it is soft and smooth
base noun
a food or substance that is the main food or substance to which other things are added
burnt offering noun
HUMOROUS
food that someone has burnt by mistake
carbohydrate noun
BIOLOGY
a food that contains carbohydrates
comfort food noun
food that you enjoy very much and often eat when you are feeling sad
confectionery noun
sweet foods such as sweets and chocolates
convenience food noun
food that is quick and easy to prepare such as food that has already been cooked and only needs to be heated. Fast food is food that you can get quickly in a restaurant.
creole adjective creole food has the typical strong flavour of food from the southern US and usually contains tomatoes, peppers, onions, and rice dairy noun
dairy products
dairy adjective
dairy products include milk and foods that are made from milk, for example butter and cheese
delicacy noun
a rare or expensive type of food
dry goods noun
BRITISH goods such as tea, coffee, and flour that contain no liquid
fast food noun
food that is made and served very quickly, especially food such as a take away with you
BURGER
that you can
Frankenfood noun
INFORMAL, SHOWING DISAPPROVAL
food that has been
GENETICALLY MODIFIED
garnish noun
something that you add to a dish of food to make it look more attractive
goodies noun
INFORMAL
things that are nice to eat, such as cakes and chocolates
health food noun
food that is good for you because it does not contain artificial substances
iron rations noun
a supply of emergency food, especially food for the armed forces
junk food noun
food that is not healthy because it contains a lot of fat, salt, and sugar
macrobiotic adjective
macrobiotic foods are considered healthy because they consist of grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables produced without adding chemicals
meat noun
the flesh of an animal or bird eaten as food
munchies noun
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
small things to eat
nibbles noun
INFORMAL
nuts
small pieces of food eaten at social events with drinks, for example
CRISPS
and
non-dairy adjective
non-dairy foods are not made from milk or cream
non-vegetarian adjective
non-vegetarian foods contain meat or other parts of animals
novel food noun
a type of food that has not been eaten before, including GENETICALLY MODIFIED substances and products that lower CHOLESTEROL used especially in government documents
nutraceutical noun
a food or natural substance that people eat in order to feel more healthy
offal noun
the organs of animals that are eaten as food, for example the kidneys or liver
pap noun
MAINLY
food
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
very soft food for babies or people who are too ill to eat ordinary
perishables noun
food that is perishable
produce noun
fruit, vegetables, and other things that farmers grow
savory
the American spelling of savoury
savoury noun
a small piece of food that tastes of salt or served at parties as snacks .
SPICES
and is not sweet. Savouries are usually
seafood noun
fish and
SHELLFISH
that you can eat
slop noun
INFORMAL
food that is not thick or solid enough and has no taste
soul food noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN food that is traditionally eaten by black people in the southern US
staple noun
an important product, especially a food, that people eat or use regularly
staple diet noun
the main food or foods that a person or animal eats regularly
stodge noun
BRITISH food that is heavy and makes you feel too full
superfood noun
a food that is considered to be very good for your health and that may even help some medical conditions
vegetable noun
a part of a plant used as food, for example a potato, bean, or
CABBAGE
vegetable noun
relating to or produced from vegetables
veggie noun
SPOKEN
a vegetable
wholefood noun
BRITISH food that does not contain artificial substances and has not been treated to make it look better or last longer
Pies and Pastries
apple pie noun
a sweet food made from apples baked in
PASTRY
choux pastry noun
soft, light
PASTRY
containing eggs that is used for making
ECLAIRS
and
PROFITEROLES
cobbler noun
a type of food consisting of vegetables or fruit covered with a soft thick layer of
PASTRY
Cornish pasty noun
BRITISH a small
PIE
for one person, with meat and potatoes inside
crust noun
a layer of cooked filling .
PASTRY
that forms the outer part of a
PIE
. The inner part is called the
filo pastry noun
BRITISH very thin
PASTRY
mixture of flour and water
flaky pastry noun
a type of
PASTRY
that consists of a lot of thin layers
flan noun
BRITISH a cake or
PIE
without a top that has a filling of cheese, fruit, or vegetables
mince pie noun
a type of
PIE
that is filled with mincemeat, usually eaten at Christmas
pastry noun
a food made by mixing flour, fat, and water. The mixture is rolled flat and used for making PIES and other food.
pasty noun
BRITISH a food made by folding
PASTRY
around meat, cheese, or vegetables, then baking it
pie noun
a food that consists of meat, vegetables, or fruit cooked inside a case of a layer of it
PASTRY
or below
pie crust noun
the
PASTRY
covering of a
PIE
pork pie noun
a British food consisting of cooked pork in a
PASTRY
case
puff noun
a type of small
PIE
made of
PASTRY
with something soft inside
puff pastry noun
a type of
PASTRY
that is very light and has a lot of air in it
quiche noun
a food that consists of a base made of PASTRY and a top part made by mixing together eggs and cheese, and often other foods. It is cooked in an oven.
rissole noun
a food made from meat or fish cut into very small pieces, pressed into a flat round shape or a ball and cooked in oil
sausage roll noun
BRITISH a food that consists of a tube of
PASTRY
with sausage meat inside it
shortcrust pastry noun strudel noun
a type of
PASTRY
a type of
PASTRY
made from flour, butter, and water with fruit or nuts inside
tart noun
a
PIE
that has no top and is filled with vegetables, fruit etc
turnover noun
a sweet food like a small
PIE
, filled with fruit
vol-au-vent noun
a food that consists of a round piece of vegetables
PASTRY
that is baked and then filled with meat or
Cakes and Biscuits
baking sheet noun
a
BAKING TRAY
biscuit noun
BRITISH a type of small flat dry cake that is usually sweet and round. The usual American word is cookie
brandy snap noun
a sweet hard
BISCUIT
in the shape of a tube, flavoured with
GINGER
brownie noun
a type of flat chocolate cake, served in squares
bun noun
BRITISH a small round cake, especially with a sweet sticky surface
buttercream noun
a soft sweet food made of sugar and butter, used on top of or between the layers of a cake
cake noun
a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, eggs, flour, and butter or oil
cake mix noun
a powder that you add eggs and milk or water to and then bake in the oven to make a cake
centre noun
the middle of a chocolate, sweet, or cake
cheesecake noun
a type of cake made of
BISCUITS
, soft cheese, and sometimes fruit
Chelsea bun noun
a small round cake with dried fruit in it and sugar on the top
chocolate chip cookie noun
a type of
BISCUIT
that contains small pieces of chocolate
FRUIT CAKE
Christmas cake noun
BRITISH a heavy eaten at Christmas in the UK
cone noun
a cone shape that you put ice cream in and eat
cookie noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a small sweet
BISCUIT
cornet noun
BRITISH
OLD-FASHIONED
a
CONE
for
ICE CREAM
cracker noun
a type of thin dry hard
BISCUIT
often eaten with cheese
cream cracker noun
BRITISH a thin dry hard
BISCUIT
usually eaten with cheese
creampuff noun
a small light cake that is empty inside and can be filled with
WHIPPED CREAM
crispbread noun
BRITISH a thin hard
BISCUIT
made from
RYE
or wheat
crumpet noun
BRITISH a flat round cake eaten hot with butter
cupcake noun
a small round cake with
ICING
a thick sweet substance made from sugar on top
Danish noun
INFORMAL
a
DANISH PASTRY
Danish pastry noun
a flat sweet cake for one person, containing fruit and nuts and often with top
ICING
on the
devil’s food cake noun
a type of chocolate cake often eaten in the US
digestive biscuit noun
in the UK, a type of
BISCUIT
that is made from wheat and is slightly sweet
duff noun
BRITISH a type of cake
Eccles cake noun
a type of small cake filled with dried
CURRANTS
fruit
éclair noun
a type of cake shaped like a tube with chocolate on top and cream inside
fairy cake noun
BRITISH a small round cake, usually with
ICING
on top
filling noun
the cream, fruit etc that forms the inside part of a cake or
PIE
flan noun
BRITISH a cake or
PIE
without a top that has a filling of cheese, fruit, or vegetables
flapjack noun
BRITISH a
BISCUIT
made of
OATS
, butter, and
SYRUP
fortune cookie noun
a hard thin Chinese future on it
BISCUIT
that has a piece of paper inside with a message about your
frosting noun
AMERICAN
ICING
for a cake
fruitcake noun
a heavy cake containing
DRIED FRUIT
gateau noun
a large cake decorated or filled with sweet foods such as fruit, cream, and chocolate
gingerbread noun
a type of cake made with
GINGER
gingerbread man noun
a
BISCUIT
with a
GINGER
flavour in the shape of a person
ginger nut noun
a type of
BISCUIT
that has a strong
GINGER
flavour
glacé icing noun
BRITISH a sugar layer for a cake that makes it look smooth and shiny
hot cross bun noun
a sweet cake for one person, marked with a small cross on the top and traditionally eaten at Easter
ice-cream cone noun
a hard thin BISCUIT shaped like a with ice cream in it
CONE
, that you can put ice cream in, or one of these
macaroon noun
a type of
BISCUIT
made from sugar,
EGG WHITE
, and nuts
Madeira cake noun
BRITISH a type of pale yellow cake
muffin noun
a small sweet cake that often contains fruit
oatcake noun
a
BISCUIT
that people usually eat with cheese and other
SAVOURY
foods, made from oats
pancake noun
a small thick round cake made in the same way
pastry noun
a type of cake made from sweet pastry
patisserie noun
the cakes that a patisserie sells
petit four noun
a type of small sweet cake or biscuit
piping noun
thin lines of cream,
ICING
etc put on food as a decoration
pretzel noun
a type of CRACKER that people often eat between meals or with beer. It is baked in the shape of a stick or a knot and covered with salt.
profiterole noun
a small round on the top
PASTRY
shaped like a small ball that is filled with cream and has chocolate
rock cake noun
BRITISH a small hard cake with a rough surface that has dried fruit inside
sandwich noun
BRITISH a cake made of two layers with
JAM
or cream in the middle
scone noun
a small soft cake that sometimes contains dried fruit. You usually eat scones with butter.
Scotch pancake noun
BRITISH a small thick flat round cake made of eggs, flour, and milk, usually eaten with butter
shortbread noun
a hard sweet
BISCUIT
made with a large amount of butter
shortcake noun
BRITISH
SHORTBREAD
shortcake noun
a plain type of cake that is usually served with fruit and cream on top of it
simnel cake noun
BRITISH a type of cake containing dried fruit, traditionally eaten at Easter
sponge noun
BRITISH
SPONGE CAKE
sponge cake noun
a very light type of cake made with flour, eggs, and sugar
swiss roll noun
BRITISH a cake made by rolling a thin flat cake with a sweet substance such as on top into a shape like a tube
JAM
spread
teacake noun
BRITISH a type of small round cake with
RAISINS
in it
tray bake noun
a cake made on a
BAKING TRAY
and cut into square pieces
wafer noun
a very thin
BISCUIT
waffle noun
a flat cake that has deep square marks on both sides
water biscuit noun
BRITISH a thin light
BISCUIT
that is often eaten with cheese
Types of Cheese
blue cheese noun
a strong-tasting cheese that is white or pale yellow and has blue lines in it
Camembert noun
a type of soft round French cheese with a white skin
cheddar noun
a type of hard yellow cheese
cheese noun
a solid food made from milk
cottage cheese noun
a soft white cheese that does not contain much fat
cream cheese noun
a type of thick soft smooth white cheese that does not have a strong taste
Edam noun
a round, light yellow cheese covered with red
WAX
, made in the Netherlands
feta noun
a white Greek cheese made from the milk of sheep or goats
fromage frais noun
a soft smooth white cheese used like
YOGURT
Gorgonzola noun
a type of soft white and blue Italian cheese with a strong taste
Gouda noun
a type of hard yellow cheese with a fairly strong flavour that is made in Holland
Gruyère noun
a type of hard Swiss cheese with holes in it
mozzarella noun
a type of soft white Italian cheese with a flavour that is not strong
Parmesan noun
a hard Italian cheese with a strong flavour, often used on pasta
ricotta noun
a very soft white Italian cheese
Stilton noun
a type of white cheese, often with blue lines through it
Swiss cheese noun
a type of cheese with a lot of holes in it
Types of Bread
bagel noun
a type of bread that is small and round with a hole in the middle
baguette noun
a long thin
LOAF
of bread made in the French style, soft inside and hard outside
bannock noun
SCOTTISH a flat
BREAD ROLL
made from
OATS
or
BARLEY
bap noun
BRITISH a large soft
BREAD ROLL
biscuit noun
AMERICAN a small round soft bread roll
blini noun
a Russian food that is like a thin flat bread made from CAVIAR and SOUR CREAM
BUCKWHEAT
and is often eaten with
bread noun
a common food made from flour, water, and usually YEAST a substance that makes the bread grow larger . Bread is usually sold in a large piece called a loaf or made into smaller pieces called rolls . You usually cut bread into slices to eat it
breadcrumbs noun
very small pieces of bread that can be used in cooking
brioche noun
a type of sweet French bread
bun noun
a small round piece of bread
chapati noun
a type of thin flat Indian bread
ciabatta noun
a type of flat Italian bread made with
OLIVE OIL
cob noun
BRITISH a round
LOAF
of bread
croissant noun
a type of light bread with a curved shape that is usually eaten for breakfast
crouton noun
a small piece of hard bread served on soup and in salads
farmhouse loaf noun
BRITISH a large long piece of white bread with a curved top
French bread noun
bread in the form of a long thin stick that is soft on the inside and hard on the outside
French loaf noun
a
FRENCH STICK
French stick noun
a long thin LOAF of bread made in the French style, that is soft on the inside and hard on the outside
Granary
TRADEMARK
BRITISH Granary bread is made with flour that contains whole grains of wheat
loaf noun
bread in a long, round, or square shape that you cut into SLICES thin flat pieces for eating. A sliced loaf has been cut into slices before it is sold
matzo noun
a type of flat bread traditionally eaten by Jewish people during the Passover holiday
muffin noun
BRITISH a flat round type of bread, usually cut in half and eaten hot with butter. The American word is English muffin .
naan noun
a type of flat bread from India and Central Asia
nan
another spelling of naan
paratha noun
a flat Indian bread that you cook in a pan
pita bread
the American spelling of pitta bread
pitta bread noun
a type of flat bread that is eaten especially with Middle Eastern food
poppadom noun
a type of round thin Indian bread that is cooked in hot oil
pumpernickel noun
a type of dark bread that is made from
RYE
roll noun
bread in the form of a small round or long shape
roti noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a type of flat round bread
rusk noun
BRITISH a type of hard dry bread that babies and young children eat
rye noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN bread made from rye grain
rye bread noun
a type of bread made from rye flour
saltine noun
AMERICAN a thin dry
BISCUIT
that usually has salt on top of it
sliced bread noun
bread that is cut into slices before it is sold
sourdough noun
a mixture of flour, water, and bread
YEAST
that is allowed to
FERMENT
and then used for making
tortilla noun
a type of thin flat Mexican bread that is often rolled or folded and filled with cheese, beans, or meat
Sandwiches, Rolls and Toast
beefburger noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a sandwich made of loose minced beef
BLT noun
a sandwich filled with
BACON
,
LETTUCE
, and tomato
bruschetta noun
Italian bread spread with oil, or oil and tomatoes, then
TOASTED
burger noun
meat from a cow cut up into very small pieces that is cooked in a flat round shape and served in a bread roll
MINCED BEEF
burger noun
pieces of meat or vegetable that are pressed together, cooked in a flat round shape, and served in a bread roll
burrito noun butty noun
BRITISH a type of Mexican food made with a TORTILLA a piece of flat thin bread that is folded over and filled with meat or beans and cheese
INFORMAL
a
SANDWICH 1
canapé noun
a small BISCUIT or piece of bread with food such as cheese or meat on top, served with drinks at a party
club sandwich noun
a thick sandwich that consists of three in between
SLICES
of bread with two layers of meat or cheese
doner kebab noun
BRITISH a Middle Eastern meal that consists of flat pieces of cooked BREAD with salad
LAMB
, served in a
PITTA
doorstep noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a very thick sandwich or piece of bread
double-decker noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a
CLUB SANDWICH
enchilada noun
a Mexican food consisting of a piece of flat bread rolled up and filled with meat and cheese
French toast noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN bread covered in raw egg and milk and cooked in hot fat
hero noun
AMERICAN a type of sandwich that consists of meat, cheese, and vegetables on a long narrow piece of bread
hot dog noun
a sandwich that consists of two narrow pieces of bread with a inside
SAUSAGE
tube of meat
melba toast noun
very thin pieces of bread that have been heated until they are hard and break easily
open sandwich noun
BRITISH a sandwich made using one piece of bread, with no top piece
rarebit noun
WELSH RAREBIT
roll noun
a bread roll filled with meat, cheese etc
round noun
BRITISH a sandwich or sandwiches made from two
SLICES
of bread
sandwich noun
a light meal that you make by putting a layer of food such as meat, cheese, or egg between two pieces of bread
sanger noun sarnie noun
BRITISH
SPOKEN
AUSTRALIAN
INFORMAL
a
SANDWICH 1
a
SANDWICH 1
submarine sandwich noun
AMERICAN a sandwich made with meat, cheese, tomatoes etc on a long narrow piece of bread
toast noun
bread that has been heated until its outside is brown and hard
toastie noun
BRITISH a sandwich that has been
TOASTED
tortilla noun
a type of thin flat Mexican bread that is often rolled or folded and filled with cheese, beans, or meat
Welsh rarebit noun
a meal of cheese sauce poured over bread and cooked
wrap noun
a type of sandwich made with flat round bread that is wrapped around meat, salad, or vegetables
Types of Pasta
cannelloni noun
tubes of pasta filled with a meat or cheese mixture
fettuccine noun
pasta in the form of long narrow flat pieces
linguine noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin flat pieces
macaroni noun
a type of pasta in the form of short curved tubes
noodle noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin pieces that cook quickly
ravioli noun
a type of pasta made in small squares with meat, cheese, or vegetables inside
rigatoni noun
a type of pasta in the form of short tubes
spaghetti noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin pieces like string
tagliatelle noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin flat pieces
vermicelli noun
a type of pasta like very thin
SPAGHETTI
Savoury Sauces and Vinegars
aioli noun
a sauce made from
MAYONNAISE
and
GARLIC
aspic noun
a clear slightly brown before eating
JELLY
that you put fish or meat into and allow to become cold
balsamic vinegar noun
an expensive type of sweet dark
VINEGAR
barbecue sauce noun
a special sauce used for adding flavour to food, especially meat, before cooking it on a barbecue
broth noun
a liquid used for giving flavour when cooking
brown sauce noun
BRITISH a dark cold sauce containing fruit and
SPICES
, eaten with meat
catsup noun
AMERICAN
KETCHUP
chutney noun
a cold food made from fruit,
SPICES
, and
VINEGAR
, eaten with meat or cheese
coulis noun
a smooth sauce made from crushed fruit or vegetables
dip noun
a thick cold sauce for dipping pieces of food into before eating them
dressing noun
AMERICAN
STUFFING
that you put inside meat
dripping noun
BRITISH fat and juice that is produced by meat when it is cooked
French dressing noun
a sauce for pouring over salads, made from oil,
HERBS VINEGAR
, salt, pepper, and sometimes
gravy noun
a sauce made from the juices of cooked meat mixed with flour
guacamole noun
a sauce made from crushed
AVOCADO
, often eaten with Mexican food
hollandaise sauce noun
a smooth sauce made with the YOLKS of eggs the yellow part , butter, and lemon juice Hollandaise sauce is sometimes simply called hollandaise .
horseradish noun
sauce made from horseradish that is eaten cold with meat
jelly noun
a sauce that is made with meat juice and is made solid by adding
GELATINE
juice noun
the liquid that comes out of something, especially meat, when you cook it
jus noun
a thin sauce made from meat juice
ketchup noun
a thick red sauce made from tomatoes
marinade noun
a liquid that you put food into to give it a special flavour before cooking it
mayo noun
INFORMAL MAYONNAISE
mayonnaise noun
a thick white sauce made from egg food
YOLKS
and oil, eaten especially with salads and cold
mint sauce noun
a sauce made from meat
MINT
leaves,
VINEGAR
, and sugar, and usually eaten with
LAMB
or other
oyster sauce noun
a sauce made with
OYSTERS
, used in East Asian cooking
pesto noun
a thick green sauce made with
OLIVE OIL
,
BASIL
, and
PINE NUTS
piccalilli noun
a thick yellow sauce containing small pieces of onion and other vegetables, eaten cold with other cold foods or on sandwiches
pickle noun
BRITISH a thick sauce consisting of vegetables or fruit preserved in especially with cold food
VINEGAR
, eaten
purée noun
food that has been mixed or crushed to form a thick smooth sauce
relish noun
a cold sauce that you put on food such as
BEEFBURGERS
salad cream noun
BRITISH a yellow sauce similar to
MAYONNAISE
, served on a salad
salsa noun
a sauce made from tomatoes, onions, Spanish food
CHILLI
peppers, and
SPICES
, served with Mexican or
satay noun
a sauce made from
PEANUTS
and served with satay
sauce noun
a liquid food that you put on other foods to give them a particular flavour
soy noun
SOY SAUCE
soy sauce noun
a dark brown sauce made from
SOYA BEANS
stock noun
a liquid made by boiling meat, bones, or vegetables and used for making soups and sauces
stock cube noun
a small dried block of meat or vegetable juices
stuffing noun
food that has been cut into small pieces and placed inside meat or vegetables
Tabasco
TRADEMARK
a red sauce used for adding a strong flavour to foods
tartare sauce noun
a white sauce that you eat cold with fish
vinaigrette noun
a sauce for salads and cold vegetables, made from oil,
VINEGAR
, and
SPICES
vinegar noun
a sour liquid made by allowing wine or food
CIDER
to become acid, used for adding flavour to
wasabi noun
a sauce with a very strong taste that is eaten with Japanese food
white sauce noun
a sauce made from flour, milk, and butter
wine vinegar noun
a type of
VINEGAR
made from wine
Worcester sauce noun
a brown sauce with a strong taste that you buy in bottles and use for adding flavour to food
Sweet Sauces
brandy butter noun
BRITISH a thick sweet brandy-flavoured butter that you eat with
CHRISTMAS PUDDING
butterscotch noun
a type of sweet or a sweet sauce that is made by boiling brown sugar and butter together
conserve noun
large pieces of fruit in a thick
SYRUP
custard noun
a sweet yellow sauce made from milk, eggs, and sugar
custard noun
a soft, firm sweet food made from a mixture of milk, eggs, and sugar
maple syrup noun
a thick sweet liquid taken from maple trees and used as a sauce
sauce noun
a liquid food that you put on other foods to give them a particular flavour
syrup noun
a sweet thick liquid made from sugar and other sweet substances, used as a sauce
Food Spread on Bread
butter noun
a solid yellow food made from cream that you spread on bread or use in cooking
caviar noun
fish eggs eaten as food, usually spread on bread. In many countries caviar is considered to be a special and expensive food, eaten mainly by rich people.
