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Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Introduction
HansenGlass provides three solutions – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated when specifying or using glass in critical risk areas or high performance applications such as:
balustrading, stair treads and landings; canopies and overhead glazing; commercial entrances; doors and side panels; floor panels, glass shower/ changing cubicles; glass fins; glass vanity tops and shelving; louvers, brise soleil and glazed feature elements; partitions; squash courts; street furniture; splash backs; structural (bolted) glazing and wall cladding
Fort™ is a high quality toughened glass available in thicknesses from 4mm to 6mm. FortPlus™ is a high quality toughened glass available in thicknesses from 8mm to 25mm. FortPlus™ Laminated comprises Fort™ and/or FortPlus™ toughened glasses with CIP (cast-in-place) polyester resin interlayer. Alternatively, HansenGlass can also supply pvb laminate interlayers. Thicknesses in both product types are to suit the appropriate design performance criteria. All products are available in a wide variety of glass types which include: • • • • • • Clear float glass Low iron float glass Tinted float glass Hard coated low E glass Hard coated solar control glass Patterned glass
Fort™ conforms to BS EN 12150, BS 6206 Class A and BS EN 12600 Class 1(C)3. FortPlus™ conforms to BS EN 12150, BS 6206 Class A and BS EN 12600 Class 1(C)1. FortPlus™ Laminated conforms to BS EN 12543, BS 6206 Class A and BS EN 12600 Class 1(B)1.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Advantages
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Suitable for use in applications requiring safety and strength Fully tested and conform to British and International Safety Standards and Building Regulations. Provide Class A safety impact performance to BS 6206 for use in all critical locations. FortPlus™ Laminated gives additional safety characteristics. Four to five times stronger than ordinary glass. Available as heat soaked toughened glass for added confidence in use. Single toughened glass breaks safely into small, blunt edged fragments which reduces the risk of injury and can also be held in place with a laminate interlayer. Highly resistant to temperature changes and temperature differentials – ideal for use where there are thermal stress requirements. Four decades of proven manufacturing success, utilising a range of thicknesses from 4mm to 25mm. Available in a wide range of glass types from all the major basic glass manufacturers. Supported by a comprehensive technical advisory service to give guidance on optimum use of the products. Can be used in ThermoSpan™, ThermoCool™ and Tempo™ product ranges. For additional safety characteristics, available in cast-in-place and pvb laminated versions. High visual clarity. Kite marked products.
Product Description
Fort™ and FortPlus™ are manufactured by heating to around 620oC and quenching rapidly to create high compressive stresses at the surfaces with balancing tensile stresses in the centre. This makes Fort™ and FortPlus™ four to five times stronger than ordinary glass of the same thickness, and they break safely, conforming to the requirements of BS 6206 Class A. Their increased strength makes Fort™ and FortPlus™ suitable for many structural applications including balustrade panels, full height glazed partitions and ThermoSpan™ structural glazing. Fort™ and FortPlus™ heat soaked toughened glass are available for use in ThermoSpan™ structural glazing and where otherwise specified.
FortPlus™ is used in Tempo™ frameless glass door assemblies. Standard door blanks and fully fitted assemblies are available utilising Dorma Glass, Geze Glass Design and door fittings from other major manufacturers.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Heat soaked toughened glass is used to minimise the risk of spontaneous breakage due to nickel sulphide (NiS) inclusions, which occur naturally in glass. It is recommended that Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated heat soaked toughened glass are used in overhead glazing and balustrade panels. FortPlus™ Laminated is available with cast-in-place (CIP) interlayer or pvb interlayer. The CIP interlayer uses a chemically cured polyester resin poured between two or more panes of glass spaced apart and sealed around the edge with a double-sided tape. FortPlus™ Laminated made with pvb is limited to 3 plies (2 panes of glass with one interlayer) and using panes of FortPlus™ no more than 12mm thick. Through heat and pressure the pvb sheet bonds the glasses together.
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are available with Ceraphic™ translucent screen printed enamel - a range of decorative glasses incorporating solar control and glare reduction properties. Cerocco sandblasting is also available. These two decorative processes are an ideal way to provide privacy, diffuse lighting, manifestation, corporate logos, messages etc. CeraGrit™ is a process that gives enhanced non-slip characteristics and is ideal for floor panels and stair treads. When utilised in laminate construction for stair treads and landing panels the lower panel can be screen printed or sandblasted for additional modesty. Maximum sizes: 4600mm x 2440mm CeraphicTM Cerocco 3000mm x 2250mm These two processes can be applied to any clear or tinted float glass and selected patterned glasses. With Ceraphic™, non-standard single colours can be provided, although a minimum quantity of ceramic ink will be required. Other designs and cover percentages, up to 100% and graduated cover, can be produced. With both processes specific, decorative and corporate designs can be produced from appropriate drawings or artwork. Enquiries should be submitted for review.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Ceraphic™ standard images Micropoint 4 - 4 mm white points in a 5 spot pattern at 6.4 mm centres giving 31% cover. Micropoint 6 - 6 mm white points in a 5 spot pattern at 8.5 mm centres giving 39% cover. Micropoint Contour 4 - 4 mm clear points in a 5 spot pattern at 6.4 mm centres on a white background giving 69% cover. Micropoint Contour 6 - 6 mm clear points in a 5 spot pattern at 8.5 mm centres on a white background giving 61% cover.
Microline 5/5 and Microline 10/10 - 5 mm white lines with 5 mm gaps or 10 mm white lines with 10 mm gaps, both giving 50% cover.
Microline 10/5 and Microline 5/10 - 10 mm white lines with 5 mm clear lines giving 67% cover or 5 mm white lines with 10 mm clear lines giving 33% cover.
Ceraphic™ and Cerocco can be used to resolve manifestation concerns in relation to Safety Standards and Building Regulations.
