Informatics
Content
1950s to 60s few pioneering hospitals made use of computers in feasibility studies that includes clinical
and non-clinical areas.
In 1963 Mary Ann Bitzer wrote a simulation program on obstetric nursing, an output of thesis showed
marked improvement of learning and retention of the materials by students.
In the 1970s, many projects were done regarding use of computers in nursing, which paved the way in
the development and installation of healthcare information systems.
In 1985 Marion Ball and Kathryn Hannah observed and noted the phenomenal use of computers by
nurses to replace many of their nursing functions, and presented the use of nursing informatics in many
nursing processes.
In 1992 the American Nurses Association (ANA) recognized nursing informatics as a specialty.