jam noun
a sweet sticky food made from boiled fruit and sugar that is usually spread onto bread
jelly noun
a sweet sticky food that is made from boiled fruit juice and sugar and is often spread on bread
lemon curd noun
a sweet food containing lemon juice that you spread on bread
marmalade noun
a sweet food made from cooked fruit such as oranges or lemons that is usually spread onto bread and eaten at breakfast
Marmite
BRITISH a food made from YEAST and cooked vegetables that is spread onto bread or used for adding flavour to other foods
TRADEMARK
paste noun
a food made by crushing meat, fish, or vegetables. It can be added to other food in cooking or spread on bread
pâté noun
a soft food made from meat, fish, or vegetables that you spread on bread
peanut butter noun
a soft food made by crushing peanuts that you usually spread on bread
preserve noun
a sweet food made by boiling fruit and sugar together. A more usual word is jam .
spread noun
soft food that you put on bread and similar foods
Vegemite
a type of food from Australia, made from YEAST a substance that is used in making bread and alcohol and usually spread on bread
TRADEMARK
yeast extract noun
a dark brown food made from yeast, usually spread on bread
Bread Baking and Ingredients
bake verb
to make bread, cakes etc using an oven
bakery noun
a building where bread, cakes etc are made or sold
crust noun
the hard brown outer part of a
LOAF
of bread
crusty adjective
crusty bread is covered with a hard
CRUST
dough noun
a mixture of flour, water, fat etc that is baked to make bread or
PASTRY
knead verb
to prepare
DOUGH
or clay by pressing it continuously
leaven verb
to add
YEAST
to a bread mixture so that it will contain air and will be bigger and lighter
leaven noun
a substance such as YEAST that is added to a bread mixture so that it will contain air and will be bigger and lighter
poppyseed noun
small black seeds from or cakes
POPPY
flowers that are put on the surface of some types of bread
prove verb
if bread proves, it increases in size before it is baked because of the
YEAST
it contains
rise verb
if something such as bread or a cake rises, it increases in size and height when it is cooked or when YEAST is added
unleavened adjective
unleavened bread is flat or heavy because it contains no
YEAST
yeast noun
a white substance used for making bread rise or for making beer
Sweets and Other Confectionery
barley sugar noun
a hard sweet made from boiled sugar
boiled sweet noun
BRITISH a hard sweet, especially one that tastes of fruit
bubble gum noun
a type of brightly coloured
CHEWING GUM
that you can blow into to form a
BUBBLE
candy noun
AMERICAN sweets or
CONFECTIONERY
candy noun
AMERICAN a sweet
candyfloss noun
BRITISH a sweet food consisting of very thin strings of sugar wrapped around a stick. The American word is cotton candy .
caramel noun
a sweet made from sugar, butter, and milk
chew noun
BRITISH a hard sweet that you have to chew until it is soft enough to swallow
chewing gum noun
a type of sweet, usually flavoured with swallow
MINT,
that you chew for a long time but do not
choc noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a
CHOCOLATE
choccy noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a
CHOCOLATE
chocolate noun
a small sweet made from chocolate
cotton candy noun
AMERICAN
CANDYFLOSS
dark chocolate noun
chocolate that is darker in colour than milk chocolate because it does not have any milk added to it
drop noun
a small round sweet
Easter egg noun
a chocolate egg that you give to someone as a present at Easter
fondant noun
a small piece of fondant eaten as a sweet
gobstopper noun
a large hard round sweet
gum noun
CHEWING GUM
gumdrop noun
a firm fruit sweet made of
JELLY
and covered with sugar
humbug noun
a type of hard black and white sweet that tastes of
PEPPERMINT
ice lolly noun
BRITISH a piece of sweet flavoured ice or popsicle .
ICE CREAM
on a stick. The American word is
jelly baby noun
BRITISH a soft brightly coloured sweet with a fruit flavour that is shaped like a person
jelly bean noun
a soft brightly coloured sweet that is shaped like a bean
licorice
the American spelling of liquorice
liquorice noun
a black substance with a strong flavour, used for making sweets and medicines
liquorice noun
a sweet that is made from liquorice
lollipop noun
a hard sweet on the end of a stick
marshmallow noun
a soft pink or white sweet with a thick round shape
milk chocolate noun
chocolate made with milk. Chocolate made without milk is called plain chocolate .
mint noun nougat noun
a sweet that tastes like
PEPPERMINT
a sweet food made of sugar, nuts, and small pieces of fruit
pastille noun
a round sweet with a fruit flavour
peppermint noun
a sweet with a peppermint flavour
plain chocolate noun
BRITISH a type of chocolate made without milk and with very little sugar. The American word is dark chocolate .
Popsicle
TRADEMARK
AMERICAN an
ICE LOLLY
praline noun
a sweet made by boiling nuts in sugar
praline noun
a chocolate sweet filled with a soft substance made from sugar and crushed nuts
rock noun
BRITISH a hard sweet in the shape of a solid tube called a stick Rock is usually sold in SEASIDE towns and has the name of the town written in it .
sherbet noun
BRITISH powder with a
FIZZY
taste that is eaten as a sweet
sucker noun
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
a
LOLLIPOP
sweet noun
BRITISH a small piece of sweet food made with sugar. The usual American word is candy
toffee noun
a sweet sticky brown food made by cooking sugar, butter, and water at a high temperature, or a sweet made of this
toffee apple noun
an apple covered in toffee and put on a stick
truffle noun
a soft chocolate sweet that often has alcohol in it
tuck noun
BRITISH
OLD-FASHIONED
sweets
Turkish delight noun
a type of sweet made from square pieces of firm
JELLY
covered with sugar
Sweet Food and Desserts
angelica noun
stems of a tall plant that are boiled in sugar and used for decorating cakes
apple pie noun
a sweet food made from apples baked in
PASTRY
banana split noun
a sweet food that consists of a
BANANA
with
ICE CREAM
, cream, sauce, and nuts
blancmange noun
BRITISH a soft sweet food eaten as a
DESSERT
. It is made mainly from milk and sugar.
brown sugar noun
sugar that is brown and has not been
REFINED
made pure or has been only partly refined
cake noun
a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, eggs, flour, and butter or oil
caramel noun
burnt sugar used for colouring and flavouring food
carob noun
a sweet brown powder that tastes like chocolate and is made from the seeds of a Mediterranean tree
caster sugar noun
BRITISH white sugar in the form of very small grains, used especially in cooking
castor sugar
another spelling of caster sugar
choc-ice noun
BRITISH an
ICE CREAM
covered with a layer of chocolate, shaped like a small block
chocolate noun
a sweet brown food eaten as a sweet or used for flavouring other food
Christmas pudding noun
BRITISH a sweet food made with dried fruits and eaten at Christmas
SPICES
substances that flavour food ,
coconut milk noun
the sweet thin liquid contained in a cooking
COCONUT
, used in drinks and in Asian and Caribbean
compote noun
a sweet food made from fruit cooked with sugar
confection noun
FORMAL
a sweet food, especially a cake
crème caramel noun
a sweet food made from cream, eggs, and sugar
crisp noun
AMERICAN a
CRUMBLE
crumble noun
BRITISH a sweet food made from pieces of fruit covered with a mixture of flour, butter, and sugar, and baked in an oven
demerara sugar noun
BRITISH a type of rough pale brown sugar
donut noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a
DOUGHNUT
doughnut noun
a round sweet food, often in the shape of a ring, that is made by cooking dough in oil
dumpling noun
a sweet food consisting of
PASTRY
filled with fruit
flan noun
AMERICAN a
CRÈME CARAMEL
fondant noun
a very soft sweet food made from sugar and water, usually spread over cakes as
ICING
fool noun
a sweet food made from crushed cooked fruit mixed with cream and served cold
fruit cocktail noun
a food consisting of small pieces of different types of fruit, often sold in
TINS
fruit salad noun
a food consisting of small pieces of different types of fresh fruit, usually eaten as a
DESSERT
fudge noun
a soft brown sweet food made from sugar, butter, and milk or cream
fudge noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a sweet soft chocolate that is spread on cakes or poured over ice cream
golden syrup noun
BRITISH a sweet sticky yellow food made from sugar
granulated sugar noun
sugar in the form of small white grains, used especially for adding to cups of tea and coffee
gur noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a type of dark brown sugar that you buy in solid pieces, not small grains
honey noun
a sweet, sticky yellow or brown food made by
BEES
ice noun
BRITISH
OLD-FASHIONED
an
ICE CREAM
ice cream noun
a frozen sweet food made from cream or milk and sugar, often with fruit or chocolate added to flavour it
ice cream noun
BRITISH an amount of ice cream for one person
icing noun
a substance used to cover or fill cakes. Icing is made by mixing sugar with water or butter.
icing sugar noun
BRITISH a type of sugar that has been made into a powder and is used to make icing to cover cakes. The American word is confectioner’s sugar .
jaggery noun
INDIAN ENGLISH in South Asia, brown sugar from
SUGAR CANE
or from a
PALM
tree
Jell-O
TRADEMARK
AMERICAN
JELLY
that is made from fruit juice, sugar, and
GELATINE
jelly noun
BRITISH a soft sweet food made from fruit juice, sugar, and through and that shakes when you touch it
GELATINE
that you can see
junket noun
a sweet food made from milk that was popular in the past
knickerbocker glory noun
BRITISH
ICE CREAM
in a tall glass with sweet sauce and cream
lolly noun
BRITISH an
ICE-LOLLY
lolly noun
BRITISH a
LOLLIPOP
lump noun
a solid piece of sugar with a square shape
marzipan noun
a sweet food made from sugar and sweets
ALMONDS
that is used for decorating cakes and making
meringue noun
a sweet food made from a mixture of sugar and
EGG WHITES
milk pudding noun
BRITISH a sweet food made by cooking a mixture of milk, sugar, and rice or a similar grain in the oven
mincemeat noun
a sweet food made by mixing small pieces of make mince pies
DRIED FRUIT
and
SPICES
, used especially to
molasses noun
AMERICAN
TREACLE
mousse noun
a cold sweet food made with cream, eggs, and fruit or chocolate
parfait noun
AMERICAN a sweet food consisting of layers of fruit and
ICE CREAM
, served in a tall glass
pavlova noun
BRITISH a sweet food that consists of cream and fruit on top of
MERINGUE
peach melba noun
a sweet food that consists of half a
PEACH
with
ICE CREAM
and
RASPBERRY
sauce on top
plum pudding noun
BRITISH
OLD-FASHIONED CHRISTMAS PUDDING
pudding noun
a soft sweet food that you eat at the end of a meal
pudding noun
AMERICAN a sweet food like thick cream, usually flavoured with fruit or chocolate, eaten as a DESSERT
MAINLY
rice pudding noun
a sweet food made from rice cooked with milk and sugar
roly-poly noun
BRITISH a sweet food made by spreading up and cooked
JAM
or fruit on a piece of
PASTRY
that is then rolled
semolina noun
a sweet food made by cooking grains of crushed wheat with milk and sugar
sherbet noun
AMERICAN a
SORBET
sorbet noun
a sweet food made from fruit juice, ice, and sugar
sponge pudding noun
BRITISH a sweet food that is made with eggs, butter, flour, and sugar and is eaten hot
spotted dick noun
a type of sweet
PUDDING
that has dried fruit such as
CURRANTS
in it
sugar noun
a sweet substance consisting of very small white or brown pieces that is added to food or drinks to make them taste sweet
sugar cube noun
a small hard piece of sugar with six sides that you put in a hot drink
sugar lump noun
a
SUGAR CUBE
summer pudding noun
BRITISH a sweet food that is made by putting pieces of bread around the sides of a bowl and filling it with a mixture of soft fruits
sundae noun
ICE CREAM
served with a sweet sauce, and nuts, fruit, and
SYRUP
syllabub noun
a sweet food made from cream, sugar, fruit juice, and wine
syrup noun
a sweet liquid made from sugar and water
syrup noun
a sweet thick yellow liquid made from sugar, used especially in cooking
treacle noun
BRITISH a thick sweet black liquid used in cooking
trifle noun
a sweet food eaten especially in the UK, made from cake covered with fruit or cold CUSTARD , and sometimes cream
JELLY
,
turnover noun
a sweet food like a small
PIE
, filled with fruit
tutti frutti noun
a type of
ICE CREAM
that contains small pieces of different types of fruit
water ice noun
BRITISH
OLD-FASHIONED
a
SORBET
whip noun
a sweet soft food made with cream and flavours or fruit
yoghurt noun
a food made from milk that has become thick and slightly added to it
SOUR
, sometimes with fruit
yogurt
another spelling of yoghurt
raspberry chocolate etc ripple
ICE-CREAM
that has lines of a
RASPBERRY
chocolate etc flavoured substance in it
Types of Milk and Cream
clotted cream noun
very thick cream made by heating milk until large lumps of cream form
condensed milk noun
thick sweet milk that is sold in cans
cream noun
a thick yellowish-white liquid taken from the top of milk
creamer noun
a white liquid or powder used instead of milk or cream
crème fraîche noun
a type of thick cream with a slightly sour flavour
double cream noun
BRITISH thick cream that becomes almost solid when you mix it quickly
evaporated milk noun
thick milk sold in
TINS
and often poured on fruit or sweet food
full-cream adjective
BRITISH full-cream milk has had no cream removed. Semi-skimmed milk has had about half of its cream removed, and skimmed milk has had almost all of its cream removed.
full-fat adjective
BRITISH full-fat milk, cream, cheese, or
YOGHURT
has had no fat removed
half-and-half noun
AMERICAN a mixture of equal parts of milk and cream that you put into coffee or tea
homogenized adjective
homogenized milk has had the cream mixed in so that it will not separate
milk noun
a white liquid that comes from cows, goats, and sheep, which people drink and use in cooking. Cheese and other foods made from milk are called dairy products
pasteurized adjective
if a liquid such as milk is pasteurized, it has been heated to a temperature that kills all the harmful bacteria
semi-skimmed adjective
BRITISH semi-skimmed milk has had a lot of the fat removed
single cream noun
BRITISH thin cream that has little fat in it
skimmed milk noun
milk that has had the cream removed from it. The usual American word is skim milk .
sour cream noun
thick cream with a sour flavour
soya milk noun
a white liquid from soya beans, used as a drink and in cooking
UHT milk noun
milk that has been heated to a very high temperature so that it stays fresh for longer
whipping cream noun
a thick type of cream that can be made very stiff
semi-skimmed noun
Sea Food
lobster noun
a lobster cooked and eaten as food
mussel noun
a small SHELLFISH with a soft body inside a hard black or green shell, often cooked and eaten as food
octopus noun
this animal eaten as food
oyster noun
a type of SHELLFISH that has a rough shell and is eaten as food, often raw. Some types of oyster contain pearls small white jewels .
scallop noun
a scallop eaten as food
scampi noun
BRITISH large
PRAWNS
covered with
BREADCRUMBS
, cooked in hot oil and eaten as food
shellfish noun
these creatures used as food
shrimp noun
a shrimp eaten as food
squid noun
this animal eaten as food
winkle noun
a type of small
SHELLFISH
that can be eaten as food
Offal
brains noun
the brain of an animal cooked and eaten as food
giblets noun
the liver, heart, and neck of
POULTRY
chickens etc that you remove before you cook it
kidney noun
the kidney of some animals eaten as food
liver noun
the liver of some animals eaten as food
sweetbread noun
the
PANCREAS
small organ in the body of a young farm animal, cooked and eaten
tongue noun
the tongue of an animal cooked and eaten as food
tripe noun
the stomach of a cow or a sheep eaten as food
Fish Eaten as Food
bass noun
this fish eaten as food
bloater noun
a sea fish that is eaten as food
bouillabaisse noun
a soup made from fish and vegetables
bream noun
this fish eaten as food
bream noun
this fish eaten as food
chowder noun
a thick soup usually made with fish or
SHELLFISH
, milk or cream, and vegetables
cod noun
this fish eaten as food
eel noun
a long thin fish that looks like a snake and can be eaten
filet
another spelling of fillet
1
fillet noun
a single side of the body of a fish, with the bones removed
fish noun
fish eaten as food. Fish and other sea animals such as
SHRIMPS
are called seafood .
fishcake noun
a flat round food made from pieces of fish and potato covered in cooked
BREADCRUMBS
and then
fishcake noun
a type of Asian food that is made from fish and is usually served with rice and vegetables
fish finger noun
BRITISH a food that consists of a long thin piece of fish that is covered in then cooked
BREADCRUMBS
and
haddock noun
this fish eaten as food
hake noun
this fish eaten as food
halibut noun
this fish eaten as food
herring noun
this fish eaten as food
kipper noun
a
HERRING
type of fish that has been preserved in salt and smoke
lemon sole noun
this fish eaten as food
lox noun
AMERICAN
SMOKED SALMON
mackerel noun
this fish eaten as food
mullet noun
this fish eaten as food
perch noun
this fish eaten as food
pilchard noun
this fish eaten as food, usually sold in
CANS
metal containers
plaice noun
this fish eaten as food
rainbow trout noun
a large fish in rivers and lakes that is eaten as food
roe noun
a group of fish eggs that are found inside a fish, or that are eaten as food
rollmop noun
a piece of raw
HERRING
a type of fish that has been rolled up and preserved in
VINEGAR
salmon noun
salmon eaten as food
skate noun
skate eaten as food
smoked salmon noun
an expensive food consisting of very thin pieces of
SALMON
that has been smoked
snapper noun
this fish eaten as food
sole noun
this fish eaten as food
sprat noun
this fish eaten as food
sturgeon noun
this fish eaten as food
trout noun
this fish eaten as food
tuna noun
this fish eaten as food
turbot noun
this fish eaten as food
whitebait noun
very small fish eaten whole as food
whiting noun
this fish eaten as food
Soups
bisque noun
a thick soup made from
SHELLFISH
bouillabaisse noun
a soup made from fish and vegetables
bouillon noun
a clear soup made from meat and vegetables
broth noun
OLD-FASHIONED
soup, especially when it is considered to be good for you
chowder noun
a thick soup usually made with fish or
SHELLFISH
, milk or cream, and vegetables
cock-a-leekie noun
a type of Scottish soup made from chicken with
LEEKS
and other vegetables
consommé noun
a type of clear soup made from meat juices
gazpacho noun
a cold Spanish soup made mainly with raw tomatoes, onions,
GARLIC
and
CUCUMBER
gumbo noun
a thick soup made with chicken or fish and the vegetable southern US
OKRA
, eaten mainly in the
Irish stew noun
a thick soup made from meat, potatoes, onions, and other root vegetables
minestrone noun
a type of Italian soup made from vegetables and small pieces of pasta
mulligatawny noun
a type of clear soup with a hot flavour
oxtail noun
the tail of an
OX
eaten as food, often in soup
Scotch broth noun
BRITISH a thick soup made from vegetables, meat, and
BARLEY
soup noun
a liquid food that is made by cooking meat, fish, vegetables etc with water or milk
cream of something
a soup containing cream
Salads and Salad Dressings
Caesar salad noun
a salad made with COS LETTUCE , oil, lemon juice, and egg
CROUTONS
pieces of hard bread , and a
DRESSING
containing
coleslaw noun
a type of salad made from raw
CABBAGE
and
CARROTS
mixed with
MAYONNAISE
dressing noun
a mixture of liquids such as oil and
VINEGAR
that you pour over salad
Greek salad noun
a salad consisting of tomatoes,
OLIVES
,
FETA
cheese,
LETTUCE
, and
CUCUMBER
green salad noun
a salad that consists mainly of
LETTUCE
a round vegetable with thin green leaves
ranch dressing noun
AMERICAN a type of
SALAD DRESSING
salad noun
a food containing a mixture of raw vegetables such as usually served with a SALAD DRESSING
LETTUCE
, tomatoes, and
CUCUMBERS
,
salad noun
food that has been cut into small pieces and mixed together, usually with a sauce, and served cold
salad cream noun
BRITISH a yellow sauce similar to
MAYONNAISE
, served on a salad
salad dressing noun
a sauce that adds flavour to salads, usually made by mixing oil,
SPICES VINEGAR
, and
HERBS
or
slaw noun
AMERICAN
COLESLAW
vinaigrette noun
a sauce for salads and cold vegetables, made from oil,
VINEGAR
, and
SPICES
Waldorf salad noun
a salad that contains nuts, small pieces of apple, and
CELERY
all mixed with
MAYONNAISE
Herbs, Spices and Condiments
allspice noun
a powder made from the fruit of a tropical tree that is added to food to give it extra flavour
aniseed noun
the seed of a plant called anise , used for adding flavour to food and drink
basil noun
a plant whose sweet leaves are used in salads and cooking, especially in dishes containing tomato. Basil is a herb .
bay leaf noun
a leaf from a
BAY TREE
that is often used in cooking to add flavour
black pepper noun
pepper produced from dried crushed pepper seeds and their hard black cover
borage noun
a plant with rough leaves used for giving a fresh flavour to food. Borage is a herb .
bouquet garni noun
a mixture of HERBS in a small bag, that you use to add flavour to soups, sauces etc when you are cooking
caraway noun
the seeds of a plant used on or in food such as bread or cakes
cardamom noun
the seeds of a plant used for giving a particular flavour to food. Cardamom is a spice .
cayenne pepper noun
a red powder made from a type of pepper that has a strong flavour. It is added to food to make it taste SPICY .
chili
the American spelling of chilli
chilli noun
CHILLI POWDER
chilli powder noun
a red powder made from a type of spice .
