Futuristic Nursing

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Futuristic Nursing
The International council of nurses published a full definition of nursing in 1987, followed by this shorter version in 2002. Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individual of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick well in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disables and dying people. Advocacy, promoting of safe environment, research, participation in shaping health and in patient and health system management and education also the nursing role (ICN- 2002). Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on following criteria      Well defined body of specific and unique knowledge. Strong authority by a professionalization. Code of ethics. Professional organization that sets status. Ongoing research. Autonomy.

Extended Role of Nurse ORIGIN:The "nurses’ law", promulgated in 1991, allows nurses to operate nursing care facilities. Ex:-nursing homes, home care, institutions. The opened in 1993 of Taiwan's first registered nursing home, the change-chin foundation of nursing an important milestone in both nursing and long term care in Taiwan. “An extended care facilities is social, personal and supportive services, in addition to medical care needed by individuals who have lost some, or all capacities for self care because of chronic disease disabling physical (or) mental conditions”. -Lee and Estes (1994) THE EXTENDED CAREER ROLES FOR NURSES:The extended career roles of nurses are: • Care giver. • Communicator.

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• Teacher. • Collaborator. • Counselor. • School Health Nurse. • Occupational health nurse. • As administrator. • Change agent. • Military nurse. • Trauma nurse. • Travel nurse. • Nurse reo-archer. • Nurse manager. • Advocate. • Leadership role TRAVEL NURSE Travel nurse is responsible for the safety of patients prior to and during transport to medical care facilities. They perform tasks such as stabilizing critically ill and injured patients through life support means and measures. Our scope of care includes:  Assisting patients with restricted ambulation,  orthopedic injuries,  complex repository needs. Many of our patients require full assist transfers from bed, to chair, to aircraft seat ,I.V fluids, medications, and oxygen therapy can be administered on route.

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NURSE RESEARCHER: Nurses often perform the research to improve client care in a clinical area. So Nurses need to: A) Have some (eg.code of Ethics)awareness of the process and Language of research. B) Be sensitive to issues related to protecting the right of human rights. C) Participate in all stages of research process,(i.e planning, implementation, analysis and reporting) Expanded Role of Nurse New directions for Expanded Role of Nurse In the previous sub-section of this unit, you have learnt that the expanded nursing role goes beyond the traditional nursing role to include additional responsibilities and functions for expanding community nursing services. There is now a worldwide trend to extend the scope of nursing practice. Nursing functions are being expanded in both developed and developing countries. Two major directions are indicated for expansion of nursing role: • > Outward, in order to extend nursing services to the community in support of primary health care. • Upward, to enable nursing experts to utilize their expertise for direct care of client; the client may be an individual, family, group, or a community seeking health care. Factors which have created a pressing need for expansion of nursing role. Health is now recognized and proclaimed as a fundamental right of the citizen. Promotion of primary health care to achieve the goal of 'Health For All" is a priority of the health care system. Health for all can become a reality at a faster pace if nurses can expand their functions and perform essentials tasks in primary health care e.g. • > Maternal and child health care, including family planning. • > Immunization against common communicable diseases. • > Health education • > Promotion of proper nutrition and • > Management and treatment of minor ailments, common diseases

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The transition of the health care system from a disease-oriented model to a health-oriented model is an emerging trend. This trend is based on a broad concept of health with governments assuming more responsibilities now than the past, for health maintenance, disease prevention and early detection of illness. Specialization is another development which has implications for nursing practice. Specialization is gaining momentum in health and medical sciences. Sophisticated diagnostic, medical and rehabilitative technologies are leading to the expansion of specialty units in several units in several branches of medicine and health care. Specialization in community health field is another development which will involve the care and management of patients with specific health problems and needs. School Health Nursing, Occupational health Nursing; MCH Nursing are examples of this type of specialization. Another factor which has implications for changes in the nursing role and care system, is the need for nursing experts to utilize their expertise for care of the client. Under traditional system of nursing, skilled nurses with expertise in clinical nursing or community nursing had no opportunity for advancement within the practice area; highly talented nurses were removed from direct patient care by promotion to an administrative position. The Nurse Clinician role was proposed when there was need for senior nurse with experience and expertise to retain their clinical role as they moved up the career ladder into supervisory and administrative positions. The traditional career structure in nursing failed to reward clinical skills of nursing staff. Advancement opportunities were available primarily for those who gave up patient care responsibilities. The Nurse Clinician role was in attempt to increase involvement of senior nurses in patient care responsibilities and create opportunities for advancement of nurse within the clinical nursing area. It was proposed that nurse in senior positions should assume patient care responsibilities in addition to the functions performed by them in these positions hence the term expanded role was used. Experienced nurses were thus compelled to practice managerial nursing and clinical nursing was neglected. Whatever the original cadres of the nursing care

