Gull-wing door This article is about the type of car door. For the aircraft wing shape, see Gull see Gull wing. wing. Gull-wing door is an automotive industry term de-
DMC-12 with with its doors open A DeLorean DMC-12
Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Gullwing Coupé with its doors open Mercedes-Benz 300SL
350 light light aircraft with its gull-wing doors open A Cessna 350
discussing “Gull-wing” design.[2] Conve discussing Conventional ntional car doors are typically hinged at the front-facing edge of the door and the door swings outward in a horizontal plane. Apart from the Mercedes-Benz the Mercedes-Benz 300SL of 300SL of the mid-1950s and the experimental Mercedes-Benz experimental Mercedes-Benz C111 C111 of of the early 1970s, the best-known examples of road-cars with gullwing doors are the Bricklin SV-1 from the 1970s and the DeLo DeLorean rean DMCDMC-12 12 fr from om the 1980s 1980s.. G Gullull-wing wing doors doors have also been used in aircraft designs, such as the four Socata TB series seat single single-engine -engine Socata TB series built in France.[3]
A Bricklin SV-1 with SV-1 with its doors open
scribing car doors scribing car doors that that are hinged at the roof rather than Mercedes-Benz s-Benz 300SL the si side, de, as pi pion onee eered red by the 195 1952 2 Mercede race car (W194) and its road-legal version (W198) introduced in 1954. Open Openin ing g upwa upward rds, s, th thee door doorss ev evok okee the the imag imagee of a seagull seagull's 's wings wings.. In Fren French ch the they y are portes papillon (butterfly terfl y doors). The papillo papillon n door, slightl slightly y diff differe erent nt in its arc archi hitec tectur turee from a gull gullwin wing g doo doorr – desi design gned ed by
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Practi Practical cal con consi sider derati ations ons
[1]
Jean Bugatti in in 1939 Type 64 64,, fourteen years before Despite the common misconception that the gull-wing Mercedes Merc edes-Benz -Benz prod produced uced its simi similar, lar, famous famous 300SL gull- doors are mere stylistic affectations, the design is a very pract ctic ical al one in a ti tigh ghtt urb urban an parki parking ng spac space. e. Wh When en wing door – is a precursor, but is often overlooked when pra 1
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properly designed and counterbalanced, they require little side-clearance to open (about 27.5 cm, or 11” in the DeLorean[4] ) and allow much better entrance/e entrance/egress gress than conventional conv entional doors. The most obvious downside downside to having gull-wing doors is that, should the car roll over and come to rest on its roof, exit by the doors would be impossible, requiring requiring a large windscree windscreen n opening tto o escape. A Volvo concept car (Volvo (Volvo YCC) YCC) that was designed by and for women had gull-wing doors as part of a design meant to be appealing from from a woman’s perspectiv perspective. e. Gullwing doors to make it easier to lift a bag to store it behind the drivers seat, increases visibility over the driver’s shoulder, and makes it easier to get in and out of the vehicle.[5]
LIST OF AUTO UTOMO MOBI BILES LES
no convertible version was ever planned. It also makes sealing the car against water leak leakss more difficult ficult bec becaus ausee of the shape shape andmovem andmovemen entt pat path h of the door door itself.
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List List of au auto tomo mobi bile less
The Tesla Model X, The X, first introduced in 2015, has gullwing doors doors (called ffalc alcon-wi on-wing ng doors by Tes Tesla). la). The Model X has several design considerations to make the doors more practical. The doors are double hinged. This allows them to open with less clearance (horizontal and vertical) vertic al) than would otherwise be required. The vehicle vehicle also has sensors to determine ceiling height and the presence of potential obstacles. The vehicle then determines how the hinges will operate to open the doors and avoid the obstacles, if possible.[6] Gumpert Apollo
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Desig Design n ch chall alleng enges es
Gull-wing doors have a somewhat questionable reputation because of early examples like the Mercedes and the Bricklin.[7] The 300 SL needed the door design as its tubula tub ularr frame rame rac racee car ch chass assis is desi design gn had a very very high high doo doorr sill, which in combination with a low roof would make a sta standa ndard rd door door openin opening g ve very ry low low and small small.. The Me Merc rced edes es engin eng ineer eerss sol solve ved d the pro probl blem em by also also ope openin ning g a par partt of the roof. The Bricklin was a more conventionally sized door but the actuation system was problematic in day-to-day Melkus RS 1000 use and led to unreliable operation until an aftermarket [8]
air-doorthere upgrade was installed allinBricklins. addition, was some concern in that making the In doors as light as possible they wouldn't provide adequate protection in side-impact accidents. accidents. There was, howev however, er, no indication that this concern was justified. The DeLorean solved these problems by using a a solidsteel torsion bar (supplied by Grumman Aircraft Engisteel neering Corporation) Corporation) to counterbalance a full-sized door and then used simple pneumatic struts similar to those cars to open the doors and damp their found in hatchback in hatchback cars movement. Other disadvantages disadvantages of the system were not so easy to address. dres s. For exampl example, e, the gull-wing gull-wing des design ign mak makes es cre creating ating a convertible version of the car harder, as the hinges would convertible version be removed with the roof, and standard doors would be Tesla Model X needed fo needed forr the con conve vertibl rtible. e. Mer Mercede cedess did so whe when n rep replaclacing the gullwing coupe altogether with the 300SL road- The following is a (partial) list of production and kit auster in 1958. It was never a concern for DeLorean since since tomobiles with gull-wing doors:
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Prod Product uctio ion n cars cars
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Autozam AZ-1 (Suzuki AZ-1 (Suzuki Cara)
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Bricklin SV-1