CHILLIES
, used for adding a hot flavour to food. Chilli powder is
chives noun
a plant with long thin leaves that taste like onion and are used for flavouring food
cilantro noun
AMERICAN
CORIANDER
cinnamon noun
a brown powder or small stick made from the BARK of a tree and used for giving a special taste to food, especially sweet food. Cinnamon is a spice .
clove noun
a brown dried flower
BUD
used as a
SPICE
for adding flavour to food
clove noun
a small section of the
BULB
of a
GARLIC
plant used for adding flavour to food
cocoa noun
a brown powder made from cocoa beans that is used for making chocolate or chocolate-flavoured foods and drinks
condiment noun
something such as salt, pepper, or a sauce that you put on food at the table to make it taste better
FORMAL
coriander noun
BRITISH a plant whose leaves and seeds are used to give flavour to food. The American word is cilantro .
cumin noun
seeds used for adding a special flavour to food, or the plant that produces them. Cumin is a type of spice .
curry powder noun
a mixture of
SPICES
in the form of a powder, used for making curry
dill noun
a type of
HERB
plant used for giving food a special flavour
garam masala noun
a mixture of
SPICES
that make food taste hot, often used in Indian cooking
ginger noun
a thick light brown root with a strong flavour that is used as a spice in cooking
haldi noun
INDIAN ENGLISH
TURMERIC
used in Indian cooking
lemon grass noun
a plant similar to thick grass that is used in cooking to give a lemon flavour, especially in Southeast Asian meals
mace noun
the crushed shell of
NUTMEG
, used for adding flavour to food. Mace is a spice .
marjoram noun
a plant whose leaves are used in cooking Marjoram is a herb .
menthol noun
a substance that smells and tastes like
MINT
mint noun
a small plant with green leaves that have a strong smell, used for adding flavour to food. Mint is a herb .
mustard noun
a yellow substance with a hot taste made from the seeds of a plant Mustard is eaten, especially with meat, in small amounts .
nutmeg noun
a brown powder used as a tropical tree .
SPICE
to give flavour to food It comes from the hard seed of a
oregano noun
a plant whose leaves are used in cooking for giving a special flavour to food. Oregano is a herb .
paprika noun
a red powder used in cooking for adding a slightly hot flavour to food. Paprika is a spice .
parsley noun
a small plant with curly leaves, used for decorating food or for giving it a fresh flavour. Parsley is a herb .
pepper noun
a black or white powder that adds strong flavour to food. It is made from crushed dried fruits called peppercorns .
rock salt noun
pieces of salt used in cooking
rosemary noun
a bush with narrow leaves that have a strong pleasant smell and taste, used as a cooking
HERB
in
saffron noun
an orange-yellow substance used for adding flavour and colour to food
sage noun
a plant used to flavour food. Sage is a herb .
salt noun
a white substance that is often added to food before or after cooking to improve its flavour. Salt is dug from the ground, or produced from sea water
sassafras noun
the roots of this tree used in food and drinks
sea salt noun
large pieces of salt that are produced when sea water
EVAPORATES
becomes steam
seasoning noun
salt, pepper, or other
SPICES
that you add to food to improve the taste
seed noun
a seed that you eat or use to give flavour to food
sodium chloride noun
CHEMISTRY
salt
sorrel noun
a plant with bitter leaves that people use for giving a fresh flavour to food
spearmint noun
a flavour from the leaves of a plant used in sweets and in
TOOTHPASTE
spice noun
a substance made from plants and added to food to give it a particular flavour
tarragon noun
the leaves of a small plant that are added to food to give it a special flavour. Tarragon is a herb .
thyme noun
a small plant with very small leaves used for adding flavour to food. Thyme is a herb .
turmeric noun
a yellow powder used when cooking for adding flavour and colour to food, especially CURRY Turmeric is a spice .
vanilla noun
a flavour used in some sweet foods, for example cakes and the bean of a tropical plant
ICE CREAM
, that comes from
white pepper noun
pepper in the form of a white powder
Edible Nuts
almond noun
a flat white nut with a brown skin that is often used in cooking
betel nut noun
the nut of a PALM TREE from Southeast Asia that people cut into pieces, wrap in a leaf from the betel plant, and CHEW
brazil nut noun
a large curved nut that has a hard shell with three sides
cashew noun
a curved nut eaten as a food
chestnut noun
a large smooth red-brown nut that you can eat
cob noun
BRITISH a
COBNUT
cobnut noun
a type of
HAZELNUT
coconut noun
a large nut that has white flesh and a hard brown shell covered with fibres like rough hair
groundnut noun
a
PEANUT
hazelnut noun
a nut from a hazel tree
macadamia noun
a white nut that grows on a tropical tree
monkey nut noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a
PEANUT
before it has had its shell removed
peanut noun
a type of nut that grows under the ground inside a thin shell and that can be eaten
pecan noun
a sweet nut with a thin smooth shell. It grows on a pecan tree .
pine nut noun
the small white seed of some types of
PINE
that is sometimes used in cooking
pistachio noun
a small green nut from a Mediterranean or Asian tree
walnut noun
a nut you can eat that has a round shell
KNOBBLY
surface covered in small round lumps inside a hard
Beans, Lentils and Peas
aduki bean noun
a small dark red bean
adzuki bean noun
an
ADUKI BEAN
bean noun
a seed of various plants that is cooked and eaten There are many different types of beans, for example kidney beans , soya beans , and green beans .
bean noun
a dried bean that you and COCOA
GRIND
make into a powder and use to make drinks such as coffee
bean curd noun
a soft white food made from
SOYA BEANS
bean sprouts noun
the young stems growing from the seeds of a bean plant that are eaten as food
black-eyed bean noun
BRITISH a small bean with a black spot
broad bean noun
BRITISH a large flat bean with a pale green skin
butter bean noun
a large pale yellow bean that you sometimes buy in a dried form and then cook in water
chickpea noun
a round yellow-brown seed that can be cooked and eaten
cocoa bean noun
the seed of the
CACAO
tree that is crushed to make cocoa
cocoa butter noun
a type of fat made from cocoa beans and used in making chocolate,
COSMETICS
, and soap
coffee noun
the crushed beans that you use to make coffee
coffee bean noun
a brown seed that is
ROASTED
and crushed to make coffee
fava bean noun French bean noun
BRITISH a long thin green bean that is eaten whole AMERICAN a
BROAD BEAN
green bean noun
a long thin green vegetable that grows on a tall climbing plant
haricot noun
a small white bean that you usually buy in dried form and cook in water
kidney bean noun
a red bean eaten as a vegetable
legume noun
BIOLOGY
a seed such as a
PEA
or bean that grows in a
POD
lentil noun
a round flat seed that you boil before you eat it. You normally buy lentils in dried form.
lima bean noun
a flat pale green bean that is grown in North and South America
mangetout noun
BRITISH a small flat green vegetable with very small seeds inside. It is a type of pea and you can eat its skin.
mung bean noun
a small round green bean, usually used for producing a bean sprout
mushy peas noun
BRITISH PEAS that are boiled until they are very soft, eaten as a vegetable, especially in northern England
pea noun
a very small round green vegetable that grows in a long narrow
POD
pinto bean noun
a small bean with brown spots that you can cook and eat
pulses noun
seeds that you can cook and eat, for example beans,
LENTILS
, and
PEAS
runner bean noun
a long green bean that grows on a tall climbing plant and is cooked and eaten
snow pea noun
AMERICAN a
MANGETOUT
soy noun
a
SOYA BEAN
soya bean noun
the seed of a plant, used for making food and oil
soybean noun
AMERICAN a a dried
SOYA BEAN
split pea noun
PEA
that has been divided in half
sprouts noun
AMERICAN
BEAN SPROUTS
string bean noun
BRITISH a
RUNNER BEAN
string bean noun
AMERICAN a
GREEN BEAN
Rice, Wheat and Grain Products
all-purpose flour noun
AMERICAN
PLAIN FLOUR
arrowroot noun
a substance similar to flour that is used in cooking for making liquids thicker
basmati noun
a type of rice with long grains and a flavour that is not very strong
bran noun
the outside of the grain of a
CEREAL
such as wheat or
OATS
brown rice noun
rice that has not had the outer layer of the seed removed
buckwheat noun
a type of grain that is eaten or fed to animals
bulgur noun
a type of wheat that has been partly boiled and then dried, used especially in Turkish cooking
cereal noun
a food made from grain, for example wheat, breakfast
OATS
, or
CORN
, mainly eaten with milk for
corn noun
the seeds of wheat, barley etc which are crushed to make flour
corn noun
the seeds of a corn plant that are cooked as food or fed to animals
cornflakes noun
a breakfast food made of small flat dried pieces of
MAIZE
, eaten with milk
cornflour noun
BRITISH white flour made from
MAIZE
, used in cooking to make liquids thicker
cornmeal noun
a type of flour made from
MAIZE
cornstarch noun
AMERICAN
CORNFLOUR
couscous noun
crushed wheat that is used in a North African meal with meat and vegetables
flour noun
a white or brown powder made by crushing grains. Flour is used for making bread, cakes, pasta etc
grain noun
the seeds from crops such as wheat, rice, or
BARLEY
that are used for food
grits noun
AMERICAN a food made from MAIZE a type of grain that has been crushed and boiled in water, often eaten for breakfast, especially in the southern US
gruel noun
a food made by boiling crushed grain in water or milk, often eaten by poor people in the past
hominy noun
AMERICAN a food made from dried and crushed
SWEETCORN
meal noun
crushed grain, used as food for people or animals
mealie noun
SOUTH AFRICAN
MAIZE
, or a piece of maize
oatmeal noun
crushed
OATS
a type of grain , used in cooking
oats noun
a type of grain that people and animals eat
pearl barley noun
grains of the
BARLEY
plant that are eaten as food
plain flour noun
BRITISH a type of flour that does not contain any substances that will make cakes or BISCUITS rise. The American word is all-purpose flour .
polenta noun
a soft Italian food made from
MAIZE
, eaten with meat or vegetables
popcorn noun
a food made from dried grains of maize that swell when they are heated
rice noun
a food consisting of small white or brown grains that are eaten cooked
rice paper noun
a type of very thin paper that you can eat, used in baking
rolled oats noun
BRITISH OATS a type of grain that have had their outer layer removed and have then been crushed
samp noun
SOUTH AFRICAN maize crushed into fairly large pieces, often cooked and eaten with dried beans by black South Africans
self-raising flour noun
BRITISH a type of flour that contains bake them
BAKING POWDER
to make bread and cakes
RISE
when you
self-rising flour noun
AMERICAN
SELF-RAISING FLOUR
semolina noun
small pieces of crushed wheat that are used for making pasta
sweetcorn noun
BRITISH the small yellow seeds of some types of a vegetable
MAIZE
plant that are cooked and eaten as
tapioca noun
a food in the form of small white grains, used in cooking for making liquids thick or mixed with milk to make a DESSERT
wheat noun
wheat grains, or food made from them
wheatgerm noun
the centre part of the wheat grain that people sometimes add to food to make it especially healthy
wheatmeal noun
BRITISH wheat flour that is a mixture of
WHITE FLOUR
and
WHOLEMEAL
flour
white adjective
white flour is made from grain that has had the outer part removed. White bread is bread made with white flour.
wholegrain adjective
wholegrain food contains all the wheat grain, including the outer part
wholemeal adjective
BRITISH wholemeal bread, flour, pasta etc contains all the wheat grain including the outer part
wholewheat adjective
WHOLEMEAL
Food from around the world Indian Food
aloo noun
INDIAN ENGLISH an Indian food that consists of cooked potato
balti noun
BRITISH a meal cooked in a Pakistani style, usually served in a metal pan
bhaji noun
an Indian food made from vegetables covered in water and cooked in hot oil
BATTER
a mixture of flour, eggs, and
biriani noun
an Indian meal made from rice and meat, fish, or vegetables mixed with
SPICES
biryani
another spelling of biriani
Bombay mix noun
an Indian food that is a mixture of nuts, seeds, and small pieces of dried foods
curry noun
an Indian food consisting of meat or vegetables cooked in a sauce with a hot flavour, often eaten with rice
dal
another spelling of dhal
dhal noun
an Indian food made from cooked
LENTILS
gulab jamun noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a sweet Indian food made from a flour and water mixture, fried and served in a sugar SYRUP flavoured with roses
khichri noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a food that consists of rice cooked with onions and
SPICES
korma noun
an Indian food consisting of meat, fish, or vegetables in a sauce made with cream or
YOGHURT
madras noun
a type of flavour
CURRY
an Indian food that consists of meat and vegetables and has a strong hot
masala noun
a mixture of
SPICES
used in South Asian food
masala noun
a sauce made with this mixture of
SPICES
and cream
paan noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a food made from a BETEL leaf folded round pieces of betel nut and that you CHEW like a sweet or to give you energy
SPICES
,
pakora noun
an Indian food made from pieces of meat or vegetables that have been covered in a mixture of flour and egg and cooked in hot oil
pilaf noun
a Middle Eastern or Indian food consisting mainly of rice mixed with meat or vegetables
pilau noun
PILAF
pilau rice noun
flavoured and often coloured rice eaten with Indian food
samosa noun
an Indian food made with cooked meat or vegetables wrapped in thin in oil
PASTRY
and cooked
tandoori noun
an Indian method of cooking in which you use a clay container
tandoori noun
an Indian meal cooked in a clay container
thali noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a meal at an Indian restaurant, consisting of several small dishes
tikka noun
an Indian meal that consists of pieces of meat or vegetables cooked in
SPICES
vindaloo noun
a very
SPICY
Indian
CURRY
Mexican Food
burrito noun
a type of Mexican food made with a TORTILLA a piece of flat thin bread that is folded over and filled with meat or beans and cheese
chilli noun
a Mexican meal made from beans, tomatoes, onions, chillies, and usually meat, all cooked together
enchilada noun
a Mexican food consisting of a piece of flat bread rolled up and filled with meat and cheese
fajitas noun
a Mexican meal that consists of thin pieces of chicken, vegetables, or meat cooked and then rolled up inside a TORTILLA
guacamole noun
a sauce made from crushed
AVOCADO
, often eaten with Mexican food
nachos noun
a type of Mexican food that consists of pieces of beans and cheese on top
TORTILLA
thin flat bread heated with
refried beans noun
a food from Mexico that consists of cooked beans that are
FRIED
with
SPICES
salsa noun
a sauce made from tomatoes, onions, Spanish food
CHILLI
peppers, and
SPICES
, served with Mexican or
taco noun
a Mexican food consisting of a flat piece of and cooked until it is hard
PASTRY
that is folded around meat, beans etc
tamale noun
a Mexican meal made by rolling cooked meat and peppers in the outer covering of MAIZE , and then cooking it
CORNMEAL
, wrapping it in
tortilla chips noun
small pieces of
MAIZE
tortilla cooked in oil
European and Mediterranean Food
antipasto noun
cold food that you eat at the start of an Italian meal
coq au vin noun
a French meal made from chicken cooked with red wine
fondue noun
a meal that consists of hot liquid cheese, chocolate, or hot oil in a container, into which you put small pieces of food using a long fork
fricassee noun
a meal that consists of pieces of meat cooked in a thick white sauce
goulash noun
a Hungarian
STEW
thick soup made from meat and vegetables and hot red pepper
houmous
another spelling of hummus
hummus noun
a soft food from Greece and the Middle East that is made from with bread
CHICKPEAS
and eaten cold
humus
an American spelling of hummus
lasagne noun
an Italian meal made with layers of flat pasta with a sauce, cheese, and meat or vegetables
minestrone noun
a type of Italian soup made from vegetables and small pieces of pasta
moussaka noun
a Greek dish made from layers of meat,
AUBERGINES
, and cheese
paella noun
a Spanish meal made from rice cooked with vegetables, chicken,
SHELLFISH
etc
pasta noun
an Italian food made from flour and water, and sometimes eggs. There are many different forms of pasta, for example spaghetti , ravioli , and lasagne .
pepperoni noun
a type of Italian
SAUSAGE
that is used in foods such as
PIZZA
pizza noun
a food that consists of flat round bread with tomato, cheese, vegetables, meat etc on it
plat du jour noun
a meal that is not included in a restaurant’s usual menu and that is different each day
polenta noun
a soft Italian food made from
MAIZE
, eaten with meat or vegetables
ragout noun
a meal consisting of meat and vegetables cooked in a sauce. Ragout is a type of stew .
