GK Part 2
Content
Miscellaneous Worlds Geographical Surnames
S.No
Surname
Name
1
Bengal's Sorrow
Damodar River
2
Blue Mountains
Nilgiri Hills
3
City of Sky-scrapers
New York
4
City of Seven Hills
Rome
5
City of Dreaming Spires
Oxford
6
City of Palaces
Kolkata
7
City of Golden Gate
San Francisco
8
City of Magnificent Buildings
Washington D.C.
9
City of Eternal Springs
Quito (S. America)
10
China's Sorrow
Hwang Ho
11
Cockpit of Europe
Belgium
12
Dark Continent
Africa
13
Emerald Isle
Ireland
14
Eternal City
Rome
15
Empire City
New York
16
Forbidden City
Lhasa(Tibet)
17
Garden City
Chicago
18
Gate of Tears
Strait of Bab-el_Mandeb
19
Gate of the Nile
Egypt
20
Granite City
Aberdeen (Scotland)
21
Hermit Kingdom
Korea
22
Key to the Mediterranean
Gibralter
23
Land of Cakes
Scotland
24
Land of Golden Fleece
Australia
25
Land of Maple Leaf
Canada
26
Land of Morning Calm
Korea
27
Land of Midnight Sun
Norway
28
Land of the Thousand Lakes
Finland
29
Land of the Thunderbolt
Bhutan
30
Land of White Elephant
Thailand
31
Land of Five Years
Punjab
32
Land of Thousand Elephants
Laos
Independence Days of Various Countries
SNo
Country
Date
1
Afghanistan
19th August
2
Armenia
28th May
3
Australia
4th January
4
U.S.A.
4th July
5
Bangladesh
16th December
6
Belgium
21st July
7
Brazil
7th September
8
Canada
1st July
9
China
10th October
10
Chile
18th September
11
Colombia
20th July
12
Finland
6th December
13
France
14th July
14
Greece
25th March
15
India
15th August
16
Indonesia
17th August
17
Israel
3rd April
18
Italy
26th March
19
Japan
29th April
20
Korea
15th August
21
Mexico
16th September
22
Myanmar
4th January
23
Maldives
26th July
24
Norway
17th May
25
Philippines
12th June
26
Peru
28th July
27
Poland
3rd May
28
Portugal
5th October
29
Pakistan
14th August
30
Rwanda
5th July
31
Sri Lanka
4th February
32
Switzerland
1st August
Important Days
Important Days
Days
National Youth Day
January 12
Army Day
January 21
Desh Prem Diwas
January 23
International Customs Day
January 26
Republic Day
January 26
Martyrs' Day
January 30
Valentine's Day
February 14
Arunachal Day
February 20
Central Excise Day
February 24
National Science Day
February 28
International Women's Day
March 8
World Consumers Rights Day
March 15
World Disabled Day
March 15
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Racial Discrimination
March 21
World Forestry Day
March 21
World Day for Water
March 22
World Meteorological Day
March 23
Bangladesh Day
March 26
National Maritime Day
April 5
Samta Diwas
April 5
World Health Day
April 7
Railway week
April 10-16
World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day
April 12
Jallianwala Day
April 13
World Heritage Day
April 18
Earth Day
April 22
World Book Day
April 23
Manav Ekta Divas
April 24
May Day (Workers' Day; International Labour Day)
May 1
World Press Freedom Day
May 3
V-E Day
May 8
World Red Cross Day
May 8
Foreign Towns and Industries
Town
Country
Industry
Aberdeen
Scotland (UK)
Granite mining
Abadan
Iran
Oil refineries
Baku
Azerbaijan
Petroleum
Bangkok
Thailand
Shipping
Belfast
N.Ireland (Ulster) Ship-building, linen
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Dairy products
Cadiz
Spain
Cork
Chicago
USA
Gramophone, agricultural implements, meat products
Dhaka
Bangladesh
Jute
Detroit
USA
Automobiles
Dresden
Germany
Optical and photographic instruments
Dundee
Scotland(UK)
Jute, linen
Essex
England (UK)
Engineering works
Geneva
Switzerland
Watches
Glassgow
Scotland(UK)
Machinery, Textiles
Havana
Cuba
Cigars, Sugar
Hollywood
USA
Films
Johannesbourg South A Affrica
Gold mines
Kansas
USA
Meat packing
Leeds
England(UK)
Woollen garments
Los Angeles
USA
Films, Oil mining
Lyons
France
Silk
Melbourne
Australia
Chocolate
Milan
Italy
Silk
New Orleans
USA
Cotton
Northampton
UK
Leather goods
Oporto
Portugal
Wine
Oslo
Norway
Paper
Ottawa
Canada
Paper
Pittsburgh
USA
Iron and Steel
Plymouth
England (UK)
Ship - building
Port Louis
Mauritius
Sugar
Flower Emblems Country Name
Flower Name
Canada
Maple
Japan
Chrysanthemum
France
Lily
Scotland
Thistle
Germany
Cornflower
Spain
Pomegranate
India
Lotus
United Kingdom
Rose
Ireland
Shamrock
First Visitors Invaders The first European invader on Indian soil
Alexander, the Great
The first European to visit China
Marco Polo
The first Chinese Pilgrim who came to India
Fahien
The first British Prime Minister to visit India
Harold Macmillan
The First U.S. President to visit India
D. Elsenhower
The first Soviet Prime Minister to visit India
V.Bulganin
First in the World Field
Person
The First person to land on the moon
Neil A. Amstrong (U.S.A)
The The F Fir irst st to la laun unc ch s se earch arch Sa Sate tell llit ite e o orr ""ar arti tifi fic cia iall m mo oon"
U.S.S .S.S.R .R..
The first man to enter space
Late Maj. Yuri Gagarin (USSR)
The first woman cosmonaut in the world
Valentina Tereshkova
The first Woman Astronant pilot
Lt.Col.Eileen Marie Collin (US)
The first person to float in space
Alexei Leonav (Russia)
The first first A Amer merica ican n astr astrona onaut ut (2 (2nd nd in wo world rld)) to flo floatin atin s spac pace e
Edw Edward ard W Whit hite e
The The fir first st Russi ussian an co cosm smon onau autt to ma mak ke two two sp spac ace e fli fligh ghts ts
La Late te Co Col. l. V Vla ladi dimi mirr K Kom omar arov ov
The The firs firstt Am Amer eric ican an a ast stro rona naut ut tto o ma make ke two two s spa pace ce ffli ligh ghts ts
Gord Gordon on C Coo oope perr (U (U.S .S.A .A.) .)
The first manned space ship longest stay in space for 11 days
Apollo - 7 (U.S.A.)
The firs firstt manned manned spa spaces ceship hip tto o space space fflig light ht ro round und tthe he mo moon on
Ap Apoll ollo o - 8 (U (U.S. .S.A.) A.)
The first space craft to leave solar system
Pioneer - II (U.S.A.)
The first country to launch a cosmic space rocket towards moon
U.S.S.R.
First crew transfer between orbiting space ships
Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 (U.S.S.R.)
The first man to stay long in space
Valery Ryumin
The first space shuttle
Columbia (U.S.A.)
The first woman to command a space shuttle mission (Columbia)
Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
The first tourist to space
Dennis Tito (U.S.A.)
Epithets
1
Bengal's Sorrow
Damodar River
2
Blue Mountains
Nilgiri Hills
3
Britain of the South
New Zealand
4
City of the Golden Gate
San Francisco (USA)
5
City of Dreaming Spires
Oxford (UK)
6
City of Magnificent Distance
Washington, DC, USA
7
City of Sky - Scrapers
New York
8
City of Seven Hills
Rome
9
City of Palaces
Kolkata
10
China's Sorrow
Howang-Ho
11
Cockpit of Europe
Belgium
12
Dark Continent
Africa
13
Eternal City
Rome
14
Emerald Island
Ireland
15
Empire City
New York, U.S.A.
