foundations of Education

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Foundations of Education
Technology and Equity
By: Camille Marie B. Urbano, RN
Equity is justice according to natural law or right,
specifically freedom from bias or favoritism.
Technology is a capability given by the practical
application of knowledge. The specialized aspects of a
particular field of endeavor (educational technology).
The issue of equity, which focuses on the disparities
among, “age, gender, ethnicity, race, and geographic
location…” (Gorski, 2001) is a vital aspect of technology
that needs to be addressed as its use expands.

One of three goals of the EETT program address closing
the digital divide.
EETT Program Goal
To assist every student in crossing the digital divide by
ensuring that every student is technologically literate by
the time the student finishes the eighth grade, regardless
of the student's race, ethnicity, gender, family income,
geographic location, or disability.


Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008

Trends show that while access to technology has
increased over the years, the amazing advantage it has
created for some users has been offset by the
availability, usability, and bias issues it has created for
others.

Provides new federal grants to address the digital divide
at minority-serving colleges and universities institutions.

Equity factor in Technology

Provides $650 million in additional funding to the
Enhancing Education through Technology (Ed Tech)
Program.

Main Concerns


Access
Traditionally defined as proximity to technology,
reports of a population’s “access” to technology
has not considered the way the technology is
used, capabilities of the system, obsolescence
of hardware, ability to purchase software, or
other relevant issues for effective comparison.



Gender gap
A main concern in schools is the gender gap
that exists in the use of computer technology.



Age disparities
Age accounts for the highest gap in access and
productive use of the internet.

Relevant Laws


Telecommunications Act of 1996

Section 524 offers qualifying schools, school districts,
and libraries with low SES and urban or rural status
discounted telecommunication services.
The E-Rate program is funded by a Universal Service
fee charged to telecommunication companies. This fee
supplements the discounted rates of telecommunication
services offered to those that qualify.
As of March 16, 2010, the FCC plans to remove the cap
of $2.25 billion annually.
Section 706 requires the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) to conduct regular inquiries to see
that advanced telecommunications are becoming
accessible.


No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Title II, Part D, Section 2401 establishes the Enhancing
Education Through Technology program.
The Enhancing Education Through Technology (EETT)
program provides funding to state education agencies
for the implementation and retention of effective
technologies to improve student achievement.



American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009

School Inequities
Traditionally recognized school inequities affect the area
of technology as well as other areas:
1. Obsolete or irrelevant technology
2. Limited access to use of technology by both
teachers and students
3. Teachers who are not trained effectively or
consistently in the appropriate use of technology
to meeting instructional goals
4. Use of computers for entertainment or rote
practice rather than a tool for growth and
advancement.

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