ratatouille noun
a meal made by cooking tomatoes, onions, together in a pan
GARLIC
, peppers,
AUBERGINES
, and
COURGETTES
sauerkraut noun
a German food made from CABBAGE that has been cut into very thin pieces and kept in water with salt to give it a sour flavour
tapas noun
small amounts of Spanish food served before a meal or with alcoholic drinks at a bar
taramasalata noun
a soft pink Greek food made from
ROE
fish eggs
tzatziki noun
a Greek food made by mixing
YOGHURT
,
CUCUMBER
, and
GARLIC
together
Chinese and Japanese Food
Chinese noun chop suey noun
a Chinese meal consisting of meat cut into long thin pieces with vegetables Chinese food
chow mein noun
a Chinese meal consisting of NOODLES long thin pieces of pasta cooked in oil with small pieces of meat and vegetables
dim sum noun
a
CHINESE
meal consisting of a variety of foods
miso noun
a soft Japanese food made from
SOYA BEANS
, used in
VEGETARIAN
cooking
sashimi noun
a Japanese meal consisting of raw fish, usually served with a sauce
spring roll noun
a Chinese food consisting of a small roll of cooked in hot oil and eaten hot or cold
PASTRY
filled with meat or fish and vegetables,
sushi noun
a Japanese food that consists of small cakes of cold rice with fish, egg, or vegetables on top or inside
tempura noun
a type of Japanese food consisting of pieces of vegetables or fish cooked in
BATTER
wasabi noun
a sauce with a very strong taste that is eaten with Japanese food
Middle Eastern Food
doner kebab noun
BRITISH a Middle Eastern meal that consists of flat pieces of cooked BREAD with salad
LAMB
, served in a
PITTA
falafel noun
a Middle Eastern food made from in oil
CHICKPEAS
, onion, and
SPICES
made into balls and cooked
felafel
another spelling of falafel
hummus noun
a soft food from Greece and the Middle East that is made from with bread
CHICKPEAS
and eaten cold
pilaf noun pilau noun
PILAF
a Middle Eastern or Indian food consisting mainly of rice mixed with meat or vegetables
pitta bread noun
a type of flat bread that is eaten especially with Middle Eastern food
Drinks General Words for Drinks
drink noun
an amount of liquid that someone drinks
beverage noun
FORMAL
a drink
drink noun
a particular kind of liquid for drinking
drop noun
INFORMAL
a small amount of a drink
potion noun
a drink that is believed to be magic, poisonous, or useful as a medicine
nectar noun
a drink that tastes very good
refreshments noun
FORMAL
something to eat or drink during an event such as a meeting or party
drink noun
drinks in general
infusion noun
a drink, medicine, or beauty treatment made by putting something such as leaves or HERBS in hot water
pick-me-up noun
INFORMAL
something such as a drink that makes you feel more lively
cup noun
the drink contained in a cup
fizz noun
the small gas
BUBBLES
that are in some drinks
round noun
a drink for each of the people in a group
philtre noun
LITERARY
a special drink that is intended to have a magic effect
mickey noun
VERY INFORMAL
a
MICKEY FINN
Mickey Finn noun
a drink with a drug in it, given secretly to someone to make them unconscious
VERY INFORMAL
dop noun
SOUTH AFRICAN
INFORMAL
a small drink
Types and Amounts of Alcoholic Drinks
alcohol noun
drinks such as wine and beer that can make people drunk
alcohol noun
the substance in drinks such as wine and beer that makes you drunk
alcopop noun
BRITISH a drink that contains alcohol but tastes like a
SOFT DRINK
such as
LEMONADE
aperitif noun
an alcoholic drink that is drunk before a meal
bevvy noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
an alcoholic drink
booze noun
INFORMAL
alcoholic drink
chaser noun
a weak alcoholic drink that you drink immediately after a strong alcoholic drink, or a strong alcoholic drink that you drink immediately after a weak one
cocktail noun
a drink, usually with a lot of alcohol in it, made by mixing different drinks together
cup noun
an alcoholic drink made from a mixture of two or more drinks, especially wine and fruit juice
double noun
an amount of a strong alcoholic drink that is twice the usual amount
dram noun
SCOTTISH a small amount of an alcoholic drink, especially
WHISKY
drink noun
an alcoholic drink
dumpie noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a small bottle of beer
firewater noun
INFORMAL
any strong alcoholic drink
frappé noun
a sweet alcoholic drink served with a lot of small pieces of ice
half adjective, adverb, noun, number, predeterminer, pronoun
BRITISH
MAINLY SPOKEN
half a
PINT
of a drink, especially beer
hooch noun
INFORMAL
strong alcoholic drink, especially drink that is made illegally
libation noun
HUMOROUS
a drink, especially an alcoholic drink
liquid refreshment noun
HUMOROUS
drinks, especially alcoholic drinks
liquor noun
FORMAL
alcoholic drinks
liquor noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN strong alcoholic drinks
mamba noun
SOUTH AFRICAN
INFORMAL
an alcoholic drink made at home
measure noun
a standard amount of alcohol served in a bar, restaurant etc
miniature noun
a very small bottle of alcoholic drink, especially a spirit
moonshine noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
a strong alcoholic drink that is produced and sold illegally
nightcap noun
an alcoholic drink that you have just before you go to bed
nip noun
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink
one determiner, number, pronoun
INFORMAL
a glass of alcoholic drink
pint noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a pint of beer
punch noun
a sweet drink made with fruit juice and usually alcohol
rotgut noun
INFORMAL
an alcoholic drink that is cheap and not of good quality
short noun
BRITISH a strong alcoholic drink served in small amounts
shot noun
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink
slammer noun
an alcoholic drink consisting of TEQUILA and after BANGING the glass on the table
LEMONADE
that you traditionally drink quickly
slug noun
INFORMAL
an amount of a strong alcoholic drink that you drink quickly
snifter noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED
a small amount of an alcoholic drink
spirit noun
a strong alcoholic drink such as
WHISKY
or
BRANDY
strong drink noun
alcoholic drinks, especially alcoholic
SPIRITS
stubby noun
AUSTRALIAN a small wide bottle of beer
sundowner noun
INFORMAL
an alcoholic drink that people have in the evening
tincture noun
BRITISH
HUMOROUS
an alcoholic drink
tipple noun
INFORMAL
an alcoholic drink that you drink regularly
tot noun
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink
tube noun
AUSTRALIAN
INFORMAL
a can of drink, especially beer
tumbler noun
the amount of drink that a tumbler can contain
unit noun
BRITISH used for measuring the amount of alcohol that people drink
the usual noun
used in a bar for ordering the same alcoholic drink that you usually have, or for asking a customer if that is what they want
SPOKEN
a quick one
BRITISH
INFORMAL
an alcoholic drink that you drink quickly
one for the road
SPOKEN
the hair of the dog (that bit you)
HUMOROUS
an alcoholic drink that you have quickly before you leave a place
an alcoholic drink that makes you feel better when you drank too much alcohol the night before
the hard stuff
INFORMAL
strong alcoholic drinks
Non-Alcoholic Drinks
americano noun
a cup of coffee made by pouring a little
ESPRESSO
strong Italian coffee on top of hot water
angostura noun
a bitter substance used to flavour alcoholic drinks
barley water noun
a drink made from lemons or oranges and
BARLEY
beef tea noun
a hot drink made from beef that people used to drink in the past when they were ill
bitter lemon noun
BRITISH a type of drink
FIZZY
drink with gas in it that has a lemon flavour, or a glass of this
bitters noun
a bitter liquid made from plants or roots that is added to alcoholic drinks to give flavour
brew noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
an amount of tea brewed at one time and served in a pot
buttermilk noun
the liquid that remains when fat is removed from cream in order to make butter, used in cooking or as a drink
cappuccino noun
strong coffee made with hot milk and often with
CINNAMON
or chocolate powder on top
chai noun
sweet flavoured tea of the type often sold in cafés
chai noun
INDIAN ENGLISH tea that you drink
chocolate noun
a drink made by pouring hot water or milk over a sweet chocolate powder, or a cup of this drink
cider noun
AMERICAN a drink made from apples, or a glass of this drink
club soda noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN
SODA WATER
club soda noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a glass of club soda
cocoa noun
a hot chocolate-flavoured drink made from milk, cocoa, and sugar, or a cup of this drink
coffee noun
a hot, slightly bitter drink made by pouring hot water over brown powder consisting of COFFEE BEANS that have been GROUND crushed into very small pieces . Coffee served without milk is called black coffee, and coffee with milk is white coffee
coffee noun
a cup of coffee
Coke noun
TRADEMARK
a type of sweet brown
FIZZY
drink with gas in it , or a glass of this drink
cola noun
a sweet brown
FIZZY
drink with gas in it , or a glass of this drink
cordial noun
BRITISH a sweet fruit-flavoured drink that you mix with water
cream soda noun
a sweet drink with
BUBBLES
of gas in it that tastes of
VANILLA
cuppa noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a cup of tea or coffee
cyder
a British spelling of cider
decaf noun
INFORMAL
decaffeinated coffee, or a cup of this drink
drinking chocolate noun
BRITISH a sweet brown powder that tastes like chocolate, or a hot drink made with this powder
drinking water noun
water that is safe to drink
dry ginger noun
a drink that tastes of
GINGER
and is often mixed with alcoholic drinks
espresso noun
a small cup of very strong coffee, or this type of coffee
expresso noun
an
ESPRESSO
float noun
AMERICAN a
SOFT DRINK
with ice cream floating in it
frappé noun
a cold thick drink made with milk and flavoured with fruit
ginger ale noun
a sweet drink with a ginger flavour
ginger ale noun
a glass or bottle of ginger ale
ginger beer noun
a drink similar to ginger ale, with a stronger flavour, made with fermented ginger
ginger beer noun
a glass or bottle of ginger beer
green tea noun
a type of tea that is a pale green colour and comes mainly from China or Japan
grenadine noun
a sweet thick red liquid that is used in drinks and is made from
POMEGRANATES
Horlicks
TRADEMARK
to relax
a hot drink made with milk that people drink before going to bed to help them
hot chocolate noun
a drink made by mixing hot milk or water with chocolate powder
hot chocolate noun
a cup of hot chocolate
ice-cream soda noun
a cold sweet drink made from
ICE CREAM
, a sweet flavoured liquid, and
SODA WATER
iced coffee noun
a drink made from coffee mixed with ice and milk, or a glass of this drink
iced tea noun
a drink made from tea with ice, and sometimes lemon or sugar, or a glass of this drink
Irish coffee noun
a glass of Irish coffee
lassi noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a drink made from
DAHI
or
YOGURT
thick sour milk mixed with water
latte noun
a drink made by mixing
ESPRESSO
strong coffee with hot milk with lots of
BUBBLES
of air in it
lemonade noun
BRITISH a sweet, clear, this drink
FIZZY
drink with gas in it that tastes slightly of lemon, or a glass of
lemonade noun
a drink made from lemons, sugar, and water, or a glass of this drink
lime noun
BRITISH a sweet drink made from limes or tasting of limes
limeade noun
a sweet green drink made from limes or tasting of limes
macchiato noun
a cup of
ESPRESSO
with a little hot
FROTHY
milk added to it
malt noun
AMERICAN a
MILKSHAKE
with malt added to it
milkshake noun
a sweet drink made by mixing milk with chocolate or fruit, and usually glass of this drink
ICE CREAM
, or a
mineral noun
BRITISH
FORMAL
a cold drink that does not contain alcohol
mineral water noun
water containing MINERALS that comes from under the ground and that you can buy in bottles and drink
mineral water noun
a glass or bottle of mineral water
mixer noun
a drink without alcohol that you mix with an alcoholic drink
mocha noun
a type of coffee
mocha noun
a drink made by mixing coffee and chocolate together, or a cup of this drink
OJ noun
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
orange juice
orange noun
a drink made from or with oranges, or a glass of this drink
orangeade noun
a sweet FIZZY drink with gas in it made from oranges, sugar, and water, or a glass of this drink
orange squash noun
BRITISH a drink made by adding water to a thick liquid made from oranges and sugar, or a glass of this drink
pop noun
INFORMAL
a sweet drink containing many
BUBBLES
rooibos noun root beer noun
MAINLY
SOUTH AFRICAN tea made from the leaves of a plant called good for your health AMERICAN a sweet
FIZZY
ROOIBOS
, which is thought to be
drink that is not alcoholic, or a glass of this drink
sarsaparilla noun
a sweet drink made from the roots of the
SASSAFRAS
plant
shake noun
a
MILKSHAKE
slush noun
a children’s drink made by mixing a sweet liquid with crushed ice
smoothie noun
a drink made from fruit, milk or cream, and
ICE CREAM
smoothy
another spelling of smoothie
soda noun
SODA WATER
soda noun
AMERICAN a sweet
FIZZY
drink
soda pop noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a sweet
FIZZY
drink
soda water noun
water with gas in it that you add to an alcoholic drink such as whisky
soft drink noun
a cold drink that does not contain any alcohol
sports drink noun
a type of drink that is not alcoholic that people drink to give them energy
squash noun
BRITISH a sweet drink made from fruit juice, sugar, and water
tea noun
a hot brown drink made by pouring boiling water onto the dried leaves of the tea bush The leaves are called tea leaves and can be bought in small paper bags called tea bags that are put into a cup or teapot
tea noun
a cup of this drink
tea noun
a cup of tea
tea noun
a hot drink made by pouring boiling water onto the dried leaves, fruit, or flowers of other plants, especially HERBS
tonic noun
a type of FIZZY water with gas in it with a bitter taste, often mixed with a strong alcoholic drink, or a glass of this drink
Turkish coffee noun
very strong coffee served without milk and usually with sugar
Spirits and Other Miscellaneous Alcoholic Drinks
absinthe noun
a very strong green alcoholic drink with a bitter taste
chartreuse noun
a green or yellow alcoholic drink, often drunk after a meal
cider noun
BRITISH an alcoholic drink made from apples, or a glass of this drink
cordial noun
AMERICAN a sweet thick alcoholic drink
crème de menthe noun
a sweet green of this drink
LIQUEUR
an alcoholic drink drunk after a meal with a
MINT
flavour, or a glass
cyder
a British spelling of cider
gin noun
a strong clear alcoholic drink made from grain and small fruits called add flavour
JUNIPER BERRIES
to
gin noun
a glass of gin
kirsch noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from
CHERRIES
liqueur noun
a sweet strong alcoholic drink that you have at the end of a meal
maraschino noun
a sweet alcoholic drink made from black
CHERRIES
mead noun
a sweet alcoholic drink made from
HONEY
mother’s ruin noun
BRITISH
HUMOROUS
the alcoholic drink
GIN
ouzo noun
a strong alcoholic drink from Greece with an
ANISEED
flavour, or a glass of this drink
perry noun
an alcoholic drink made from
PEARS
rum noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from
SUGAR CANE
rum noun
a glass of this drink
sake noun
an alcoholic drink from Japan made from rice
schnapps noun
a strong alcoholic drink from Germany, or a glass of this drink
scrumpy noun
BRITISH strong
CIDER
an alcoholic drink made from apples
slivovitz noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from
PLUMS
in eastern Europe
sloe gin noun
a strong alcoholic drink made by adding sloes and sugar to
GIN
tequila noun
a strong, clear or yellow alcoholic drink from Mexico
tequila noun
a glass of tequila
vodka noun
a strong clear alcoholic drink from Russia or Poland, or a glass of this drink
Beer and Lager
ale noun
a type of dark-coloured beer without
BUBBLES
ale noun
a glass of ale
amber fluid noun
AUSTRALIAN
INFORMAL
beer
beer noun
a yellow or brown alcoholic drink made from MALT grain that has been left in water and then dried and HOPS a type of plant . You make or brew beer
beer noun
a glass or bottle of this drink
bitter noun
a type of dark beer that tastes bitter, or a glass of this beer
brew noun
a type of beer
brew noun
beer, or a drink of beer
brown ale noun
BRITISH a dark beer with a sweet taste, or a glass or bottle of this
guest beer noun
a type of beer that a bar or beers
PUB
sells for a short period of time, in addition to its usual
Guinness
TRADEMARK
a type of strong dark beer originally made in Ireland
heavy noun
SCOTTISH a type of strong beer
home brew noun
beer that people make at home
jar noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a glass of beer, usually one that is drunk in a
PUB
keg noun
beer served from kegs
lager noun
a type of light-coloured beer, or a glass of this beer
light ale noun
a type of beer that is light in colour and does not contain much alcohol, or a glass of this beer
mild noun
BRITISH a type of dark beer that does not have a strong flavour
pale ale noun
a type of light-coloured beer
pale ale noun
a glass of pale ale
real ale noun
BRITISH a type of beer made by traditional methods and without adding any artificial chemicals or gas
shandy noun
an alcoholic drink made by mixing beer and
LEMONADE
shandy noun
a glass of this drink
stout noun
a type of dark beer
tinnie noun
AUSTRALIAN
INFORMAL
a can of beer
Wines and Fortified Wines
Bordeaux noun
red or white wine from the Bordeaux region of southwest France
brandy noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from wine
brandy noun
a glass of this drink
bubbly noun
INFORMAL CHAMPAGNE
burgundy noun
a type of wine from Burgundy in France
Chablis noun
a type of white wine from central France
Chablis noun
a type of white wine similar to French Chablis, made in California
champagne noun
a type of French
SPARKLING
wine that people often drink to celebrate special occasions
champers noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED CHAMPAGNE
Chardonnay noun
a type of white wine, or the type of
GRAPE
used to make it
Chianti noun
a red wine from Tuscany in Italy
claret noun
a type of red wine, especially from the Bordeaux region of France
cognac noun
a type of
BRANDY
made in France, or a glass of this brandy
dessert wine noun
a sweet wine that you drink with a
DESSERT
fortified wine noun
an alcoholic drink made by adding a small amount of wine. Sherry and port are fortified wines.
BRANDY
or other alcoholic drink to
hock noun
a type of white wine from Germany
Madeira noun
a type of strong wine that contains
BRANDY
merlot noun
a type of red wine
mulled wine noun
a hot alcoholic drink made of wine mixed with sugar and winter festivals such as Christmas
SPICES
, traditionally drunk at
plonk noun
INFORMAL
cheap wine of low quality
port noun
a strong sweet wine that people sometimes drink at the end of a meal
red noun
red wine
retsina noun
a Greek wine that tastes of
RESIN
rosé noun
a type of wine that is pink
sherry noun
a strong wine from southern Spain, often drunk before a meal
sherry noun
a glass of sherry
table wine noun
an ordinary wine that is not very expensive and that is drunk with meals
vermouth noun
a type of strong white wine that is often mixed with other alcoholic drinks
vino noun
INFORMAL
wine
vintage adjective
vintage wine is excellent in quality and was made several years ago
white adjective
white wine is a yellowish colour. Wine that is a dark purplish colour is called red wine .
white noun
INFORMAL
white wine
wine noun
an alcoholic drink made from grapes. Wine that is dark purple is called red wine , light yellow wine is called white wine , and pink wine is rosé wine
wine noun
a type of wine
wine noun wine noun
a glass of wine a similar alcoholic drink made from any fruit or plant
house wine red white
the least expensive wine in a restaurant, which appears on the wine list without its usual name
Whiskey
bourbon noun
a type of
WHISKY
made in the US, or a glass of this drink
malt noun
MALT WHISKY
malt whisky noun
an expensive type of WHISKY made in Scotland from whisky is often simply called malt .
MALT
, or a glass of this drink. Malt
poteen noun
a type of
WHISKY
from Ireland that is made illegally to avoid paying taxes
rye noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN whiskey made from rye grain
Scotch noun
WHISKY
that is produced in Scotland
Scotch noun
a glass of this drink
whiskey noun
a strong alcoholic drink produced in Ireland and the US, made from grain such as or RYE
BARLEY
whiskey noun
a glass of whiskey
whisky noun
a strong alcoholic drink produced in Scotland, made from
BARLEY
whisky noun
a glass of whisky
Cocktails and Mixed Alcoholic Drinks
Bloody Mary noun
an alcoholic drink made by mixing
VODKA
and tomato juice
Buck’s Fizz noun daiquiri noun eggnog noun
a drink made from eggs mixed with milk, sugar, and alcohol BRITISH an alcoholic drink made from an alcoholic drink made by mixing
CHAMPAGNE
and orange juice
RUM
,
LIME
juice, and sugar
grog noun
an alcoholic drink made with
RUM
, water, sugar, and lemon juice, often served hot
highball noun
AMERICAN an alcoholic drink made by mixing served in a tall glass
MAINLY WHISKY
with water or
SODA
, usually
hot toddy noun
an alcoholic drink made of
WHISKY
with hot water and sugar
ice noun
pieces of ice used for making drinks cold
ice cube noun
a small piece of ice that you put in a drink to make it cold
Irish coffee noun
a hot drink made with coffee, Irish
WHISKEY
, and cream
margarita noun
an alcoholic drink made from is a cocktail .
TEQUILA
and fruit juice, or a glass of this drink. A margarita
martini noun
a strong alcoholic drink made with
GIN
and
VERMOUTH
martini noun
a glass of this drink
mimosa noun
AMERICAN
BUCK’S FIZZ
mint julep noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN an alcoholic drink made from
WHISKY
, sugar, ice, and
MINT
leaves
pina colada noun
an alcoholic drink made by mixing
RUM
with
PINEAPPLE
juice and
COCONUT
pink gin noun
a drink made with a mixture of
GIN
and a special bitter
FLAVOURING
that is pink
sangria noun
a sweet alcoholic drink from Spain that is made with red wine, fruit, and fruit juice
screwdriver noun
an alcoholic drink made from
VODKA
and orange juice
snakebite noun snakebite noun spritzer noun
a drink made from white wine and
SPARKLING
a glass of this drink BRITISH an alcoholic drink that is half
LAGER
and half
CIDER
water water with gas in it
swizzle stick noun
a small plastic stick used for mixing drinks, especially
COCKTAILS
toddy noun
a
HOT TODDY
wine cooler noun
AMERICAN an alcoholic drink made by mixing wine, fruit juice, and
FIZZY
water
Words Used to Describe Drinks
alcoholic adjective
containing alcohol
black adjective
tea or coffee that is black has no milk in it
carbonated adjective
a carbonated drink has small
BUBBLES
of air in it
corked adjective
corked wine tastes unpleasant because the has allowed bacteria into the wine
CORK
in the bottle has been damaged and
decaffeinated adjective
decaffeinated coffee or tea has had the awake removed
CAFFEINE
a chemical substance that keeps you
drinkable adjective
safe to drink
dry adjective
dry alcoholic drinks are not sweet
effervescent adjective
producing a lot of small
BUBBLES
of air or gas
fizzy adjective
BRITISH a fizzy drink is a sweet drink without alcohol that has American word for this is soft drink .