Product Performance
Heat soaked toughened glass
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are available as heat soaked thermally toughened glass. The heat soaking processes are: • • prEN 14179 where the glass temperature at all points is held for a minimum of 2 hours at 290 ± 10oC, designed to reduce the incidence of inclusion breakages to less than 1 in 400 tonnes of glass DIN 18516-4 where the oven air temperature is held for 8 hours at 290 ± 10oC, designed to reduce the incidence of inclusion breakages to less than 1 in 400 tonnes of glass
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Technical Description
Normal Dimension Limits Fort™ 4mm maximum size 5mm maximum size 6mm maximum size Minimum size Aspect ratio: 4 & 5mm 6mm FortPlus™ 8mm to 15mm maximum size 19mm maximum size 25mm maximum size Minimum size Aspect ratio 8mm ≥10mm FortPlus™ Laminated Maximum size Minimum size Aspect ratio Tolerance on dimensions Fort™ or FortPlus™ up to 1m over 1m diagonal difference FortPlus™ Laminated up to 1m over 1m and up to 3m over 3m diagonal difference edge step Drilled hole sizes Minimum diameter Maximum diameter ± 1mm ± 2mm ≤4mm ± 1.5mm ± 2.5mm ± 3mm ≤4mm ≤4mm thickness of glass 50mm 2500mm x 1500mm 3100mm x 1900mm 4000mm x 2400mm 450mm x 350mm maximum 8:1 maximum 12:1 4600mm x 2440mm 10.5m2 (up to 4600mm long or 2440mm wide) 8m2 (up to 4000mm long or 2440mm wide) 450mm x 350mm maximum 12:1 maximum 20:1 4600mm x 2440mm 450mm x 350mm Dependent on constituent Fort™ or FortPlus™ glass Safety Sound Reduction Depending on construction Fort™ 4mm Fort™ 6mm FortPlus™ 10mm FortPlus™ 12mm FortPlus™ Laminated 13.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated 19.5mm Distortion limits Bow Roller wave and edge dip: Fort™ Roller wave Edge dip FortPlus™ Roller wave Edge dip Weight Maximum weight Fort™ or FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated Strength and Deflection Allowable stress Allowable glass deflection Class A to BS 6206 RW 29 31 33 34 37 39 Ctr -3 -3 -3 -2 -3 -3
2mm/m length 4mm 5mm 6mm 0.3mm 0.2mm 0.15mm 0.5mm 0.3mm 0.25mm 8-10mm ≥12mm 0.10mm 0.05mm 0.25mm 0.25mm 2.5kg/m2 for every mm thickness of glass 500kg 1000kg 59 N/mm2 L/65 at design load
Tolerance on drilled holes Diameter ± 1mm Position relative to datum ± 2mm FortPlus™ Laminated misalignment ≤3mm Tolerance on notches and cutouts Dimensions ± 2mm Position relative to datum ± 2mm FortPlus™ Laminated misalignment ≤4mm Thickness tolerance Fort™ and FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated as BS EN 572 sum of component glass thickness plus 0.5mm per interlayer
Thermal Insulation Depending on construction U value
Solar and Optical Performance Depending on construction: Light transmission 89% to 5% Solar direct energy 82% to 6% Total solar energy 85% to 29%
5.3 - 5.6 W/m2K
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Processing Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated must not be cut or worked after manufacture. Four types of edgework and many configurations of holes, cutouts and notches can be provided.
belt or wheel finish as cut
The arrissed edge is the simplest type of edgework and consists of removing the sharp edges from as cut glass.
flat ground
Ground edges give a flat profile with a smooth arriss, both of which may have un-ground areas.
flat ground
Smooth edges give a flat profile with a smooth arriss.
polished
Polishing further refines the edge appearance.
FortPlus™ Laminated has ground, smooth or polished edges.
All glass thicknesses from 4mm to 25mm can be drilled. The diameter of the holes should be not less than 10mm and not less than the thickness of the glass up to a maximum of 50mm. Holes should not be positioned too close to a corner, to an edge or to each other, in accordance with the minimum distances shown in figure 1. The tolerance on hole diameter is ± 1mm and the positional tolerance is ± 2mm in relation to the datum.
t = glass thickness 2t > 2.5t x > 2t
4t no holes in this area
x + y > 6t y > 2t 2t
Figure 1. Hole positioning
Where there are complex configurations, e.g. more than eight holes in a pane, or more than two holes in close proximity, or non-rectangular corners, enquiries should be submitted.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
x B a X L z
Many configurations of cutouts and notches can be supplied, but enquiries must be submitted. Guidance on limiting sizes and positions is given in the diagram. B ≤ a/3; D ≤ a/3; X ≥ L/2; X ≥ B/2; Y ≥ D/2 z ≥ B/2 z ≥ L/2 L ≤ b/3 D ≤ b/3 x ≥ L/2 x ≥ B/2 y ≥ D/2 z ≥ D/2
Y
D y b
Figure 2. Cutout sizes and positions Re-entrant or internal corners must have a minimum radius of 10mm and not less than the glass thickness.
radius (minimum 10 mm) not less than glass thickness
Figure 3. Re-entrant and internal corners Standard door blanks can be manufactured. Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated can be manufactured in various geometric or irregular shapes, based on the supply of • • • appropriate computer files; or accurate scale drawings; or rigid templates – no greater in overall thickness than 12mm and no larger than 1500 x 3000mm
The tolerance on dimensions and hole positions may be higher for complex shapes.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Strength
For normal purposes, the allowable stress of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated is: Short duration loads Long duration loads 59 N/mm2 35 N/mm2
Higher stresses may be allowed in specific designs, e.g. ThermoSpan™.