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Air Aircr craf aftt •
Cessna 350
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Socata TB
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Bristol Fighter
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DeLorean DMC-12
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De Tomaso Mangusta Mangusta (engine (engine compartment)
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Gumpert Apollo
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List of cars with unusual door designs designs
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Hofstetter Turbo
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Suicide doors
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Isdera Commendatore 112i
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Scissor doors
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Melkus RS 1000
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Butterfly doors
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Melkus RS 2000
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Sliding doors
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Mercedes-Benz 300SL •
Canopy door
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Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG •
Car door
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Pagani Huayra
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(NSU) Thurner RS
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Tesla Model X X (rear (rear passenger doors only)
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Quant E
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Quant F
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Bugatti atlantic type 64
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Kit Kit car arss
Gullwing doors are common in kit cars and many were made that are not included on this list. They were almost always one of the most mechanically problematic parts of these vehicles. •
AMT AMT Piranha Piranha
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Bradley GTII Bradley GTII
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Dare DZ Dare DZ
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Eagle SS Mk1 Eagle SS
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See also
Ref Refer eren ence cess
[1] http://www.bugatti.com/en/tradition/bugatti-models/ t64.html [2] “Papillon and gull-wing door” [3] “Socata Trinidad GT: A beautiful little French retractable retractable with a certain je ne sais quoi”, Plane & Pilot retrieved 3 August 2011 [4] Knut Gr Grims imsrud. rud. “DeLorean “DeLorean Frequently Asked Questions - Technica Technicall Informa Information” tion”.. Dmcne Dmcnews. ws.co com. m. Ret Retri riev eved ed 2009-12-08. “Volvo vo Concept Car” Car”.. [5] “Vol March 2, 2004.
Elite Enterprises Laser 917, inspired inspired by the Porsche the Porsche 917 Fiberfab Aztec Aztec 7, a loose replica of the Alfa the Alfa Romeo Fiberfab Carabo concept Carabo concept car (which has scissor has scissor doors). doors).
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Fiberfab Fiberfab Caribee/Banshee
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Innes Lee Scorpion K19
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Pelland Sports
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Replicar Replicar Cursor Cursor
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RPB GT
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Burton Car Company Company hardtop hardtop
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Siva S160 Spyder
[7] Mechanics “Why Don't Doors?". Popular . More Cars Have Gullwing Doors?". Specifications” ons”.. [8] “Bricklin Specificati trieved 2011-11-26.
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Sai Saint ntjo john. hn.nb nbcc. cc.nb. nb.ca. ca.
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Text Text a and nd im image age sour sources, ces, ccont ontrib ributo utors, rs, an and d li licens censes es
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Ima Images ges File:1955_M File:1955_Mercedes-Benz_300SL_G ercedes-Benz_300SL_Gullwing_Cou ullwing_Coupe_34.jpg pe_34.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/1955_ Mercedes-Benz_300SL_Gullwing_Coupe_34.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ?? Original artist: ? Public domain Con File:Bricklin_SV-1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Bricklin_SV-1.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Bricklin_SV-1.jpg License: Public tributors: public JonGwynne on on en.wikipedia en.wikipedia User JonGwynne public domain en:User domain en:User talk:JonGwynne#Image source Original artist: User File:Cessna350 File:Cessna350N2546W02 N2546W02.jpg .jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Cessna350N2546W02.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own Own work Original artist: Ahunt at Ahunt at English English Wikipedia File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ?? Original artist: ? File:DeLorean_ File:DeLorean_DMC-12_with_doo DMC-12_with_doors_open.jpg rs_open.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/DeLorean_ DMC-12_with_doors_open.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Wikipedia Wikipedia en Original artist: en:user:Grenex File:Folder_H File:Folder_Hexagonal_I exagonal_Icon.svg con.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ?? Original artist: ? File:Gumpert_Ap File:Gumpert_Apollo_Dubai.jpg ollo_Dubai.jpg Source: http http s://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gumpert_Apollo s://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gumpert_Apollo_Dubai.jpg _Dubai.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: GUMPERT Sportwagenmanufaktur Sportwagenmanufaktur GmbH Original artist: GUMPERT Sportwagenmanufaktur Sportwagenmanufaktur GmbH File:Melkus_RS1000.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Melkus_RS1000.JPG License: CC-BY-SA3.0 Contributors: Own Own work Original artist: Thomas Thomas doerfe doerferr File:Model_X File:Model_X_vs._DeLorean _vs._DeLorean.jpg .jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Model_X_vs._DeLorean.jpg License: CC CC BY 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/21916454200/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/21916454200/ Original artist: Steve Jurvetson File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public Public domain Contributors: ?? Original artist: ??