Healthcare

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“YOU WILL BE NEARER TO HEAVEN THROUGH
FOOTBALL THAN THROUGH THE STUDY OF THE GITA”

HEALTH ISSUES IN INDIASMOKING-THE SILENT KILLER
One million Indians die every year from tobaccorelated diseases. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), coronary artery disease and a major risk factor for coronary heart disease & Lung cancer.  "Passive smoking: It is the phenomenon where non-smokers involuntarily inhale the smoke of nearby smokers. Passive smoking is associated with an overall 23 per cent increase in risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among men and women who had never smoked.




“In Oct 2008,Supreme Court directed all states and Union Territories to immediately issue orders banning smoking in public places and public transports, including railways.”



BUT HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE SMOKING BAN ?

MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTHCARE ISSUES:



The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for India is 230. This is compared with 253.8 in 2008 and 523.3 in 1990. (Source: The State of the world's midwifery 2011 report released by the United Nations Population fund in June 2011.) The number of deaths of children below the age of five is the highest in the world, with 17.26 lakh children dying each year in the country.(Source: The State of the World’s Children 2011 released by UNICEF.) India ranks fifth from below on the list of countries with highest percentage of children born with low birth-weight, i.e Malnutrition. (Source: The State of the World’s Children 2011 released by UNICEF.) India has the highest population of underweight children below the age of five, with 48 per cent of Indian children being underweight.







STATISTICS TO BE KNOWN(SOURCE: CIA WORLD FACTBOOK, JULY 2011)


Birth rate: 20.97 births/1,000 population Death rate: 7.48 deaths/1,000 population Life expectancy at birth: Total population: 66.8 years Male: 65.77 years Female: 67.95 years







Infant mortality rate: Total: 47.57 deaths/1,000 live births Male: 46.18 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 49.14 deaths/1,000 live births

OTHER MAJOR HEALTH ISSUES:


According to the World Health Organization 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water and breathing in polluted air. Rise in chronic adult diseases such as cardiovascular illnesses and diabetes as a consequence of changing lifestyles. India is also home to an estimated 24 lakh HIV patients, the third largest in the world after South Africa (56 lakh) and Nigeria (33 lakh).







Also, 8.8 lakh women, above the age of 15, are affected by HIV in the country, and hence, are exposed to Mother to Child Transmission risk of HIV. Yet, merely 36 per cent of male and 20 per cent of female in the country have a comprehensive knowledge about HIV.



The lack of toilet facilities in many areas also presents a major health risk. Open defecation is widespread even in urban areas of India, and it was estimated in 2002 by the World Health Organisation that around 700,000 Indians die each year from diarrhoea. No city in India has full-day water supply. India has 0.9 beds per 1000 people, compared to a global average of 3.3. It needs 100,000 additional hospital beds each year, at an investment of about Rs. 45,000-50,000 crore per year for the next 10 years. (Source: CII-Mckinsey study)



GOVERNMENT

SCHEMES

GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR HIV/AIDS:


National AIDS Committee in 1986 was established.

The

Indian government set up the National AIDS Control Programme in 1987 to co-ordinate national responses such as blood screening and health education.
In

1992, the government set up the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) to oversee policies and prevention and control programmes relating to HIV and AIDS.
The

National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) was established for HIV prevention. The State AIDS Control Societies (SACS) was set up in 25 societies and 7 union territories for improving blood safety.

•In

1999, the second phase of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP II) was introduced to decrease the reach of HIV.
•In

2007, the third phase of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP III) targeted the high-risk groups,. It also decentralised the effort to local levels and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to provide welfare services to the affected.
•Currently,

India spends about 5% of its health budget on

HIV/AIDS.

Medical Tourism
•13

Indian hospitals have been accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI).
•In

order to attract foreign patients many Indian hospitals are promoting their international quality of healthcare delivery.

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
•Launched

on April 12, 2005 with the objective of providing accessible and affordable quality health services to the poor households in the remote and rural parts of the country.
•It

is being operationalized throughout the country with special focus on 18 States.
•Under

the NRHM immunization programme,Government provides vaccination to prevent six vaccine preventable diseases i.e. Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, and Measles.
•Newer

initiatives were taken as a part of the state Programme Implementation Plan (PIP).

•In

June 2002, a pilot project for the introduction of Hepatitis-B vaccine was launched which was implemented in 33 districts and 15 metropolitan cities..
•After

its success, the Hepatitis B programme was expanded to 10 states in a phased manner.
•The

Union Ministry is launching National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) in Public Private Partnership mode in order to address the primary health needs of people who live in urban areas.

National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)

•National

Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) (previously known as National Institute of Communicable Diseases) is an institute under the Indian Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
•It

was established in July 1963. Currently it has eight branches to advise the respective state governments on public health.

Expenditure
•In

the mid-1990s, health spending amounted to 6% of GDP, one of the highest levels among developing nations.
•The

established per capita spending is around Rs 320 per

year.
•State

governments contribute 15.2%, the central government 5.2%, third-party insurance and employers 3.3%, and municipal government and foreign donors about 1.3%, according to a 1995 World Bank study.
•Of

these proportions, 58.7% goes toward primary health care and 38.8% is spent on secondary and tertiary inpatient care. The rest goes for nonservice costs.

The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–78) included programs to assist delivery of preventive medicine and improve the health status of the rural population. The SIXTH Five-Year Plan aimed at training more community health workers and increasing efforts to control communicable diseases. There were also efforts to improve regional imbalances in the distribution of health care resources. The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985–89) budgeted Rs 33.9 billion for health. Mid-way through the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992–96), however, health and family welfare was budgeted at Rs 20 billion, with an additional Rs 3.6 billion in the nonplan budget.

Central government's role
Central government efforts at influencing public health have focused on the five-year plans, on coordinated planning with the states, and on sponsoring major health programs. The 1983 National Health Policy is committed to providing health services to all by 2000. Although government health care spending progressively grew throughout the 1980s, still spending as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP) remained fairly constant. In the meantime, health care spending as a share of total government spending decreased. During the same period, private-sector spending on health care was about 1.5 times as much as government spending.

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