BUBBLES
. The usual
flat adjective
a flat drink has lost its
BUBBLES
of gas, so that it does not taste good
frappé adjective
cold and with a lot of ice
full-bodied adjective
a full-bodied wine, beer etc has a strong pleasant taste
iced adjective
an iced drink is very cold and contains pieces of ice
intoxicating adjective
FORMAL
capable of making you drunk
isotonic adjective
an isotonic drink or other liquid replaces substances that your body needs but has lost, for example because you have done a lot of physical exercise
light adjective
food or drink that is light has less fat or alcohol than other similar food or drink. This word is sometimes spelt lite on food labels
long adjective
a long drink is one that is served in a tall glass
medium dry adjective
medium dry wine or
SHERRY
is slightly sweet
neat adjective
a neat alcoholic drink is served without any ice and is not mixed with any other liquid
non-alcoholic adjective
a non-alcoholic drink does not contain alcohol
sparkling adjective
sparkling drinks are full of
BUBBLES
stiff adjective
a stiff drink contains a lot of alcohol
still adjective
without gas
BUBBLES
straight adjective
an alcoholic drink that is straight is not mixed with anything else
tall adjective
a tall drink is served in a tall glass or container and often consists of an alcoholic drink mixed with a lot of a drink that is not alcoholic
undrinkable adjective
not safe to drink, or tasting too bad to drink
vintage adjective
vintage wine is excellent in quality and was made several years ago
watered-down adjective
a watered-down drink has been made weaker with water
weak adjective
a weak liquid contains a lot of water and not much of a substance that gives it taste or strength
white adjective
BRITISH white tea or coffee has milk in it
on the rocks
if an alcoholic drink is served on the rocks, it is served with ice
straight up
MAINLY
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
without ice
Preparing Tea and Coffee Drinks
brew up
INFORMAL
to make a drink of tea
brew verb
BRITISH
INFORMAL
to make a drink of tea or coffee
brew verb
if tea or coffee is brewing, or if you are brewing it, you have made it and left it to develop a stronger flavour
coffee noun
flavoured with coffee, or used for storing, making, or drinking coffee
grounds noun
extremely small pieces of crushed coffee beans, especially after they have been used for making a drink of coffee
percolate verb
if coffee percolates, or if you percolate it, it is made in a container in which hot water passes through coffee powder
tea noun
the dried cut leaves of the tea bush, used for making tea
tea bag noun
a small paper bag with tea leaves inside that you put boiling water over to make tea
tea leaf noun
a leaf from the tea plant that is dried, cut into small pieces, and used for making tea
percolation noun put the kettle on
to boil water, especially for making tea
Brewing, Storing and Serving Drinks
brew verb
to make beer
brewer noun
a company that makes beer
brewer noun
someone whose job is to make beer
brewery noun
a company that makes beer
brewery noun
a place where beer is made
draught adjective
draught beer is served directly from a
BARREL
rather than in bottles or cans
freshen verb
if you freshen someone’s drink, you give them more to drink
head noun
the white
BUBBLES
on the top of a glass of beer
mash noun
a mixture of
MALT
and hot water used for making beer or
WHISKY
microbrewery noun
BUSINESS
a small independent company that produces small quantities of special beers
pour out
to put some drink into a glass or cup from another container
stir verb
to mix a drink by moving it around with a spoon or a stick
tied adjective
BRITISH a tied house or
PUB
is a pub that can only sell beer produced by one company
top up
to add more liquid to someone’s glass or cup in order to make it full
water verb
HUMOROUS
to give someone a drink
water verb
to give water to an animal
on draught
beer that is on draught is served directly from a
BARREL
rather than in bottles or cans
say when
used for telling someone to tell you when you have given them enough of something, especially food or drink
SPOKEN
Relating to Wines and Spirits
age verb
if wine ages or you age it, its taste improves because it is kept for some time
breathe verb
if you let wine breathe, you open it a short time before you drink it so that the flavour improves
decant verb
to pour wine out of one container and into another so that the
SEDIMENT
is left behind
distil verb
to use this process to make an alcoholic drink such as
WHISKY
distiller noun
a company that makes strong alcoholic drinks such as
WHISKY
distillery noun
a place where strong alcoholic drinks such as
WHISKY
are made
lees noun
the thick substance that forms at the bottom of a bottle of wine
still noun
a piece of equipment used for making strong alcohol to drink
tartar noun
a red-brown substance that forms inside containers used for storing wine
tread verb
if someone treads grapes, they crush them with their feet in order to make wine
vintage noun
all of the wine produced in a particular year, or the year that it was produced
viticulture noun
FORMAL
the activity or science of growing
GRAPES
for making wine
winery noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a place where wine is made
MEALS Types of Meal
banquet noun
a formal meal prepared for a large number of people on an important occasion
barbecue noun barbie noun
AUSTRALIAN a meal at which meat and other food is cooked and eaten outside, often a meal that you invite friends to
INFORMAL
a
BARBECUE
BBQ abbreviation
barbecue
a bite noun
a small meal, especially one that you eat in a hurry
box lunch noun
AMERICAN a cold meal, such as sandwiches and fruit, that is given to someone to eat later, especially at a CONFERENCE or meeting
braai noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a meal at which meat and other food are cooked on a fire outside
breakfast noun
the first meal you have in the morning
breakfast noun
a meal consisting of the things people often have for breakfast, for example eggs or
BACON
breakfast noun
used about things you eat for breakfast or use at breakfast time
brunch noun
a meal that combines breakfast and lunch and is usually served in the late morning
buffet noun
a meal at which all the food is put on a table and people go and choose what they want
carryout noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a
TAKEAWAY
meal or restaurant
Christmas dinner noun
a traditional meal eaten at Christmas, in the UK often consisting of TURKEY a large bird with vegetables, followed by a heavy fruit PUDDING called Christmas pudding
collation noun
OFTEN HUMOROUS
a simple meal, usually consisting of cold foods
continental breakfast noun
TOURISM
a breakfast consisting of bread and butter, coffee or tea, and sometimes
PASTRIES
or
CROISSANTS
cooked breakfast noun
BRITISH a breakfast of cooked food that is traditional in the UK, usually including eggs, BACON , TOAST , and tea or coffee
cookout noun
AMERICAN an informal meal eaten outside with food usually cooked over a fire or on a
BARBECUE
cream tea noun
BRITISH a small meal eaten in the afternoon consisting of tea with
SCONES
,
JAM
, and cream
dinner noun
the main meal of the day, eaten in the evening or at midday. A more usual word for a midday meal is lunch . An early evening meal is sometimes called tea , and a late evening meal is sometimes called supper
dinner noun
a special meal that you have to celebrate a particular occasion
dinner noun
a formal evening meal arranged by an organization as a social event for a particular purpose
elevenses noun
BRITISH INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED something small to eat and drink in the middle of the morning, between breakfast and lunch
English breakfast noun
in the UK, a large breakfast that includes eggs and from a pig
TOURISM BACON
thin pieces of meat
feast noun
a large meal
feast noun
a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something
high tea noun
BRITISH
OLD-FASHIONED
a small meal served in the late afternoon
liquid lunch noun
HUMOROUS
a lunch in which you drink a lot of alcohol but do not eat very much
lunch noun
a meal that you eat in the middle of the day
luncheon noun
FORMAL
lunch, especially a formal lunch for a lot of people
meal noun
an occasion when you eat, especially breakfast, lunch, or
DINNER
nosh-up noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a big meal
packed lunch noun
BRITISH food that you take with you in a box or bag to work, school etc to eat for lunch
picnic noun
a meal eaten outside, especially in the countryside
ready meal noun
BRITISH a meal that you buy already cooked, so that you only have to heat it before eating it
school dinner noun
BRITISH a meal that a school provides for students in the middle of the day
smorgasbord noun
a meal of cold food that is put on a table so that people can take what they want
snack noun
a small amount of food that you eat between meals
spread noun
INFORMAL
a large meal with a lot of different dishes to choose from
supper noun
the last main meal of the day, usually an informal meal that you eat at home
supper noun
BRITISH a very small informal meal that you eat before going to bed
takeaway noun
BRITISH a meal that you buy in a restaurant or shop and take home to eat. The American word is takeout
takeout noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a
TAKEAWAY
tea noun
BRITISH a meal eaten in the evening
tea noun
INFORMAL
a small meal consisting of sandwiches etc that is eaten in the afternoon with tea
tiffin noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a small meal that you eat in the middle of the day
TV dinner noun
a
READY MEAL
wedding breakfast noun
a special meal to which the guests are invited after a wedding
stir-fry noun
a square meal
INFORMAL
a large meal that makes you feel satisfied
Prepared Dishes
bake noun bubble and squeak noun
a mixture of different foods baked together in one dish BRITISH a food made from cold cooked potatoes and cooked in a large pan
CABBAGE
mixed together and then
casserole noun
food prepared in a casserole dish
chilli con carne noun
CHILLI
made with meat
cottage pie noun
BRITISH a meal made from small pieces of cooked meat, especially layer of cooked potato and baked in an oven
BEEF
, covered with a
couscous noun
a meal made with meat, vegetables, and couscous
crepe noun
a light thin
PANCAKE
croquette noun
a food made from a mixture of pieces of fish, meat, or vegetables pressed into a circular or tube shape, covered with BREADCRUMBS , and cooked in oil
cutlet noun
a food made from pieces of vegetables or nuts pressed together into a long flat shape and cooked in oil
dish noun
food prepared and cooked in a particular way
dumpling noun
a small solid lump of cooked food made from flour and water, sometimes eaten with meat or added to soup
egg noun
a chicken’s egg used as food
fish and chips noun
a meal consisting of fish and long thin pieces of potato, both cooked in very hot oil
flapjack noun
AMERICAN a
PANCAKE
fritter noun
a food made by covering a piece of food in
BATTER
and cooking it in hot fat
fry-up noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a meal of
FRIED
food, especially consisting of eggs,
BACON
, and
SAUSAGES
granola noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN
MUESLI
haggis noun
a Scottish food made from the inner organs of a sheep that are cut up, mixed with grain, and pushed into a bag to be cooked. The bag is traditionally made from a sheep’s stomach. a meal made from small pieces of meat and potato cooked together
hash noun
hotpot noun
a meal that consists of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in the same container in the oven
jambalaya noun
a food made from rice, SHELLFISH , and chicken Jambalaya was originally a Cajun food, from the southern US .
kebab noun
BRITISH a food consisting of small pieces of meat and vegetables cooked on a stick
kedgeree noun
a meal made from fish, rice, and eggs
macaroni cheese noun
BRITISH a meal consisting of macaroni in a cheese sauce
masala noun
a dish of this food
meat loaf noun
a type of food made from a mixture of small pieces of meat, bread, and eggs, baked in one piece
mixed grill noun
BRITISH a meal that consists of different meats and vegetables, cooked under a
GRILL
muesli noun
a food consisting of nuts, grains, seeds, and dried fruit, usually eaten with milk for breakfast
mush noun
AMERICAN a thick food made by boiling
MAIZE FLOUR
with water or milk, eaten at breakfast
omelette noun
a flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them
pancake noun
BRITISH a thin round flat food made by cooking a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk
patty noun
AMERICAN a flat round food made by pressing small pieces of meat, fish etc together and cooking them
MAINLY
pie noun
a mixture of vegetables, meat, or fish that is cooked with a layer of food such as potato on top
ploughman’s lunch noun
BRITISH a meal consisting of bread, cheese, and
PICKLE
, usually served in a
PUB
porridge noun pot roast noun
BRITISH a hot food made from
OATMEAL
and milk or water, often eaten at breakfast
a meal consisting of a large piece of meat cooked in a container with a small amount of water, usually served with potatoes and vegetables
prawn cocktail noun
BRITISH cooked prawns that are served cold with a light sauce, often before the main dish of a meal
pudding noun
BRITISH a meal made of soft
PASTRY
cooked in a bowl with meat
rarebit noun
WELSH RAREBIT
risotto noun
a food made from rice mixed with meat, fish, or vegetables
sandwich noun
a light meal that you make by putting a layer of food such as meat, cheese, or egg between two pieces of bread
sanger noun
AUSTRALIAN
INFORMAL
a
SANDWICH 1
sarnie noun
BRITISH
SPOKEN
a
SANDWICH 1
satay noun
an Indonesian or Malaysian meal that consists of meat or fish that is cooked on long thin sticks over a fire and usually served with PEANUT sauce and rice
sauté noun
a meal made from food cooked quickly in a small amount of butter or oil
schnitzel noun
a piece of meat that is covered in oil
BREADCRUMBS
very small pieces of bread and cooked in
Scotch egg noun
BRITISH a boiled egg covered with small pieces of bread and meat and cooked in oil
scrambled eggs noun
eggs that are cooked with their white and yellow parts mixed together
shepherd’s pie noun
a meal made from small pieces of cooked lamb covered with a layer of and baked in an oven
MASHED
potato
shish kebab noun
a meal consisting of small pieces of cooked meat on a stick. It is often simply called a kebab .
shrimp cocktail noun
a
PRAWN COCKTAIL
soufflé noun
a food that you make with eggs and bake into a high round shape
spaghetti noun
a meal consisting of spaghetti and a sauce
Spanish omelette noun
a flat round food made of eggs mixed with vegetables, usually cooked potatoes
steak tartare noun
a food made from and onions
STEAK
that is
MINCED
cut very small and eaten raw, mixed with raw egg
stew noun
a dish made by cooking vegetables, and usually meat or fish, slowly in liquid
terrine noun
a cold food made by cutting cooked meat, fish etc into very small pieces and mixing it with vegetables and HERBS
toad-in-the-hole noun
a British food made from
SAUSAGES
cooked in a mixture of eggs, flour, and milk
Welsh rarebit noun
a meal of cheese sauce poured over bread and cooked
Yorkshire pudding noun
a British dish that consists of flour, milk, and eggs mixed together, baked in an oven, and usually served with roast BEEF
Parts of Meals
accompaniment noun
something that you provide as a good addition, especially to a particular meal
afters noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
the last part of a meal
antipasto noun
cold food that you eat at the start of an Italian meal
aperitif noun
an alcoholic drink that is drunk before a meal
appetiser
a British spelling of appetizer
appetizer noun
a food that you eat before the main part of a meal
cheeseboard noun
a number of different cheeses served in a restaurant as part of a meal
course noun
one of the parts of a meal
crudités noun
raw vegetables cut into pieces and served before a meal with a thick cold sauce called a dip
dessert noun
sweet food that you eat after the main part of a meal
entrée noun
the main part of a meal, especially at a restaurant
fixings noun
AMERICAN extra things such as vegetables or sauce that are added to a dish of food
helping noun
an amount of food that is served to one person at a meal
hors d’oeuvre noun
a food served in small amounts before the main
COURSE
of a meal
leftovers noun
the food that remains at the end of a meal after you have finished eating
main course noun
the biggest part of a meal
portion noun
the amount of food that one person eats at a meal
pud noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL PUDDING 1
pudding noun
BRITISH the last part of a meal when you eat sweet food
side dish noun
an amount of food served at the same time as the separate plate
MAIN COURSE
of a meal but on a
side order noun
an amount of food that a restaurant serves you at the same time as the meal but on a separate plate
MAIN COURSE
of a
starter noun
a small amount of food eaten at the start of a meal
sweet noun
a sweet food that you eat at the end of a meal
trimmings noun
extra parts added to a meal to make it traditional or more interesting
General Words for Meals or Food
food noun
the things that people or animals eat
meal noun
the food that you serve or eat at one time
cooking noun
food cooked in a particular way
nutrition noun
food considered as something that keeps you healthy
nourishment noun
food or the substances in food that are necessary for life, growth, and health
sustenance noun
FORMAL
food and drink
groceries noun
food and other goods for the home that you buy regularly
fare noun
FORMAL
the type of food that is available, especially in a restaurant or café
speciality noun
a food or drink that a person, a restaurant, or a region is well known for and that you cannot always get in other places
food noun
a particular type of food
dish noun
the food contained in a dish
sitting noun
a period of time during which a meal is served
speciality noun
used about something that is a speciality
concoction noun
an unusual drink or meal that is made by mixing things in a new way
victuals noun
an old word meaning ‘food’
ambrosia noun
food that tastes very good
platter noun
a meal with a particular type of food, served on a large plate in a restaurant
tiffin noun
INDIAN ENGLISH
HUMOROUS
a meal
eats noun
INFORMAL
food or meals, usually at a social event
special noun
something produced for a particular time or day, for example a type of food in a restaurant or a programme on television
viands noun
an old word meaning ‘food’
chow noun
INFORMAL
food
foodstuff noun
FORMAL
a type of food
tucker noun
AUSTRALIAN
OLD-FASHIONED
food
grub noun
VERY INFORMAL
food
nosh noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
food
repast noun
VERY FORMAL
a meal
provender noun
HUMOROUS
food
nosh noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a meal
plate noun
AMERICAN a
PLATTER
served in a restaurant
specialty noun
AMERICAN a
SPECIALITY
feed noun
INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED
a meal
Words Used to Describe Meals
alfresco adjective
an alfresco meal is eaten outside, in the open air
celebratory adjective
a celebratory meal, drink etc is one that you have in order to celebrate a special event
frugal adjective
a frugal meal is simple, cheap, and not very big
hearty adjective
a hearty meal is large
heavy adjective
a heavy meal is a little too large and you seem to feel it in your stomach for a long time after you have eaten it
light adjective
a light meal is small and easy to eat
satisfying adjective
a satisfying meal is one that makes you feel that you have eaten well and have eaten enough
set adjective
a set meal in a restaurant or hotel offers a limited choice of different foods for a fixed price
sit-down adjective
a sit-down dinner, meal etc is served to people who are sitting down
slap-up adjective
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a slap-up meal is large and very good
substantial adjective
making you feel full and satisfied
untouched adjective
a meal that is untouched has not been eaten
on the side
a food served on the side is an additional food served with the main meal
FRUIT Fruits
ackee noun
a red fruit from West Africa and the Caribbean that is eaten as a vegetable and grows on an ackee tree It is poisonous until it is RIPE has grown to its full size and is ready to eat .
apple noun
a hard round fruit that is white inside and has a smooth green, yellow, or red skin, which is called peel when it has been removed. The middle part of the apple containing the seeds is called the core . Apples grow on apple trees .
apricot noun
a soft fruit with an orange-yellow skin and a large hard seed inside
avocado noun
a fruit with green or black skin, a very large seed in the middle, and pale green flesh that does not taste sweet It is usually eaten raw in salads .
banana noun
a long curved fruit with a yellow skin
beef tomato noun
BRITISH a type of large firm tomato
bilberry noun
a small fruit with a dark-blue skin that grows in northern Europe
blackberry noun
a small soft dark fruit that grows on a bush called a blackberry bush or bramble
blackcurrant noun
a small soft dark fruit that grows especially in Europe on a bush called a blackcurrant bush
blood orange noun
a type of orange with red flesh and juice
blueberry noun
a small dark-blue fruit that grows on a bush and is very common in North America
bramble noun
a
BLACKBERRY
breadfruit noun
a large round fruit that looks like bread after you have cooked it
calabash noun
a large tropical fruit whose thick hard skin is dried and used as a container or drum
cantaloupe noun
a large round fruit with a thick grey-green skin and sweet orange flesh. A cantaloupe is a type of melon .
cherry noun
a small round red or black fruit
cherry tomato noun
a type of very small tomato
citron noun
a fruit similar to a large lemon
clementine noun
a fruit similar to a small orange
coconut noun
the white flesh of a coconut
cooking apple noun
a type of large green apple that tastes very sour and is used in cooking
crab apple noun
a very small sour apple
cranberry noun
a small sour red fruit that grows on a bush
currant noun
a small round fruit that may be red, black, or white, and grows on a currant bush
damson noun
a soft round fruit with purple skin, like a small
PLUM
date noun
a sweet brown sticky fruit with a hard narrow seed inside that grows on
PALM
trees
eating apple noun
an apple that you eat raw, not a cooking apple
elderberry noun
a small round black fruit that grows on an elder tree
fig noun
a soft fruit with purple or green skin and a lot of small seeds inside. It grows on a fig tree .
golden raisin noun
AMERICAN a
SULTANA
gooseberry noun
a small green fruit with a sour taste that grows on a bush and can be cooked to make sweet foods
gourd noun
a type of fruit with a hard thick skin. Some gourds can be cooked and eaten.
grape noun
a small green or purple fruit that grows in
BUNCHES
on a
VINE
, often used for making wine
grapefruit noun
a fruit like a large orange that is yellow on the outside, yellow or red inside, and has sour juice
greengage noun
a soft fruit that has a green skin and a large hard seed inside. It grows on a tree and is a type of plum .
guava noun
a large tropical fruit with green or yellow skin. It is pink inside.
hip noun
a
ROSE HIP
honeydew melon noun
a
MELON
type of large round fruit with yellow skin and sweet white or green flesh
huckleberry noun
a small purple fruit that grows on bushes in North America
jackfruit noun
a piece of fruit from the jackfruit tree
kiwi noun
a
KIWI FRUIT
kiwi fruit noun
a fruit with green flesh, small black seeds, and a brown skin
kumquat noun
a fruit like a very small orange
lemon noun
fruit with a hard yellow skin and sour juice. It grows on a lemon tree . Lemons are citrus fruits
lime noun
a fruit with a hard green skin and sour juice that grows on a lime tree
litchi
another spelling of lychee
loganberry noun
a small soft purple fruit that looks like a large
RASPBERRY
lychee noun
a small round white fruit from China
mandarin noun
a
MANDARIN ORANGE
mandarin orange noun
a fruit similar to a small orange, but with looser skin
mango noun
a soft sweet tropical fruit with a red or green skin that is yellow inside and has a large hard seed in the middle
maraschino noun
a
MARASCHINO CHERRY
maraschino cherry noun
a bright red
CHERRY
stored in maraschino and used as a decoration for drinks or cakes
melon noun
a large round fruit that has a hard green or yellow skin and soft orange, green, or white flesh inside
mulberry noun
a small purple or white fruit that grows on the mulberry tree
navel orange noun
a type of orange that has no seeds
nectarine noun
a fruit with smooth thin skin and a large seed. It is a type of peach .
olive noun
a small black or green fruit that grows in Mediterranean countries and is eaten as food or used for its oil. It grows on an olive tree . A place where there are a lot of olive trees is called an olive grove .
orange noun
a round fruit that has a hard orange-coloured skin called peel , and that divides into parts called segments . It grows on an orange tree .
papaya noun
a fruit with green and yellow skin that has soft, sweet orange flesh and small black seeds inside. It grows on trees in hot countries.
passion fruit noun
a sweet juicy fruit with purple skin and lots of seeds inside
pawpaw noun
a
PAPAYA
peach noun
a fruit with a furry yellowish-pink skin that is yellow inside and has a large hard seed. It grows on a peach tree .
pear noun
a fruit that is smaller towards the stem end, is white inside, and has yellow, green, or brown skin. It grows on a pear tree .