16
Forbidden City
Lhasa, Tibet
17
Garden of England
Kent, England
18
Gate of Tears
Bab-el-mandeb, Jerusalem
19
Garden City
Chicago
20
Gateway of India
Mumbai
21
Gift of the Nile
Egypt
22
Granite City
Aberdeen, Scotland
23
Great Whiteway
Broadway, New York
24
Granery of South India
Tanjore
25
Hearing Pond
Atlantic Ocean
26
Hermit Kingdom
Korea
27
Holy Land
Palestine
28
Island Continent
Australia
29
Island of Cloves
Zanzibar
30
Island of Pearls
Bahrain
31
Key to Mediterannean
Gibraltar
32
Lady with a lamp
Florence Nightangle
33
Land of Lakes
Scotland
Countries their Capitals, Currencies, Principal Languages and Religions
Country
Capital
Currency
Language
Religion
Afghanistan
Kabul
Afghani
Pakhto (Pusthu), Persian
Islam
Albania
Tirana
Lek
Albanian
Religion has been officially abolished
Algeria
Algiers
Dinar
Arabic & French
Islam
Andorra
Andorra Ia Vieille
Franc & French
Catalan, Spanish
Christianity
Angola
Luanda
Kwanza
Portuguese, Bantu
Tribal and Christianity
Antigus and Barbuda
St.John's
EC Dollar
English
Christianity
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Peso
Spanish
Christianity
Australia
Canberra
Australian Dollar
English
Christianity
Austria
Vienna
Euro
German
Christianity
Azerbaijan
Baku
Azeri, Turkish, Russian
Islam
Bahamas
Nassau
Manat Bahamian Dollar
English
Islam & Hindu
The Bahrain
Manama
Dinar
Arabic & English
Christianity
Bangladesh
Dacca
Taka
Bengali & Chakmamagh
Christianity
Barbados
Bridge Town
Barbados Dollar
English
Christianity
Belgium
Brussels
Euro
Dutch French & German
Christianity
Belarus
Minsk
Belarus Ruble (Zaichik)
Belorunian, R Ru ussian ian
Christianity
Belize
Belmopan
Barbados Dollar
English, Spanish
Christianity
Benin
Porto Novo
Franc
French & Tribal Dialects Animism & Islam
Bermuda
Hamilton
Barbados Dollar
English
Christianity
Bhutan
Thimpu
Ngultrum
Dzongkha & Nepali
Buddhism & Hinduism
Bolivia
La Paz
Boliviano
Spanish & Aymara
Christianity
Botswana
Gaborone
Pula
English & Setswana
Christianity
Brazil
Brasilia
Real (BRC)
Portuguese & English
Christianity
Bander Seri
Brunei
Malay, Chinese &
Brunei
Islam
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Kuwait Dinar
Arabic & English
Islam
Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek
Som
Kirghiz, Russian
Islam, Christianity
Laos
Vientiance
Kip
Lao and Tribal
Buddhism & Tribal Islam & Christianity
Lebanon
Beirut
Pound
Arabic
Lesotho
Maseru
Loti
English & Sesotho
Liberia
Monrovia
Liberian Dollar English & Tribal
Christianity & Islam
Libya
Tripoli
Libyan Dinar
Arabic
Islam
Liechtenstein
Vaduz
Swiss Franc
German
Christianity
Luxembourg
Luxembourg Ville (Lutzelburg)
Euro
French & German
Christianity
Madagasear (Malagasy)
Antananarivo
Franc
Malagasy & French
Islam, Tribal and Christianity
Malawi
Lilongwe
Kwacha
English Chichewa
Tribal Islam
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Ringit
Malai & Chinese
Islam & Buddhism
Maldives
Male
Rufiyaa
Divchi
Islam
Mali
Vamako
Franc CFA
French & Bambara Islam & Tribal
Malta
Valletta
Maltese Lira
Maltese & English
Christianity Tribal & Islam Christianity
Christianity and Tribal
Marshal Islands
Dalap-Ul -Uliga-Da -Darrit
Doll lla ar
Marshalese English & Japanese
Mauritania
Nouakchott
Ouguiya
Arabic & French
Islam
Mauritius
Port Louis
Rupee
English, French & Hindustani
Hinduism & Christianity Christianity
Mexico
Mexico City
Peso
Spanish Amerindian Language
Micronesia
Kolonia
US Dollar
English
Christianity
Monaco
Monaco-Ville
Franc
French & Monegasque
Christianity
Mongolia
Ulan Bato
Tugrik
Mongolian
Lamaistse & Buddhism
Montserrat
Plymouth
E.C.Dollar
English
Christianity
Morocco
Rabat
Dirham
Arabic & Berbar
Islam
Mozambique
Maputo
Metical
Portuguese & Bantu
Islam Christianity
Myanmar
Yangoon
Kyat
Burmese & Tribal
Buddhism
Namibia
Windhoek
Rand
English & Afrikaans
Christianity
Nauru
Yarin
Australian Dollar
Nepal
Kathmandu
Nepalese Rupee
Nepali
Hinduism & Buddhism
Netherlands
Amsterdam
Euro
Duch
Christianity
New Z Ze ealand
Wellington
Newzealand Dollar
English & Maori
Christianity
Nicaragua
Managua
Cordoba
Spanish & English
Christianity
Niger
Niamey
Franc
French & Djerma
Islam and Tribal Islam, Christianity & Tribal
Eng Englis lish h & Na Nauru uruan an Chr Christ istian ianity ity
Nigeria
Abuja
Naira
English Hausa Ibo & Yoruba
Norway
Oslo
Kroner
Norwegian
Christianity
Oman
Muscat
Rial Omani
Arabic
Islam
Pakistan
Islamabad
Rupee
Urdu, Sindhi & Punjabi
Islam
Papua New Guinea
Port Morseby
Kina
Melanesian Papuan
Christianity
Parguay
Asuncion
Guarani
Spanish & Guarani Christianity
Peru
Lima
Sol
Spanish & English
Christianity
Philippines
Manila
Peso
Filipino & English
Christianity and Islam
Poland
Warsaw
Zloty
Polish
Christianity
Portugal
Lisbon
Euro
Portuguese
Christianity
Puerto Rico
San Juan
Dollar
Spanish & English
Christianity
Qatar
Doha
Riyal
Arabic & English
Islam
Romania
Bucharest
Leu Rwanda
Romanian & Hungarian
Christianity
Russia
Moscow
Rouble
Russian
Christianity
Rwanda
Kilgali
Franc
French & Kinyarwanda
Tribal & Islam
Apia
Tala
Samoan & English
Christianity
Samoa (Western)
San Marino
San Marino
Italian Lira
Italian
Christianity
Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome
Dobra
Portuguese, Native dialects
Christianity
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Saudi Rial
Arabic
Islam
Senegal
Dakar
Franc
French & Native tongues
Islam, Tribal
Seychelles
Victoria
Rupee
Creole & French
Christianity
Sierra Leone
Freetown
Leone
English & Tribal
Islam, Christianity & Tribal
Singapore
Singapore City
Singapore Dollar
Malay & Chinese
Buddhism and Islam
Slovakia
Bratislava
Koruna
Slovak & Magyam
Christianity & Jews
Slovenia
Ljublijana
Tolar
Slovenian & Serbo-Croatian
Christianity
Solomon
Honiara
Engl Englis ish h & Pid Pidgin
Chris hristi tian anit ity y
Solomon Dollar
Somalia
Mogadishu
Schilling
Somali & English
Islam
South Africa
Cape Town
Rand
Afrikaans & English
Christianity
Spain
Madrid
Euro
Spanish
Christianity
Sri Lanka
Sri Jayewardenepura Rupee Kotte
Sinhala & Tamil
Buddhism & Hinduism
St. Kitts Nevis
Basseterre
E.C.Dollar
English & Patois
Christianity
St.Lucia
Castries
E.C.Dollar
English & French Patois
Christianity
English French Patois
St.Vincent and Grena Dines
Kingstown
E.C.Dollar
Sudan
Khartoum
Sudanese Pound
Arabic & English
Islam, Christianity & Tribal
Suriname
Parmaribo
Guilder
Dutch & English
Islam & Christianity
Swaziland
Mbabane
Lilangeni
English & Swazi
Christianity and Tribal
Sweden
Stockholm
Krona
Swedish
Christianity
Switzerland
Berne
Swizz Frank
German, French, Italian & Roman
Christianity
Syria
Damascus
Syrian Pound
Arabic & Kurdish
Islam
Christianity
Taiwan
Taipei
New Taiwan Dollar
Mandarin Chinese
Buddhism & Confucianism
Tanzania
Dodoma
Schilling
Kiswahili & English
Christianity & Islam
Thailand
Bangkok
Baht
Thai, Chinese & English
Buddhism
Togo
Lome
Franc
French (official) & Tribal
Christianity, Tribal & Islam
Tonga
Nuku alofa
pa'anga
English & Tongon
Christianity
Trinidad & Tobago
Port-of-Spain
Trinitob Dollar English
Tunisia
Tunis
Dinar
Arabic (official) & French
Islam
Turkey
Ankara
Turkesh Lira
Turkish & Arabic
Islam
Turkmenistan
Ashkhabad
Manat & Rouble
Turkm urkme e & Ru Russ ssian ian
Isla Islam m
Tuvalu
Funafuti
Australian
Tuvaluan &
Dollar
English
Christianity
Christianity
U.A.E.
Abu Dhabi
Dirham
Arabic
Islam
Uganda
Kampala
Uganda Shilling
Englis Eng lish h & Luga Luganda nda Trib ribal al and Is Islam lam
Ukraine
Kiev
Karbovanets
Ukrainian, Russian
Christianity and Islam
United Kindom
London
Euro
English, Welsh & Scots
Christianity
U.S.A.
