Health Promotion for the Adolescent
Content
Health Promotion For The Adolescent - Presentation Transcript
Health Promotion for the Adolescent (Ages 11-21) Suzanne Green, RN NSG 624
A Time of Changes
A time of rapid physical changes Growth occurs to reach most of adult height Puberty Mental growth – understanding logical and abstract thinking Moral growth Growth in independence
Female Puberty
Female puberty usually begins 2 years earlier than males Females also have an earlier growth spurt than males Breast bud development followed by growth spurt Onset of menstruation approximately 2 years after appearance of breast buds Axillary and pubic hair Sweat glands and sebaceous glands more active Puberty should begin by 13 years
Male Puberty
Thinning of scrotal sac and enlargement of testicles Ejaculation is a milestone Nocturnal emissions may occur and are normal Facial hair Pubic hair Voice deepens Growth spurt Puberty should begin by 14 years
Potential Physical Problems of Puberty Scoliosis S-Shaped curvature of the spine Scoliosis screening recommended Early intervention is important Acne Body image is an important issue for adolescents!
Objectives for Adolescents
Reduce prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents ages 12-19 Reduce the incidence of suicide and injurious suicide attempts among adolescents ages 15-19 Reduce deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents among youths ages 15-24 Increase the proportion of high school seniors who associate risk of physical or psychological harm with heavy use of alcohol, regular use of marijuana, and experimentation with cocaine Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9-12 who abstain from intercourse or use condoms if sexually active
Health Perception-Health Management Pattern
Adolescents have fewer acute illnesses than younger children and fewer chronic illnesses than adults. Should still be seen by their provider regularly to monitor physical and psychological changes. Developing good health habits now will develop patterns that can last a lifetime. Watch out for risk-taking behaviors.
Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern
Teens are concerned with body image. At risk for eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa May experiment with new eating habits, such as vegetarianism Fast food, soda, and sweets may be consumed in excess Obesity in teens is also a problem
Elimination Pattern
Renal and GI systems are functionally mature in adolescents Elimination patterns are consistent with adult patterns Eating disorders may affect elimination Modesty may affect elimination patterns in public places such as school
Activity-Exercise Pattern
Lean muscle growth in adolescents result in increased strength and endurance Regular exercise should be encouraged Organized sports promote healthy lifestyle patterns Sports physicals are a good opportunity for the practitioner to make contact with the elusive adolescent!
Sleep-Rest Pattern
Adolescents need an average of 8 hours sleep each night Work and other activities put adolescents at risk for sleep deprivation. Strive for a good balance to prevent burn-out.
Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern
Able to think abstractly. Reemergence of egocentrism Often think they are unique or exceptional, resulting in risk-taking behaviors. Adolescents are idealists-often reject traditional ideas such as family beliefs or religion Primary developmental role is establishing identity Approval of peers is important May try on many different roles seeking the right “me”
Self-Perception-Self-Concept Pattern
Self-perception and body image are important At risk for low self-esteem Praise adolescents for who they are, rather than what they do Value the adolescent for his or her unique abilities
Roles-Relationships Pattern
Peer group replaces parents as most important influence Belonging to the “clique” or “gang” is important to the adolescent May conform to the peer group’s style of dress and speech Parents can maintain communication with their teen by listening, negotiating, and finding ways to voice concerns in an open, honest way
Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern
Adolescents become aware of themselves as sexual human beings May become sexually active for a variety of reasons Seeking affection Peer pressure As a symbol of maturity May question of they are homosexual Same-sex experimentation does not necessarily indicate homosexuality Risks: Adolescent pregnancy STD’s
Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern
Adolescents often lack the maturity to cope with stresses At risk for depression and suicide Watch for verbal and non-verbal clues of depression and suicide
Warning signs include: Increased risk taking Substance abuse Decreased appetite Alienation from family or peers Mood swings Sleep disorders Preoccupation with death
Values-Beliefs Pattern
Adolescents begin to form moral reasoning Understand right or wrong May know what is right, but choose wrong due to peer pressure Often align their beliefs with a particular religion or philosophical school of thought, although their allegiances may change frequently Parents, teachers, and health care providers should provide positive role modeling Reinforce positive behaviors This is the time in life we may like our children the least and they need us the most!
Safety Issues
Accidents are among the leading causes of death and injury during adolescence. Motor vehicle fatality rate for adolescents is 20 times higher than for any other age group Encourage seat belt use Encourage to avoid drunk driving, cell phone use while driving, distractions such as too many passengers, changing radio stations, etc.