persimmon noun
a soft sweet fruit that looks like a large orange-coloured tomato and grows on a persimmon tree
pineapple noun
a large fruit that is yellow and points on it
JUICY
inside and has a thick yellow-brown skin with sharp
plantain noun
a type of foods
BANANA
long yellow fruit used as a vegetable in cooking Caribbean and African
plum noun
a small round fruit with purple, red, or yellow skin and a large hard seed inside. It grows on a plum tree .
plum tomato noun
a tomato shaped like an egg
pomegranate noun
a round fruit that has a hard skin and many thick seeds inside
prickly pear noun
a plant that grows in the desert, with a fruit that is covered with sharp needles, or the fruit of this plant
quince noun
a hard round fruit that looks like a yellow apple and can be eaten only when it is cooked. It is usually used for making jelly .
raspberry noun
a small soft red fruit that grows on a bush
redcurrant noun
a very small soft red fruit
rhubarb noun
a plant with long red or pink stems that people cook and eat as a fruit
rose hip noun
a small red fruit that grows on a rose bush
russet noun
a type of apple with russet coloured skin
satsuma noun
a fruit similar to a small orange but with a loose skin and without seeds
sloe noun
a small sour fruit with a purple skin. It grows on a bush called a
BLACKTHORN
.
starfruit noun
a tropical fruit with soft yellow skin that is the shape of a star when you cut it in half
strawberry noun
a small soft red fruit with a lot of very small seeds on its skin
tamarind noun
a small soft fruit with sticky brown skin
tangerine noun
a fruit similar to a small orange but with loose skin that is more easily removed
tomato noun
a round red fruit eaten as a vegetable raw in salads or cooked
tsamma noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a
WATERMELON
that grows in some parts of South Africa
watermelon noun
a large round fruit that has a hard green skin outside and is red with small black seeds inside
Parts of Fruit and Substances in Fruit
bruising noun
marks on a piece of fruit that has been damaged
core noun
the central part of a fruit such as an apple, containing the seeds or
PIPS
dextrose noun
BIOLOGY
a type of sugar that is found in fruit
flesh noun
the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that is under the skin
hull noun
the part of a soft fruit such as a eat
STRAWBERRY
including the
STALK
and leaves, that you do not
juice noun
the liquid that comes out of fruit or vegetables when you squeeze them and is often used as a drink
nectar noun
a thick juice that comes from some fruits
pectin noun
a substance contained in some fruit, used for making
JAM
thicker
peel noun
the skin of a fruit or vegetable
peelings noun
pieces of skin that have been removed from a fruit or vegetable
pip noun
BRITISH a small seed in a piece of fruit
pit noun
AMERICAN a
STONE
in a piece of fruit
pith noun
the white substance under the skin of oranges and similar fruits
pulp noun
the inside of a fruit or vegetable
rind noun
the outer skin of a fruit such as a lemon or orange
seed noun
AMERICAN a
PIP
from a fruit
segment noun
a part of a fruit such as an orange or a
GRAPEFRUIT
that can easily be separated into parts
skin noun
the outer layer of a fruit or vegetable
stalk noun
a long thin part of a plant with a flower, fruit, or leaf at the end
stone noun
BRITISH a large hard seed inside a piece of fruit
zest noun
the skin of an orange, lemon, or
LIME
when it is used in cooking
Types of Fruit
berry noun
a small fruit that does not have a
STONE
inside it
bunch noun
a group of
BANANAS
,
GRAPES
etc that grow together
citrus noun
relating to fruits such as oranges or lemons, or to the trees that produce them
citrus fruit noun
a fruit such as a lemon or orange
dried fruit noun
fruit that has had the water removed from it, for examples
RAISINS
or
CURRANTS
drupe noun
BIOLOGY PLUMS
a fruit with a STONE surrounded by a soft thick part covered with skin. and CHERRIES are all drupes.
PEACHES
,
fruit noun
a type of food that grows on trees or plants. It tastes sweet and contains seeds or a STONE . Apples and oranges are fruit. Ripe fruit is ready to eat
soft fruit noun
a small fruit that has a soft skin and no stone, for example a
BLACKCURRANT
or a
STRAWBERRY
windfall noun
an apple or other fruit that has fallen from a tree
Words Used to Describe Fruit and Vegetables
candied adjective
candied fruit has been boiled in sugar to preserve it
fleshy adjective
a fleshy plant, fruit, vegetable etc is soft and thick
fruit noun
made from fruit, or relating to fruit
glacé adjective
glacé fruit is covered with a sugar mixture and looks smooth and shiny
green adjective
not yet ready to be eaten
mealy adjective
mealy fruit or vegetables are soft and feel rough, dry, and unpleasant in your mouth
overripe adjective
overripe fruit is too soft and does not taste very good
pitted adjective
a pitted fruit has had the seed taken out of it
ripe adjective
ripe fruit or crops have grown to their full size and are ready to eat or use
seasonal adjective
used about fruit and vegetables that are available now, at this time of year
seedless adjective
not containing any seeds
stoned adjective
stoned fruit has had its seed removed
sun-dried adjective
sun-dried fruit and vegetables have been put in the sun to dry in order to preserve them and give them a strong flavour
unripe adjective
unripe fruit is hard and not yet ready to eat
waxy adjective
BRITISH a waxy potato stays firm when it is boiled
out of season
not grown at the normal time or under normal conditions
in season
fruit and vegetables that are in season are growing now and are available in large amounts
Dried Fruit
currant noun
a small dark dried fruit often used in cakes
nut noun
a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree and bush. Many kinds of nut can be eaten
peppercorn noun
a small dried fruit, especially one that is black, that is crushed to make pepper
prune noun
a dried
PLUM
a type of fruit
raisin noun
a dried
GRAPE
sultana noun
a dried white
GRAPE
, used especially in baking cakes
COOKING PREPARING AND PRESERVING FOOD Cook Food or Be Cooked
bake verb
to cook food in an oven
bake verb
food that is baking is being cooked in an oven
barbecue verb
to cook food, especially meat, outside on a barbecue or over a fire
baste verb
to cover meat with hot fat or its own juices while it cooks
boil down
to become smaller in quantity after cooking because some of the liquid has turned to gas, or to make something do this
boil verb
to cook food in water that is boiling
boil verb
to be cooked in water that is boiling
braai verb
SOUTH AFRICAN to cook meat and other food on a fire outside
braise verb
to cook meat or vegetables quickly in oil, then add a small amount of liquid and cook them slowly in a container with a lid on
broil verb
AMERICAN to
GRILL
or
BARBECUE
food
brown verb
to cook something until it turns brown, or to become brown in this way
burn verb
if food burns, or if you burn it, it gets spoiled by being cooked for too long or at too high a temperature
charbroil verb
MAINLY
AMERICAN to cook food by putting it over a fire made of charcoal
chargrill verb
to cook food such as meat or fish very quickly over strong heat
clarify verb
to make a liquid, especially butter, clear and pure, by using heat
coddle verb
to cook an egg with hot water that does not boil
cook verb
to prepare food and heat it so that it is ready to eat
cook verb
when food cooks, it is heated so that it is ready to eat
crisp verb
to become crisp, or to cook something until it becomes crisp
curry verb
to cook something such as meat or vegetables in a sauce with a hot flavour
fry verb
to cook food in hot oil or fat
fry verb
to be cooked in hot oil or fat
griddle verb
to cook something on a griddle
grill verb
to cook something over a fire on a flat frame of metal bars
grill verb
BRITISH to cook something by putting it close to strong heat above or below it
heat through
to heat food that has already been cooked, until every part of it is very hot
microwave verb
to cook food in a microwave
nuke verb
INFORMAL
to heat or cook something in a
MICROWAVE
oven
overcook verb
to spoil food by cooking it for too long
overdo verb
to cook something for too long
parboil verb
to boil food until it is only partly cooked
poach verb
to cook an egg without its shell in water that is boiling gently
poach verb
to cook something in water, milk, or another liquid that is boiling gently
pop verb
if you pop corn, or if it pops, you heat dried grains of corn until they burst
pot verb
to cook and store food in a
SEALED
container in order to preserve it
put on
to start cooking something
reduce verb
to make a sauce thicker and increase its flavour by boiling it
reheat verb
to make food or a drink hot again
render verb
to heat solid fat to make it liquid, or to boil bones and pieces of meat to produce fat that can be used for cooking
roast verb
to cook meat or vegetables in an oven or over a fire
roast verb
to heat nuts or coffee
BEANS
until they are dry
rustle up
INFORMAL
to quickly produce something such as a meal using whatever is available
sauté verb
to cook something quickly in a small amount of butter or oil
scald verb
to heat milk until it is almost boiling
scramble verb
to mix together the white and yellow parts of an egg and cook it
seal in
to prevent the flavour, smell, or juice of a food from getting out
sear verb
to heat the surface of a piece of meat for a short time at a very high temperature to keep the juices inside
simmer verb
to cook slowly at a temperature near boiling, or to cook something in this way
stand verb
if a food, drink, or mixture stands, nothing is done to it so that its flavours can develop and become stronger
steam verb
to cook food with steam
stew verb
to cook slowly in liquid
stir-fry verb
to cook food quickly by moving it around in hot oil
sweat verb
BRITISH to cook meat or vegetables slowly in their own juices
sweeten verb
to make something taste sweeter by adding sugar or a sweet flavour to it
toast verb
to make bread into toast
toast verb
to cook food by putting it close to heat until it turns brown
whip up
INFORMAL
to prepare something to eat very quickly
zap verb
INFORMAL
to cook something in a
MICROWAVE
precook verb be slaving away over a hot stove
HUMOROUS
to be cooking
Prepare Food for Cooking or Eating
bake verb
to make bread, cakes etc using an oven
beat verb
to mix foods such as eggs, cream, or butter well using a fork or a special tool or machine. This tool or machine can be called a beater .
blanch verb
to put fruit, nuts, or vegetables into boiling water for a short time, often in order to make it easier to remove the skin
blend verb
to mix different foods or other substances together
bone verb
to remove the bones from meat or fish before cooking it
butcher verb
to kill an animal and cut it up so that it can be eaten
butchery noun
the work of cutting up animals to be sold as meat
butter verb
to spread butter on something
carve verb
to cut a large piece of cooked meat into thin pieces before serving it
chill verb
if you chill food or drink, or if it chills, it becomes cold enough to be ready to eat or drink
chip verb
BRITISH to cut potatoes into long thin pieces so that you can cook them in hot oil
churn verb
to mix milk or cream in a special container in order to make butter
clean verb
to remove the inside parts of an animal, bird, or fish before cooking it
core verb
to take the centre out of a piece of fruit such as an apple
cube verb
to cut cheese, bread, or other food into cubes
deseed verb
to remove the seeds from a fruit or vegetable
dice verb
to cut food into small square pieces
dish up
to put food into dishes so that it is ready to be eaten
dish out
to serve food
do verb
to prepare a particular kind of food
doctor verb
to add a substance to food or drink, especially a harmful substance
dredge verb
to shake something such as sugar or flour over something
dress verb
to add flavour to a salad by putting a mixture of liquids such as oil and lemon juice on it. The mixture is called a dressing .
dress verb drizzle verb
to prepare something such as a chicken or out the parts that you cannot eat
CRAB
a sea animal by cleaning it and taking
to pour a small amount of liquid over food that you are preparing
enrich verb
to make food taste better by adding something
fillet verb
to prepare fish or meat for cooking by removing the bones
fix verb
MAINLY
AMERICAN to prepare food or drink
flake verb
if food such as fish flakes, or if you flake it, it breaks easily into small flat pieces
flavour verb
to add something to food or drink that changes its taste or gives it a particular taste
fold in
to use a spoon or knife to add something slowly and gently to a mixture
fortify verb
to add a substance to food or drink to make it stronger or healthier
frost verb
MAINLY
AMERICAN to put
ICING
on a cake
garnish verb
to add something to a dish of food to make it look more attractive
get verb
to prepare a meal
grate verb
to rub cheese, vegetables, chocolate etc against a pieces
GRATER
in order to cut them into small
grease verb
to rub a small amount of oil or fat on the inside of a container before cooking food in it in the oven
gut verb
to remove the organs from inside a fish before you cook it
hull verb
to remove the hull from a seed or grain or from a soft fruit
ice verb
to cover a cake with
ICING
infuse verb
if you infuse something such as leaves or HERBS , or if they infuse, you put them into hot water in order to make a drink, medicine, or beauty treatment
joint verb juice verb
to cut meat into large pieces to make juice from a fruit or vegetable
ladle verb
to serve something with a ladle
lard verb
to put small pieces of fat or
BACON
on meat before cooking it
liquidize verb
to crush something, especially solid food such as fruit or vegetables, into a liquid
macerate verb
FORMAL
to make food soft by leaving it in a liquid, or to become soft in this way
marinade verb
to
MARINATE
food
marinate verb
to put meat, fish, or vegetables in a marinade
mash verb
to crush something, especially food
mill verb
to crush a substance such as
PEPPERCORNS
or
COFFEE BEANS
mince verb
to cut meat into very small pieces using a machine
pare verb
to remove the skin from a fruit or vegetable using a knife
peel verb
to remove the skin from a fruit or vegetable
pepper verb
to put pepper on food
pipe verb
if you pipe cream or onto the food
ICING
onto food as a decoration, you force it through a special tube
pit verb
AMERICAN to
STONE
a piece of fruit
pluck verb
to pull the feathers off the body of a dead bird so that it can be cooked
pod verb
to remove
PEAS
or beans from a pod
poison verb
to put poison into food or drink because you want to kill someone or make them ill
preheat verb
to heat an oven to a particular temperature before putting food into it to be cooked
prepare verb
to make food ready to be cooked or eaten, for example by cleaning or cutting it
press verb
to squeeze fruit or vegetables in order to get juice or oil out of them
reconstitute verb
to add a liquid to dried food so that you can eat it
rub in
to mix something such as butter or fat into another substance such as flour, using your fingers
salt verb
to add salt to food
scale verb
to remove scales from fish
scrape verb
BRITISH to remove the skin of a vegetable or fruit with a tool
season verb
to add salt, pepper, or other
SPICES
to food
seed verb
to remove the seeds from a plant or fruit
shell verb
to remove the outer part that covers nuts,
PEAS
, or other foods
shred verb
to cut or tear food into long thin pieces
shuck verb
AMERICAN to remove the shell or outer part of something such as a nut or vegetable
sift verb
to pour a dry substance through a sieve to remove the large pieces
skin verb
to remove the skin from an animal, fruit, or vegetable
spice up
to add spices to food in order to give it a stronger taste
spread verb
to cover a surface with a thin layer of a soft food
stir verb
to move food around in a dish or pan using a spoon or other object
stone verb
to remove the stone from inside a fruit
stuff verb
to fill meat or vegetables with small pieces of another type of food
sugar verb
to add sugar to something, or to cover something with sugar
tenderise
a British spelling of tenderize
tenderize verb
to make meat soft by hitting it or putting it in a liquid containing oil
thaw verb
if frozen food thaws, or if you thaw it, it becomes softer and ready to cook
toss verb
to mix food with a liquid so that it becomes covered in the liquid
truss verb
to tie the legs and wings of a chicken or other bird to its body before cooking it
warm through
to heat food until it is warm in all parts
water down
to add water to a drink or liquid in order to make it less strong
whip verb
to mix a food very quickly in order to put air into it
whisk verb
to mix something very quickly using a whisk
whizz verb
INFORMAL
to mix food together using a piece of electrical equipment
maceration noun purée verb dinner tea etc is up
SPOKEN
used for saying that food or drink is ready
top and tail
BRITISH to prepare a vegetable for eating or cooking by cutting the ends off it
Cooked or Prepared
al dente adjective
cooked until slightly firm but not soft
au naturel adverb
served without being cooked or with nothing added
battered adjective
covered in a mixture of milk, flour, and egg and then cooked
breaded adjective
covered with breadcrumbs and ready to be cooked
cold adjective
used about food that has been cooked but is not eaten hot
cook-chill adjective
BRITISH cook-chill meals are cooked and then kept cold before being sold
cooked adjective
cooked food has been heated and is ready to eat
curried adjective
cooked in a sauce with a hot flavour
deep-fried adjective
cooked in a lot of hot oil
devilled adjective
devilled food has a strong hot flavour
done adjective
cooked long enough to be eaten
dry-roasted adjective
cooked in an oven without any oil
flambé adjective
served covered with a burning alcoholic drink such as
BRANDY
fried adjective
cooked in hot oil
frosted adjective
MAINLY
AMERICAN covered with
ICING
gentle adjective
gentle heat is low, so that something cooks slowly
ground adjective
crushed, especially for use in cooking
hard-boiled adjective
a hard-boiled egg has been cooked in boiling water until it is solid inside
hot adjective
cooked and served hot
jointed adjective
BRITISH a jointed chicken has been cut into pieces so that it can be eaten easily
lightly adverb
cooked for a short time
oven-ready adjective
oven-ready food is already prepared, so that you only have to heat it in the oven before you eat it
overdone adjective
cooked for too long
over-easy adjective
AMERICAN eggs that are over-easy have been cooked in oil on one side, then a little on the other side
piping hot adjective
food or drink that is piping hot is very hot
precooked adjective
precooked food has been cooked or partly cooked so that it can be heated and eaten at a later time
rare adjective
rare meat has been cooked for only a short time and is red inside
roast adjective
cooked in an oven or over a fire
scalloped adjective
baked in a cream sauce
smoked adjective
smoked meat, fish, or other food has a special flavour because it has been kept in a special room full of smoke
soft-boiled adjective
a soft-boiled egg is cooked for a short time, so that the yellow part is still soft or liquid
stewed adjective
stewed fruit or meat has been cooked slowly in a liquid
sunny-side up adjective
an egg that is sunny-side up is cooked on one side only in hot oil, and not turned over
uncooked adjective
raw, or not yet cooked
underdone adjective
underdone food has not been cooked for long enough
well-done adjective
well-done meat is meat that has been completely cooked
done cooked to a turn
cooked for exactly the right amount of time
Preserve Food
bottle verb
to put fruit or vegetables into special glass containers so they can be kept for a long time
can verb
to preserve food in metal containers by storing it without air
cure verb
to preserve meat, fish, or other foods by drying them, or by using smoke or salt
dehydrate verb
to remove the water from food as a way of preserving it
dehydration noun
CHEMISTRY
the process of removing water from food as a way of preserving it
dry verb
to remove the water from food or plants as a way of preserving them
flash-freeze verb
to freeze food very quickly in order to preserve its fresh taste
freeze verb
if food freezes, you can preserve it in this way
freeze verb
to preserve food or drink by making it extremely cold in a
FREEZER
homogenize verb
to process milk so that the cream will not separate and rise to the top
irradiate verb
SCIENCE
longer
to treat food with
RADIATION
in order to kill bacteria and make the food stay fresh
irradiation noun
the process of treating food with food stay fresh longer
SCIENCE RADIATION
in order to kill bacteria and make the
pack verb pickle verb pot verb
to cook and store food in a
SEALED
to cover food with a substance inside a container so that it does not decay to preserve food in
VINEGAR
or salt water
container in order to preserve it
preserve verb
CHEMISTRY
to prevent food or wood from decaying by adding a chemical substance to it
process verb
to add chemicals or other substances to food, for example to keep it fresh for a long time
quick-freeze verb
to freeze food very quickly before it stops being fresh
refrigerate verb
to keep food or drinks cold by putting them in a refrigerator
smoke verb
to preserve and give flavour to fish or other food by hanging it in smoke
pasteurization noun pasteurize verb
Things Used for Keeping Food Fresh
aluminium foil noun
a very thin light sheet of shiny metal that you can wrap food in to keep it fresh
best-before date noun
BRITISH a date printed on a food container to show how long the food remains fresh
cellophane noun
a very thin clear material used for wrapping things
clingfilm noun
BRITISH a transparent plastic substance used for wrapping around food to keep it fresh
foil noun
very light thin sheets of metal used for wrapping things, especially food
greaseproof paper noun
a special type of paper that does not allow oil or cooking and for wrapping food
GREASE
to pass through it, used in
plastic wrap noun
AMERICAN
CLINGFILM
polythene noun
BRITISH a strong light plastic used especially to wrap food in and keep it fresh
silver foil noun
BRITISH very thin sheets of and for wrapping food
ALUMINIUM
a metal that looks like silver that is used in cooking
silver paper noun
BRITISH
SILVER FOIL
tinfoil noun
a substance that looks like shiny silver paper, used for wrapping and covering food
Cooks, Cuisine and Cookery
Mrs Beeton
a British woman who wrote in the 19th century about cooking and taking care of a house and family
chef noun
someone who cooks food in a restaurant as their job
cook noun
someone who prepares and cooks food, either as their job or for pleasure
cookery noun
the skill or activity of cooking
cooking noun
the process of preparing and heating food so that it is ready to eat
cooking adjective
relating to cooking, or suitable for use in cooking
cordon bleu adjective
relating to the highest standard of quality in cooking
cuisine noun
a particular style of cooking food, especially the style of a particular country or region
cuisine noun
the food you can eat in a particular place, especially a restaurant or hotel
culinary adjective
relating to food and how to cook it
foodie noun
someone who enjoys eating or cooking different types of food and who talks a lot about food
INFORMAL
gastronomic adjective
FORMAL
relating to skilful cooking and the enjoyment of good food
gastronomy noun
FORMAL
the activity of cooking and enjoying especially good food
gourmet adjective
a gourmet cook is someone who can make very good food
haute cuisine noun
very good cooking, especially French cooking
ingredient noun
one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal
nouvelle cuisine noun
a style of cooking from France that uses light sauces and fresh food served in an attractive way
preparation noun
the process of making food ready for cooking or eating
recipe noun
a set of instructions for cooking or preparing a particular food
short-order cook noun
a restaurant worker whose job is to cook food that can be prepared quickly
someone can’t even boil an egg
HUMOROUS
used for saying that someone cannot cook even the simplest food
Oils and Fats Used in Cooking
copra noun
the dried white flesh of a
COCONUT
that is crushed to make oil
extra virgin adjective
extra virgin
OLIVE OIL
is the highest quality of oil, produced by pressing the whole fruit
fat noun
oil in solid or liquid form that is obtained from plants or animals and used in cooking
ghee noun
INDIAN ENGLISH butter used in Indian cooking
hydrogenated adjective
hydrogenated oils and fats have had hydrogen added to them
lard noun
white fat from pigs that is used in cooking
margarine noun
a yellow substance made from vegetable oil or animal fat that can be used instead of butter
marge noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL MARGARINE
monounsaturated adjective
monounsaturated fats and oils are made mainly from vegetable oils. They are considered to be healthier than those made from SATURATED FATS .