Appearance
The appearance of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated depends upon the type of glass, the colour and the thickness of the glass. During the toughening process, the heat treatment can produce an overall warp, called bow. The limit on bow for Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated is 2mm/m length (0.2%). While the hot glass is in contact with the rollers during the toughening process, a distortion known as ‘roller wave’ is produced, which may be slightly exaggerated (edge dip) at the end of the pane. Roller wave is generally noticed in reflection. Table 1 Roller wave and edge dip limits Roller wave 0.3mm 0.2mm 0.15mm 0.10mm 0.05mm Edge dip 0.5mm 0.3mm 0.25mm 0.25mm 0.25mm
Fort™ 4mm Fort™ 5mm Fort™ 6mm FortPlus™ 8mm 10mm FortPlus™ ≥ 12mm
and
Glass which is thicker than 8mm may show signs of small imprints in the surface (‘roller pick-up’). The toughening process produces areas of different stress in the cross section of the glass. These areas of stress produce a birefringent effect in the glass, which is visible in polarised light. When toughened glass is viewed in polarised light, the areas of stress show up as coloured zones, sometimes known as ‘iridescence’ or ‘leopard spots’. Polarised light occurs in normal daylight. The amount of polarised light depends on the weather and the angle of the sun. The birefringent effect is more noticeable either at a glancing angle or through polarised spectacles. In FortPlusTM Laminated with a cast-in-place interlayer, although the edge tape is clear, the refractive index of the tape differs to that of the glass and a line appears at the interface of the two materials. Under some lighting conditions the line may display a pale blue interference effect. FortPlus™ Laminated may have small air bubbles around holes, cut outs and the perimeter where the resin joins the edge tape, these should be no larger in size than 1.5mm diameter. A pvb interlayer will also show similar characteristics.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Safety
All Fort™ and FortPlus™ break safely and conform to Class A of BS 6206. Fort™ and FortPlus™ are identified and marked as:
BS
BS
BS
6206
6206
6206
A
A
T
A
T
T
F
T
S
TH
OR
O
RT PL
ER
U
M O SP
Fort™
Sound Reduction
FortPlus™
Fort™ or FortPlus™ used in ThermoSpan™
Table 2 gives examples of sound reduction figures. Table 2 Sound reduction values
Band centre frequency (Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 RW C Ctr 4mm 17 18 16 19 20 22 25 27 28 30 32 33 34 34 31 24 26 29 -2 -3 Sound reduction (dB) for glass thickness
Fort™
6mm 16 19 20 22 24 25 28 30 32 34 35 35 32 26 27 30 33 31 -2 -3
FortPlus™
10mm 24 21 25 23 28 28 31 33 34 33 31 29 30 33 36 37 40 33 -2 -3 12mm 24 29 31 28 29 31 29 33 32 31 32 32 36 39 42 45 47 34 0 -2
N
A
F
FortPlus™ Laminated
13.5mm 25 28 27 27 31 31 33 35 37 37 36 35 37 41 44 47 50 37 -1 -3 19.5mm 24 28 25 30 34 35 36 37 35 34 36 38 41 43 45 49 53 39 -1 -3
Thermal durability
Fort™ and FortPlus™ The mechanical properties of Fort™ and FortPlus™ are unchanged for continuous service up to 250oC and are unaffected by sub-zero temperatures. They are capable of resisting both sudden temperature changes and temperature differentials up to 200 K. FortPlus™ Laminated The maximum working temperature is 100oC for CIP interlayers and 70oC for pvb interlayers.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Applications
Safety – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are ideal for use in the critical locations described in BS 6262: Part 4 and in Building Regulations.
300 mm
1500 mm 800 mm
Critical Locations for Safety Glass
Partitions – because of their safety characteristics and strength, Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are suitable for use in internal partitions up to the size limits given in Table 3. The sizes in Table 3 are for partitions, which are not protecting a drop. Where partitions are also acting as barriers, the size limits are given in Table 6. Table 3 Partition Size Limits 4 edge glazed maximum area Fort™ 4 mm 5 mm 6 mm FortPlus™ 8 mm 10 mm 12 mm ≥ 15 mm FortPlus™ Laminate 13.5mm ≥ 17.5mm 2m2 3m2 4m2 6m2 no limit no limit no limit 2 edge glazed maximum span N/A N/A 1.5m 2.0m 2.6m 3.2m no limit
no limit no limit
3.2m no limit
Barriers and guarding – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated can provide effective barriers complying with BS 6180 and Building Regulations. Free standing barriers - Table 4 indicates the thicknesses of FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated generally appropriate for free-standing glass barriers. The thickness may alter if the top edge of the clamping detail is significantly above or below the floor level.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 4 Free standing glass barriers BS 6399 Part 1 Line Load 0.36 kN/m 0.74 kN/m 1.5 kN/m 3.0 kN/m FortPlus™ Thickness 12mm 15mm 19mm 25mm FortPlus™ Laminated Thickness 13.5mm 17.5mm 21.5mm 25.5mm
Barrier infill panels - Infill panels for barriers can be supplied for attaching through drilled holes to the balusters. Table 5 gives the maximum spans for Fort™ and FortPlus™ bolted infill panels. It is suggested that panels should be limited to less than 2000mm, even though longer panels may be technically within the requirements. Table 5 Span of infill panels Infill loading from BS 6399 Part 1 UDL Point Load (kN/m2) (kN) 0.5 0.25 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 Span limit (mm) for bolt fixed panes with widths greater than 700mm Fort™ FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated 6mm* 8mm* 10mm 12mm 15mm 11.5mm 13.5mm 17.5mm 1400 900 N/A 1800 1500 N/A 2150 1800 1200 2450 2050 1650 2900 2450 2050 2100 1750 1150 2400 2050 1600 3000 2500 2150
* 6mm Fort™ and 8mm FortPlus™ will not be suitable if the free path perpendicular to the barrier is larger than 1.5m, since they will not give containment (i.e. remain intact) at Class A of BS 6206.