Washington
Dollar
English
Christianity
Volta
Ouagadougou
Franc
French & Native Languages
Tribal & Islam
Uruguay
Montevideo
Nuevo Peso
Spanish
Christianity
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Ruble & Som
Uzbem & Russian
Islam
Vanuatu
Villa
Vatu
English & Pidgin
Christianity
Vatican City
Vatican City
Lira
Italian & Latin
Christianity
Venezuela
Caracas
Bolivar
Spanish
Christianity
Vietnam
Hanoi
Dong
Vietnamese
Buddhism & Taoism
Yemen (N)
Sana'a
Rial & Dinar
Arabic
Islam
yugoslavia
Belgrade
Dinar
Serbocroatian
Christianity
Zaire
Kinshasa
Zaire
French & Kiswahili Christianity & Animism
Zambia
Lusaka
Kwacha
Bantu & English
Christianity & Islam
Zimbabwe
Harare
Dollar
English & Shona
Tribal & Christianity
Books and Authors 501 Year of the Upheaval
Henry Kissinger
502 Yesterday and Today
K.P.S Menon
503 You Can Win
Shiv Khera
Big Oceans and Seas of the World (Seas) Name
Area (Sq.km)
Average Depth
South China Sea
2,974,600
5,514
Malay
81,43,100
1,200
Caribbean
27,53,170
7,492
Mediterranean
25,03,900
4,846
Bering
22,68,200
5,121
Gulf of Mexico
15,43,000
4,377
Sea of Okhotsk
15,27,000
3,475
East China Sea
12,49,000
2,999
Hudson Bay
12,32,200
259
Sea of Japan
10,07,700
3,743
Andaman Sea
7,97,600
865
North Sea
5,75,300
661
Black Sea
4,62,000
2,243
Red Sea
4,37,000
2,246
Baltic
4,22,300
439
Gulf of St Lawrence
2,37,760
120
Gulf of California
1,62,000
810
Big Oceans and Seas of the World (Oceans)
Name
Area (Sq.Km)
Greatest known depth in feet
Place of greatest known depth
Pacific
16,52,40,000
35,410
Off Mindanao
Atlantic
8,23,60,000
30,143
Puerto Rico Trench
Indian
7,35,50,000
22,968
Off Sunda Trench
Arctic
1,39,80,000
17,850
Sumatra-Jawa
14,435
Matapan
Mediterranean 1,142,000
Biggest Highest Largest Longest in the World
Animal, Tallest
Giraffe
Archipelago L La argest
Indonesia
Bird, Fastest
Swift
Bird, Largest
Ostrich
Bird, Smallest
Humming Bird
Brid Bridge ge,, L Lon onge gest st Ra Rail ilwa way y
Hu Huey ey P.L .Lon ong g B Bri ridg dge, e, Loui Louisi sian ana a (U (U.S .S.A .A.) .)
Buildi Bui lding, ng, Tallest allest in tthe he wo world rld
Teipei eipei 10 101, 1, T Taiw aiwan an
Ca Cana nal, l, L Lon onge gest st IIrr rrig igat atio iona nall
Th The e Kal Kalak akum umsk sky y ca cana nall
Canal, Longest
Suez canal
Capital, Highest
La Paz (Bolivia)
City, Biggest in area
Mount Isa (Australia)
City City,, La Larg rge est in popu pula lati tio on
Tokyo kyo
City, Costliest
Tokyo
City, Highest
Van Chuan (China)
Continent, Largest
Asia
Continent, Smallest
Australia
Country, Biggest (Area)
Russia
Co Count untry ry,, Large Largest st (pop (populat ulation ion)) Chi China na Co Count untry ry,, La Large rgest st ((ele electo ctora rate) te)
Ind India ia
Creature, Largest
Blue Whale
Delta, Largest
Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)
Desert, Largest (World)
Sahara (Africa)
Desert, Largest (Asia)
Gobi
Dam, Largest
Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.)
Dam, Highest
Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)
Diamond, Largest
The Cullinan
Dome, Largest
Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)
Epic, Largest
Mahabharat
Ir Irri riga gatio tion n Sc Sche heme me,, Large Largest st
Ll Lloy oyd d Bar Barra rage ge,, Suk Sukkh khur ur (P (Pak akis ista tan) n)
Island, Largest
Greenland
Sea, Largest
Mediterranean Sea
Lake, Deepest
Baikal (Siberia)
La Lak ke, La Larrges estt (Art (Artif ific icia ial) l)
La Lak ke Me Mead ad (B (Bo oul ulde derr Dam) am)
Worlds Prominent Scientists Ryle, Sir Martin: U.K. Martin: U.K. (1974) Nobal Prize winner in Physics for the development of "aperture synthesis" technique designed to identify stellar objects through radio signals. Sarabhai, Dr. Vikram A: Former A: Former Chairman of India's Atomic Energy Commission and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) died on December 30, 1971. Dr. Sarabhai was an eminent physicist mainly interested in the astro-physical implications of Cosmic Ray Time Variations Sanger, Dr. Frederick (b.1918): First (b.1918): First Scientist to receive two Nobel Prizes for Chemistry in 1958 (composition of the insulin molecule) and in 1980 (molecular structures for nucleic acids) Sen, P.K. (Dr.): is (Dr.): is the Indian surgeon who performed Asia's first heart transplant operation in Mumbai. Simpson, Sir James Young (1811 - 1870): British 1870): British physicist to introduce chloroform as an anaesthetic in 1847 Soddy, Frederick (1877 - 1956): 1956): British British radio chemist pioneer to research in the atomic disintegration, discovered discovered "isotopes"; for which he received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1921. Solvay, Earnest (1838 - 1922): Belgian 1922): Belgian chemist devised a process for manufacture of sodium carbonate Sutherland, Dr. Earl W: Recipient W: Recipient of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1971, credited with the discovery discover y, "that the hormones in the human body produce another substance known as cyclic A.M.P., can influence its disease-resisting capacity in the body". Teller, Edward (Dr.): U.S. (Dr.): U.S. nuclear scientist developed the hydrogen bomb. Thomson, Sir J.J. (1856 - 1940): British 1940): British physicist discovered the electron which inaugurated the electrical theory of the atom. Tsiolkovsky (1857 - 1940): Russian 1940): Russian pioneer who developed the basic theory of rocketry. Verne, jules (1828 - 1905): French 1905): French science-fiction writer; author of the book "From the Earth to the Moon". The book carried a more or less accurate prediction of the launching and flight of Apollo-8. Volta, A. (1745 - 1827): Italian 1827): Italian physicist and pioneer of electrical science; invented voltaic cell, the electrophor electrophorus us and electroscope electroscope.. Voronoff, S: Russian S: Russian scientist known for grafting healthy animal glands, into the human body. body. Watson and Crick:Known Crick:Known for DNA double helix. Watson-Watt, Sir Robert:British Robert: British physicist. He developed radar.
Watt, James (1736 - 1819):Scottish 1819):Scottish engineer who invented steam engine Yukawa, Dr. H: (born H: (born 1907) Predicted a new particle meson which holds the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, first Japanese to win the Nobel Prize in Physics (1949). Alvares, Luis W: An W: An American Won the Nobel Prize for elementary physics in 1960 when he discovered discover ed a new resonance particle - a discovery that shattered the then prevailing notions as to how matter was built. Anfinsen, Dr. Christian B: U.S.A. B: U.S.A. 's one of the three co-winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1972. Archimedes: Greek mathematician who lived about 250 B.C. discovery of the Archimedes' Archimedes: Greek principle Archimedean Screw, a cylindrical device for raising water Arrow, Kenneth, J: Harvard J: Harvard University, University, U.S.A. is co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Economics, 1972 with Sir John Richard Hicks of Oxford University University.. The two men are known for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium and welfare theories. Aryabhatta: (476 - 520 A.D.) after whom India's Aryabhatta: (476 I ndia's first scientific satellite has been named, was a great Indian astronomer and mathematician. Among his important i mportant contributions are the recognition of the importance of the movement of the earth round the Sun, determination of the physical parameters of various celestial bodies, such as diameter of the earth and the moon. He laid the foundations of algebra and was responsible for pointing out importance of "zero". Avogadro, Amedeo: Italian Amedeo: Italian physicist; founder of Avogadro's hypothesis. He also defined a molecule. He lived between 1776 and 1856. Bardeen, Prof. John: U.S.A.'s John: U.S.A.'s co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, 1972 (with Prof. Leon N.Cooper and Prof. John Robert Schrieffer) for researches into the "theory of superconductivity" called BCS theory. Barnard, Christian South Christian South African surgeon who did the first heart transplant operation on Louis Washkansky in 1967. Beadle, Dr. G: American G: American scientist awarded Nobel Prize for medicine in 1958 for the actual basis of heredity. Becquerel, Henri: French Henri: French physicist discovered in 1896 of Becquerel rays, the first indications of radio-activity; later named gamma rays. He shared Nobel Prize for Physics with the Curies in 1903. He lived between 1852 and 1908. Berzelius, J.J: Swedish J.J: Swedish Chemist, known for chemical shorthand symbols and atomic weights. He lived between 1779 and 1848 Bessemer, Sir Henry: English Henry: English engineer invented the process for the manufacture of steel. He lived between 1813 and 1898. Bhabha, Dr. H.J: Indian H.J: Indian scientist. He published important papers on Cosmic Rays and Quantum Theory. Theory. He was professor at the I ndian Science Institute, Bangalore; Chairman, Atomic Science Energy Commission; Director Director, Tata IInstitute nstitute ofAtoms Fundamental Research; President, Indian Congress in 1951 and, presided at the for Peace Conference held at Geneva in 1956. He had many significant researches in structure of atom and contributed
largely to the setting up of atomic reactors at Tromb Trombay ay (Mumbai). Bohr, Neils: (born Neils: (born 1885) Danish Physicist awarded Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. He extended the theory of atomic structure of devising an atomic model in 1913 Boyle, Robert: Irish Robert: Irish natural philosopher; one of the founders of modern chemistry and Boyle's law. He lived between 1627 and 1691. Bragg. Sir William: British William: British physicist researched on the behaviour of crystals with regard to Xrays incident upon them. He lived between 1862 and 1942. Cavendish, Henry: English Henry: English physicist and chemist; discovered proper properties ties of hydrogen in 1766. He lived between 1731 and 1810 Chadwick, Sir James: British James: British physicist discovered the particle in an atomic nucleus known as the neutron, because it has no electric charge. He lived between 1891 and 1974. Charles, Jacques Alexander Cesar: A Cesar: A French scientist first to make a balloon ascension with hydrogen. hydroge n. He has worked on the effect of temperature on the volume of gases. He lived between 1746 and 1823.