BIOLOGY
olive oil noun
a type of oil made from
OLIVES
, used in cooking
palm oil noun
a thick type of oil produced from the fruit of and making soap
PALM TREES
that is used especially for cooking
polyunsaturated adjective
polyunsaturated FATS and oils are made mainly from vegetable oils. They are considered to be healthier than those made from SATURATED FATS .
CHEMISTRY
shortening noun
a solid type of fat that is used especially for making
PASTRY
suet noun
hard fat from around an animal’s kidneys that is used for cooking
unsaturated adjective
unsaturated fat in food is better for your body than create as much CHOLESTEROL
SATURATED
fat because it does not
polyunsaturate noun
Substances Used in Cooking
baking powder noun
a white powder used in cooking for making cakes
RISE
while they are baking
batter noun
a liquid mixture of milk, flour, and eggs, used in cooking
batter noun
AMERICAN a thick mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, and fat, used for making cakes
bicarb noun
INFORMAL BICARBONATE OF SODA
bicarbonate of soda noun
a white chemical powder used in cooking to make cakes rise. It is also mixed with water and drunk as a medicine.
cream of tartar noun
a white substance used in
BAKING POWDER
egg white noun
the clear part of an egg that becomes white when you cook it
gelatine noun
a clear substance that has no taste, used in cooking to make liquids become thick and firm
glaze noun
a thin layer of milk, sugar, or egg that you put on foods to make them look smooth and shiny
mix noun
a powder that you buy and mix with liquid to make a particular type of food
oil noun
a thick smooth liquid used in cooking and preparing food, and in medicines
Quorn
TRADEMARK
BRITISH a substance made from a type of
FUNGUS
that is used in cooking instead
of meat
rennet noun
a substance added to milk to make cheese
roux noun
a mixture of flour and butter, used for making sauces
sago noun
a white substance like a powder, now mainly used for making liquids thicker in cooking
table salt noun
fine grains of salt that you can put on your food when you eat it
white noun
the clear part inside an egg that surrounds the yolk the yellow part
yolk noun
the middle part of an egg that is yellow
VEGETABLES Vegetables
acorn squash noun
a small round of an acorn
SQUASH
a hard smooth vegetable , usually orange or yellow, in the shape
artichoke noun
a round green vegetable with thick pointed leaves arranged close together in layers. After cooking it, you pull off each leaf and eat the soft bottom part.
arugula noun
AMERICAN
ROCKET
, eaten in salads
asparagus noun
a long thin green vegetable whose stems and
TIPS
pointed ends are eaten
aubergine noun bamboo shoots noun
BRITISH a vegetable with a smooth dark purple skin and white flesh. The American word is eggplant . a vegetable consisting of the stems of a young bamboo plant, used especially in Chinese cooking
beet noun
AMERICAN a
BEETROOT
beet noun
a
SUGAR BEET
beetroot noun
BRITISH the round dark-purple root of a vegetable that is cooked and eaten cold, especially in salads. The American word is beet .
bhindi noun
INDIAN ENGLISH
OKRA
bok choy noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN
PAK CHOI
brinjal noun
INDIAN ENGLISH an
AUBERGINE
broccoli noun
a vegetable consisting of green stems with many small green or purple
BUDS
on the ends
Brussels sprout noun
a small round vegetable consisting of many green leaves wrapped tightly around each other
butternut squash noun
a long orange vegetable shaped like a bell with a hard skin and solid orange flesh that becomes soft when cooked
cabbage noun
a hard round vegetable with green or purple leaves that can be eaten raw in salads or cooked
calabrese noun
a dark green vegetable that is a type of
BROCCOLI
capsicum noun
a red, green, or yellow
PEPPER
carrot noun
a long hard orange vegetable that grows under the ground and has green leaves on its top
cauliflower noun
a vegetable with a hard round white central part surrounded by green leaves
celeriac noun
a large white vegetable that grows under the ground and is eaten raw or cooked It is a type of CELERY .
celery noun
a pale green vegetable with a group of long stems that are eaten raw or cooked
chard noun
a vegetable with white stems and large dark green leaves
chicory noun
BRITISH a vegetable with stiff white leaves that have a bitter taste, usually eaten raw in salads
chicory noun
AMERICAN an
ENDIVE
chilli noun
a red or green vegetable with a hot taste, usually thin and pointed in shape
Chinese cabbage noun
CHINESE LEAVES
Chinese leaves noun
a vegetable that has large pale green leaves with thick white eaten raw in salads.
STALKS
. It can be cooked or
corn on the cob noun
the top part of a
MAIZE
plant, cooked and eaten as a vegetable
cos lettuce noun
BRITISH a type of long thin
LETTUCE
courgette noun
BRITISH a long vegetable with dark green skin. The American word is zucchini .
cucumber noun
a long thin vegetable that has a dark green skin and is white inside. It is usually eaten raw in salads.
eggplant noun
AMERICAN an
AUBERGINE
endive noun
a vegetable with curly green leaves eaten in salad
endive noun
AMERICAN the vegetable
CHICORY
fennel noun
a pale green vegetable with seeds and leaves that are used for flavouring food
garden egg noun
WEST AFRICAN an
AUBERGINE
garlic noun
a round white vegetable with small sections called cloves which you add to food for a strong pleasant flavour. The whole garlic is called a bulb .
globe artichoke noun
a round green vegetable in which the leaves grow in a ball shape on a tall stem
green bean noun
a long thin green vegetable that grows on a tall climbing plant
green pepper noun
a HOLLOW green vegetable containing small white seeds. It can be eaten raw in salads or cooked.
iceberg lettuce noun
a round pale green
LETTUCE
with leaves that form a tight ball
jalapeño noun
a small green or red pepper often used in Mexican cooking for giving food a hot flavour
Jerusalem artichoke noun
a vegetable with a very pale brown skin and white flesh. It grows under the ground.
kale noun
a vegetable with large curly dark-green leaves. Kale is a type of cabbage .
kohlrabi noun
a hard round vegetable, eaten raw in salads or cooked
leek noun
a long thin vegetable that tastes similar to an onion and is white at one end with green leaves at the other
lettuce noun
a vegetable with large thin green leaves that you eat raw in a salad
mangetout noun
BRITISH a small flat green vegetable with very small seeds inside. It is a type of pea and you can eat its skin.
marrow noun
BRITISH a large long vegetable that has a dark green skin and is white inside
new potato noun
a small potato taken from the ground early in the year
okra noun
a vegetable with long green South Asian cooking
PODS
seed containers that is used especially in African and
onion noun
a round vegetable with thin dry skin and many layers inside that tastes and smells very strong
pak choi noun
a Chinese vegetable with long dark green leaves and white stems
parsnip noun
a long white hard vegetable that grows under the ground
pea noun
a very small round green vegetable that grows in a long narrow
POD
pepper noun
a small pepper with a strong hot flavour
pepper noun
a red, green, orange, or yellow vegetable with small white seeds inside. It can be eaten raw in salads or cooked.
pimento noun
a small red vegetable that is a type of
PEPPER
plantain noun
a type of foods
BANANA
long yellow fruit used as a vegetable in cooking Caribbean and African
potato noun
a very common hard round vegetable that has a brown, red, or yellow skin and is white or yellow inside. It grows under the ground and can be cooked in many different ways
pumpkin noun
a large round vegetable with a thick orange skin and large seeds
radicchio noun
a vegetable with small purple and white leaves, eaten raw in salads
radish noun
a small pink or red vegetable that is eaten raw in salads
red pepper noun
a red vegetable with small white seeds inside. It can be eaten raw in salads or cooked.
rocket noun
BRITISH a leaf vegetable with a strong flavour, eaten raw in salads
romaine noun
AMERICAN a type of cos lettuce .
MAINLY LETTUCE
with long narrow firm leaves. The usual British word is
russet noun
a type of potato with russet coloured skin
rutabaga noun
AMERICAN a
SWEDE
savoy cabbage noun
a type of
CABBAGE
a round green vegetable whose leaves are curly, not smooth
scallion noun
AMERICAN a
SPRING ONION
shallot noun
a small vegetable similar to an onion
snow pea noun
AMERICAN a
MANGETOUT
spinach noun
a vegetable with dark green leaves that can be cooked or eaten raw in salads
spring greens noun
BRITISH the leaves of young
CABBAGES
spring onion noun
BRITISH a small white onion with a long thin stem with green leaves on it that is often eaten raw in salads
sprout noun
BRITISH a
BRUSSELS SPROUT
spud noun
INFORMAL
a potato
sugar beet noun
a vegetable that grows under the ground and is used for producing sugar
swede noun
BRITISH a hard round yellow vegetable that grows under the ground
sweet pepper noun
a green, red, or yellow vegetable that does not have a strong flavour. Sweet peppers are often simply called peppers .
sweet potato noun
a vegetable with a slightly sweet taste that looks like a potato with pink skin
Swiss chard noun
a vegetable with large green leaves and thick stems
tater noun
VERY INFORMAL
a potato
tattie noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a potato
turnip noun
a large round light-coloured root vegetable that grows under the ground
veg noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
vegetables
water chestnut noun
a small hard white vegetable, often used in Asian cooking
wild rice noun
the seed of a grass that grows in North America, eaten as a vegetable
yam noun yam noun
AMERICAN a
SWEET POTATO
a root vegetable that looks like a long white potato and has a brown skin
zucchini noun
AMERICAN a
COURGETTE
Types of Vegetable
baby adjective
baby vegetables are smaller than usual and have a sweeter taste
greens noun
SPOKEN
the green leaves of vegetables, especially when they have been cooked
root vegetable noun
a vegetable such as a
CARROT
whose root is the part that is eaten
squash noun
a large hard vegetable with very thick skin
out of season
not grown at the normal time or under normal conditions
Parts of Vegetables
cob noun
a
CORNCOB
eye noun
one of the spots on a potato that new growth comes from
flesh noun
the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that is under the skin
floret noun
one of the small parts that make up vegetables such as
BROCCOLI
or
CAULIFLOWER
heart noun
the inner, central part of something such as a vegetable
peel noun
the skin of a fruit or vegetable
peelings noun
pieces of skin that have been removed from a fruit or vegetable
pulp noun
the inside of a fruit or vegetable
skin noun
the outer layer of a fruit or vegetable
spear noun
the long pointed part of a vegetable such as
ASPARAGUS
top noun
the leaves on some vegetables, for example onions
Processed Vegetables
baked beans noun
beans cooked in tomato sauce and sold in a can. Baked beans are often simply called beans .
caper noun
a food with a strong flavour that consists of a small green flower or VINEGAR
BUD
preserved in salt
dill pickle noun
a
CUCUMBER
that has been preserved and given flavour with dill
gherkin noun
a small green vegetable preserved in
VINEGAR
and eaten cold with meals
mushy peas noun
BRITISH PEAS that are boiled until they are very soft, eaten as a vegetable, especially in northern England
onion ring noun
a thin section of onion that forms a ring, covered with a mixture and cooked in fat
pickle noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a
CUCUMBER
or other vegetable preserved in
VINEGAR
or salt water
textured vegetable protein noun
TVP
tofu noun
a soft white food made from
SOYA BEANS
TVP noun
textured vegetable protein: a food that provides protein and is made from
SOYA BEANS
Cooked Potatoes
baked potato noun
a potato that is baked and served with its skin on
chip noun
BRITISH a long thin piece of potato cooked in hot oil. The American word is French fry
chip noun
AMERICAN a
CRISP 1
crisp noun
BRITISH a thin flat round piece of potato that has been cooked in fat and is eaten cold. The American word is chip or potato chip .
French fries noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN
CHIPS
long thin pieces of potato cooked in hot oil
fries noun
FRENCH FRIES
hash browns noun
potatoes that are cut into very small pieces, pressed together, and cooked in oil
jacket potato noun
BRITISH a potato cooked with its skin on
latke noun
a traditional Jewish
PANCAKE
made with potatoes
mash noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL MASHED POTATO
mashed potato noun
potatoes boiled in water, crushed, and then mixed with milk and butter until they are smooth
potato chip noun
AMERICAN a
CRISP 1
Meat Joints and Cuts of Meat
beefsteak noun
a large thick piece of good-quality
BEEF
braising steak noun
BEEF
that is suitable for braising
breast noun
meat from a bird’s breast, or from the front part of the body of some other animals
brisket noun
meat, usually
BEEF
, from an animal’s chest
chop noun
a small piece of meat with a bone in it, usually from a sheep or a pig
chuck noun
CHUCK STEAK
chuck steak noun
a piece of meat taken from the neck and shoulder of a cow
chump noun
BRITISH a thick end of a piece of meat
cut noun
a piece of meat that has been cut from a particular part of the animal
cutlet noun
a flat piece of meat still connected to a bone, usually a piece of
LAMB
or
VEAL
drumstick noun
the lower part of the leg of a chicken or other bird, cooked and eaten as food
escalope noun
BRITISH a thin piece of meat that you cook in hot fat
filet
another spelling of fillet
1
fillet noun
a long thin piece of meat with no bones in it
flank noun
the side of an animal’s body between its an animal’s body
HIP
and its
RIBS
, or the meat from this part of
haunch noun
the upper part of an animal’s leg, used as meat
hock noun
the part above a pig’s back foot that is sometimes eaten as meat
knuckle noun
a piece of meat from an animal’s lower leg
leg noun
a piece of meat that comes from an animal’s leg
loin noun
a piece of meat from the sides or back of an animal, near the tail
marrow bone noun
a bone that has marrow inside it, sometimes used for adding flavour to soup
neck noun
the flesh of an animal’s neck when eaten as food
pork belly noun
a piece of fresh meat from one side of a pig
rasher noun
a thin flat piece of
BACON
or
HAM
rib noun
a piece of meat that is attached to the rib of an animal
rump steak noun
meat that comes from a cow’s
RUMP
shank noun
the lower part of an animal’s leg, or meat from an animal’s leg
shoulder noun
the upper part of the front leg of an animal, or meat from this part
side noun
one half of the body of a cow, pig, or other large animal, used as food
sirloin noun
an expensive piece of
BEEF
taken from a cow’s lower back
spare ribs noun
meat that comes from the chest of an animal, especially a pig, that is cooked and eaten with the bones in
steak noun
the meat from a cow, especially a piece without fat that is high in quality
steak noun
BRITISH meat from a cow that is cut into small pieces and used for making things like STEW a very thick soup
steak noun
a large piece of another type of meat or fish
T-bone steak noun
a thick piece of
BEEF
containing a bone shaped like the letter T
tenderloin noun
meat of good quality that is cut from the side of a pig or cow
thigh noun
the upper part of the leg of a bird, eaten as food
topside noun
BRITISH
BEEF
cut from the top outer part of a cow’s leg
trotter noun
the foot of a pig, sometimes cooked and eaten as food
wing noun
the meat from the wing of a chicken etc, eaten as food
wishbone noun
a bone shaped like a Y in a cooked bird. Traditionally, two people pull the bone and the person who gets the larger piece can make a wish.
a rack of lamb pork
a large piece of meat from a sheep pig that consists of its chest and
RIBS
Types of Meat
bacon noun
meat from a pig that is treated with smoke or salt, and is often cooked in pieces
RASHERS
thin
beef noun
the meat from a cow
beef noun
relating to this meat
bushmeat noun
the meat of wild animals that have been killed for food
chicken noun
the meat of a chicken
crab noun
the meat from a crab eaten as food
crabmeat noun
the meat from a
CRAB
dark meat noun
meat from a part of a bird such as its leg that is darker than the rest Lighter meat is called white meat .
duck noun
the meat of a duck
goose noun
the meat of a goose
ground beef noun
AMERICAN
MINCE
horseflesh noun
HORSE MEAT
lamb noun
the meat from a young sheep
lean noun
meat that has very little fat in it
meat noun
a particular type of meat
meatball noun
meat that is cut into very small pieces, shaped into a ball, and cooked
mince noun
BRITISH meat, especially BEEF , that has been cut into very small pieces using a machine. The American word is ground beef .
mincemeat noun
minced meat
mutton noun
the meat from an adult sheep
partridge noun
the meat from a partridge
pheasant noun
the meat from a pheasant
pork noun
the meat from a pig
poultry noun
meat from birds such as chickens
quail noun
this bird eaten as food
rabbit noun
the meat from a rabbit
red meat noun
meat such as BEEF or LAMB that is red before it is cooked and dark after you have cooked it. Meat that is pale after you have cooked it is called white meat .
stewing steak noun
BEEF
meat from a cow that is suitable for cooking in a
STEW
streaky bacon noun
BACON
thin pieces of meat from a pig that has lines of fat in it
turkey noun
the meat of a turkey
veal noun
meat from a young cow
venison noun
the meat from a
DEER
white meat noun
meat such as chicken or PORK that is pale after you have cooked it Meat that is dark after cooking is called red meat .
white meat noun
meat from the top part of a bird, for example its breast Meat from the lower part is called dark meat .
wild boar noun
the meat of a wild pig
Cooked and Preserved Meats
biltong noun
SOUTH AFRICAN long pieces of meat without much fat that have been dried in the sun, for example from an ANTELOPE or a BUFFALO
brawn noun
BRITISH meat from a pig’s head that is cooked and pressed into a firm shape, then eaten cold
cold cuts noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN thin pieces of different types of cooked meat that you eat cold
corned beef noun
cooked
BEEF
that has been preserved in salt water
crackling noun
the hard skin on a piece of cooked
PORK
faggot noun
BRITISH a food in the form of a ball made of small pieces of meat mixed with bread
gammon noun
BRITISH a type of
HAM
cooked meat from a pig’s leg that you eat hot
ham noun
the meat from the top part of the back legs of a pig, preserved using salt or smoke
ham noun
a large piece of ham
jerky noun
AMERICAN meat cut in thin
STRIPS
and dried
joint noun
a large piece of meat cooked in an oven
luncheon meat noun
a type of food consisting of pieces of cooked meat pressed together, sold in a container and eaten cold
TIN
metal
parson’s nose noun
BRITISH INFORMAL the piece of meat that forms the tail of a chicken when it has been cooked
pastrami noun
cooked BEEF with a strong flavour that is usually cut into thin pieces and served cold in sandwiches
pork scratchings noun
BRITISH pieces of pig’s skin cooked in hot fat, usually eaten cold
prosciutto noun
Italian raw
HAM
that is served cut into thin pieces
roast noun
a large piece of meat that has been cooked in an oven or over a fire
sausage meat noun
meat cut into very small pieces so that it can be put into a tube of skin
small goods noun
AUSTRALIAN prepared meat products, for example
SAUSAGE
and
SALAMI
wiener noun
AMERICAN a
FRANKFURTER
Burgers and Sausages
banger noun
BRITISH
INFORMAL
a
SAUSAGE
beefburger noun
BRITISH MINCED BEEF meat from a cow cut up into very small pieces that is cooked in a flat round shape and served in a bread roll
beefburger noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN a sandwich made of loose minced beef
black pudding noun
a type of thick SAUSAGE made from the meat and blood of a pig, traditionally cut into round pieces and eaten for breakfast
boerewors noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a large
SAUSAGE
with a strong hot flavour that people make at home
bologna noun
AMERICAN a type of
SAUSAGE
made from different meats, often eaten in sandwiches
boloney
another spelling of baloney
burger noun
meat from a cow cut up into very small pieces that is cooked in a flat round shape and served in a bread roll
MINCED BEEF
burger noun
pieces of meat or vegetable that are pressed together, cooked in a flat round shape, and served in a bread roll
cheeseburger noun
a type of
BURGER
that has a piece of cheese on top of the meat
chipolata noun
BRITISH a small thin
SAUSAGE
chorizo noun
a type of
SAUSAGE
containing strong
SPICES
from Spain or Latin America
frankfurter noun
a long thin
SAUSAGE
that is often eaten inside a long thin bread roll
hamburger noun
a food made by pressing small pieces of BEEF meat from a cow into a flat round shape and cooking it in oil. Hamburgers are usually eaten in a bread roll and are often called beefburgers or simply burgers .
hot dog noun
the type of soft sausage that is used to make a hot dog sandwich
liver sausage noun
BRITISH a type of SAUSAGE food consisting of small pieces of meat in a tube of skin made using liver, usually cut into thin SLICES and eaten cold
liverwurst noun
MAINLY
AMERICAN another word for
LIVER SAUSAGE
pepperoni noun
a type of Italian
SAUSAGE
that is used in foods such as
PIZZA
salami noun
a type of
SAUSAGE
containing strong
SPICES
, cut thin and served cold
sausage noun
a food that consists of a tube of skin containing very small pieces of meat mixed with
SPICES
Vegeburger
TRADEMARK
a
BURGER
made of vegetables or beans
a quarter-pounder half-pounder
a
BURGER
that weighs a quarter of a pound half a pound
Words Used to Describe Meat
boneless adjective
boneless meat or fish has had the bones removed before it is sold
bony adjective
fish that is bony has a lot of bones in it, making it difficult to eat
flyblown adjective
flyblown meat has flies’ eggs on it
jellied adjective
jellied meat or fish has been covered with a solid clear substance that you can eat
jerk adjective
jerk meat has been
MARINATED
in a mixture of
SPICES
with a strong flavour
lean adjective
lean meat has very little fat in it
meaty adjective
containing a lot of meat
skinless adjective
skinless meat has had the skin removed from it
tough adjective
food, especially meat, that is tough is very difficult to cut and
CHEW
on off the bone
with without the bones still in it
Food for Animals
birdseed noun
seeds that you give to birds as food
bone meal noun
a substance made of crushed bones, used as food for animals or for helping plants to grow
corn noun
the seeds of a corn plant that are cooked as food or fed to animals
cud noun
food that animals such as cows and sheep bring back into their mouths to after they have swallowed it
CHEW
again
dog biscuit noun
a type of hard dry food given to dogs
feed noun
food given to animals
fishmeal noun
a powder of dried fish that you use to feed animals or to fertilize the soil to help plants to grow
fodder noun
food, especially
HAY
or
STRAW
, for animals such as cows and horses
forage noun
food for animals, especially crops grown for horses and cows
hay noun
long grass that has been cut and dried, used for feeding animals
mash noun
a mixture of crushed grains used as food for animals
meal noun
crushed grain, used as food for people or animals
millet noun
a type of grain often used as food for birds
pigswill noun
BRITISH waste food that is used for feeding pigs
ryegrass noun
a type of grass that is used for feeding animals
silage noun
grass and plants that are preserved and used for feeding farm animals
slops noun
waste food or drink fed to pigs and other animals on farms
swill noun
a liquid containing waste food, used for feeding pigs
Substances and Chemicals in Food and Drink
additive noun
a substance that is added in small amounts to something, especially food, in order to make it last longer, look more attractive, or improve it in some way
albumin noun
BIOLOGY
a protein that is in the white part of an egg, in milk, and in blood
PLASMA
ascorbic acid noun
CHEMISTRY VITAMIN C
aspartame noun
an artificial substance that does not contain many to make it taste sweeter
CALORIES
that is added to food or drink
butterfat noun
the fat in milk
caffeine noun
a substance in coffee and tea that makes you feel awake. Drinks that have had the caffeine removed are decaffeinated or caffeine-free .
carbohydrate noun
a substance found in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes. Carbohydrates supply your body with heat and energy.