Safety Issues
Sports injuries are common Promote use of protective gear Practitioners should perform a thorough sports physical
Watch for teens who may turn to steroids and creatine which may put them at risk for injury and other
health
problems
Safety Issues
Adolescents today face an unprecedented risk of injury due to violence May feel pressure to join gangs or carry weapons to protect themselves Teens who are valued and nurtured by caring adults are less at risk to turn to violence
Safety Issues
Substance use and abuse can be a significant problem for teens Includes alcohol, drugs and tobacco Health care providers and parents should watch for signs
Health Promotion for the Adolescent (Ages 11-21) Suzanne Green, RN NSG 624
A Time of Changes
A time of rapid physical changes Growth occurs to reach most of adult height Puberty Mental growth – understanding logical and abstract thinking Moral growth Growth in independence
Female Puberty
Female puberty usually begins 2 years earlier than males Females also have an earlier growth spurt than males Breast bud development followed by growth spurt Onset of menstruation approximately 2 years after appearance of breast buds Axillary and pubic hair Sweat glands and sebaceous glands more active Puberty should begin by 13 years
Male Puberty
Thinning of scrotal sac and enlargement of testicles Ejaculation is a milestone Nocturnal emissions may occur and are normal Facial hair Pubic hair Voice deepens Growth spurt Puberty should begin by 14 years
Potential Physical Problems of Puberty Scoliosis S-Shaped curvature of the spine Scoliosis screening recommended Early intervention is important Acne Body image is an important issue for adolescents!
Objectives for Adolescents
Reduce prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents ages 12-19 Reduce the incidence of suicide and injurious suicide attempts among adolescents ages 15-19 Reduce deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents among youths ages 15-24 Increase the proportion of high school seniors who associate risk of physical or psychological harm with heavy use of alcohol, regular use of marijuana, and experimentation with cocaine Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9-12 who abstain from intercourse or use condoms if sexually active
Health Perception-Health Management Pattern
Adolescents have fewer acute illnesses than younger children and fewer chronic illnesses than adults. Should still be seen by their provider regularly to monitor physical and psychological changes. Developing good health habits now will develop patterns that can last a lifetime. Watch out for risk-taking behaviors.
Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern
Teens are concerned with body image. At risk for eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa May experiment with new eating habits, such as vegetarianism Fast food, soda, and sweets may be consumed in excess Obesity in teens is also a problem
Elimination Pattern
Renal and GI systems are functionally mature in adolescents Elimination patterns are consistent with adult patterns Eating disorders may affect elimination Modesty may affect elimination patterns in public places such as school
Activity-Exercise Pattern
Lean muscle growth in adolescents result in increased strength and endurance Regular exercise should be encouraged Organized sports promote healthy lifestyle patterns Sports physicals are a good opportunity for the practitioner to make contact with the elusive adolescent!
Sleep-Rest Pattern
Adolescents need an average of 8 hours sleep each night Work and other activities put adolescents at risk for sleep deprivation. Strive for a good balance to prevent burn-out.
Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern
Able to think abstractly. Reemergence of egocentrism Often think they are unique or exceptional, resulting in risk-taking behaviors. Adolescents are idealists-often reject traditional ideas such as family beliefs or religion Primary developmental role is establishing identity Approval of peers is important May try on many different roles seeking the right “me”
Self-Perception-Self-Concept Pattern
Self-perception and body image are important At risk for low self-esteem Praise adolescents for who they are, rather than what they do Value the adolescent for his or her unique abilities
Roles-Relationships Pattern
Peer group replaces parents as most important influence Belonging to the “clique” or “gang” is important to the adolescent May conform to the peer group’s style of dress and speech Parents can maintain communication with their teen by listening, negotiating, and finding ways to voice concerns in an open, honest way
Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern
Adolescents become aware of themselves as sexual human beings May become sexually active for a variety of reasons Seeking affection Peer pressure As a symbol of maturity May question of they are homosexual Same-sex experimentation does not necessarily indicate homosexuality Risks: Adolescent pregnancy STD’s
Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern
Adolescents often lack the maturity to cope with stresses At risk for depression and suicide Watch for verbal and non-verbal clues of depression and suicide
Warning signs include: Increased risk taking Substance abuse Decreased appetite Alienation from family or peers Mood swings Sleep disorders Preoccupation with death
Values-Beliefs Pattern
Adolescents begin to form moral reasoning Understand right or wrong May know what is right, but choose wrong due to peer pressure Often align their beliefs with a particular religion or philosophical school of thought, although their allegiances may change frequently Parents, teachers, and health care providers should provide positive role modeling Reinforce positive behaviors This is the time in life we may like our children the least and they need us the most!
Safety Issues
Accidents are among the leading causes of death and injury during adolescence. Motor vehicle fatality rate for adolescents is 20 times higher than for any other age group Encourage seat belt use Encourage to avoid drunk driving, cell phone use while driving, distractions such as too many passengers, changing radio stations, etc.
Safety Issues
Sports injuries are common Promote use of protective gear Practitioners should perform a thorough sports physical
Watch for teens who may turn to steroids and creatine which may put them at risk for injury and other
health
problems
Safety Issues
Adolescents today face an unprecedented risk of injury due to violence May feel pressure to join gangs or carry weapons to protect themselves Teens who are valued and nurtured by caring adults are less at risk to turn to violence
Safety Issues
Substance use and abuse can be a significant problem for teens Includes alcohol, drugs and tobacco Health care providers and parents should watch for signs
