Health, population, and nutrition

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Health, Population, and Nutrition News & Notes 37/2002
A (nearly) weekly newsletter supported by GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)
In this issue:

HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 1

UPDATE OF E-MAIL ADDRESSES.....................................2 NEW BOOKS........................................................................2
The Tobacco Atlas - launched by WHO.......................................................................3

NEW ONLINE PUBLICATIONS............................................3
Handwashing for Diarrheal Disease Prevention..........................................................3 Using Microfinance to Improve the Quality of Reproductive Health Services...............3 Impact of HIV/AIDS on Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa................................................3 Unsafe Medical Practices Fuel Africa's HIV/AIDS Crisis..............................................4 HIV/AIDS: Awareness and Behaviour..........................................................................4 Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) and Young People: a Summary Overview. .5 A Less Valued Life-Population Policy and Sex Selection in India................................5 Screening Tests to Detect Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections.....................................................................................................................5

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES...............................................5
Radio E-mail in West Africa.........................................................................................5 HIV/AIDS: a Resource for Journalists..........................................................................6 A CD-ROM for Rural Women in Africa: Development of a New Information Tool........6

INTERESTING WEB SITES..................................................6
YoungPositive..............................................................................................................6 AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition (AVAC)..................................................................7 JournAIDS website......................................................................................................7 Public Health Forum....................................................................................................7

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES...............................................8
Cours Intensif d’Initiation à la Recherche sur les Systèmes de Santé.........................8 Master en Recherche sur les Systèmes de Santé (MARSS).......................................8

VACANCIES..........................................................................8
Child Survival Manager - Mozambique........................................................................8

TIPS & TRICKS.....................................................................9
Working with Protected PDF documents.....................................................................9 Grouping files by the first letter of the file name...........................................................9 Microsoft WORD: Keep your tables intact....................................................................9 Update Virus Definition Files.....................................................................................10

UPDATE OF E-MAIL ADDRESSES
Gabriele Riedner <[email protected]> Coordinator, Wellcome Trust STI Studies - Mbeya, Tanzania ***

NEW BOOKS
HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 2

The Tobacco Atlas - launched by WHO
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/releases/pr82/en/ WHO's new Tobacco Atlas provides detailed data from countries on the differences and similarities of the global tobacco control struggle. The Atlas is being promoted as a tool for policy makers as they seek to formulate national and international regulations on tobacco control. Tobacco consumption is increasing all over the world and will kill 8.4 million people a year by year 2020 if drastic control measures are not put into effect. One in two of today's young smokers will die from tobacco-related causes. The developing countries will bear the brunt of the death toll, accounting for over 70 percent of the projected deaths. For more information contact: Helen Green - Information Officer NMH Communications WHO, Geneva Tel.: +41-22-791-3432 Fax: +41-22-791-4832 mailto:[email protected] For copies contact: <[email protected]> ***

NEW ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Handwashing for Diarrheal Disease Prevention
Story of a successful public-private partnership in Central America Partnership for Child Health Care, Inc., Sept. 2001 http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACQ727.pdf ***

Using Microfinance to Improve the Quality of Reproductive Health Services
http://www.cmsproject.com/resources/PDF/CMS_Brief1_UgandaLoan.pdf A microfinancing scheme that provides business-skills training and revolving loans to small-scale private providers can increase client perceptions of quality of services and client loyalty.

Impact of HIV/AIDS on Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa
Fourth Meeting of the Follow-up Committee on the implementation of the DND and the ICPD-PA Yaounde, Cameroon 28-31 January 2002 Economic Commission for Africa http://www.uneca.org/eca_resources/Major_ECA_Websites/icpd/fourth/FC4-05.%20Doc %20Impact%20HIV%20on%20Fertility.htm One of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on individual women and populations in severely affected areas of sub-Saharan Africa is change in fertility levels. HIV/AIDS has influenced fertility of individual women through proximate determinants of fertility, HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 3