BIOLOGY
coloring
the American spelling of colouring
curd noun
the solid substance that forms in milk when it starts to become sour
E noun
INFORMAL
an
E NUMBER
emulsifier noun
a substance added to a food or drink to stop liquid and solid parts from separating
SCIENCE
E number noun
a number that represents a chemical that is added to food
fat noun
a soft white substance on meat
fat noun
oil found in food
fatty acid noun
BIOLOGY
an acid found in fats and oils in animals and plants
fiber
the American spelling of fibre
fibre noun
the parts of fruit, vegetables, and grains that your body cannot substances it can use . It helps food to pass through your body
DIGEST
change into
flavoring
the American spelling of flavouring
flavouring noun
a substance added to food or drink to give it a particular flavour
folic acid noun
an important B VITAMIN , found in green vegetables and liver. It is especially important for pregnant women.
MEDICAL
food noun
the things that plants need in order to grow
fructose noun
BIOLOGY
a type of sugar found in some fruits and
HONEY
glucose noun
BIOLOGY
when
CARBOHYDRATES
a sugar that is produced in plants through PHOTOSYNTHESIS and in animals’ bodies are separated into the parts they consist of
gluten noun
a sticky natural substance that is found in some foods, especially wheat
goodness noun
substances such as you to stay healthy
VITAMINS
and proteins that are contained in some foods and that help
grease noun
fat that comes out of meat when you cook it
gristle noun iron noun
a strong substance that surrounds the find it in meat
JOINTS
of animals and is difficult to eat when you
small quantities of iron, existing in some foods and in your body, which is important for good health
lactose noun
CHEMISTRY
milk
a type of sugar that is present in milk and is sometimes used in artificial baby
mineral noun
a natural substance in some foods that you need for good health, for example iron and
CALCIUM
monosodium glutamate noun
CHEMISTRY MSG
MSG noun
CHEMISTRY
monosodium glutamate: a chemical added to food to improve its flavour
niacin noun
a type of
VITAMIN
that exists in milk and other foods
nutrient noun
BIOLOGY
a substance in food that plants, animals, and people need to live and grow
preservative noun
CHEMISTRY
a chemical substance used for preventing food or wood from decaying
prion noun
BIOLOGY BSE
a type of and CJD
PROTEIN
that is believed to be responsible for the serious brain diseases
protein noun
a substance in food such as meat, eggs, and milk that people need in order to grow and be healthy
RDA noun
recommended daily allowance: the amount of something such as a should have every day
VITAMIN
that you
riboflavin noun
a substance found in eggs, milk, liver, and green vegetables that your body needs to stay healthy. Riboflavin is a VITAMIN .
roughage noun
fibre that helps food and waste to pass through your body
saccharin noun
a chemical substance used instead of sugar for making food and drinks sweet
saturated fat noun
fat from animal food such as meat or milk. Eating too much saturated fat can lead to high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood.
CHEMISTRY
sodium bicarbonate noun
CHEMISTRY
a white powder used for making cakes rise
stabiliser
a British spelling of stabilizer
stabilizer noun
a substance added to some prepared foods to stop the taste or appearance from changing
starch noun
a white substance without any taste that is found in rice, potatoes, and other vegetables. It is a type of CARBOHYDRATE that gives you energy.
stimulant noun
a substance that makes you feel more awake when you eat it or drink it
sweetener noun
a substance added to food or drink to make it taste sweeter
tannin noun
a substance in wine that gives it a slightly bitter taste
thiamin noun
a natural chemical in many types of food that your body uses to make your nerves work correctly. It belongs to the VITAMIN B group.
MEDICAL
trans fat noun
a type of solid fat such as MARGARINE produced when vegetable oils are changed by a chemical process These fats are considered bad for your health because they increase your CHOLESTEROL level .
vitamin noun
natural substances found in food that are necessary to keep your body healthy. Each vitamin is given a name using a letter of the alphabet, for example vitamin C which is found in many fruit and vegetables. A vitamin deficiency is a medical condition caused by lack of vitamins
MEDICAL
vitamin A noun
a vitamin found in some vegetables, fish, milk, and eggs that is important for sight, your skin, and the growth of TISSUE
MEDICAL
vitamin B noun
any one of a group of vitamins found in CEREAL important for growth, your blood, and your nerves
MEDICAL GRAINS
,
LIVER
, and
YEAST
that is
vitamin C noun
a vitamin found especially in oranges and lemons and in vegetables with green leaves that is important for your skin, teeth, bones, and blood
MEDICAL
vitamin D noun
a vitamin found in fish and eggs that is important for bones and teeth. It is also produced by the action of SUNLIGHT on your skin.
MEDICAL
whey noun
a thin liquid that is formed when milk becomes sour
Words used to describe the flavours of food or drink Words Used to Describe Specific Tastes and Flavours
acid adjective
very sour
acidic adjective astringent adjective
an astringent taste is one that is strong and bitter very sour
bitter adjective bitter-sweet adjective brackish adjective chocolate noun
brackish water has a slight taste of salt and is therefore not pure made from or tasting of chocolate something that is bitter has a strong sharp taste that is not sweet tasting bitter and sweet at the same time
chocolatey adjective
chocolatey food has a lot of chocolate in it, or tastes like chocolate
fiery adjective
food that is fiery makes your mouth feel very hot when you eat it
flavored flavoured adjective flavoured adjective hot adjective
having had something added to give a particular taste hot food contains a lot of
SPICES
the American spelling of flavoured tasting a particular way or of a particular thing
that create a burning feeling in your mouth
mature adjective mild adjective ripe adjective robust adjective
ripe cheese or wine has a strong flavour robust food or drink has a lot of flavour mature cheese, wine etc has been left to develop a pleasant strong flavour mild food does not have a strong taste
savoury adjective seasoned adjective sharp adjective sour adjective
a food that is sharp has a strong and bitter flavour with a taste like a lemon tasting of salt or
SPICES
and not sweet
containing seasonings to improve flavour
spicy adjective sweet-and-sour adjective sweetish adjective syrupy adjective tart adjective unsalted adjective watery adjective
pale, or not strong tart food or drinks have a slightly sour taste not flavoured with salt a sweetish taste or smell is slightly sweet thick, sweet, and sticky spicy food has a strong hot flavour sweet-and-sour food contains both sweet and sour flavours
Words Used to Describe the State or Consistency of Food
buttery adjective
buttery food has a lot of butter in it, or tastes as if it has butter in it
calorific adjective
containing a lot of calories and therefore likely to make you fat
caramelised
a British spelling of caramelized
caramelized adjective
caramelized food has a layer of slightly burnt sugar on it
chewy adjective
chewy food has to be chewed for some time before it is soft enough to swallow
chilled adjective
chilled food or drink has been made cold in order to make it more pleasant or to keep it fresh
cool adjective
food that is cool is no longer hot
cream noun
used about food that contains cream
creamy adjective
containing or made from cream
crisp adjective
crisp food is firm in a pleasant way and makes a noise when you bite it
crispy adjective
food that is crispy is firm in a pleasant way, and makes a noise when you bite it
crunchy adjective
crunchy foods make a loud noise when you bite them
crystallized adjective
crystallized fruits or sweet foods are covered with sugar
CRYSTALS
deep pan adjective
a deep pan
PIZZA
has a thick
DOUGH
base
diabetic adjective
made for people who have diabetes
diet noun
containing less sugar or fat than other similar foods
digestible adjective
food that is digestible is easily changed into substances that your body needs
dry adjective
dry food contains little or no liquid, such as fat or juice
fat-free adjective
containing no fat
fattening adjective
making you fat
fatty adjective
containing a lot of fat
fatty adjective
consisting of fat
filling adjective
food that is filling makes you feel full quickly
fleshy adjective
containing flesh
floury adjective
covered with flour
fluffy adjective
food that is fluffy is soft and light because it contains a lot of air
fresh adjective
fresh food has been recently picked, caught, or prepared
fruity adjective
containing a lot of fruit
GM adjective
genetically modified: used for describing crops whose genes have been changed to give them particular qualities, or for describing foods made from them
greasy adjective
prepared with a lot of oil or fat
green adjective
made from the green leaves of vegetables
heavy adjective
food that is heavy is rather solid and not enjoyable
herbal adjective
connected with
HERBS
, or made from herbs
iced adjective
an iced cake or
BISCUIT
is covered with
ICING
indigestible adjective
indigestible food is difficult for your body to
DIGEST
instant adjective
instant food or drink can be prepared in a very short time, usually by adding hot water
jammy adjective
covered and sticky with
JAM
light adjective
food or drink that is light has less fat or alcohol than other similar food or drink. This word is sometimes spelt lite on food labels
lite adjective
a spelling of ‘light’ that is often used in the names of foods and drinks that contain less sugar or fat than usual
live adjective
live
YOGHURT
contains the living bacteria that are used to make it
lo-cal adjective
INFORMAL LOW-CALORIE
low adjective
used about foods that contain a smaller amount of a substance than usual
low-cal adjective
INFORMAL
low-calorie
low-calorie adjective
low-calorie foods or drinks help people to lose weight because they do not contain many CALORIES
low-fat adjective
low-fat food contains only a small amount of fat
mentholated adjective
containing menthol
microwavable adjective
able to be cooked in a microwave
microwaveable
another spelling of microwavable
milky adjective
containing milk or a liquid that looks like milk
mushroom noun
containing or made from mushrooms
non-fat adjective
non-fat food and drinks contain no fat or very little fat
nourishing adjective
providing the food needed to live, grow, and be healthy
nutritive adjective
a nutritive substance is one that is used by living things to help them to grow and be healthy
nutritive adjective
connected with
NUTRITION
nutty adjective
containing nuts, or having the taste of nuts
organic adjective
organic food or drink is produced using only a small number of artificial chemicals
peanut noun
containing or made with peanuts
perishable adjective
perishable food decays after a short time, especially if it is not kept cold
picnic noun
used about the things that you use or eat at a picnic
plain adjective
plain food is simple and does not have a lot of things added to it
raw adjective
raw food has not been cooked, or has not been thoroughly cooked
rich adjective
containing a lot of things such as butter, eggs, or cream that make your stomach feel full very quickly
skinny adjective
MAINLY
AMERICAN
INFORMAL
low in fat
slimline adjective
BRITISH containing fewer
CALORIES
than usual in order not to make you fat
sloppy adjective
sloppy food is not thick or solid enough
soupy adjective
containing too much liquid
soused adjective spoilt adjective
kept in a liquid such as
VINEGAR
or alcohol for a long time
spoilt food has started to decay
starchy adjective
starchy foods have a lot of
STARCH
in them
sticky adjective
sticky food contains a lot of sugar and has a sticky surface
stodgy adjective
stodgy food is heavy and makes you feel too full
strained adjective
put through a strainer to remove any lumps
stringy adjective
full of fibres and difficult to cut and eat
stuffed adjective
stuffed meat or vegetables have been filled with some other type of food
sugar-coated adjective
covered in sugar
tender adjective
tender food is soft and easy to cut and eat
tough adjective
food, especially meat, that is tough is very difficult to cut and
CHEW
unclean adjective
unclean food or drink cannot be eaten or drunk by people belonging to a particular religion
uneaten adjective
not eaten
unrefined adjective
unrefined products such as sugar and oil have not been changed from their natural state
vegetarian adjective
relating to or intended for vegetarians
warmed-over adjective
AMERICAN
WARMED-UP
for eating
warmed-up adjective
warmed-up food had gone cold but has been heated again to make it warm enough to eat
wheaten adjective
BRITISH made using wheat
whipped adjective
food that is whipped has had air mixed into it, so that it is very light
Tasting Bad or Lacking Flavour
stale adjective
stale food such as bread is old and no longer fresh
nasty adjective
very unpleasant to taste, smell, see, or feel
rancid adjective
rancid food contains fats or oils that are no longer fresh and have an unpleasant taste and smell
sour adjective
with an unpleasant taste or smell, especially because of no longer being fresh
inedible adjective
too unpleasant or poisonous to eat
unpalatable adjective
FORMAL
unpalatable food tastes unpleasant
tasteless adjective
having no flavour
bland adjective
not having a strong taste and therefore not very interesting to eat
insipid adjective
FORMAL
not enjoyable to eat or drink because of having very little taste
bad adjective
no longer fresh or good to eat or drink
pungent adjective
a pungent taste or smell is very strong and sharp
acrid adjective
an acrid smell or taste is very strong, bitter, and unpleasant in your nose and throat
uneatable adjective overpowering adjective rank adjective
with a strong unpleasant smell or taste not safe or pleasant to eat an overpowering smell or taste is very strong
watery adjective
watery food or drink contains a lot of water and has a weak taste
sickly adjective
something such as a smell or taste that is sickly is so unpleasant that it makes you feel sick
light adjective
used about foods and drinks that do not have a strong taste
unappetizing adjective
food that is unappetizing does not taste good or does not have an attractive appearance
off adjective, adverb, preposition
food that is off is no longer fresh and is not good to eat
spoiled adjective
SPOILT
unsavoury adjective
food that is unsavoury smells and looks bad
stewed adjective
BRITISH stewed tea has become too strong and has developed an unpleasant taste
icky adjective
SPOKEN
very unpleasant to touch, look at, smell, or taste
tainted adjective
MAINLY
AMERICAN tainted food is not safe to eat because it is no longer fresh
unappetizingly adverb
Tasting Like a Particular Thing
buttery adjective
buttery food has a lot of butter in it, or tastes as if it has butter in it
chalky adjective
feeling or tasting like
CHALK
cheesy adjective
tasting like cheese, or tasting of cheese
chocolate noun chocolatey adjective fishy adjective
tasting or smelling like fish made from or tasting of chocolate chocolatey food has a lot of chocolate in it, or tastes like chocolate
floury adjective
like flour in taste or appearance
flowery adjective
a flowery smell or taste reminds you of flowers
fruity adjective
tasting or smelling like fruit
gamey adjective
with the strong flavour of a wild animal or bird
gamy
another spelling of gamey
garlicky adjective
smelling or tasting of garlic
ginger adjective
containing or tasting of ginger
honeyed adjective
sweet like honey
metallic adjective
with a taste like metal
minted adjective
flavoured with
MINT
minty adjective
smelling or tasting of
MINT
nutty adjective
containing nuts, or having the taste of nuts
peachy adjective
similar to a
PEACH
in colour, taste, or smell
peppery adjective
flavoured with or tasting like pepper
plummy adjective
similar to a
PLUM
in colour or flavour
salty adjective
containing salt, or tasting like salt
smoky adjective
tasting or smelling of smoke
sugary adjective
tasting sweet from sugar
sweet adjective
tasting like sugar
vanilla adjective
made from vanilla, or with vanilla added for flavour
vinegary adjective
tasting of vinegar
yeasty adjective
Preserved in a Particular Way
canned adjective
canned food has been preserved in a metal container without air
chilled adjective
chilled food or drink has been made cold in order to make it more pleasant or to keep it fresh
dehydrated adjective
dehydrated food has been preserved by having all its water removed
desiccated adjective
desiccated food has had all the water taken out of it in order to preserve it
dried adjective
dried substances such as food, milk, or flowers have had the water removed from them
freeze-dried adjective
food that is freeze-dried is made dry very quickly at very low temperatures in order to preserve it
frozen adjective
preserved by being made extremely cold and stored at a very low temperature
pickled adjective
preserved in
VINEGAR
or salt water
potted adjective
BRITISH preserved in a pot, usually as a thick substance
tinned adjective
BRITISH tinned food has been preserved in metal containers. The American word is canned
vacuum-packed adjective
food that is vacuum-packed is wrapped using a process in which all the air is removed
Amounts and Pieces of Food
batch noun
an amount of a food that is prepared or baked at one time
bed noun
a layer of food on which you put other food
bite noun
a small piece of food prepared so that you can eat it in one bite
bite noun
an amount of food that you bite with your teeth
bowl noun
the food in a bowl, or the amount that a bowl contains
bowlful noun
the food in a bowl, or the amount that a bowl contains
cake noun
a small amount of food formed into a flat round shape and cooked
can noun
the amount of food, drink, paint etc that a metal container holds
consumption noun
the amount that someone eats, drinks, or smokes
crumb noun
a very small piece that falls off a dry food such as bread or cake
crumb noun
INFORMAL
a very small amount of food
cup noun
the amount that a cup contains, used in the US as a unit for measuring quantities of food when you are cooking
cupful noun
the amount of something that a cup contains
dash noun
a small amount of a substance added to food or drink to give it a special flavour
dice noun
small square pieces of food
dollop noun
INFORMAL
a large lump of a soft substance, especially food
feast noun
a large amount of a particular food that you enjoy eating
hamper noun
BRITISH a box or basket of food and drink, sometimes given as a present at Christmas
jar noun
the food contained in a jar, or the amount that a jar contains
morsel noun
FORMAL
a small piece of food
mountain noun
a large amount of extra food that exists because too much has been produced
mouthful noun
an amount of food or drink that you put in your mouth at one time
nibble noun
a small bite of something
nugget noun
food in the shape of a small lump
pat noun
a small flat piece of butter
plate noun
the amount of food that a plate will hold
plateful noun
the amount of food that a plate will hold
punnet noun
BRITISH the food contained in a punnet, or the amount that a punnet contains
ration noun
a limited amount of something, especially food, that you are allowed to have, for example when there is not much available or when someone else is controlling it
rations noun
amounts of food that are provided for people who do not have enough or for people such as soldiers
rind noun
the hard outer edge of
BACON
or some types of cheese. You do not usually eat the rind.
round noun
a
SLICE
of bread or other food
scraps noun
small amounts of food that are left after a meal
seconds noun
a second amount of the food that you have just eaten
serving noun
an amount of food for one person
slab noun
a large piece of food
slice noun
a flat piece of food that has been cut from something larger
strength noun
the amount of a substance in food, drink, medicine etc
sugar noun
the amount of sugar that is contained in a
TEASPOON
taste noun
a small amount of food or drink that you eat or drink in order to see what flavour it has
tidbit noun
AMERICAN a
TITBIT
titbit noun
BRITISH a small piece of food
topping noun
a layer of food put on top of other food, for example on a cake, ice cream, or
PIZZA
yoghurt noun
the amount in a container of this food
a stick of butter margarine
AMERICAN a long thin piece of butter or
MARGARINE