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system. It had in the course of time. Failed to recognize or reward nurses with clinical skills and experience. The term Nurse Clinician was first coined by Reiter in the 1960s. She described the nurse Clinician as a master practitioner who was Competent in care, and Knowledgeable about cure. Concepts of advanced nursing: Work schedule with high priority accorded to cure-functions. As nurses became more involved in earning out delegated medical tasks associated with diagnosis and treatments. Daily nursing care of the patient was neglected. Basic needs of the patient e.g. those related to hygiene, nutrition. Exercise were neglected. This situation led to poor nursing care, and a de-humanized and tasks. Patient care comfort and safety received less attention. The Nurse Clinician role evolved to reinforce the role of caring. Supporting and helping patients in meeting their basic needs with due attention paid to curative care aspects. The Nurse Clinician was expected to be expected to be clinically competent in carrying out: Care functions, Cure functions, and Counseling functions. • Care functions include basic and technical nursing care based on the needs of the patient. These functions would encompass palliative care, physical care and protective care. • Cure functions include those activities directly related to medical care, therapeutic regimen and overall clinical nursing management of patients. • Counseling functions include psychological care, teaching patients and families, providing guidance in matters related to health and working with families for restoration and maintenance of health.

Future Trends in Nursing:
Nursing is not a static, unchanging profession, but is continuously growing and evolving as society changes, as health care emphases and method changes a life style change and as nurses themselves change. The current philosophies and definitions of Nursing demonstrates the holistic trends in nursing to address the whole person in all dimensions in health and illness and in interaction with the family and community

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Expansion of Employment Opportunities: Nursing practice trends includes a variety of employment setting in which nurse have greater independence. Nursing therapies are not only drawn from traditional nursing and medicine, spiritual, emotional realms but also expands in alternative and use of natural herbs and vitamins. Nursing in Public Perspective: Any members of society who has been ill/ hospitalized/ visited an emergency department can experience Nursing Care, Nursing is a public health care profession, as frontline health care providers. Nurses practice in all health care settings and constitute the largest members of professional. They are essentialized to provide skilled, knowledgeable care to improve health status of the public health to ensure safe effective quality care. Nursing Impact on Politics and Health Policy: Nurse involvement in politics is receiving greater emphasis in Nursing curriculum professional, organizations and health care settings. The ANA works for the improvement of health standards and the availability of health care services. For all people fosters high standards of Nursing, stimulates and promotes the professional development of Nurses and advances their economic and greater welfare. Individual nurses can influences policy, decisions at all Govt levels, organized Nursing unified efforts, will be critical to enert nurses influence early in the political process. “Healthy People 2010” is a document for public health policy for the new millennium. It outlines goals for vulnerable populations, such as low income groups, minorities and persons with disabilities. Political activism and commitment are a part of professionalism and politics are an important of the delivery of health care. There for the nurse should view politics as a reality that includes the arts of influence, compromise and social interaction. Although Nurses have often success prevented infringement on the professions governance and the future of nursing requirements that nurses individually. No collectively seek greater influence on health care policies offering Nursing practice.

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Evidenced Based Nursing: The importance of using scientific evidence to develop guidelines for nursing care been recognized. By identifying and analyzing the best avoidable scientific evidence , nurses are steadily develop. Guidelines for clinical practice, that are useful nationally and internationally.

Independent Nursing Practice: Advanced practice nurses, such as practitioners and nurse midwifes and increasingly establishing independent, practices in which they diagnose and treat illness, promote health provide well women care and deliver babies. Depending on state certification requirements they may practice collaboration with a physician. The future promises exciting and stimulating changes in the health care delivery system, and the nursing profession faces the challenge of taking an active part. The future image of nurses depends on how quickly and effectively nurses can lose the lethargy that is a major restraining force in their professional growth and development . EXPANDING TECHNOLOGY Every person involved in health care delivery is well aware of the economic, political, professional, scientific, and technologic forces that exert pressures on the system. For example, many nursing activities are already being done by technology. Vital signs will be monitored more accurately by machines than by clinicians. COMPUTER ASSISTANCE Microprocessors are in an astonishingly rapid state of change; a change many may find hard to realize and understand. Every 18 months microprocessors double in speed. Based on present trends, a scholar in this field has predicted that one desktop computer in the year 2020 will be as powerful as all of the computers in Silicon Valley today." Ideas being investigated such as (1) quantum dots and other single-electron devices, (2) molecular computing, (3) nanomechanical logic gates and