namely, marriage, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, breastfeeding, postpartum abstinence, pathological sterility and natural fecundity. Fertility may decline in the era of HIV/AIDS because of delayed onset of sexual relations and age at first union, reduced premarital sexual relations and remarriage and increased marital resolution. Desired family size and condom use are also increased. HIV infected women experience reduced pregnancy rate and rising levels of induced and spontaneous abortion. HIV/AIDS induces sterility, increases foetal mortality and decreases frequency of sexual intercourse and production of spermatozoa. In contrast, the epidemic may increase fertility due to reduced extra marital relations, polygyny, breastfeeding, postpartum abstinence, STD prevalence and spousal separation, increased infant mortality and switching to condom use from more effective contraceptives. Examples of sites in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia indicate that fertility has declined in populations hard hit by HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, it will take long durations of high HIV/AIDS prevalence to reduce fertility at a national scale. ***

Unsafe Medical Practices Fuel Africa's HIV/AIDS Crisis
http://ippfnet.ippf.org/pub/IPPF_News/News_Details.asp?ID=2356 In countries in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere with high HIV prevalence and large numbers of unsafe injections, personal risk as well as the share of the HIV epidemic associated with unsafe injections may be an order of magnitude higher that many experts have supposed. ***

HIV/AIDS: Awareness and Behaviour
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/AIDS_awareness/index.html Defeating the AIDS epidemic will require dramatic changes in sexual and reproductive behaviour. This is the overarching conclusion of a new study released by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, on the occasion of the first anniversary of the special session of the United Nations General Assembly on HIV/AIDS. The study, available in English and French, examines HIV/AIDS-related awareness and behaviour in 39 developing countries, 24 from Africa, seven from Asia, and eight from Latin America and the Caribbean. Among the major findings are: • HIV/AIDS campaigns have raised awareness in many developing countries, especially in urban areas, but, as yet, do not appear to influence individual risk perception and behaviour; • Even in countries where HIV prevalence is high, most people feel that their risk of contracting AIDS is low; • Women are generally less knowledgeable than men about HIV/AIDS, and this gender gap is likely to be related to the status of women and the sensitivity of sexual matters in many cultures; • The single most important source of information about HIV/AIDS is the radio, with radio messages make a significant contribution to awareness and knowledge of the disease; • Among young people, schools have had limited impact on raising awareness and conveying a basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS; • While considerable efforts have been devoted to promoting the use of condoms as part of HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns, condom use among couples remains low in affected countries; and • Enormous challenges lie ahead in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS, especially HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 4

in the rural areas of the developing countries. ***

Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) and Young People: a Summary Overview
Family Health International (FHI), June 2002 Adobe PDF format, 39 pp., 997 kB: http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACQ537.pdf This summary provides an overview of evidence-based data, current experiences, lessons learned, issues for consideration, strategies and recommendations for creating an effective framework for VCT services for young people. It is designed to be used by program planners; organizations providing services to young people or intending to strengthen their existing services by catering to youth populations; staff within government ministries including ministries of health, ministries of youth and ministries of education; and current and potential donors. ***

A Less Valued Life-Population Policy and Sex Selection in India
http://www.genderhealth.org/pubs/MallikSexSelectionIndiaOct2002.pdf Data from the 2001 Census of India reveal continuing declines in the ratio of girls to boys ages 0-6 years old. This article presents a critical examination of the use of modern technology to prevent the birth of girl children in India and the social and political issues surrounding sex selection. The author also offers recommendations for change. ***

Screening Tests to Detect Gonorrhoeae Infections

Chlamydia

Trachomatis

and

Neisseria

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5115a1.htm This new report contains recommendations for selecting laboratory tests for C. trachomatis. In addition, these guidelines consider tests from an economic perspective and expand the previous guidelines to address detection of N. gonorrhoeae as well as C. trachomatis infections.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Radio E-mail in West Africa
Deep inside the warm green interior of Guinea, centered in the frontal lobe of West Africa, field personnel in the widely scattered village-towns of Dabola, Kissidougou and Nzerekore now enjoy access to regular internet e-mail, directly from their desktops. Here we have bridged the digital divide, and there isn't a telephone line or satellite dish in sight. Instead we are moving the mail over distances of hundreds of miles -- over jungled mountains and high palmy savannahs -- through wavelengths of high-frequency HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 5

(HF) radio. Our project is called Radio E-mail, and here is its story: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6299 ***