Full height barriers - In addition to their use in conventional barriers, Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are suitable for full height barriers, i.e. in fully glazed walls above ground floor or overlooking atria, as described in BS 6180. Table 6 gives glass areas, which can be used for any type of 4 edge supported glazing. Larger areas or thinner glass may be used depending on the precise dimensions and position of the glass and whether it has additional support by being part of a ThermoCool™ insulating glass unit. Thicker glass or smaller sizes may be necessary with 2 edge or bolt fixed glazing systems such as ThermoSpan™.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 6 Full height barriers Building use Fort™, FortPlus™ or FortPlus™ Laminated thickness Domestic 6mm Fort™ 8mm FortPlus™ ≥ 10mm FortPlus™ ≥ 11.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated Commercial, excluding shops etc. or places of assembly 6mm Fort™ 8mm FortPlus™ 10mm FortPlus™ 11.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated ≥ 12mm FortPlus™ ≥ 13.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated Shops and similar usage 6mm Fort™ 8mm FortPlus™ 10mm FortPlus™ 11.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated 12mm FortPlus™ 13.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated ≥ 15mm FortPlus™ ≥ 17.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated Playing courts - The safety characteristics, strength and robustness of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated make them ideal for the viewing walls of courts for squash, pelota and trinquette, as well as any other viewing windows for gymnasia and sports halls. PROSPEC SQUASH COURT?? Shop fronts – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated can be used to create shop-front designs to give an impression of space and light. They can be used as simple shop windows or in conjunction with Tempo™ doors or as frameless systems supported by FortPlus™ fins. Fins - FortPlus™ fins are not restricted to shop-fronts, but can be used to stiffen any frameless glazing. Table 7 shows the thickness and depth of FortPlus™ fins to span various floor to ceiling heights when fitted into suitable fin boxes. FortPlus™ Laminated fins are also available. no limit 6.2 N/A 1.8 4.2 no limit 2.4 4.3 6.0 3.8 6.0 no limit Area limit m2
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 7 Fin dimensions Height of fin (m) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Design wind load (N/m2) 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 FortPlus™ fin thickness (mm)/depth (mm) 15/100 15/100 15/110 15/120 15/120 15/125 15/125 15/130 15/140 15/150 15/150 15/150 15/160 15/170 15/180 15/175 15/175 15/180 15/200 19/190 15/200 15/200 19/200 19/200 25/200
Floor panels and stair treads – Table 8 indicates FortPlus™ Laminate thicknesses for floor, stair landings and stair treads. As strength and safety are the main characteristics of FortPlus™ Laminated and when coupled with HansenGlass’ CeraGrit™ product for enhanced slip resistance, it becomes the ideal product to specify for walking on.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 8 Typical floor pane thicknesses Possible glass type and thickness 4 edge supported floor 2 shorter edges only panes supported floor panes point mm x mm annealed FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated udl kN laminated Laminated kN/m2 Domestic 1.5 1.4 30.5mm 27mm 33mm 1000 x 600 Restaurants 2.0 2.7 35.5mm 27mm 39mm Offices 2.5 2.7 35.5mm 27mm 39mm Dance Halls 5.0 3.6 36.5mm 39mm 60mm Stairs 5.0 4.5 1000 x 300 36.5mm 33mm 78mm Notes. The above types and thicknesses of glass are given as examples only. The glass type and thickness will vary with the size of the pane. In some cases, smaller panes will need thicker glass to resist the point load. Each case should be checked. Typical Application Floor Glazing The principles of glazing FortPlus™ Laminated floor panes are shown in Figure 5.
10mm to 25mm heat soaked FortPlus™, depending on load and size. All glass to have flat ground and arrissed edges. Curing Sealant
Loads from BS 6399-1
Size of floor panes
Structure 25mm Minimum bearing
Silicone Sealant
Rubber strip 3-5mm thick, similar in hardness to an ink eraser T, box or solid bar support 50mm Minimum
Rubber strip 3-5mm thick similar in hardness to an ink eraser
Figure 5. Principles of glazing floor panes When a floor pane is also required to give thermal insulation, it can be combined into a ThermoCool™ insulating glass unit. However, the seal and spacer are not capable of sustaining the floor loads in regular use. It is sensible to step the unit as shown in figure 6, so that all the floor loads are transmitted directly from the loaded pane to the structure and floor loads are not transmitted through the unit seal.
All floor loads taken through this bearing surface Glass designed for walking on
Structure
Structure
Soft glazing material Second pane
Figure 6. Principles of floor glazing using ThermoCool™ insulating glass units
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Handling and Storage
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated should be handled with great care at all times. • Stack upright, fully support at the back Stand on wood or felt Store dry at all times Store out of sunlight at all times Check for damage Handle correctly Protect from impact Avoid contamination Correctly stacking and supporting Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated, in a manner which prevents the glass from sagging, helps to avoid breakages. To prevent edge damage, the glass must stand on strips of material softer than glass, such as wood, rubber or felt. Water must not be allowed to reach the edges of stacked glass as it can be drawn between the glass by capillary action and cause damage to the glass surfaces. Glass should be unpacked on arrival at site and checked for conformity to specification. Any damage should be reported immediately. Use protective clothing and equipment (a minimum of gloves, safety shoes and safety glasses). Lift Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated in a safe manner using appropriate equipment. Special care must be taken to protect Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated, especially the edges from impact damage (knocks, abrasions and excessive local pressure) which can cause breakage, scratches, scars, chips or shells. Before use, the glass should again be checked for damage and the size checked with the frame to ensure that the glazing can be carried out as specified. Damaged glass should not be glazed. Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated must be protected from site contamination such as welding spatter, or cementitious or plaster products, or adhesives.
• • •
• • • •
Glazing
The requirements of BS 6262 and BS 8000: Part 7 should be considered.
This publication gives a general description of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminate. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that its use is appropriate for the application and complies with all relevant national and local legislation, standards and codes of practice and any other requirements. Hansen Glass Processing Limited hereby disclaim all liability howsoever arising from any error or omission from this publication and of all consequences of relying on it. Fort™, FortPlus™, FortPlus™ Laminated, ThermoSpan™, ThermoCool™, Tempo™, Ceramalite™, CeramalitePlus™, Ceraphic™, and CeraGrit™ are all trade marks of Hansen Glass Processing Ltd.
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hansen glass processors
Product Range
• ThermoSpan™ Structural Glazing • Fort™ and FortPlus™ Toughened Glass • Tempo™ Toughened Glass Doors and Entrance Assemblies • Thermocool™ Insulating Glass Units • Ceramalite™ Enamelled Spandrel Panels • Ceraphic™ Screen Printed Glass
Services
• Glass Processing • Contract Co-ordination • Site Deliveries • ThermoSpan™ Detailing • Technical Support • After Sales Support
Market Sectors
• Commercial • Leisure • Community and Amenity • Retail • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities • Manufacturing • Institutions • Military
Technical Services
• Glass Stress Calculations • Thermal Stress Calculations • Glass Environmental Properties • Glass Acoustics Advice
Technical Advisory Service (TAS) available at all Group Companies
HansenGroup Mission:
To be the Company in the industry above all others • from whom our customers choose to buy • with whom people choose a career • in whom the professionals have confidence • whom manufacturers choose to distribute their product.
