Gynecology Hx

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GYNECOLOGY
Helen B. Albano, MD, FPOGS
Medical History

The quality of the medical care provided by the
physician

Type of relationship between physician and the
patient
o Can be determined largely the depth of
gynecological history

Patient-Doctor Relationship
o Complete history
o Complete PE
o Labs

New Patient
o Take Time

Obtain comprehensive history

Perform comprehensive PE
o Establish data base, along with DPR basd on
a good communication

Old Patient or the established patient
o Updates

Gynecological changes

Pregnancy history

Additional surgery, accidents or new
medications
History Taking

Overview
o Most important part of gynecological
evaluation
o Provides tentative diagnosis (impression)
before PE
o LEGAL document

Subject to subpoena, may be
defended in court
General Data

Name

Age

Gravidity (G)
o State of being pregnant

Parity (P)
o Outcome of pregnancy
o FPAL (in digits)

F = number of full term pregnancy

P = number of preterm pregnancy

A = Abortion

L = total number of living children
o Ex: G1P0 0001

LMP (Last Menstrual Period)
o Also take the first and last day of normal
menstruation

PNMP (Previous Normal Menstrual Period)

EDC/EDD and AOG – Expected Date of
Confinement/Delivery
o Nigella’s EDC
 3 mos back + 7 + 1year ???
o AOG (wks of gestation)


Date and Time of Consultation/Admission

Chief Complaint





Only one
Reason for admission
Common gynecological complaints
o Bleeding (vaginal)
o Pain (specify: use 9 regions of abdomen)
o Mass (abdominal or pelvic)
o Vaginal discharge
o Urinary or GI symptoms
o Protrusion out of the vagina
o Infertility

HPI (History of Present Illness)

Refers to the chief complaint
o Duration
o Severity
o Precipitating factors
o Occurrence in relation to other events

Menstrual cycle

Voiding

Bowel movements

History of similar symptoms

Outcome of previous therapies

Impact on the patient’s:
o Quality of life
o Self-image
o Relationship with the family (sexual history
to husband)
o Daily activities
Menstrual History

Age of menarche

Date of onset of menstrual periods

Duration and quantity (i.e. number of pads used per
day) of flow

Degree of Discomfort

Premenstrual symptoms

Cycle
o Counted from the first day of menstrual flow
of one cycle to the first day of menstrual
flow of the next

Range of normal is wide
o Normal range of ovulatory cycles

Between 21 & 35 days
o 28-day cycle represent the median cycle
o A recent change in the usual pattern maybe
a more reliable sign of a problem

Average menstrual blood loss
o 30 ml (entire)
o 10-80 ml (normal range)

Excessive menses
o Need to frequently change saturated
sanitary pads or tampons
o Passage of many or large blood clots

Dysmenorrhea
o Painful menstruation
o Discomfort or pain at the hypogastric area,
often associated with backache
o Common
o Begins just before or soon after the onset of
bleeding
o Subsides by day 2 or 3 of flow
o May be associated with systemic symptoms
Obstetric History











Number of pregnancies
FPAL
Complications of previous pregnancies
o Antepartum, intrapartum or postpartum
Duration of labor
Type of delivery
o Place: hospital, house, hilot, TBA, physician
Anesthesia used
Perinatal status of fetus
o Birthweight
o Early growth and development of children
including feeding habits, growth, overall
well-being, current status
History of Infertility
o Evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, outcome

Medical History

Allergies

Past and current medical and surgical problems

Previous hospitalizations
o Reason, date, outcome

Vaccination
o Type, date
Surgical History

Operative procedure
o Outcomes
o Complications
o Surgical diagnosis
o Pathologic diagnosis
Review of Systems (subjective)

Pulmonary

Cardiovascular

Gastrointestinal

Genital

Urinary
o Don’t combine, as in GU

Vascular

Neurologic

Endocrinologic

Immunologic
Breast Symptoms

Masses

Galactorrhea

Pain

Family history
Social History

Marital status
o Number of years married
o Period of infertility

Drug (causes abruption placenta), alcohol use,
smoking

Occupational History
o Exposure to radiation
o Infectious agents

Sexual History
o Partners, protection from STDs

Emotional or sexual abuse
Family History




Significant medical and surgical disorders that runs
in the family
Heredofamilial diseases

Evaluation of the General Appearance

General Impression
o Level of consciousness
o Ambulatory
o Nutritional state
o Presence of facial or excessive body hair
o Vital signs
Physical Examination (PE)

(objective)

Follows IPPA (with exception of certain organs)

Head and Neck

Chest and Lungs

Heart

Breast

Abdomen

Lower extremities

Pelvic examination
Gynecological Examination

Pelvic Examination
o Most commonly performed medical
procedure
o Performed during the first visit
o Patient should be encouraged to give
feedback during PE to reduce anxiety
o Lithotomy position

Patient lying on her back with both
knees flexed

Buttocks are positioned at the edge
of the table

The feet are supported by stirrups
o The patient should empty her bladder just
before the examination

Pelvic Examination consist of:
o Inspection

Visual inspection of the vulva

Speculum examination – vagina and
cervix
o Palpation

Bimanual pelvic examination
o Lithotomy position to allow adequate
exposure
o She should be comfortable and properly
draped
o Should not be painful except in:

Virgins and has not used tampons
for menstrual protection

In women with inflammatory
processes

Menopausic nulligravid
Inspection of the Vulva
o The vulva should be examined for:

General state of hygiene

Growth of hair

Regions of ulceration and rash

Discoloration

Labial abnormality

Excessive vaginal discharge








Lochia – discharged after
delivery
Evidence of perineal trauma from
previous deliveries
Evidence of rectal disease –
hemorrhoids
Bartholin’s and Skeene’s glands can
be inspected and palpated
Presence of ectovaginal fistula or
prolapsed

Guidelines in Daily Pelvic Examination

Warning
o The physician should prepare the patient for
any pelvic examination by warning her in
advance and examining fingers and
speculum

Important:
o Not only because the patient cannot see
what is going on
o But also because the area to be examined is
extremely sensitive, both psychologically
and physically
Inspection of the Vagina and Cervix

Grave’s Speculum
o Employed for visualization of the vagina and
cervix
o Bivalve

Anterior valve shorter than the
posterior valve
Speculum Examination

Techniques that should be remembered in speculum
exam

If for pap smear, the speculum
should be warmed, either by a
warming device or placing in warm
water, if and then it should be
lubricated

By spreading the labia and placing
some tension on the posterior
fourchet, the speculum can be
gently inserted at an angle of about
45O to avoid the urethra
o Speculum insertion

Placing the tranverse diameter of
the blades in the anteroposterior
position and guding the blades
through the introitus in a downward
motion with the tips pointing toward
the rectum

The anterior wall of the vagina is
backed by the pubic symphysis,
upward pressure causes patient
discomfort.

In the resting state, the vagina lies
on the rectum and actually extends
to the rectum

The speculum should be turned so
that the transverse axis of the
blades is in transverse axis of the
vagina

It should now lie inferior to the
cervix











With gentle opening of the
speculum, the valves separate and
the cervix can be visualized
The blades should be inserted to
their full length
The cervix is inspected next
It should be pink, shiny and clear
Nulliparous – external os should be
round
Parous – external os takes on a
fishmouth appearance

With previous cervical
lacerations, healed stellate
laceration may be found

Inspection
o The cervix should be inspected for

Color

Erosion

Degree of discharge (leucorrhea –
discharges other than blood)

Evidence of trauma

Presence of lesion
*Pap smear is encouraged if not done yet

Pap Smear

Major objectives:
1. sample exfoliated cells from the
endocervical canal
2. Scrape the transitional zone

A collection of cells from the posterior fornix
(maturation index)
Bimanual Pelvic Exam

After the speculum has been….

It is helpful to place a stool at the base of the
examining table and support the examining arm and
elbow during the examination
o This support of the elbow allows greater
sensitivity in the examining fingers

At the same time, a second dimension is added by
employing the other hand to pressure the abdomen

One hould rquire proficiency with the index and
middle fingers of one hand and then always use that
hand for the vaginal examination as the:
1. Vaginal hand (non-dominant hand)
2. The other as an abdominal hand (dominant
hand)
Palpation by Bimanual Examination

Basically allows the physician to palpate the uterus
and the adnexa

The lubricated index and middle fingers of the
dominant hand are placed within the vagina, and
the thumb is folded under
o So as not to cause the patient distress in the
area of the mons pubis, clitoris and pubic
symphysis

The fingers are inserted deeply into the vagina so
that they rest beneath the cervix in the posterior
fornix

The physician should be in a comfortable position,
generally with the leg on the side of the vaginal
examining hand on a table lift and the elbow of that
arm resting on the knee.











The opposite hand is in the patient’s abdomen
above the pubic symphysis
The first palpable… is the cervix
Next is the anteriorly displaced uterus
The flat of the fingers are used for palpation
The uterus is then elevated by pressing up on the
cervix and delivers the uterus to the abdominal
hand so that the uterus may be placed placed
between the two hands
o Identify position, size , shape, consistency
and mobility
The shape of the uterus shuld be described in detail.
The consistency of the uterus is generally firm but
not rock-hard
Any underlying tenderness
o May imply an inflammatory process

Examination of the adnexa

If the right hand is the pelvic hand, the first two
fingers of the right hand are then moved into the
right vaginal fornix as deeply as they can be
inserted

Cervical and adnexal tenderness:
o Ectopic pregnancy
o PID/Salphigitis
o Endometriosis

A normal ovary is approximately 3 cm b 2 cm (about
the size of a walnut) and will sweep between the
two fingers with ease unless it is fixed in an
abnormal position by adhesions.

When the adnexa is palpated, its size, mobility and
consistency must be determined

Adnexa are usually not palpable in postmenopausal
women

If palpable adnexa in menopause may need further
investigation for ovarian pathology, if enlarged
Rectovaginal Examination (read book… its beyond my
powers…)

Confirm bimanual examination


Hemorrh



Should be employed in all patients

After…



o Uterosacral ligament


Any thickening or beadiness
(endometriosis/inflammation)

If the uterus is retroverted
Summary (inspection and palpation only)

o

o


Vagina
o Leukorrhea







o Color
Cervix
o
o
o
Uterus
o
o
o
Adnexa
o
o
o

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