Clark Maxwell, James: James: British physicist worked wireless telegraphy and telephony . His and principal works include : British Perception of Colour Colour, , Colour Blindness, Theory of telephony. Heat, Electricity Magnetism, Matter and Motion. He lived li ved between 1831 and 1879. Claude, Albert: A Albert: A Biologist shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Medicine. His field of research relates to causes and treatment of cancer. Columbus, Christopher: Italian Christopher: Italian navigator discover discovered ed West Indies Islands, Cuba, Bahamas, South America in 1498. He lived between 1446 to 1506. Cooper, Leon N: Of N: Of U.S.A. one of the three co-winners of the Nobel prize in Physics, 1972 for theory of superconductivity Copernicus: Astronomer Copernicus: Astronomer of Poland who discovered the "Solar System". He lived between 1413 and 1543. Curie, Madame Marie: Polish Marie: Polish physicist and chemist; discovered radium awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 and Prize in physics in 1903, lived between 1867 and 1934. Dalton, John: British John: British scientist, founder of the t he Atomic Theory and law of Multi Multiple ple Proportions. He lived between 1766 and 1844. Darwin, Charles: British Charles: British scientist who discovered the principle of natural selection. He lived between 1809 and 1882. Davy, Sir Humphrey: British Humphrey: British chemist. First to apply electric current for the isolation of metals. He lived between 1771 and 1829. Debreu, Gerard: 1983 Gerard: 1983 Nobel memorial prize in economics, is known for his research on market equilibrium incorporated "new analytical methods into economic theory". Delbrueck, Dr. Max: American Max: American doctor, doctor, was one of the three American co-winners of the Nobel
Prize for Medicine, 1969 for discoveries in molecular genetics Edelman, Dr. Gerald Maurice: Of Maurice: Of U.S.A. is co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1972 found out "the chemical structure of blood-proteins or antibodies which shield the human body against infection". Edison, Thomas Alva: American Alva: American inventor of phonograph, the incandescent lamp, a new type of storage battery, an early form of cinematography etc. He lived between 1847 and 1931. Einstein, Prof. Albert: German-Swiss, Albert: German-Swiss, famous scientist known for his theory of relativity relativity.. He lived between 1879 and 1955. Faraday, Michael: English Michael: English scientist; prominent in the field of electro-magnetism; discovered the laws of electrolysis. He lived between 1791 and 1867 Fleming, Sir John Ambrose: British Ambrose: British physicist and engineer pioneer in the development of the telephone, electric light and radio. He lived between 1849 and 1945. Fraunhofer: German physicist researched on 'Light' while performing spectrum-analysis of Fraunhofer: German Sunlight; discovered 'Fraunhofer Lines'.
Freud, Sigmund: Sigmund: Psycho-analysist. Works: The the Interpretation of Dreams; Psychopathology Psychopatholo gy of Psycho-analysist. Every-day Life; The Ego and Id; Civilization and Its The Discontents. He lived between 1856 and 1939 Gabor, Dr Dennis: 1971 Dennis: 1971 Nobel Prize award for Physics for his "invention in developme development nt of the holographic method" - three dimensional photography. Galileo: Italian scientist viewed that all falling bodies, great or small, descend with equal Galileo: Italian velocity,, invented telescope and became the first man to see the satellites of Jupiter velocity Jupiter.. He lived between 1564 and 1642. Gell-Mann, Prof. Murray: Recipient Murray: Recipient of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics, for his "classification of elementary particles and their interactions". Goddard, Robert H: An H: An American pioneer of space research who mentioned the possibility of shooting a rocket to the moon in a paper entitled "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes" published by him in 1919. Graham, Thomas: Scottish Thomas: Scottish chemist called the "father of colloidal chemistry". He worked on diffusion of substances in solution. He lived between 1805 and 1914. Hahn, Otto: German Otto: German pioneer of nuclear research, won the Nobel Prize Pri ze for Chemistry in 1944, proved in 1938 that atomic fission can be achieved by bombarding uranium with neutrons. Hall, Charles Martin: American Martin: American chemist discovered the modern method of extraction of aluminium by electrolysis of bauxite in 1886. He lived between 1863 and 1914. Harvey, William: English William: English physician who discovered the circulation of blood. He lived l ived between 1578 and 1675 Herzberg, Dr.Gebard: The Dr.Gebard: The 1971 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry Chemistry,, for his researches in atomic
and molecular structures, particularly free radicals. Holley, Robert: Nobel Robert: Nobel Prize winner for Medicine, 1968, the genetic code and its function in in building protein led to the discovery of "the complete structure of a transfer of RNA molecule" Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland: English Gowland: English biochemist worked on proteins and vitamins. He received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1929 for the discovery of Vitamin D. Hoyle, Fred: A Fred: A British scientist and science-fiction writer who won the £ 1,000 Kalinga Prize in 1968. Jenner, Edward: English Edward: English physician discovered the vaccination system of alleviating small pox. He lived between 1749 and 1823. Josephson Dr. Brian: British Brian: British scientist who co-shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for physics for his "theoretical predictions of the properties of a super-current through a tunnel barrier barrier,, known as Josephson effects". Joule, James Prescott: English Prescott: English physicist who first demonstrated the mechanical energy can be converted into heat. He lived between 1874 and 1937.