HansenGlass
Hornhouse Lane Kirkby Merseyside United Kingdom Tel: (44) 0151 545 3000 Fax: (44) 0151 545 3003 Email: [email protected]
HansenGroup
Greengate Industrial Park Greenside Way Middleton M24 1SW United Kingdom Tel: (44) 0161 653 3030 Fax: (44) 0191 653 3031 Email : [email protected]
HansenGlass
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Introduction
HansenGlass provides three solutions – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated when specifying or using glass in critical risk areas or high performance applications such as:
balustrading, stair treads and landings; canopies and overhead glazing; commercial entrances; doors and side panels; floor panels, glass shower/ changing cubicles; glass fins; glass vanity tops and shelving; louvers, brise soleil and glazed feature elements; partitions; squash courts; street furniture; splash backs; structural (bolted) glazing and wall cladding
Fort™ is a high quality toughened glass available in thicknesses from 4mm to 6mm. FortPlus™ is a high quality toughened glass available in thicknesses from 8mm to 25mm. FortPlus™ Laminated comprises Fort™ and/or FortPlus™ toughened glasses with CIP (cast-in-place) polyester resin interlayer. Alternatively, HansenGlass can also supply pvb laminate interlayers. Thicknesses in both product types are to suit the appropriate design performance criteria. All products are available in a wide variety of glass types which include: • • • • • • Clear float glass Low iron float glass Tinted float glass Hard coated low E glass Hard coated solar control glass Patterned glass
Fort™ conforms to BS EN 12150, BS 6206 Class A and BS EN 12600 Class 1(C)3. FortPlus™ conforms to BS EN 12150, BS 6206 Class A and BS EN 12600 Class 1(C)1. FortPlus™ Laminated conforms to BS EN 12543, BS 6206 Class A and BS EN 12600 Class 1(B)1.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Advantages
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Suitable for use in applications requiring safety and strength Fully tested and conform to British and International Safety Standards and Building Regulations. Provide Class A safety impact performance to BS 6206 for use in all critical locations. FortPlus™ Laminated gives additional safety characteristics. Four to five times stronger than ordinary glass. Available as heat soaked toughened glass for added confidence in use. Single toughened glass breaks safely into small, blunt edged fragments which reduces the risk of injury and can also be held in place with a laminate interlayer. Highly resistant to temperature changes and temperature differentials – ideal for use where there are thermal stress requirements. Four decades of proven manufacturing success, utilising a range of thicknesses from 4mm to 25mm. Available in a wide range of glass types from all the major basic glass manufacturers. Supported by a comprehensive technical advisory service to give guidance on optimum use of the products. Can be used in ThermoSpan™, ThermoCool™ and Tempo™ product ranges. For additional safety characteristics, available in cast-in-place and pvb laminated versions. High visual clarity. Kite marked products.
Product Description
Fort™ and FortPlus™ are manufactured by heating to around 620oC and quenching rapidly to create high compressive stresses at the surfaces with balancing tensile stresses in the centre. This makes Fort™ and FortPlus™ four to five times stronger than ordinary glass of the same thickness, and they break safely, conforming to the requirements of BS 6206 Class A. Their increased strength makes Fort™ and FortPlus™ suitable for many structural applications including balustrade panels, full height glazed partitions and ThermoSpan™ structural glazing. Fort™ and FortPlus™ heat soaked toughened glass are available for use in ThermoSpan™ structural glazing and where otherwise specified.
FortPlus™ is used in Tempo™ frameless glass door assemblies. Standard door blanks and fully fitted assemblies are available utilising Dorma Glass, Geze Glass Design and door fittings from other major manufacturers.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Heat soaked toughened glass is used to minimise the risk of spontaneous breakage due to nickel sulphide (NiS) inclusions, which occur naturally in glass. It is recommended that Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated heat soaked toughened glass are used in overhead glazing and balustrade panels. FortPlus™ Laminated is available with cast-in-place (CIP) interlayer or pvb interlayer. The CIP interlayer uses a chemically cured polyester resin poured between two or more panes of glass spaced apart and sealed around the edge with a double-sided tape. FortPlus™ Laminated made with pvb is limited to 3 plies (2 panes of glass with one interlayer) and using panes of FortPlus™ no more than 12mm thick. Through heat and pressure the pvb sheet bonds the glasses together.
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are available with Ceraphic™ translucent screen printed enamel - a range of decorative glasses incorporating solar control and glare reduction properties. Cerocco sandblasting is also available. These two decorative processes are an ideal way to provide privacy, diffuse lighting, manifestation, corporate logos, messages etc. CeraGrit™ is a process that gives enhanced non-slip characteristics and is ideal for floor panels and stair treads. When utilised in laminate construction for stair treads and landing panels the lower panel can be screen printed or sandblasted for additional modesty. Maximum sizes: 4600mm x 2440mm CeraphicTM Cerocco 3000mm x 2250mm These two processes can be applied to any clear or tinted float glass and selected patterned glasses. With Ceraphic™, non-standard single colours can be provided, although a minimum quantity of ceramic ink will be required. Other designs and cover percentages, up to 100% and graduated cover, can be produced. With both processes specific, decorative and corporate designs can be produced from appropriate drawings or artwork. Enquiries should be submitted for review.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Ceraphic™ standard images Micropoint 4 - 4 mm white points in a 5 spot pattern at 6.4 mm centres giving 31% cover. Micropoint 6 - 6 mm white points in a 5 spot pattern at 8.5 mm centres giving 39% cover. Micropoint Contour 4 - 4 mm clear points in a 5 spot pattern at 6.4 mm centres on a white background giving 69% cover. Micropoint Contour 6 - 6 mm clear points in a 5 spot pattern at 8.5 mm centres on a white background giving 61% cover.
Microline 5/5 and Microline 10/10 - 5 mm white lines with 5 mm gaps or 10 mm white lines with 10 mm gaps, both giving 50% cover.
Microline 10/5 and Microline 5/10 - 10 mm white lines with 5 mm clear lines giving 67% cover or 5 mm white lines with 10 mm clear lines giving 33% cover.
Ceraphic™ and Cerocco can be used to resolve manifestation concerns in relation to Safety Standards and Building Regulations.