HIV/AIDS: a Resource for Journalists
Adobe PDf format, 54 pp., 463 kB http://www.health-e.org.za/aidsbooklet.pdf This booklet is a resource to help busy journalists cover the issue of HIV/AIDS effectively. It is produced by Soul City: Institute for Health and Development Communication in partnership with the South African National Editors' Forum, Health-e and the Department of Health. It provides accurate information, reliable contacts and resources. The media can help or hinder attempts to address the AIDS epidemic. The booklet aims to strengthen the media's capacity to play a constructive role. ***

A CD-ROM for Rural Women in Africa: Development of a New Information Tool
The International Women's Tribune Centre (IWTC), working in partnership with the International Development Research/Eastern and Southern Africa Office (IDRC/Nairobi), has developed a new information tool that offers direct access to information for women who are among the most marginalized in development -- poor women with little or no reading ability. The starting place for this initiative is Africa and the starting point is a CD-ROM. Have a look at: http://www.iwtc.org/files/!start.html For further information see: http://www.wougnet.org/News/cdupdate.html or contact: Anne S. Walker <[email protected]> ***

INTERESTING WEB SITES
YoungPositive
http://www.youngpositive.com The Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+) and YoungPositive have formed a new partnership that will give young people the opportunity to have their questions heard and answered. The partnership will emphasise information dissemination, interest representation, policy formulation and concrete activities to enhance efforts to support young people aged 10 to 30 living with HIV/AIDS. Specifically, GNP+ will help YoungPositive set up its organisational structure, translate its website, and give financial assistance for joint activities. For information or contact (they are looking for positive youth activists) mailto:[email protected] HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 6

***

AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition (AVAC)
http://www.avac.org/ The AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition (AVAC) is a seven-year-old community and consumer based advocacy organisation dedicated to accelerating the ethical development and global delivery of vaccines against AIDS. The organisation provides independent analysis, policy advocacy, public education and mobilisation to enhance AIDS vaccine research and development. ***

JournAIDS website
http://www.journ-aids.org/ The JournAIDS website is a project of the Media Support Programme (MSP) of the Centre for AIDS Development Research and Evaluation (CADRE).The MSP provides support to media professionals to ensure in-depth, accurate and critical reporting on HIV/AIDS. The website provides the following features: • • • • • • Contact and projects database providing story ideas Analysis of science journal articles Daily online media reports on HIV/AIDS, and an archive of articles on HIV/AIDS Breaking News Weekly Analysis of issues making the news Fact Sheets on topical issues ***

Public Health Forum
http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/phf/health.htm Seit Juli 2001 berichtet die Zeitschrift 'Public Health Forum' vierteljährlich über das aktuelle Public-Health-Geschehen in der Bundesrepublik. Sie dient dem Informationsaustausch zwischen Forschung, Lehre und Versorgungspraxis, ohne jedoch eine rein wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschrift zu sein. Jede Ausgabe des Public Health Forum widmet sich einem Schwerpunktthema, zu dem neben einzelnen Übersichten Projekte über ihre Forschungsergebnisse berichten. Erfahrungen und Beispiele aus der Praxis ergänzen die Darstellung. Daneben informiert das Public Health Forum regelmäßig über die Public-Health-Lehre und - Forschung in Europa, Neuigkeiten aus den Forschungsverbünden und Studiengängen sowie über Public Health relevante Veranstaltungen. Weitere feste Rubriken sind Veranstaltungen und Literaturhinweise. Schwerpunktthemen waren bisher: Arbeit und Gesundheit, Gesundheit im Alter, Stadtentwicklung und Gesundheit, Public Health International, Patientenorientierung, Neue Medien, Health Promotion, Public Health Outcomes, Genetik, Ernährung, Prioritätensetzung im Gesundheitswesen, soziale Ungleichheit, Berufe im Gesundheitswesen und Infektionskrankheiten. Die nächsten Ausgaben befassen sich mit 10 Jahre Public Health in Deutschland, Gewalt, Kinder und Jugendliche. *** HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 7

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Cours Intensif d’Initiation à la Recherche sur les Systèmes de Santé
2 juin - 25 juillet 2003