Kepler, Johannes: Johannes: German German discovere discovered 3 laws planetary motion The orbit of each planet is an ellipse with astronomer the Sun at one of thedfoci; (2)of the Radius vector of(1) each planet describes equal areas in equal times; (3) The squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their mean distances from the Sun. He lived l ived between 1571 and 1630. Khorana, Hargobind: Who Hargobind: Who shared with two other oth er the 1968 Nobel Prize for Medicine is an Indian by birth and an American by domicile. He deciphered the genetic code and later created an artificial gene. Krishnan, Dr. K.S: (born K.S: (born 1898) collaborated with Sir C.V.Raman in the discovery of "Raman Effect". President, Indian Science Congress, 1949, delegate to several international scientific conferences; Director, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi. Lavoisier A.L: French A.L: French chemist; established "law of Indestructibility of Matter Matter,, Composition of Water and Air". He lived between 1743 and 1794. Lister, Joseph: British Joseph: British surgeon who used antiseptic treatment for wounds; introduced antiseptic surgery. He lived between 1827 and 1912. Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph: British Joseph: British physicist, known for his researches on radiation, and the relation between matter and ether. He lived between 1851 and 1940. Lysenko: Soviet Lysenko: Soviet geneticist declared the "Mendelian theory obsolete and erroneous" in 1948. Marconi: Italian scientist pioneer in wireless telegraphy and radio Marconi: Italian radio.. He lived between 1873 and 1937. McClintock, Barbara: 1983 Barbara: 1983 Nobel Prize winner in Medicine for her discovery of mobile genetic. Max Planck: German Planck: German theoretical physicist who formulated the quantum theory. theory. He was
awarded the Nobel Prize in 1918. Mendel, Johann Gregory: Austrian Gregory: Austrian monk and naturalist discovered certain principles of inheritance of heredity. He lived between 1822 and 1884. Mendeleef, D.I: Russian D.I: Russian chemist, founder of periodic law and the development of petroleum and other industries in Russia. He lived l ived between 1834 and 1901. Meyer, Victor: Discovered Victor: Discovered a method to determine the molecular weights of volatile substances. He lived between 1848 and 1897. Morley, Edward William: American William: American chemist and physicist known for his work in determining the composition of water by weight. He lived l ived in 1818 and 1923. Moseley, Henry G: British G: British physicist worked on atomic structure, and in 1913, devised the series of atomic numbers. He lived between 1887 and 1915. Newton, Sir Isaac: British Isaac: British natural natu ral philosopher discover discovered ed "binomial theorem, the differential and integral calculus and the universal uni versal law of gravitation". He lived between 1642 and 1727. Nirenberg, Dr. Marshall: U.S. Marshall: U.S. molecular biologist 1968 Nobel Prize winner for Medicine with Dr. Robert Holley and Dr. Hargobind Khorana. Ohm, George Simon: Physicist Simon: Physicist and mathematician; discovered the law known as Ohm's Law. He lived between 1787 and 1854. Onsager, Lars: U.S. Lars: U.S. Professor who became a Nobel laureate of 1968 for Chemistry the discovery discover y of "the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" processes".. Paraceisus: Swiss mystic and chemist, he was the first to employ laudanum and antimony in Paraceisus: Swiss Pharmacy. He lived between 1493 and 1541. Pasteur, Louis: French Louis: French chemist discovered the causes of fermentation in alcohol and milk and founded the Pasteur Institute in 1888. He lived between 1822 and 1895. Pauling, Linus: American Linus: American bio-chemist applied the quantum theory to chemistry received Nobel Prize (1954) for his contribution to the electrochemical theory of valency valency.. Porter, Dr. Rodney Robert: Biochemist Robert: Biochemist known for his discoveries relating to the chemical structure of antibodies. Prelog, Vladimir: Yugoslavian Vladimir: Yugoslavian stereo-chemistry-research stereo-chemistry-research of organic molecules and reactions. He received (1975) Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Priestley, Joseph: British Joseph: British Chemist; discovered oxygen and methods of collecting gases. He lived between 1733 and 1804. Rao, Prof. U.Ramachand U.Ramachandra: ra: Is Is the Director of Indian Scientific Satellite Project (ISSP) at Peenya near Bangalore. Rainwater, James: U.S.A. James: U.S.A. (1975) Nobel Prize winner in Physics for the developme development nt of the theory that atomic nucleus is not always spherical bet can also be egg-shaped which has no
immediate practical meaning but is extremely essential to scientists Richards, T.W: He T.W: He worked for the accurate determination of atomic weights and was awarded Nobel Prize in 1916. Roger Bacon: Inventor Bacon: Inventor of Gun Powder and founder of experimental science. He lived between 1214 and 1294. Rontgen, W.Konrad: German W.Konrad: German physicist, discovered X-rays, or Rontgen rays for which he was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. He lived between 1845 and 1923. Ross, Ronald: British Ronald: British physician discovered the cause of Malaria; awarded Nobel Prize for medicine in 1902. He lived between 1857 and 1932. Rutherford, Daniel: Scottish Daniel: Scottish scientist discovered discovered nitrogen. He lived between 1749 and 1819. Rutherford, Lord: Won Lord: Won a Nobel Prize for his work on structure of atom and radio-activity. He lived between 1871 and 1937.
Worlds Highest Mountain Peaks Country
Peaks
Height in metre
Asia
Everest (Himalaya-Nepal/Tibet)
8,848
Asia
Godwin Austen (Karakoram-India)
8,611
Asia
Kanchenjunga (Himalaya India / Nepal)
8,598
Asia
Lhotse (Himalaya-Nepal-China)
8,501
Asia
Makalu (Himalaya-Nepal)
8,470
Asia
Dhaulagiri (Himalaya-Nepal)
8,172
Asia
Nanga Parvat (Himalaya-Nepal)
8,126
Asia
Gasherbrum (Karakoram-Tibet)
8,068
Asia
Gosainthan (Himalaya-Tibet)
8,013
Asia
Nanda Devi (Himalaya-India)
7,817
South America
Aconcagua (Andes-Argentina)
6,960
North America
McKinley (Alaska-USA)
6,194
Africa
Kilimanjaro (Solitary-Tanzania)
5,888
Europe
Elborus (Caucasus-CIS)
5,633
Europe
Mont Blanc (Alp-France)
4,810
Antartica
Vinson Massif
5,139
Oceania
Caestensz (Nassau Range-New Guinea)
5,000
Inventions and Discoveries 168 Zip Fastener
W.L.Judson
World Physical Facts Important LocalWinds 1
Ch Chin inoo ook k
Ho Hot, t, dr dry y wind wind in Roc ocki kies es,, al also so call called ed 's 'sno now w eate eater' r'..
2
Foehn
Hot, dry wind in the Alps
3
Khamsin
Hot, dry wind in Egypt.
4
Sir iroc occ co
Hot, ot, mois moistt w win ind d fro from Saha Saharra to Med edit iter errrane anean Sea Sea
5
Sola lano no
Hot, ot, m mo ois istt w win ind d fro from Saha Saharra tto owar ards ds Iberi berian an Pen enin ins sula ula
6
Harmattan
Hot, dry wind blowing outwards from the interior of W.Africa, also called Guinea Doctor. Cold, dry wind blowing outwards from Hungary to the north of Italy (near
7
Bora
Adriatic Sea).
8
Mis istr tral al
Very col old d wind wind,, wh whic ich h b blo lows ws fro from the the Alp Alps over Fr Fran ance ce
9
Pun Punas
Cold ld,, dr dry w win ind d bl blo owin ing g do down tow towar ards ds the the weste esterrn s sid ide e o off A And ndes es..
10 Blizz lizza ard
Very c col old d wind winds s in in T Tu und ndrra rre egi gion on
11 Purga
Cold wind in Russian tundra
12 Levanter
Cold wind in Spain
13 No Norw rwes este terr
Ho Hott w win ind d iin nN New ew Zea eala land nd
14 Sa Sant nta a A Ana na
Hot Hot w win ind d in in S S.. C Cal alif ifor ornia nia in USA. USA.
Well Known Places in World
Place
Country
Abu Musa
United Arab Emirates
Aswan Dam
Egypt
Atlanta
USA
Al Aqsa
Jerusalem
Babylon
Baghdad
Bangkok
Thailand
Barcelona
Spain
Beijing
China
Berlin Wall
Germany
Bethlehem
Israel
Big Ben
London
Bradenburg Gate
Berlin
Broadway
New York
Buckingham Palace
London
Caracas
Venuzuela
Cenotaph
London
Clask Air Base
Phillippines
C.N. Tower
Canada
Colossium
Rome
Davos
Switzerland
Diegogarcia
An Island in Indian Ocean
10, Downing Street
London
Eritrea
Africa
Eiffel Tower
Paris
Empire State Building
New York
Fleet Street
London
Golan Heights
Israel
Genghiskhan Palace
Mongolia
Geneva
Switzerland
Harley Street
London
Hague
Netherland
Havana
Cuba
Towns on Rivers in Other Countries
Country
River
Akyab
Kaladan
Antwerp
Scheldt
Baghdad
Tigris
Bangkok
Chao Praya
Basra
Shatt-al-arab
Belgrade
Danube
Berlin
Spree
Bonn
Rhine
Bristol
Avon
Brussels
Seine
Budapest
Danube
Buenos Aires
La Plater
Cairo
Nile
Canton
Chu-Kiang
Chittagong
Karnafuli
Chungking
Yangtze-Kiang
Cologne
Rhine
Dublin
Liffey
Dresden
Elbe
Dundee
Tay
Gdansk
Vistula
Glasgow
Clyde
Hamburg
Elbe
Hankow
Yangtze
Hull
Humber
Kabul
Kabul
Karachi
Sindh
Khartoum
Nile
Lahore
Ravi
Leh
Indus
Lisbon
Tagus
Liverpool
Mersey
Symbols Black arm band
Sign of mourning, in protest
Black flag
Protest
A blind fold woman holding balance
Justice
A blind fold woman holding balance
Justice
Dove
Peace
Gopuram
Symbol of Tamil Nadu Government
Green Light
Line clear signal
Red Light
Stop, danger or emergency
Lotus
Culture and civilisation
Maharaja
Air India
Flag flown half-mast
National Mourning
Flag upside down
Distress
Olive Branch
Peace
Red Flag
Revolution danger
Red Cross
Hospital
Red Triangle
Family Planning
Stars and stripes (old glory)
National Flag of U.S.A.
Tricolor with chakra
National Flag of India
Two bones kept cross in upper quadrant of a skull
Danger
Union Jack
National Flag of U.K.