Product Performance
Heat soaked toughened glass
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are available as heat soaked thermally toughened glass. The heat soaking processes are: • • prEN 14179 where the glass temperature at all points is held for a minimum of 2 hours at 290 ± 10oC, designed to reduce the incidence of inclusion breakages to less than 1 in 400 tonnes of glass DIN 18516-4 where the oven air temperature is held for 8 hours at 290 ± 10oC, designed to reduce the incidence of inclusion breakages to less than 1 in 400 tonnes of glass
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Technical Description
Normal Dimension Limits Fort™ 4mm maximum size 5mm maximum size 6mm maximum size Minimum size Aspect ratio: 4 & 5mm 6mm FortPlus™ 8mm to 15mm maximum size 19mm maximum size 25mm maximum size Minimum size Aspect ratio 8mm ≥10mm FortPlus™ Laminated Maximum size Minimum size Aspect ratio Tolerance on dimensions Fort™ or FortPlus™ up to 1m over 1m diagonal difference FortPlus™ Laminated up to 1m over 1m and up to 3m over 3m diagonal difference edge step Drilled hole sizes Minimum diameter Maximum diameter ± 1mm ± 2mm ≤4mm ± 1.5mm ± 2.5mm ± 3mm ≤4mm ≤4mm thickness of glass 50mm 2500mm x 1500mm 3100mm x 1900mm 4000mm x 2400mm 450mm x 350mm maximum 8:1 maximum 12:1 4600mm x 2440mm 10.5m2 (up to 4600mm long or 2440mm wide) 8m2 (up to 4000mm long or 2440mm wide) 450mm x 350mm maximum 12:1 maximum 20:1 4600mm x 2440mm 450mm x 350mm Dependent on constituent Fort™ or FortPlus™ glass Safety Sound Reduction Depending on construction Fort™ 4mm Fort™ 6mm FortPlus™ 10mm FortPlus™ 12mm FortPlus™ Laminated 13.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated 19.5mm Distortion limits Bow Roller wave and edge dip: Fort™ Roller wave Edge dip FortPlus™ Roller wave Edge dip Weight Maximum weight Fort™ or FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated Strength and Deflection Allowable stress Allowable glass deflection Class A to BS 6206 RW 29 31 33 34 37 39 Ctr -3 -3 -3 -2 -3 -3
2mm/m length 4mm 5mm 6mm 0.3mm 0.2mm 0.15mm 0.5mm 0.3mm 0.25mm 8-10mm ≥12mm 0.10mm 0.05mm 0.25mm 0.25mm 2.5kg/m2 for every mm thickness of glass 500kg 1000kg 59 N/mm2 L/65 at design load
Tolerance on drilled holes Diameter ± 1mm Position relative to datum ± 2mm FortPlus™ Laminated misalignment ≤3mm Tolerance on notches and cutouts Dimensions ± 2mm Position relative to datum ± 2mm FortPlus™ Laminated misalignment ≤4mm Thickness tolerance Fort™ and FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated as BS EN 572 sum of component glass thickness plus 0.5mm per interlayer
Thermal Insulation Depending on construction U value
Solar and Optical Performance Depending on construction: Light transmission 89% to 5% Solar direct energy 82% to 6% Total solar energy 85% to 29%
5.3 - 5.6 W/m2K
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Processing Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated must not be cut or worked after manufacture. Four types of edgework and many configurations of holes, cutouts and notches can be provided.
belt or wheel finish as cut
The arrissed edge is the simplest type of edgework and consists of removing the sharp edges from as cut glass.
flat ground
Ground edges give a flat profile with a smooth arriss, both of which may have un-ground areas.
flat ground
Smooth edges give a flat profile with a smooth arriss.
polished
Polishing further refines the edge appearance.
FortPlus™ Laminated has ground, smooth or polished edges.
All glass thicknesses from 4mm to 25mm can be drilled. The diameter of the holes should be not less than 10mm and not less than the thickness of the glass up to a maximum of 50mm. Holes should not be positioned too close to a corner, to an edge or to each other, in accordance with the minimum distances shown in figure 1. The tolerance on hole diameter is ± 1mm and the positional tolerance is ± 2mm in relation to the datum.
t = glass thickness 2t > 2.5t x > 2t
4t no holes in this area
x + y > 6t y > 2t 2t
Figure 1. Hole positioning
Where there are complex configurations, e.g. more than eight holes in a pane, or more than two holes in close proximity, or non-rectangular corners, enquiries should be submitted.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
x B a X L z
Many configurations of cutouts and notches can be supplied, but enquiries must be submitted. Guidance on limiting sizes and positions is given in the diagram. B ≤ a/3; D ≤ a/3; X ≥ L/2; X ≥ B/2; Y ≥ D/2 z ≥ B/2 z ≥ L/2 L ≤ b/3 D ≤ b/3 x ≥ L/2 x ≥ B/2 y ≥ D/2 z ≥ D/2
Y
D y b
Figure 2. Cutout sizes and positions Re-entrant or internal corners must have a minimum radius of 10mm and not less than the glass thickness.
radius (minimum 10 mm) not less than glass thickness
Figure 3. Re-entrant and internal corners Standard door blanks can be manufactured. Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated can be manufactured in various geometric or irregular shapes, based on the supply of • • • appropriate computer files; or accurate scale drawings; or rigid templates – no greater in overall thickness than 12mm and no larger than 1500 x 3000mm
The tolerance on dimensions and hole positions may be higher for complex shapes.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Strength
For normal purposes, the allowable stress of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated is: Short duration loads Long duration loads 59 N/mm2 35 N/mm2
Higher stresses may be allowed in specific designs, e.g. ThermoSpan™.
