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DIS 1123 THEORIES AND APPROACHES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATION
TOPIC: CAUSE OF WORLD WAR II GROUP MEMBER AND MATRIC NO: 1. MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN SIMAN………………… 2130290 2. RONALD BIN SELUHOR…………………………. 2130291 3. MUHAMMAD NURFIRDAUS BIN SHAARI…….. 2130292 LECTURER: DR RADZIAH BINTI ABDUL RAHIM FACULTY: FPPP SEMESTER: 1 TAHUN: 1 SESI: 2013/2014 TARIKH SERAHAN: 12.12.2013 SARJANA MUDA PENGAJIAN STRATEGI
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Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 4 major cause of World War II: Treaty of Versailles ........................................................................ 5
Adolf Hitler reaction to the Treaty of Versailles ...................................................................................... 6

LEVEL OF ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 9 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 12 REFERENCE................................................................................................................................ 13

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INTRODUCTION The calamitous global war that resulted in the death of sixty million people cannot be understood without reference to World War 1. While combat in the European theater of operations (ETO) lasted fourteen years, starting with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Unprecedented in scale, World War II witnessed deliberate and systematic killing of innocents. Especially horrific was Germany’s genocidal Endlosung (final solution), during which the Nazis attempted to murder all Jewish, Sinti, and Roma peoples, in what later become known as the Holocaust. In European, World War I happened during the years of 1914 through 1918. Germany lost this war. Because they lost, Germany had to sign the Treaty of Versailles. In this assignment, we will explain cause of World War II. We was use theories international relations to supported and explain this assignment. Finally we were use level of analysis to explain cause of World War II more specifically.

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BACKGROUND At the end of the first world war on June 28, 1919, several countries that surround the Allies France, Britain, U.S., and Italy has made an agreement called the Treaty of Versailles where the present punishment central forces who started the war. Kuomintang ( KMT ) in China launched a unification campaign against regional warlords and unite China in the mid- size 1920's. In years 1931, the increase militaristic Japanese Empire, which had long been seeking influence in China by using the Mukden incident as a gateway to the invasion of Manchuria and established a puppet state in Manchukuo because they are too weak to resist Japan, China sought help from the league race to solve the problem. As a result of the request, the Japanese withdrew from the race because of heavy opposition from the league above attack on Manchurian 1935, the situation worsened when the region Saar Basin reunite legally with the next German Adolf Hitler rejected the Treaty of Versailles. This accelerated program designed weapons back and introduced conscription system. The hope to prevent Germany, United Kingdom, France and Italy have formed Stresa front. Germany aims to capture a wide area in Eastern Europe led to the Soviet Union wrote treaty of mutual assistance with France. In June 1935, United Kingdom decided to form an independent naval agreement with German to ease restrictions in advance. American neutrality act passed in month of August. Italy invaded Ethiopia in October and Germany is the only European country that supports aggression. Hitler challenged the Treaty of Versailles and got little response from the powers of Europe to another. Hitler and Mussolini supported fascist and authoritarian Nationalist forces in the civil war against the Republic of Spain when the Spanish Civil War broke out in July. The Nationalists won the war in early 1939, both sides used the conflict to test the weapons and methods of war. In October 1936, Germany and Italy formed the Rome-Berlin Axis.

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major cause of World War II: Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles can be defined as one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I and it was signed on 28 June 19191. The treaty was signed at the vast Versailles Palace between Germany and the Allies. The delegates of the Allies worried about the future of Europe and the treaty can allowed themselves to become preoccupied with worries about borders, power, and major aim is weaken Germany. The stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles specifically aimed to making Germany as weak as possible. The term treaty can be divided into three sections which are territorial, military and economy. The first term of this treaty is territorial. In this treaties some of German territory has been took away from them and distributed it to other countries or the territory was used to form new countries. Examples of land taken away from Germany are Alsace-Lorraine given to France, Eupen and Malmedy given to Belgium, Northern Schleswig given to Denmark, Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia) and West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia given to Poland. While the Saar, Danzig and Memel are put under the control of the League of Nations. The second section of the treaty is military. The treaty reduce and smaller the number of Germany army and forbade the import of war materials into Germany. Treaty put a restriction on Germany’s military which is Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men and a navy of fifteen thousand2. Based on the treaty, Germany wasn’t allowed an air force, armored cars, tanks, heavy guns and submarines. The west of the Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ) which no German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.

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.org/wiki/Treaty of Versailles Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, http://en.wikipedia Inc., 2001) 176

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The third section of the treaty is economy. The Treaty of Versailles gives a large effect and destroys German economy. Before war, the German economy had been dependent on three things which are overseas commerce and trade, iron and coal, transport and tariff system3. The effect on the German economy can be seen by loss of Germany’s overseas colonies, mercantile marine, and transport goods to other nations. Without sufficient means of transportation Germany couldn’t’ export as many goods. With the combine of financial penalties linked to reparations, it seemed clear that the Allies wanted to bankrupt them. The loss of Alsace Lorraine to France meant the loss of ore-fields for Germany which contained seventy-five percent of Germany’s iron-ore. In general, Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war and damage cause in First World War based on Treaty of Versailles. Therefore, Germany had to pay reparations that were eventually put at £6,600 million which is a huge sum of money and beyond Germany’s ability to pay.

Adolf Hitler reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
The steps that Hitler took that actually started World War II were all attempts to reverse what the Treaty of Versailles had created. The Treaty of Versailles destroy Germany’s necessary trade, taking away resources of industry, causing inflation and unemployment.in the Treaties, the German people been separated by taking German territory. Hitler was working to fix all of these problems when he took the actions that began World War II.