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(4) reversible logic gates all are indicators of rapid progress in this area. Every clinician will have to be adept in informatics to participate in the care system. computers become smaller and simpler to operate, they will be as common homes as telephones presently are. Home care, in all likelihood, will dominate to all present types. Computer-assisted client care can reduce error and give certitude to the clinical planning process. It also can be used to evaluate client care. It will be possible to develop methods to assess the quality of performance of each practitioner and the cumulative performance of the staff. A complete audit trail may be kept on each clinician. At the end of the year a performance score for each clinician of every type will be available. Licensure renewal will depend on performance based on national norms rather than some perfunctory protocols. All these developments will lead to the reorganization of hospitals into clinical and nonclinical entities. This approach will conserve considerable nurse time, increase productivity, require more competence, lower the costs charged against the nursing budget, and may reduce the number of employees.

ROBOT NURSING Robots are also being used in clinical settings. At the beginning of 1994, the University of Virginia hospital was reported to have developed robots to conduct blood analyses." The use of robots on intensive care units is not only time- and money-saving, but also cuts down on human exposure to blood borne infection. The blood analyzers have mechanical arms that handle blood specimens so that health care workers have lower exposure.

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The robots also save time, taking only 2 or 3 minutes to perform analyses that normally take 20 minutes. These machines and other new forms of technology will be expensive, but they will pay for themselves in exactitude and in saved personnel time. Furthermore, they will have a 24-hour-a-day, 7-day-a-week availability. Artificial intelligence will emerge and be reliable and productive. All these developments will put in place a strong framework to aid in reducing errors of both commission and omission. Each breakthrough in technology will stimulate further developments and refinements in a continuous panoply of technologic accrual. Remote care will become a norm as devices for assessing clients from a considerable distance become commonplace. As an example, a school of engineering in a large state university has a federally funded project to develop a device that will enable clinicians to palpate clients some hundred or more miles distant as easily as if they were physically present. A fully cybernated system is in the offering.

Telenursing
Telenursing refers to the use of telecommunications and information technology for providing nursing services in health care whenever a large physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses. As a field it is part of telehealth, and has many points of contacts with

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other medical and non-medical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, telemonitoring, etc. Telenursing is achieving a large rate of growth in many countries, due to several factors: the preoccupation in driving down the costs of health care, an increase in the number of aging and chronically ill population, and the increase in coverage of health care to distant, rural, small or sparsely populated regions. Among its many benefits, telenursing may help solve increasing shortages of nurses; to reduce distances and save travel time, and to keep patients out of hospital. A greater degree of job satisfaction has been registered among telenurses. Telenursing can also involve other activities such as patient education, nursing teleconsultations, examination of results of medical tests and exams, and assistance to physicians in the implementation of medical treatment protocols.

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Conclusion Professional degrees are usually regarded by the public as esteemed degrees and are given a higher social rating than academic degrees. Certainly, for the basic biologic and behavioral sciences, the academic degree is the major pathway. However, persons with professional degrees can be most useful when people need care, thus generating respect. Although it is not the only reason, this is a chief reason why physicians, lawyers, and ministers occupy the social status they are given. Futurists agree that research endeavors of the future will embrace several disciplines/professions in the research enterprise, because no one person will have a broad enough knowledge base to investigate the type of questions that have to be addressed. The first nurse to become a Nobel laureate might emerge from this background. The image of nurses as contributors to the scientific domain would be strongly enhanced by such an event.

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References: 1. Getzen TE. Health informatics. New York: John Wiley Sons; 1997. 2. Potter. Perry. Fundamentals of Nursing: Future Trends in nursing. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2006. P: 22-28. 3. Kaur M. Futuristic Nursing. Available from URL: http://www.scribdarticles.com Accessed on: 7/11/2011. 4. Mukherjee KK. Factors in the emergence of nursing as a profession. [serial
online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1999 Dec 25]; 1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www/cdc/gov/ncidoc/EID/eid.htm.

5. Robot nursing [editorial]. INJ 2009;283:628. 6. Telenursing. [editorial] Nightingale Nursing Times 2011.

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Submitted To: Ms. Harpreet Dhatt Lecturer

Submitted By: Sukhpal Singh MSc [N] 1st Year

Submitted On: November 18, 2011.

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Table of contents SNo. 1. 2. Contents Introduction Extended role of nurse  Travel nurse  Nurse Researcher Expanded role of nurse  New directions  Factors creating expanded role of nurses  Specialization  Nurse clinician Future trends in Nursing:  Expansion of employment opportunities.  Nursing in Public Perspective.  Nursing Impact on Politics and health policy  Evidenced Based Nursing  Independent Nursing Practices  Expanding technology  Computer Assistance  Robot Nursing  Telenursing Conclusion References Page No. 1 1-2

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