Appearance
The appearance of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated depends upon the type of glass, the colour and the thickness of the glass. During the toughening process, the heat treatment can produce an overall warp, called bow. The limit on bow for Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated is 2mm/m length (0.2%). While the hot glass is in contact with the rollers during the toughening process, a distortion known as ‘roller wave’ is produced, which may be slightly exaggerated (edge dip) at the end of the pane. Roller wave is generally noticed in reflection. Table 1 Roller wave and edge dip limits Roller wave 0.3mm 0.2mm 0.15mm 0.10mm 0.05mm Edge dip 0.5mm 0.3mm 0.25mm 0.25mm 0.25mm
Fort™ 4mm Fort™ 5mm Fort™ 6mm FortPlus™ 8mm 10mm FortPlus™ ≥ 12mm
and
Glass which is thicker than 8mm may show signs of small imprints in the surface (‘roller pick-up’). The toughening process produces areas of different stress in the cross section of the glass. These areas of stress produce a birefringent effect in the glass, which is visible in polarised light. When toughened glass is viewed in polarised light, the areas of stress show up as coloured zones, sometimes known as ‘iridescence’ or ‘leopard spots’. Polarised light occurs in normal daylight. The amount of polarised light depends on the weather and the angle of the sun. The birefringent effect is more noticeable either at a glancing angle or through polarised spectacles. In FortPlusTM Laminated with a cast-in-place interlayer, although the edge tape is clear, the refractive index of the tape differs to that of the glass and a line appears at the interface of the two materials. Under some lighting conditions the line may display a pale blue interference effect. FortPlus™ Laminated may have small air bubbles around holes, cut outs and the perimeter where the resin joins the edge tape, these should be no larger in size than 1.5mm diameter. A pvb interlayer will also show similar characteristics.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Safety
All Fort™ and FortPlus™ break safely and conform to Class A of BS 6206. Fort™ and FortPlus™ are identified and marked as:
BS
BS
BS
6206
6206
6206
A
A
T
A
T
T
F
T
S
TH
OR
O
RT PL
ER
U
M O SP
Fort™
Sound Reduction
FortPlus™
Fort™ or FortPlus™ used in ThermoSpan™
Table 2 gives examples of sound reduction figures. Table 2 Sound reduction values
Band centre frequency (Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 RW C Ctr 4mm 17 18 16 19 20 22 25 27 28 30 32 33 34 34 31 24 26 29 -2 -3 Sound reduction (dB) for glass thickness
Fort™
6mm 16 19 20 22 24 25 28 30 32 34 35 35 32 26 27 30 33 31 -2 -3
FortPlus™
10mm 24 21 25 23 28 28 31 33 34 33 31 29 30 33 36 37 40 33 -2 -3 12mm 24 29 31 28 29 31 29 33 32 31 32 32 36 39 42 45 47 34 0 -2
N
A
F
FortPlus™ Laminated
13.5mm 25 28 27 27 31 31 33 35 37 37 36 35 37 41 44 47 50 37 -1 -3 19.5mm 24 28 25 30 34 35 36 37 35 34 36 38 41 43 45 49 53 39 -1 -3
Thermal durability
Fort™ and FortPlus™ The mechanical properties of Fort™ and FortPlus™ are unchanged for continuous service up to 250oC and are unaffected by sub-zero temperatures. They are capable of resisting both sudden temperature changes and temperature differentials up to 200 K. FortPlus™ Laminated The maximum working temperature is 100oC for CIP interlayers and 70oC for pvb interlayers.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Applications
Safety – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are ideal for use in the critical locations described in BS 6262: Part 4 and in Building Regulations.
300 mm
1500 mm 800 mm
Critical Locations for Safety Glass
Partitions – because of their safety characteristics and strength, Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are suitable for use in internal partitions up to the size limits given in Table 3. The sizes in Table 3 are for partitions, which are not protecting a drop. Where partitions are also acting as barriers, the size limits are given in Table 6. Table 3 Partition Size Limits 4 edge glazed maximum area Fort™ 4 mm 5 mm 6 mm FortPlus™ 8 mm 10 mm 12 mm ≥ 15 mm FortPlus™ Laminate 13.5mm ≥ 17.5mm 2m2 3m2 4m2 6m2 no limit no limit no limit 2 edge glazed maximum span N/A N/A 1.5m 2.0m 2.6m 3.2m no limit
no limit no limit
3.2m no limit
Barriers and guarding – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated can provide effective barriers complying with BS 6180 and Building Regulations. Free standing barriers - Table 4 indicates the thicknesses of FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated generally appropriate for free-standing glass barriers. The thickness may alter if the top edge of the clamping detail is significantly above or below the floor level.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 4 Free standing glass barriers BS 6399 Part 1 Line Load 0.36 kN/m 0.74 kN/m 1.5 kN/m 3.0 kN/m FortPlus™ Thickness 12mm 15mm 19mm 25mm FortPlus™ Laminated Thickness 13.5mm 17.5mm 21.5mm 25.5mm
Barrier infill panels - Infill panels for barriers can be supplied for attaching through drilled holes to the balusters. Table 5 gives the maximum spans for Fort™ and FortPlus™ bolted infill panels. It is suggested that panels should be limited to less than 2000mm, even though longer panels may be technically within the requirements. Table 5 Span of infill panels Infill loading from BS 6399 Part 1 UDL Point Load (kN/m2) (kN) 0.5 0.25 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 Span limit (mm) for bolt fixed panes with widths greater than 700mm Fort™ FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated 6mm* 8mm* 10mm 12mm 15mm 11.5mm 13.5mm 17.5mm 1400 900 N/A 1800 1500 N/A 2150 1800 1200 2450 2050 1650 2900 2450 2050 2100 1750 1150 2400 2050 1600 3000 2500 2150
* 6mm Fort™ and 8mm FortPlus™ will not be suitable if the free path perpendicular to the barrier is larger than 1.5m, since they will not give containment (i.e. remain intact) at Class A of BS 6206.
Full height barriers - In addition to their use in conventional barriers, Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated are suitable for full height barriers, i.e. in fully glazed walls above ground floor or overlooking atria, as described in BS 6180. Table 6 gives glass areas, which can be used for any type of 4 edge supported glazing. Larger areas or thinner glass may be used depending on the precise dimensions and position of the glass and whether it has additional support by being part of a ThermoCool™ insulating glass unit. Thicker glass or smaller sizes may be necessary with 2 edge or bolt fixed glazing systems such as ThermoSpan™.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 6 Full height barriers Building use Fort™, FortPlus™ or FortPlus™ Laminated thickness Domestic 6mm Fort™ 8mm FortPlus™ ≥ 10mm FortPlus™ ≥ 11.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated Commercial, excluding shops etc. or places of assembly 6mm Fort™ 8mm FortPlus™ 10mm FortPlus™ 11.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated ≥ 12mm FortPlus™ ≥ 13.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated Shops and similar usage 6mm Fort™ 8mm FortPlus™ 10mm FortPlus™ 11.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated 12mm FortPlus™ 13.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated ≥ 15mm FortPlus™ ≥ 17.5mm FortPlus™ Laminated Playing courts - The safety characteristics, strength and robustness of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated make them ideal for the viewing walls of courts for squash, pelota and trinquette, as well as any other viewing windows for gymnasia and sports halls. PROSPEC SQUASH COURT?? Shop fronts – Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated can be used to create shop-front designs to give an impression of space and light. They can be used as simple shop windows or in conjunction with Tempo™ doors or as frameless systems supported by FortPlus™ fins. Fins - FortPlus™ fins are not restricted to shop-fronts, but can be used to stiffen any frameless glazing. Table 7 shows the thickness and depth of FortPlus™ fins to span various floor to ceiling heights when fitted into suitable fin boxes. FortPlus™ Laminated fins are also available. no limit 6.2 N/A 1.8 4.2 no limit 2.4 4.3 6.0 3.8 6.0 no limit Area limit m2
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 7 Fin dimensions Height of fin (m) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Design wind load (N/m2) 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 FortPlus™ fin thickness (mm)/depth (mm) 15/100 15/100 15/110 15/120 15/120 15/125 15/125 15/130 15/140 15/150 15/150 15/150 15/160 15/170 15/180 15/175 15/175 15/180 15/200 19/190 15/200 15/200 19/200 19/200 25/200
Floor panels and stair treads – Table 8 indicates FortPlus™ Laminate thicknesses for floor, stair landings and stair treads. As strength and safety are the main characteristics of FortPlus™ Laminated and when coupled with HansenGlass’ CeraGrit™ product for enhanced slip resistance, it becomes the ideal product to specify for walking on.
