Glass

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GLASS Glass is used in many forms like windowpanes, in toilets, in partition walls etc. But in modern houses, walls and ceilings of hollow glass blocks can be made usually to cut of glare. But it admits sunlight and controls sound and heat in better way. Fire glass reinforced with plastic can be used in the construction of furniture, lampshades, bathroom fittings, etc. Classification of Glasses Glass is a mi!ture of number of metallic silicate. "t is amorphous, transparent and it can also be considered as a solidified super cooled solution of #arious metallic silicates ha#ing infinite #iscosity. $here are % types of glass &. Soda Lime Glass '. (otash Lime Glass %. (otash Lead Glass )ut of these three, only soda lime glass is used as it is clear and clean. "t is used for making window panes. (roperties of Glass (roperties are mainly go#erned by factors such as composition of constituent*s state of surface, thermal treatment conditions. $hey are &. Glass absorbs, refracts and transmits light. '. "t is a#ailable in #arious colors. %. "t is +uite elastic, but when elastic limit is e!ceeded, it cracks. ,. "t is highly workable, that is it can be blown, drawn or pressed but it is difficult to cast in large pieces. -. "t is e!tremely brittle. .. "t can be also transparent as well as translucent. /arious special #arieties &. Bullet proof glass '. Fiber glass %. Float glass ,. Foam glass -. 3eat e!cluding glass .. )bscure glass 6. (erforated glass 0. Safety Glass 1. Shielding glass &2.Soluble glass &&. Structural glass &'. 4ltra#iolet glass &%. 5ired glass

3owe#er only some are used in the building construction.

Float glass $his glass is made when molten glass is allowed to float on molten tin. "t is used in residential buildings, commercial comple!es, and furniture articles, superior to ordinary sheet glass. $he ad#antages of float glass o#er sheet glass are &. $hey are en#ironment friendly. '. $hey ha#e aesthetic appearance %. $hey are a#ailable in #arious thickness and large si7es. ,. $hey are +uite cost effecti#e as compared to corresponding cost of brick wall, finishing material, maintenance, etc. -. "t is tough and more scratch resistance than ordinary glass. .. "t makes window transmit more natural light and it ha#e high optical clarity. 6. $here is no refracti#e effect due to the uniform thickness and has superior optical clarity. Foam glass "t is formed by melting finely grounded glass with carbon. assumes the form of black foam and is used in air conditioning. Glass blocks $hese are partially e#acuated and completely sealed hollow units, formed by fusing together ' hal#es of pressed glass. $he edges are coated with grit bearing plastic material so that permanent and effecti#e bond with the mortar is ensured. "t is a#ailable in s+uare si7es with dimensions as &-cm, '2cm, %2cm, and appro!imate thickness of &2 cm on one or both faces of the blocks are suitably treated to obscure the glass and to diffuse the light. $hey ha#e high insulating property and are set in cement mortar. $he glass blocks posses the following ad#antages &. $hey are easy to clean and can be well maintained. '. $hey are e!cellent in light transmission. %. $hey are not intended to carry super imposed load. 3eat e!cluding glass $hese glasses allow light, but eliminate heat. $hey are used for windows of high class railways and in window panels of important buildings. )bscured glass $hey are used at places where light is to be transmitted but #ision is to be obscured. )ne surface is either grounded or made opa+ue by melting powdered glass upon the surface. "t is also obtained by rubbing action of sand blast. "t is useful in public toilets, office doors and partitions. "t immediately

(erforated glass $hese glasses are made by help of roller on sheet glass either during manufacture or after the manufacture. $hey used for panels in #entilators. Shielding glass $his special #ariety of glass has hea#y element like lead o!ide etc. "t is used for windows through which high radiation is absorbed. Structural glass "t is in the form of glass Crete s+uares or lenses which are set in cement concrete and reinforced with steel frame. $hese are popularly known as glass bricks, semi prisms formed on the underside of these bricks collect light and pro8ection the other darker side. $hese bricks can be used as light structural means. $hey are widely used for pa#ement lights, partitions etc. 4ltra#iolet ray light glass $hese glasses transmit effecti#e ultra#iolet rays e#en though it is not in the direction of sun. "t is made from the raw materials with minimum mi!tures of iron, titanium and chrome. Such glass transmits more than 6-9 of ultra#iolet radiation which is far more than common glass. $hese glasses are used in windows of schools and hospitals. 5ired glass "n this type of glass, steel wire mesh is placed in glass during rolling operation. $he mesh may ha#e either he!agonal or s+uare units. "f glass breaks, pieces of glass are held by wire in position. $his type of glass is fire resistant. So they are used for roofs, skylights, fire resisting doors and windows. 5hen speaking in the architectural method, this can be seen in some general specifications. "t comes as follows Scope "t is used for all finishing purposes such as door and window panels, landscaping and curtain walls. "t is used for transparent, translucent and #arious effects. :escription $he material shall be clear as per re+uirement. $he material shall be free of industrial defect such as cracks etc. All edges shall be cut neatly as the glass shall be checked for flatness.

Storage Glass shall be stored safely in store rooms, etc, away from work places. "t shall be handled with care by skilled labor. $he contractor shall clean and polish all glasses as directed by the architect. $he contractor shall be liable for damage to or scratching of glass while the building is under construction. Storage and protection of the glass supplied remains the liability of contractor. ;easurement Glass of #arying thickness shall be measured in s+uare feet and the tender rate be calculated using & unit per & s+uare feet.

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