Hammer and Sickle
National Flag of USSR
Yellow Flag
Sign of carrying infectious person, show on ships
White flag
Truce
Wheel
Progress
Subjects
Acoustics
Science or study of sound
Anatomy
Internal structure of living organism
Anthro Ant hropo polog logy y
Men Mental tal and Phy Physic sical al sta states tes of man mankin kind d
Ar Arc cha hae eolo log gy
Pr Pre ehi his stor toric rre emai ains ns
Astrology
Predicting future ure of human beings
Astr Astron onau auti tics cs
Th The es sci cien ence ce of spac space e tr trav avel el
Astronomy
Study of heavenly bodies
Astrop Ast rophys hysics ics
A br branc anch h of astron astronomy omy d deal ealing ing w with ith p phys hysica icall natu nature re of h heav eavenl enly y bo bodie dies s
Bact Bacter erio iolo logy gy
De Deal alin ing g with with bact bacter eria ia
Biology
Study of living bodies
Bionics
Investigation of of se sensory p pe erception o off b biirds
Botany
Plant life
Ceramics
Pottery
Ch Chem emis istr try y
Pr Prop oper erti ties es an and d c com ompo posi siti tion on of vario arious us elem elemen ents ts
Chemother Chem otherapy apy Treatm reatment ent of a Diseas Disease e by certain ch chemical emical co compou mpounds nds Chron Chr onolo ology gy
Compu Computing ting of per period iod of tim time e a and nd assign assignme ment nt of dat dates es wit with h e eve vents nts
Conchology
Study of shells
Cosm smo olo log gy
The The S Sci cie enc nce e o off uni univ vers erse a as s a wh who ole
Cryo Cryoge geni nics cs
Prod Produc uctio tion n and and appl applic icat atio ion n o off ver very y low low temp temper erat atur ure e
Cryp Crypto togr grap aphy hy
Stud Study y of Cell Cell for forma mati tion on
Ec Eco olo log gy
Stud Study y of of Re Rela lati tion ons s o off a ani nima mals ls and and pla plant nts s tto o th their eir en enviro ironm nme ent
Econ Econom omic ics s
Stud Study y o off p pro rodu ducti ction on,, con consu sump mpti tion on and and d dis istr trib ibut utio ion no off wea wealt lth h
Entomology
Study of of In Insects
Epid Epidem emio iolo logy gy
Stud Study y of E Epi pide demi mics cs
Epigraphy
Study of of IIn nscriptions
Ethics
Psychological Study of m mo oral c co onduct and duty
Ethn Ethnol olog ogy y
Stud Study y of of m men enta tall a and nd phys physic ical al di diff ffer eren ence ces s o off m man anki kind nd
Et Etym ymo olo log gy
Stud Study yo off the the ori rig gin and and h his isto torry o off w wo ord rds s
Exob Exobio iolo logy gy
Scie Scienc nce e de deal alin ing g with with llif ife e ex exis isti ting ng b bey eyon ond d Eart Earth h
Genetics
Science of Heredity
Geology
Study of conditio tion and stru tructure of the Earth
Ger ere ent ntol olo ogy
Scie Scienc nce e of old age
Haematology
Science dealing with the formation, composition, functions and diseases of the blood
Smallest and Biggest Countries Biggest Nations (Area Wise)
SNo
Biggest Nations (Population Wise)
Smallest Nations (Area Wise)
Smallest Nations (Population Wise)
1
Russia
China
Vatican City
Vatican City
2
Canada
India
Monaco
Tuvalu
3
China
USA
Nauru
Nauru
4
USA
Indonesia
Tuvalu
Palau
5
Brazil
Brazil
San Marino
San Marino
6
Australia
Pakistan
Liechtenstein
Monaco
7
India
Russia
Marshall Islands
Liechtenstein
8
Argentina
Bangladesh
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis
9
Kazakhastan
Japan
Maldives
Antigua and Barbados
10
Sudan
Nigeria
Malta
Dominica
Official Books and Papers Blue Book Book Offici Official al repo report rt of the Gover Government nment of United United Kin Kingdom gdom Green Book
Official publications of Italy and Iran
Grey Book
Official reports of Japan and Belgium
Orange Book
Official publications of Netherlands
Re Red d Book Book
Book Book ban banish ished ed in a cou country ntry
White Book
Official publications of Germany Germany,, China and Portugal
White Paper
Short pamphlet giving authoritative recital of facts issued by the Indian government governm ent stating its views on a particular issue for the knowledge of general public
Yellow Book
Official publications of France
Noble Prizes
Nobel Prize: Alfred Prize: Alfred Bernard Nobel who invented dynamite, died on December, 10,1896 bequeathing 9,000,000 dollars, dollars, the interest of which is to be distributed yearly to those who had rendered service to mankind during the preceding year in different spheres. Awards for Physics and Chemistry are made by the Swedish Academy of Science, Medicine or Physiology by the Stockholm Faculty of Medicine; Literature by the Swedish Academy of Literature and Peace by five persons elected by the Norwegian Parliament(Storting). The fund is managed by a board of directors, the head of which is appointed by the Swedish Government. Nobel Prize in Economics known as "Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Science" was instituted by the Central Bank of Sweden, to mark its tercentenary in 1968. The Prize was ffirst irst awarded in 1969. Chemistry: Israelis Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko and American Irwin Rose for their Chemistry: Israelis work in discovering a process that lets cells destroy unwanted proteins. Economics Sciences: Norwegian Sciences: Norwegian Finn E.Eydland and American Edward C.Prescott for shedding light on how government polices and actions affect economics worldwide. Literature: Austria Novelist and playwright, Elfriede Jelinek, for her works featuring themes of Literature: Austria feminist Struggle between men and women. Medicine or Physiology: Physiology: Richard Richard Axel and Linda Buck (U.S.) for their work on genes that control the sense of smell. Peace: Wangari Maathai to promote ecologically viable social, economic and cultural Peace: Wangari development developme nt in Kenya and in Africa and fight against the oppression of women. Physics: H.David Politzer, Frank Wilczek and David J.Gross (U.S.) for showing how tiny quark Physics: H.David particles interact, helping to explain everything from how a coin spins to how the Universe was built and also they showed how the t he attraction between quarks-the basic building blocks of nature - was strong when they were far apart and weak when they were close together. Nehru Award for International Understanding: This award carries an amount of fifteen lakh rupees in cash and a citation which is presented to the recipient at a special ceremony in India. It is awarded to those who have contributed for international i nternational peace and understanding.
National Emblems
Australia
Kangaroo
Bangladesh
Water Lily
Barbados
Head of trident
Belgium
Lion
Canada
White Lily
Chile
Candor and huemul
Denmark
Beach
Dominica
Sisserou Parrot
France
Lily
Germany
Corn Flower
Guyana
Canje Pheasant
India
Lioned Capital
Iran
Rose
Ireland
Shamrock
Israel
Candelabrum
Italy
White Lily
lvory Coast
Elephant
Japan
Lion with Crown
Hong Kong
Bauhinia (Orchid tree)
Lebanon
Cedar tree
Luxembourg
Lion with Crown
Mongolia
The Soyombo
Netherlands
Lion
New Zealand
Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway
Lion
Pakistan
Crescent
Papua New Guinea
Bird of Paradise
Spain
Eagle
Senegal
Baobab tree
Sierra Leone
Lion
Sri Lanka
Lion
Sudan
Secretary Bird
Syria
Eagle
Name of Parliments and Countries
SNo
Country
Name of Parliment
1
Afghanistan
Hal-o-Aqad (National Assembly)
2
Albania
People's Assembly
3
Algeria
National People's Assembly
4
Angola
National People's Assembly
5
Argentina
National Congress
6
Australia
Federal Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate)
7
Austria
National Assembly
8
Bahamas
General Assembly (House of Assembly and Senate)
9
Belize
National Assembly
10
Benin
National Revolutionary Assembly
11
Bhutan
Tshogdu (National Assembly)
12
Bolivia
National Congress
13
Botswana
National Assembly
14
Brazil
National Congress
15
Britain
Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords)
16
Bulgaria
Narodno Subranie (National Assembly)
17
Cambodia (K (Kampuchea)
Natio tional A As ssembly
18
Canada
Parliament (House of Commons and Senate)
19
Cape Verde
People's National Assembly
20
China, Mainland
National People's Congress
21
China, National
Yuan (National Assembly)
22
Colombia
Congress
23
Cuba
National Assembly of People's Power
24
Denmark
Folketing
25
Egypt
People's Assembly
26
France
National Assembly
27
Germany
Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House)
28
Guyana
National Assembly
29
Hungary
National Assembly
30
Iceland
Althing
31
India
Parliament (LoK Sabha and Rajya Sabha)
32
Indonesia
People's Consultative Assembly
Mechanical Inventions and Discoveries
SNo
Name
Mechanical Inventions
1
Austin
Motor Car
2
Bell, Graham
Telephone
3
Berliner
Microphone
4
Brequet
Helicopter
5
Bushwell
Submarine
6
Caxton
Printing Press
7
Colt
Revolver
8
Daimler
Gas engine
9
Davy
Miner's Safety Lamp
10
Diesel
Internal Combustion Engine (Diesel Engine)
11
Dunlop
Pneumatic tyre
12
Edison
First electric bulb and gramophone
13
Faraday
Dynamo
14
Fick
Law of Diffusion - Fick's law
15
Frank Whittle
Jet propulsion
16
Fulton
Stream boat
17
Galileo
Telescope
18
Gillette
Safety razor
19
Guttenburg
Art of Printing
20
Hoe
Rotary Printing Press
21
Howe
Sewing Machine
22
Huygens
Pendulum clock
23
James Watt
Steam Engine (patented in 1769)
24
Landstrom, J.E.