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength
Table 8 Typical floor pane thicknesses Possible glass type and thickness 4 edge supported floor 2 shorter edges only panes supported floor panes point mm x mm annealed FortPlus™ FortPlus™ Laminated udl kN laminated Laminated kN/m2 Domestic 1.5 1.4 30.5mm 27mm 33mm 1000 x 600 Restaurants 2.0 2.7 35.5mm 27mm 39mm Offices 2.5 2.7 35.5mm 27mm 39mm Dance Halls 5.0 3.6 36.5mm 39mm 60mm Stairs 5.0 4.5 1000 x 300 36.5mm 33mm 78mm Notes. The above types and thicknesses of glass are given as examples only. The glass type and thickness will vary with the size of the pane. In some cases, smaller panes will need thicker glass to resist the point load. Each case should be checked. Typical Application Floor Glazing The principles of glazing FortPlus™ Laminated floor panes are shown in Figure 5.
10mm to 25mm heat soaked FortPlus™, depending on load and size. All glass to have flat ground and arrissed edges. Curing Sealant
Loads from BS 6399-1
Size of floor panes
Structure 25mm Minimum bearing
Silicone Sealant
Rubber strip 3-5mm thick, similar in hardness to an ink eraser T, box or solid bar support 50mm Minimum
Rubber strip 3-5mm thick similar in hardness to an ink eraser
Figure 5. Principles of glazing floor panes When a floor pane is also required to give thermal insulation, it can be combined into a ThermoCool™ insulating glass unit. However, the seal and spacer are not capable of sustaining the floor loads in regular use. It is sensible to step the unit as shown in figure 6, so that all the floor loads are transmitted directly from the loaded pane to the structure and floor loads are not transmitted through the unit seal.
All floor loads taken through this bearing surface Glass designed for walking on
Structure
Structure
Soft glazing material Second pane
Figure 6. Principles of floor glazing using ThermoCool™ insulating glass units
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hansen glass processors Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated toughened glass - For Safety and Strength Handling and Storage
Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated should be handled with great care at all times. • Stack upright, fully support at the back Stand on wood or felt Store dry at all times Store out of sunlight at all times Check for damage Handle correctly Protect from impact Avoid contamination Correctly stacking and supporting Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated, in a manner which prevents the glass from sagging, helps to avoid breakages. To prevent edge damage, the glass must stand on strips of material softer than glass, such as wood, rubber or felt. Water must not be allowed to reach the edges of stacked glass as it can be drawn between the glass by capillary action and cause damage to the glass surfaces. Glass should be unpacked on arrival at site and checked for conformity to specification. Any damage should be reported immediately. Use protective clothing and equipment (a minimum of gloves, safety shoes and safety glasses). Lift Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated in a safe manner using appropriate equipment. Special care must be taken to protect Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated, especially the edges from impact damage (knocks, abrasions and excessive local pressure) which can cause breakage, scratches, scars, chips or shells. Before use, the glass should again be checked for damage and the size checked with the frame to ensure that the glazing can be carried out as specified. Damaged glass should not be glazed. Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminated must be protected from site contamination such as welding spatter, or cementitious or plaster products, or adhesives.
• • •
• • • •
Glazing
The requirements of BS 6262 and BS 8000: Part 7 should be considered.
This publication gives a general description of Fort™, FortPlus™ and FortPlus™ Laminate. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that its use is appropriate for the application and complies with all relevant national and local legislation, standards and codes of practice and any other requirements. Hansen Glass Processing Limited hereby disclaim all liability howsoever arising from any error or omission from this publication and of all consequences of relying on it. Fort™, FortPlus™, FortPlus™ Laminated, ThermoSpan™, ThermoCool™, Tempo™, Ceramalite™, CeramalitePlus™, Ceraphic™, and CeraGrit™ are all trade marks of Hansen Glass Processing Ltd.
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hansen glass processors
Product Range
• ThermoSpan™ Structural Glazing • Fort™ and FortPlus™ Toughened Glass • Tempo™ Toughened Glass Doors and Entrance Assemblies • Thermocool™ Insulating Glass Units • Ceramalite™ Enamelled Spandrel Panels • Ceraphic™ Screen Printed Glass
Services
• Glass Processing • Contract Co-ordination • Site Deliveries • ThermoSpan™ Detailing • Technical Support • After Sales Support
Market Sectors
• Commercial • Leisure • Community and Amenity • Retail • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities • Manufacturing • Institutions • Military
Technical Services
• Glass Stress Calculations • Thermal Stress Calculations • Glass Environmental Properties • Glass Acoustics Advice
Technical Advisory Service (TAS) available at all Group Companies
HansenGroup Mission:
To be the Company in the industry above all others • from whom our customers choose to buy • with whom people choose a career • in whom the professionals have confidence • whom manufacturers choose to distribute their product.
HansenGlass
Hornhouse Lane Kirkby Merseyside United Kingdom Tel: (44) 0151 545 3000 Fax: (44) 0151 545 3003 Email: [email protected]
HansenGroup
Greengate Industrial Park Greenside Way Middleton M24 1SW United Kingdom Tel: (44) 0161 653 3030 Fax: (44) 0191 653 3031 Email : [email protected]
