Afnan Hajyahia
GRE Subject Tests: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology
Content Specifications
I. BIOCHEMISTRY — 36%
A.
B.
Chemical and Physical Foundations
Structural Biology: Structure, Assembly, Organization and Dynamics
Thermodynamics and kinetics
https://www.khanacademy.org/testbioenergetics/v/thermodynamics-vs-kinetics
Redox states
http://mtweb.mtsu.edu/nchong/Chapter%2014-CHEM1010-MSJ.pdf
chemical bond
Chemical reaction mechanisms
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Rate_Laws
/Reaction_Mechanisms/Reaction_Mechanisms
Macromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, polysaccharides, proteins and
Nucleic acids
Polysaccharides
Proteins
Lipids
Supramolecular complexes (e.g., membranes, ribosomes and
multienzyme complexes)
C.
Supramolecular chemistry
Catalysis and Binding
Chemical interactions and bonding
Solubility equilibrium
Solute-solvent interactions
buffer solution
Solutions and equilibria
Redox
Water, pH, acid-base reactions and buffers
small molecule
complex lipids)
prep/mcat/biomolecules/principles-of-
Small molecules
Enzyme reaction mechanisms and kinetics
Enzyme kinetics
Ligand-protein interaction (e.g., hormone receptors, substrates and
effectors, transport proteins and antigen-antibody interactions)
Protein–protein interactions
D. Major Metabolic Pathways
F.
Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation
Regulation and Integration of Metabolism
Covalent modification of enzymes
Sulfur assimilation
Allosteric regulation
Nitrogen assimilation
Compartmentalization
Carbon assimilation
Hormones
Anabolism
Catabolism
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/anabolism-and-
G.
Methods
catabolism-reactions-definitions-examples.html#lesson
http://quizlet.com/7590330/synthesis-of-macromolecules-dna-rnaand-proteins-flash-cards/alphabetical
E.
Energy transformations at the substrate level
electron transport chain (ETC)
Electron transport chains in mitochondria
Proton and chemical gradients
electrochemical gradient
Energy coupling (e.g., phosphorylation and transport)
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Energy_coupling
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect04.htm
Isotopes
Separation techniques (e.g., centrifugation, chromatography and
electrophoresis)
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Electron transport
Microscope (history/types)
Isotopes
Bioenergetics (including respiration and photosynthesis)
Biophysical approaches (e.g., spectroscopy, x-ray, crystallography,
mass spectroscopy)
Synthesis and degradation of macromolecules
regulatory enzyme
separation process
Immunotechniques
Protein immunoblotting
Afnan Hajyahia
GRE Subject Tests: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology
II. CELL BIOLOGY — 28%
Methods of importance to cellular biology, such as fluorescence probes (e.g., FRAP, FRET and GFP) and imaging, will be covered as appropriate within the context of the content
below.
A.
Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organization,
Dynamics and Functions
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Cellular membrane systems (e.g., structure and transport across
role &importance
membrane)
molecular component
Nucleus (e.g., envelope and matrix)
Cell nucleus
Structures (Nuclear envelope and pores/ nuclear lamina/
Chromosomes/ Nucleolus)
Function (Cell compartmentalization/ Gene expression/
Dynamics and regulation (Assembly and disassembly)
Mitochondria and chloroplasts (e.g., biogenesis and evolution)
Symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory
Cell adhesion and junctions
Cell adhesion
Process eukaryotes
Signal transduction
Signal transduction
Receptor function
Processing of pre-mRNA)
Extracellular matrix (including cell walls)
Membrance transport/transport types
Cell Surface and Communication
http://www.benjamintseng.com/documents/BiochemPrep2.pdf
B.
Signal transduction(receptor)
Excitable membrane systems
Membrane potential (also transmembrane
potential or membrane voltage)
C.
Cytoskeleton, Motility and Shape
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic cytoskeleton /comparison
E.