Safety Matches
25
Macmillan
Bicycle (1842)
26
Mauser
Magazine of rifle
27
Mercator
Celestial and a terrestrial globe
28
Mergenthaler
linotype
29
Montgolfier
Balloon (1883)
30
Pascal
Calculating Machine
31
Puckle, James
Machine gun
32
Shockley
Transistor
Popularly Known As
Andhra Kesari
T.Prakasam
Anna
C.N.Annadurai
Apostle of Free Trade
Richard Cobden
Badshah, Fr Frontier G Ga andhi
Khan Ab Abdul G Gh haffar K Kh han
Bangabandha Bapuji
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Mahatma Gandhi
Bard of Avon
Shakespeare
Chacha
Jawaharlal Nehru
C.R.
C. Rajagopalachari
Deshbandhu
C.R. Das
Desert Fox
Gen. Erwin Rommel
Deenbandhu
C.F. Andrews
II Duce
Benito Mussolini
EL Caudillo Enlightened one
Francisco Franco Mahatma Buddha
Father of the Nation
Mahatma Gandhi
Fuehrer
Adolf Hitler
Father of English Poetry
Geoffery Chaucer
"G.B.S."
George Bernard Shah
Gold Woman of India
P.T. Usha
Grand Oldman of India
Dadabhai Naoroji
Grand O Olldman o off B Brritain
William E Ew wart G Glladstone
Great Commoner Gurudev
Pitt, the Younger R.N. Tagore
Guruji
Golwalkar (died)
lke
Dwight David Eisenhover
Iron Duke
Duke of Wellington
Kuvempu
K.V.Puttappa
King Maker
Earl of Warwickshire
Kipper
Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa
Lal, Bal, Pal
Lala Lajpat Rai, Balgangadhar Tilak & Bipin Chandra Pal
Lok Nayak
J.P.Narayan
Lady of the Lamp
Florence Nightingale
General Knowledge India Misscellaneous The Recipients of Nehru Award
SNo
Name
Year
1
U.Thant (former Secretary General of the UNO)
1965
2
Dr.Martin Luther King (Posthumous)
1966
3
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi)
1967
4 5
Yehudi Menuhin (Violinist) Mother Teresa (Nun)
1968 1969
6
Kenneth Kaunda (President of Zambia)
1970
7
Marshal Tito (Ex-President of Yugoslavia)
1971
8
Andre Malraux
1972
9
Julius Nyrere (Ex-President of Tanzania)
1973
10
Paul Prebisch
1974
11
Jonal Salk
1975
12
Giuseppe Tucci
1976
13 14
Tulsi Mehrji Shrestha Nichidatsu Fuji
1977 1978
15
Nelson R.Mandela
1979
16
Mrs.Barbara Ward
1980
17
Gunnar Myrdal and Alva Myrdal
1981
18
Dr.Leopold Sedar Senghor
1982
19
Dr.Bruno Kreisky
1983
20
Mrs.Indira Gandhi (Posthumous)
1985
21
Olaf Palme (Ex.Prime Minister of Sweden)
1986
22 23
Perez de Cuellar (former Secretary General of the UNO) Yasser Arafat (PLO Leader)
1987 1988
24
Robert Mugabe (President of Zimbabwe)
1989
25
Helmut Kohi (Chancellor of Germany)
1990
26
Aruna Asaf All (Social Worker, India)
1991
27
Maurice F.Strong (Canada)
1992
28
Ms.Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (Myanmar)
1993
29
Dr.Mahathir-bin-Mohammed (P.M.,Malaysia)
1994
30
Mr.Md.Hosini Mubarak (Egypt)
1995
31
Gok Chong Tong (P.M., Singapore)
2001
Representation of States and Union Territories
SNo
State / UTs
Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha
1
Andhra Pradesh
42
18
2
Arunachal Pradesh
2
1
3
Assam
14
7
4 5
Bihar Jharkhand
40 14
16 6
6
Goa
2
1
7
Gujarat
26
11
8
Haryana
10
5
9
Himachal Pradesh
4
3
10
Jammu & Kashmir
6
4
11
Karnataka
28
12
12
Kerala
20
9
13 14
Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh
29 11
11 5
15
Maharashtra
48
19
16
Manipur
2
1
17
Meghalaya
2
1
18
Mizoram
1
1
19
Nagaland
1
1
20
Orissa
21
10
21
Punjab
13
7
22
Rajasthan
25
10
23
Sikkim
1
1
24
Tamil Nadu
39
18
25
Tripura
2
1
26
Uttar Pradesh
80
31
27
Uttaranchal
5
3
28
West Bengal
42
16
29
Andaman & Nicobar
1
-
30
Chandigarh
1
-
31
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
1
-
32
Daman & Diu
1
-
Recipients of Bharat Ratna
Name
Awarded in
Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888 - 1975)
1954
Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (1878 - 1972)
1954
Dr.Chandrasekhar Venkatraman (1888 - 1970)
1954
Dr.Bhagwan Das (1869 - 1958) Dr.Mokshagundam Viswesvaraya (1861 - 1962)
1955 1955
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 - 1964)
1955
Govind Vallabh Pant (1887 - 1961)
1957
Dr.Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858 - 1962)
1958
Dr.Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882 - 1962)
1961
Purushotham Das Tandon (1882 - 1962)
1961
Dr.Rajendra Prasad (1884 - 1963)
1962
Dr.Zakir Hussian (1897 - 1969)
1963
Dr.Pandurang Vamman Kane (1880 - 1972)
1963
Dr.Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904 - 1966)
1966
Indira Gandhi (1917 - 1984)
1971
Varaha Giri Venkata Giri (1884 - 1980)
1975
Kumaraswami Kamaraj (Posthumous) (1903 - 1975)
1976
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997)
1980
Acharya Vinoba Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982)
1983
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890 - 1988)
1987
M.G.Ramachandra (Posthumous) (1917 - 1987)
1988
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891 - 1956)
1990
Dr.Nelson Mandela (1918)
1990
Morarji Desai (1896 - 1995)
1991
Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944 - 1991)
1991
Sardar Vallab Bhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875 - 1950)
1991
J.R.D. Tata (1904 - 1993)
1992
Satyajit Ray (1922 - 1992)
1992
Moulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888 - 1958)
1992
Aruna Asaf All (Posthumus) (1909 - 1996)
1997
Gulzarilal Nanda (Posthumous) (1898 - 1997)
1997
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931)
1997
Persons & Places Bardoli
Sardar Patel
Belur Brindaban (U.P.)
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa Lord Krishna
Chittor, Haldighat
Rana Pratap
Corsica, Elba, Wateriloo
Napoleon
Fathepur Sikri
Akbar the Great
Jerusalem
Jesus Christ
Kapilavastu, Lumbini
Buddha
Kanchipuram
C.N.Annadurai
Macedonia
Alexander, the Great
Maniyachi Mecca
Vanchinathan Mohammed the Prophet
Paunar
Acharya Vinoba Bhave
Pondicherry
Aurobindo Ghosh
Porbandar, Rajghat, Sabarmathi
Mahatma Gandhi
Srirangapattinam
Tipu Sultan
Sriperumpudur
Rajiv Gandhi
Shakti Sthal
Indira Gandhi
Shanti Van
Jawaharlal Nehru
Trafalgar Tuticorin
Nelson V.O.Chidambaram Pillai
Ujjain
Mahavira
Vedaranyam
C.Rajagopalachari
Vijay Ghat
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Nick Names of Important Indian Places
SNo
Nick name
Place
1
Golden City
Amritsar
2
Manchester of India
Ahmedabad
3
City of Seven islands
Mumbai
4 5
Queen of Arabian Sea Space City
Cochin Bangalore
6
Garden City of India
Bangalore
7
Silicon Valley of India
Bangalore
8
Electronic city of India
Bangalore
9
Pink city
Jaipur
10
Gateway of India
Mumbai
11
Twin city
Hyderabad - Sikandarabad
12
City of festivals
Madurai
13
Deccan Queen
Pune
14
City of Buildings
Kolkata
15
Dakshin Ganga
Godavari
16
Old Ganga
Godavari
17
Egg bowls of Asia
Andhra Pradesh
18
Soya region
Madhya Pradesh
19
Manchester of the South
Coimbatore
20
City of Nawabs
Lucknow
21
Venice of the east
Cochin
22
Sorrow of Bengal
Damodar river
23
Sorrow of Bihar
Kosi river
24
Blue Mountains
Nilgiri
25
Queen of the Mountains
Mussoorie (Uttaranchal)
26
Sacred river
Ganga
27
Hollywood of India
Mumbai
28
City of Castles
Kolkata
29
State of five rivers
Punjab
30
City of weavers
Panipat
31
City of lakes
Srinagar
32
Steel city of India
Jamshedpur (Called Tatanagar)
List of Awardees
SNo Year
Name and Language
1
1965 Mahakavi Sh Shankar Kurup (O (Odakkuzhal)
2
1966 Tara ara S Sha hank nka ar B Ban and dopady adyaya (Ga (Gana nad devat evata) a)
3
1967 1967 Um Uma a Sh Shan anka karr Jos Joshi hi & Dr.K .K.V .V.Pu .Putta ttapp ppa a (N (Nis ishi hith th & Ra Rama maya yana na D Dar arsa sana nam) m)
4
1968 Sumithr hra anandan Pant (C (Chidambara ara)
