Health Promotion

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Content

Long term support Access Personalised service Victim blaming Medicalisation of social problem

thinking through concepts

understanding Interest/motivation

knowledge Credible Positive Interest of GP Negative

Cognitive

Learning outcomes/ Bloom's taxonomy

Attitudes Time constraints Position of doctors for health promotion 5% more smokers quit if suggested to cut down

Lectures

Feelings

Support groups

e.g. Motivation

Affective

Emotions Anticipatory care Pieterse et al 2001 Opportunistic health promotion Body image Fitting in (friends/family/role models Media Rustick et al 1999 15% more drinkers cut down to safer intake if suggested Factors affecting smoking Personal environment Beliefs Parents Attitudes

practical/physical skills

Skills (psychomotor)

e.g. showing new cookery skills

Wider environment Social class SMOKING Increase price 364000 hospital admissions Ban on smoking indoors (done 2006) Scottish targets + potential action 7 million prescriptions 8 million GP consultations 115000 people per year die (2006) place product Health promotion Tobacco industry promotion price Peer pressure

Education

Prevention

TANNAHILL MODEL 1985

Healthy Public Policy

Cessation support groups

NHS spent £1.5 billion 2006 Cost worldwide 4.8 million died (half in developing countries) predicted rise to 10 million in 2020 ( cigarettes kill half lifetime users Taste Children Parents School DIET diet information for expecting mothers reduce unsaturated fat intake support for breastfeeding Scottish target reduce fat intake from 40 to 35% total intake Increase taxation, combat smuggling Research + evaluation programmes Big 3 associated with poor diet Promote + strengthen public awareness CVD mental health problems cancer increase fruit and vegetable consumption FCTC Ban advertising Friends Regulate packaging + content 1/2 of these before 70 (21 years lost) Mackay 2006, Davies 2007)

Stop uptake by education + risks etc

Years to life

Life to years

AIMS OF HEALTH PROMOTION

social engineering

Reduce young people smoking (13-15) to 11% by 2010 Reduce access to vending machines (bars not restaurants/hotels)

Health to life

Prevent disease; promote health

individual prevention

Cost/resources

Body image

Teens

individual empowerment

Skills/time

Crack down on underage sales

Peers

Access

Income

Factors affecting diet

Skills

Adults

Time constraints

Protect people from smoke in workplace, public indoor areas Promote cessation + treatment

Access

Mobility

Government support

Older people

Social support

Social class (LOWER)

more high energy food as cheaper

lower income means possibly no car therefore less access

more full-fat milk, cereal, potatoes, meat, fats, sugar

Less fruit and vegetable consumption

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