Health and Social Care

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P1 Concepts

Nutrition for Health and Social Care

Sarah Harrison

Food – any substance that the body can metabolize to give the body energy. It can be carbohydrates, fats, sugar, dairy and fruit and vegetables.

Diet – diet is the food and drink that we consume. Having a ‘good, balanced’ diet is where you eat the right amount of foods from each food group. However, having a ‘bad, unbalanced’ diet is where you eat too much food from one food group, or not enough from another.

Meals and snacks – you are recommended to have three meals a day, breakfast which is eaten in the morning, Lunch which is eaten midday, and tea which is eaten in the evening. Snacks are what are eaten during these meal times to cure hunger or boredom.

Nutrients - nutrients are taken through digestion and sunlight. There are recommendations for the amount of nutrients that the body needs in order for the body to perform in the right way.

Nutritional Health Malnutrition - is a condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of nutrients, minerals and vitamins that it needs to keep our organs functioning properly. Malnutrition occurs when someone is either under nourished or over nourished.

Under nutrition – under nutrition is the consequence of not having enough essential nutrients or using more than can be replaced. This can cause different nutrition disorders such as when you don’t get enough iron then this can cause anaemia and when you don’t get enough vitamin C then this can cause scurvy.

Deficiency – deficiency is the lack of vitamins or minerals in the diet or the failure to absorb vitamins or minerals from food.

Over weight – being over weight is having to much bodily fat than is seen healthy.

Obesity – where someone has so much excess bodily fat that they are putting their health at risk.

Nutritional measures

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P1

Nutrition for Health and Social Care

Sarah Harrison

Nutritional and energy balance – this is to measure the amount of nutrients that we take into the body and the amount of energy that it produces. Nutrients are the proteins, fats, sugar, dairy and fruit and vegetables that we eat. Energy is measured in calories. Because of this information we can find out how many calories are needed to do exercise depending on the type of sport it is.

Growth charts – growth charts are part of any standard check up at the doctors. They show how a child is growing in comparison to another child that is the same age and gender. By using a growth chart, it makes it easier for a doctor to spot if there are any signs that signal a problem or illness.

Weight for height and gender – for each person, the healthy weight differs depending on your gender and weight.

Body Mass Index (BMI) – body mass index is a chart that is used to work out what someone’s bodily weight is and if they are under weight, normal, over weight or obese. They work it out by using someone’s height, weight and gender. For example, if you are female, 5ft 4inch and you weight 10stone 1lb then you are at a healthy weight for you gender and height.

Dietary reference –

Nutrient intake – is the amount of a nutrient that is enough to meet the dietary needs of about 97% of a group of people.

Recommended intakes: dietary reference values Nutrients per portion and 100g – on the labels of food packaging, it tells you the nutrients that are in the product per serving and 100g. This includes the amount of calories, the total amount of fat included saturated fat, how much cholesterol it contains, the total amount of carbohydrates including dietary fibre and sugar, the amount of protein it contains, as well as sodium and the vitamins and minerals. Each of the amounts change between portion size and 100g, and it shows you the difference between them.

Dietary intake guidelines

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P1

Nutrition for Health and Social Care

Sarah Harrison

Eat well plate – the eat well plate was designed to make healthy eating easier to understand by showing the types of foods we need, as well as how much of that food group is the recommended amount to eat, to have a healthy and well balanced diet.

Food groups – there are 5 food groups, and these are carbohydrates, dairy, sugar, meat and fruit and vegetables.

5 –a– day – five a day is a campaign that has been set up to promote eating five fruit or vegetables a day. There is a website that gives you tips on how to eat your 5 day, recipes that help you eat your 5 a day and tips for you to grow your own fruit and vegetables.

Organic foods Organic farming is a holistic approach to food production, making use of crop rotation, environmental management and good animal husbandry to control pests and diseases. Organic farmers restrict the use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides. They emphasis on animal welfare and prevention of ill health including stocking densities, free range and choice of suitable breeds. The use of conventional veterinary medicines is focussed on sick animals. They emphasis on soil health and maintaining this through application of manure, compost and crop rotation. They also make sure that there is no use of genetically modified organisms.

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