5
1969 Firaq Ghorakh akhpuri (Gul-e-e-Nagma)
6
19 1970 70 Dr.V.S .Sat aty yanar anaray ayan ana a (Ram (Ramay ayan ana a Kalp Kalpav avri riks ksha hamu mu))
7
1971 Bishnu D De ey (S (Smit ith hi Sa Satha B Bh havisyathi) hi)
8
1972 Ramadhari Singh Din ina akar (Urvasi si))
9
1973 Gopinath Mohanty (Madi Matal)
10
1974 V.S.Khandekar (Y (Ya ayathi)
11
19 1975 75 P.V.A .Aki kila land ndam am (Chi (Chitr trap appa pav vai ai))
12
19 1976 76 Asha Ashapu purn rna a D Dev evii (Pr (Prat atha hama ma Prat Pratti ti Shru Shruti ti))
13
1977 1977 Dr.K.S .K.Shiv hivar aram ama a Kar Karan anth th ((Mu Mukh khaj ajia ia K Kan anak akas asug ugal ala) a)
14
19 1978 78 S.H .H.V .Vat atsy syay ayan an (Kit (Kitni ni Na Nav von Me Men nK Kit itni ni Ba Bar) r)
15
1979 B.K.B .K.Bha hatt ttac ach har ary ya (Mri (Mrity tyun unja jay ya)
16
19 1980 80 S.K .K.P .Pot otta takk kkat at (Oru (Oru De Desa satt ttin inte te Kat atha ha))
17
1981 Amritan itan Pr Prit itam am (K (Kag agaz az Te K Kan anw was as))
18
1982 Mahadevi Ve Verma (Y (Yama)
19
1983 1983 Dr.Mas .Masti ti V Ven enka kate tesh sh IIye yeng ngar ar ((Ch Chik ikav avee eerra Ra Raje jend ndra ra))
20
19 1984 84 Th Thak akaz azhi hi Siv Sivasan asanka karra Pill Pillai ai (K (Kay ayar ar))
21
1985 Panna annala lall Pat Patel el (M (Man anv vini ini B Bha hav vai ai))
22
1986 Satchi tchid dan anan and d Ro Routr utray (K (Ka avita vita))
23
1987 V.V.Shi .Shirrwadk adkar (M (Mar ara athi) thi)
24
19 1988 88 C.Nar .Naray ayan ana a Red eddy dy (Tel (Telug ugu u Poe oetr try) y)
25
19 1989 89 M.S. M.S.Qu Qurr rrat atul ul-a -ain in-H -Hai aide derr (Aag (Aag Ki Da Dari ria) a)
26
19 1990 90 Pr Pro of.V .Vin inay ayak ak Kr Kris ishn hna a G Gok okak ak (K (Kan anna nada da))
27
1991 Suba bas sh Mu Muk kho hopa pady dya ay (B (Be eng ngal ali) i)
28
1992 Naresh Mehta (Hindi)
29
1993 Dr.Sit .Sitak akan antt Mo Moha hap pat atrra ((O Ori riy ya)
30
19 1994 94 Pr Pro of.U .U.R .R.A .Ana nant ntha ha Murt Murthy hy (Kan (Kanna nada da))
31
19 1995 95 Mr.M.T .M.T.Vas .Vasud udev evan an Na Nair ir (Ma (Mala lay yal alam am))
32
1996 Mrs.M rs.Mah ahas asv veta eta Devi (Ben (Beng gal ali) i)
First in India Women Field
Person
First Prime Minister
Mrs. Indira Gandhi
First Chief Minister of State
Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani
First Minister
Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
First Central Minister
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
First Speaker of Lok Sabha
Mrs. Shanno Devi
First Governor of a State
Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
Fir First P Prresi sid den entt o off Ind India ian n Nat Natio iona nall Co Cong ngre ress ss
Dr. A Ann nnie ie Besan esantt
First Indian President of Indian National Congress
Mrs.. Sarojini Naidu
First P Prresident o off U UN N Ge General A As ssembly
Mrs. V Viijayalakshmi Pa Pandit
First Muslim to sit on the throne of Delhi
Razia Sultan
First to swim across the English Channel
Mrs. Arti Shah
First to climb Mount Everest
Bachhendri Pal
First First to ci circ rcum umna navi viga gate te (s (sail ail roun round d tthe he worl world) d)
Ujwa Ujwala la Ra Raii
First IAS Officer
Anna George Malhotra
First IPS Officer
Kiran Bedi
First Advocate
Cornelia Sorabji
First Judge of a High Court
Anna Chandi
First Judge of Supreme Court
Ms M. Fathima Beevi
First Chief Justice of a High Court
Ms. Leila Seth
First Doctor
Kadambini Ganguli
First editor of English newspaper
Dina Vakil
First Chief Engineer
Mrs. P.K. Thresia
First to receive a Sena Medal
Constable Bimla Devi (88 BN of CRPF) - 1990
Youngest to Climb Mount Everest
Dicky Doima (19) from Manali - 1993
Firs irst to climb Mount Everest two times
Santosh Yadav (ITBF Officer) - 1993
First Magistrate
Mrs. Omana Kunjamma
First to win Nobel Prize
Mother Theresa
First to be crowned Miss India
Reita Fariq
First to be crowned Miss Universe
Sushmita Sen
First to be crowned Miss World
Reita Faria
First DGP
Kanchan Chowdhry Bhattacharya
First in India Men Field
Person
First Indian to swim across the English Channel
Mihir Sen
First to Climb Mount Everest
Tenzing Norgay
First to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen
Phy Dorjee
First Indian to join I.C.S. (I.C.S. now IAS)
Satyendra Nath Tagore
First Indian to get Nobel Prize
Rabindra Nath Tagore
First Indian in Space (first Indian cosmonaut)
Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma
First British Governor General First Governor General of Free India
Warren Hastings Lord Mountbatten
First and the last Governor General of free India
C. Rajagopalachari
First President of India
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
First Vice-President of India
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
First Muslim President of India
Dr. Zakir Hussain
First Sikh President of India
Giani Zail Singh
First Prime Minister
Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
First Speaker of Lok Sabha
G.V. Mavlankar
First Chief Justice of India First President of Indian National Congress
Justice H.L. Kania W.C. Bannerjee
First India Indian n to b becom ecome e mem member ber of Vic Viceroy eroy's 's Ex Executiv ecutive e Co Council uncil
Lord S.P. Sinha Sinha
First Indian to become President of International I nternational Court of Justice
Dr. Nagendra Singh
First Emperor of Moghul Dynasty
Babar
First Field Marshal
S.H.F.J. Manekshaw
First Indian Commander-in-Chief of India
Gen. K.M. Cariappa
First Chief of the Army Staff (Indian)
Sinhji
First Chief of the Naval Staff (Indian)
Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
First Chief of the Air Force Staff (India)
Subroto Mukherjee
First Indian in British Parliament
Dada Bhai Nauroji
First Indian recipient of Victoria Cross (highest award before independence)
Khudada Khan
First Indian to circumnavigate the globe
Lt. Col K.S. Rao
First Indian to reach the South Pole
Col J.K. Bajaj (1989)
First Indian to make a solo air flight
JRD Tata
First Indian to visit England
Raja Rammohan Roy (1832)
First Indian Member of House of Lords (British)
Lord S.P. Sinha
First Bar-at-Law
J.M. Tagore
First Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (1952 62)
First Indian Test Cricketer
K.S. Ranjitsingh
First Air Marshall
Arjan Singh
First Ju Judge to face impeachment in in the Lock Sabha
Justice V.Ramaswami (1993)
Fastest Shorthand writer
Dr. G.D. Bhist (250 wpm)
Important Sites in India
Sno
Place
City/State
1
Ajanta
Aurangabad
2
Akbar's Tomb
Sikandara
3
Ambernath Cave
Kashmir
4
Amber Palace
Jaipur
5
Anand Bhavan
Allahabad
6
Bhakra Dam
Punjab
7
Birla Planetarium
Kolkata
8
Black Pagoda
Konark (Orissa)
9
Bodhisattva
Ajanta Caves
10
Brihadeeswara Temple
Tanjore
11
Brindavan Gardens
Mysore (Karnataka)
12
Buland Darwaza
Fatepur Sikri
13
Charminar
Hyderabad
14
Chenna Kesava Temple
Belur
15
Chilka Lame
Near Bhubaneswar
16
Dal Lake
Srinagar
17
Dilwara Temples
Mt. Abu
18
Elephanta Caves
Mumbai
19
Golden Temple
Amirtsar
20
Gol Gumbaz
Bijapur
21
Hanging Gardens
Mumbai
22
Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds)
Jaipur
23
Howrah Bridge
Kolkata
24
Island Palace
Udaipur
25
Itmad-ud-Daulah's Tomb
Agra
26
Jagannath Temple
Puri
27
Jama Masjid
Delhi
28
Jantar Mantar
Delhi
29
Jog (Geresoppa) Falls
Mysore
30
Kailasanath Temples
Ellora
31
Kanyakumari Temples
Cape Comorin
32
Khajuraho
Bhopal
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