Cell Division, Differentiation and Development
Regulation of assembly and disassembly of filament systems
Microtubule / Regulation of microtubule dynamic
Motor function, regulation and diversity
Motor proteins / function
D. Protein, Processing, Targeting and Turnover
Translocation across membranes
Posttranslational modification
Posttranslational modification (PTM)
Intracellular trafficking
Membrane vesicle trafficking
Secretion and endocytosis
Protein targeting or protein sorting
http://medcell.med.yale.edu/lectures/files/secretion_endocytosis
Protein turnover (e.g., proteosomes, lysosomes, damaged protein
response)
Protein turnover
Cell cycle, mitosis and cytokinesis
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Regulation of the cell cycle
Cell cycle checkpoints
Meiosis and gametogenesis
Gametogenesis
Meiosis
Fertilization and early embryonic development (including positional
information, homeotic genes, tissue-specific expression, nuclear and
cytoplasmic interactions, growth factors and induction,
environment, stem cells and polarity)
Prenatal or antenatal development
III. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS — 36%
A.
Genetic Foundations
Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance
Non-Mendelian inheritance (types)
Mendelian inheritance
Transformation
Transduction (Generalized transduction, Specialized
http://tinyurl.com/nj6dhcc
http://tinyurl.com/qjqqw4y
Mutational analysis
Mutation testing
Genetic mapping and linkage analysis
Genetic linkage (linkage map, Parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis)
B.
Chromatin and Chromosomes
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Chromatin_vs_Chromosome
Karyotype (Observations on karyotypes)
Karyotypes
Translocations, inversions, deletions and duplications
Aneuploidy and polyploidy
Structure
Epigenetics
Genome structure
Bioinformatics
Proteomics
transposable element (Class I & Class II)
Bioinformatics
Disease gene identification
Transposable elements
Interspersed repetitive DNA
Gene identification
Genome mapping (Genetic Mapping VS Physical Mapping)
Repeated DNA and gene families
Structural genomics
Physical mapping
Recombination and complementation
Genomics
Transformation, transduction and conjugation
transduction, medical application)
C.
Proteomics (Complexity of the problem)
Molecular evolution
Molecular evolution(Forces in molecular evolution)
D. Genome Maintenance
F.
DNA replication
DNA damage and repair
DNA modification
Positive and negative control of the operon
DNA replication (DNA polymerases, Replication process,
Regulation)
Gene Regulation
Promoter recognition by RNA polymerases
RNA polymerase (Control of transcription,action)
Epigenetics
Attenuation and antitermination
Antitermination
DNA recombination and gene conversion
Gene conversion(Allelic gene conversion , ectopic gene
E.
Genetic recombination(Mechanism)
Gene expression(Mechanism, Regulation of gene
Gene expression profiling
Post-transcriptional modification (mRNA processing)
G.
non-coding RNA
Small interfering RNA
microRNA
Viruses
Translation
Gene duplication (Mechanisms of duplication)
Small non-coding RNA (e.g., siRNA, microRNA)
Genetic code
RNA processing
Transcription/transcriptional profiling
The genetic code
trans-acting
Gene rearrangements and amplifications
expression)
cis-Regulatory Elements ( examples)
Trans-acting regulatory factors
Gene Expression
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213655
Cis-acting regulatory elements
conversion)
http://tinyurl.com/o9pyo2h
Translation (biology)
Genome replication and regulation
Viral replication
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17969453
Virus assembly
Virus-host interactions
Virus (microbiology)
Afnan Hajyahia
GRE Subject Tests: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology
H. Methods
Restriction maps and PCR
Nucleic acid blotting and hybridization
Southern blot
northern blot
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7567/
DNA cloning in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Protein–DNA interactions
Transgenic organisms
sequence analysis
Protein-nucleic acid interaction
http://www.eplantscience.com/index/genetics/genetic_engineering_and_biotechnology_recombinant_dna/cloning_in_bacteria_and_eukaryotes.php
Sequencing and analysis
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techpcr/
genetically modified organism (GMO)
Microarrays
microarray
http://www.aun.edu.eg/gembc/s/A.PDF
Afnan haj yahia
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[email protected]