Master en Recherche sur les Systèmes de Santé (MARSS)
juin 2003 - mai 2004 Universite Libre de Bruxelles Ecole de Sante Publique Departement Politiques et Systemes de Sante Unite Politiques et Programmes de Sante dans les Pays en Developpement (Professeur Bruno Dujardin) Tous les détails concernant ce cours se trouvent à l’adresse http://www.ulb.ac.be/esp/ppsped et http://www.sante-publique.net Renseignements complémentaires et formulaire d’inscription Mme Agnès Malice (Secrétaire) Tél.: +32-2-555-4800 Fax: +32-2-555-4049 mailto:[email protected] Adresse postale: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ecole de Santé Publique Département Politiques et Systèmes de Santé Unité Politiques et Programmes de Santé dans les Pays en Développement Campus Erasme - CP 597 Route de Lennik 808 B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgique ***

VACANCIES
Child Survival Manager - Mozambique
Health Alliance International (HAI), Mozambique Child Survival Program Manager wanted for 5-year extension of Health Alliance International's child survival program in two provinces in central Mozambique. The program interventions respond to the problems HIV/AIDS, malaria, and maternal care. Program manager will provide overall management and direction for the CS project, based in Beira, Mozambique, including planning of activities, training and supervision of staff, oversight of implementation of interventions, fiscal over-sight, production of program reports, and coordination of evaluation efforts. HAI has a well-established program in the area in which staff work closely with the MOH, local NGOs, and community groups to improve the demand for and access to quality health services. Reports to HAI Country Coordinator in Mozambique. Requirements: Public health degree (masters level or above), Portuguese (or Spanish) fluency, good HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 8

written and verbal communication skills in English, and at least 3 years progressive experience with community-level health programs in developing countries. Preference will be given to Mozambican nationals and applicants having relevant work experience in southern Africa. For more information please contact <[email protected]>, or to apply please send a current resume with three references and a cover letter summarizing your experience and other qualifications to: Loreen Lee Health Alliance International 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 410 Seattle WA 98105, USA mailto:[email protected] ***

TIPS & TRICKS
Working with Protected PDF documents
You might have come across Adobe PDF documents that are copy protected so you might not be able to print it or copy even parts of it. If you still need to work with the document there is a way around - though a bit cumbersome. Open the document in Acrobat Reader and copy page by page into a Graphics Programme: • in Acrobat Reader click View | Fit Visible • hold down the ALT key and press PrintScrn (for a Screenshot) • open a Graphics Programme (.e.g. PhotoShop, PaintShop Pro, etc.) • paste the copied Screenshots page by page into the programme • save as .jpg or .tif images. Open your Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Programme (Omnipage, FineReader etc.) and let the OCR programme transform the graphics into editable ASCII characters you can work with. ***

Grouping files by the first letter of the file name
Did you know that you can tell Windows XP to show you files grouped by the first letter of the file name? It's quite nifty, especially for picture files that have been renamed en masse. To do it, just go into Windows Explorer and click View | Icons and then Arrange Icons by... | Show in Groups. ***

Microsoft WORD: Keep your tables intact
If you don't want a table in your Microsoft Word document to break up at the end of a page as it spills onto the next one, you can tell WORD to keep it intact. How? Select the HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 9

table. If you use WORD 97: click “Table” on the Menu Bar and choose “Cell Height And Width”. In the dialog box, click the “Rows” tab and click to deselect the option “Allow Row To Break Across Pages”. For WORD 2000 users: click “Table” on the Menu Bar and choose “Table Properties”. In the dialog box, click the “Rows” tab and click to deselect the option “Allow Row To Break Across Pages”. ***

Update Virus Definition Files
Please be reminded that when you return from 'Dienstreise' or vacation and turn on your computer again to read e-mail...that first you must make sure that your anti-virus software has had its virus definitions updated. It's hard to resist the temptation of reading the e-mail before attending to this important detail. Otherwise you may be a sitting duck for the newest viruses -- which are probably already waiting to be launched from attachments on your in-coming e-mail. (Despite the repeated warnings, people still keep opening suspicious attachments.) Best regards, Dieter Neuvians [email protected]

HPN-News & Notes - 37/2002 - page 10

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