Industrial Automation

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INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION . AIM: The aim of this project is used for automation of mechatronic processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, control of amusement rides, or control of lighting fixtures. More recently electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions. These systems are being advanced by ongoing research and development activities; one major activity entails the application with sensors to material-handling, inspection, and assembly operations. 1) Now a day’s everyone knows what type of security we need, security in almost all the cases. But even after taking care we are still unsatisfied with the security which we provide by you. So as the technology is growing we are implementing new ideas over security purpose. One such thing is using PIR sensor which is used to detecting the human motion. The THEFT IDENTIFICATION AND SYTEM USING RF” indicates itself that whenever someone wants to theft any ingredients which are present in the industry then the theft will be automatically arrested with the help of some human detecting sensors and makes the alarm. That means it makes us alert and the theft can be caught. This project consists of two sections. The transmitter section consists of a PIR sensor, a motor a micro controller, a RF encoder and RF transmitter module. Whenever someone try to theft any important thing or any ingredients which are present in the industry. At that there is one PIR sensor is placed in ‘ON’ condition at that time it will start detecting the motion of human being. If the sensor detects then automatically within few seconds and gives the intimation to the owner of that industry through the RF communication. The buzzer will be ‘on’ for indicating that someone is entered, buzzer will not be stopped until reset switch is pressed by the owner which is present at the transmitter section.

2) This is basically a Schmitt Trigger circuit which receives input from a cadmium sulfide photo cell and controls a relay that can be used to switch off and on a street lamp at dawn and dusk. I have built the circuit with a 120 ohm/12 volt relay and monitored performance using a lamp dimmer, but did not connect the relay to an outside light. The photo cell should be shielded from the lamp to prevent feedback and is usually mounted above the light on top of a reflector and pointed upward at the sky so the lamp light does not strike the photo cell and switch off the lamp. The photo cell is wired in series with a potentiometer so the voltage at the junction (and base of transistor) can be adjusted to about half the supply, at the desired ambient light level. The two PNP transistors are connected with a common emitter resistor for positive feedback so as one transistor turns on, the other will turn off, and vice versa. Under dark conditions, the photo cell resistance will be higher than the potentiometer producing a voltage at Q1 that is higher than the base voltage at Q2 which causes Q2 to conduct and activate the relay. The switching points are about 8 volts and 4 volts using the resistor values shown but could be brought closer together by using a lower value for the 7.5K resistor. 3.3K would move the levels to about 3.5 and 5.5 for a range of 2 volts instead of 4 so the relay turns on and off closer to the same ambient light level. The potentiometer would need to be readjusted so that the voltage is around 4.5 at the desired ambient condition.

3) A chip architecture that integrates a fingerprint sensor and an identifier in a single chip is proposed. The fingerprint identifier is formed by an array of pixels, and each pixel contains a sensing element and a processing element. The sensing element senses capacitances formed by a finger surface to capture a fingerprint image. Identification is performed by the pixel-parallel processing of the pixels. The sensing element is built above the processing element in each pixel. The chip architecture realizes a wide-area sensor without a large increase of chip size and ensures high sensor sensitivity while maintaining a high image density. The sensing element is covered with a hard film to prevent physical and chemical degradation and surrounded by a ground wall to shield it.

The wall is also exposed on the chip surface to protect against damage by electrostatic

discharges from the finger contacting the chip. A 15* 15 mm2 single-chip fingerprint sensor/identifier LSI was fabricated using 0.5 m standard CMOS with the sensor process. The sensor area is 10.1* 13.5 mm2: The sensing and identification time is 102 ms with power consumption of 8.8 mW at 3.3 V. Five hundred tests confirmed a stranger-rejection rate of the chip of more than 99% and a user-rejection rate of less than 1%. 4) The Project Automatic Parking System using 89S52 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89S52 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR TX – RX pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into/out of park. These two IR TX – RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the road. so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message “parking s p a c e f o r 1 0 vehicles”. T h e n u m b e r i n d i c a t e s t h e m a x i m u m c a p a c i t y o f p a r k i n t h i s project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed o n l y a f t e r t h e c a r l e a v e s t h e s e c o n d I R p a i r s i n c e t h e m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s h o u l d k n o w whether the car left the gate or not.

Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD the count reaches ‘0’, i.e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display “NO SPACE FOR PARKING” on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries entering the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is u s e d f o r relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out-put of secondary of 230/12Vstep down transformer.

ADVANTAGES: • Industrial automation and process control greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Most complex industrial automation processes and systems can be automated.
• Auto Pay parking lot systems are becoming increasingly popular because they are more convenient for customers.

DISADVANTAGES: • Automation affects not only the number of workers in factories but also the type of work that is done.

APPLICATIONS: 1. Markets for fingerprint technology include entrance control and door-lock applications, fingerprint identification mouse, fingerprint mobile phones, and many others. The fingerprint markets are classified as follows: • • • • Door lock entrance control Cell-phone Smart card e-commerce

2.

PIR sensor is used( i.e.: for theft identification ) in Shopping malls Jewellery shops

• •

1.

Hardware components:

Transmitter section:
Microcontroller Power supply PIR sensor Door Control system Switch RF ENCODER RF Transmitter module

Receiver Section:
Micro controller RF DECODER RF Receiver module LCD Buzzer Power supply

Software Tools:
PIC-C compiler Embedded ‘C’ Express PCB

1.

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR THEFT IDENTIFICATION:

TRANSMITTER SECTION:

POWER SUPPLY

DOOR CONTROL SYSTEM

PIR SENSOR

MICRO CONTROLLER

R F E N C O D E R RF TX

Switch

RF RECEVER SECTION:

POWER SUPPLY

R F RF RX BUZZER

E O D E R

2. SCHEMMATIC DIADRAM OF INDUSTRIAL LIGHT: 3.

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC VECHICLE PARKING SYSTEM:

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FINGER PRINT IDENTIFICATION:

cars cars n this RX

into that

the park. can be to

LCD parked identify

is a t eit

project pairs are

arranged

ross the road so that the R

n

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