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John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of Peace (New York: Penguin Books, 1995) 56

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THEORY We were chosen classical realism in this research. We were chosen idea from Thucydides for related the research. The classical realist lineages begin with Thucydides representation of politics as a law of human behavior. The drive for power and the will to dominate are held to be fundamental aspect of human nature. The behavior of the state as a self-seeking egoist is understood to be merely a reflection of the characteristic of the people that compromise the state. It is human natures that explain why international politics is necessary power politics. Characteristic of classical realism is its adherent’s belief in the primordial character of power and ethic. Classical realism is fundamentally about the struggle for belonging, a struggle that is often violent. Patriotic virtue is required in order for communities to survive in this historic battle between good and evil, a virtue that long predates the emergence of sovereignty. Based nation community in the middle seventeenth century. The big idea of Thucydides is international politics is driven by an endless struggle for power, which has its roots in human nature. Justice, law, and society have either no place or are circumscribed. Thucydides was the historian of the Peloponnesian war, a conflict between two great powers in the ancient Greek world, Sparta and Athens. Thucydides exploitations of underlying cause of the war was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this cause in Sparta. Thucydides make it clear that Sparta national interest, like that of all states, was survival, and the charging distribution of power represented a direct threat to its existence. Sparta was, therefore, compelled by necessity to go to war in order to forestall being vanquished by Athens. Thucydides also makes it clear that Athens feet equally compelled to pursue power in order to preserve the empire it had enquired.

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Therefore, clearly cause in context treaty of Versailles, Germany was launching the war because went freedom and get back their power. This is some method can use archive power back after diplomatic method. We look spirit the unemployment Germany people is higher after Hitler offer to join NAZI party to get back their right back. Germany launch war because went justice from country was pull their power on treaty. We look, the treaty is not balance because were effect decreases at Germany at all factor. Example, after their territory was loss, their economic was decreases because main source of economic was loss and control at another power. This is related which Peloponnesian war, Sparta launch war to Athens because injustice power.

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LEVEL OF ANALYSIS We were use waltz model in level of analysis we research. We was use waltz level of analysis for analysis the causes of World War II. Waltz searched for the causes of war at three different level of analysis. First is the level of the individual, second level of the state and third is the level of the systemic. Level of individual The main character in cause of world war II because treaty of Versailles is Adolf Hitler. The Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of fascism and Hitler in Germany. Hitler established the NAZI party in year 19194. He was an ardent nationalist as were many Germany, as a result of how weak the treaty of Versailles had made their nation.5 Hitler was a very charismatic person who was able to gain massive support by denouncing the treaty of Versailles and the Weimar republic that German people hated so much.6 Hitler was the culmination of what the Germany people wanted when he told a storm trooper “I’ll get rid of Versailles….”7 The Germany people believed he would and on January 30, 1933, Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. Hitler took steps to begin to restore the military power that Treaty of Versailles had taken away when announced the restoration of enlistment and the expansion of the Germany army. 8 He created the naval pact with Britain allowed Germany naval strength to be expended until it thirty five percent of British naval establishment.9 Hitler reverses the provision of the treaty of Versailles when he ordered that the Rhineland be re militarized.10 Hitler accomplished part of this goal by

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Grunberger61 Grunberger69 6 Richard J. Evans, the coming of the third reich( new york: the penguin press,2004) 447 7 Grunberger90 8 Watt 501 9 Grunberger 122 10 Grunberger124

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annexing Austria in March 1938.11 Hitler succeeds continued when Germany was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia in the Munich agreement in September 1938.12 Finally, Hitler made one more attempt to truth end the restriction put on Germany by the treaty of Versailles when he invaded Poland to get back the polish corridor and then world war II began two day later.13

Level of state The main state of cause the World War II in treaty of Versailles is German. The treaty of Versailles forced Germany to lose territory, caused serious economic problem which were only worsened by the depression of the 1930, left thousands of Germany outside of German, and these entire thing created German resentment forward the western world. The effect of the treaty of Versailles weakened Germany government. Certain part of the countries of the territory was used to from new countries. Next, Germany military power also include in treaty of Versailles. Germany was allowed an army of one hundred thousand and a navy of fifteen thousand.14 Under the treaty Germany wasn’t allowed an air force, armored cars, tanks, heavy gun, submarine or dirigible.15 Then, the treaty of Versailles laid Germany solely responsible for World War 1 and ordered that Germany pay the entire cost of it through an undefined amount of reparation. The economic Germany also decreases because main economic of Germany are coal and iron was loss and was take because the treaty. Many factories were close and people unemployment.

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Watt 501 Grunberger 139 13 Grunberger148 14 Margaret macmilliam, paris 1919: six months that changed the world (new work: random house,2001)176 15 Macmillan176

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While the treaty of Versailles was successful in making Germany weak, its terms would later lead to World War II

Level of systemic In context systemic, we can look the state involve in treaty of Versailles. Firstly, after the Germany territory was took and distributed it to other countries like the Saar Basin and Upper Silesia was given to France and Poland respectively16. Another territory are alsacelorraine, Eupemalmedy and North Schleswig was took by France, Belgium and Denmark respectively. 17 This was make the state was more power and rich because economy of Germany at territory was their control and conquer. While in Germany, was make Germany feel disappointed and want to take back the territory. Germany was launch war at the country. This was made the country not stabilize and uncontrolled. A South African statesman named Jan Christian Smuts wrote to Prime Minister David Lloyd Goerge, “this treaty breathes a poisonous spirit of revenge, which may yet scorch the fair face not of a corner of France but of Europe.”18 Alfred Lord Milner, the British colonial secretary, called the treaty of Versailles “the peace to end peace.”19 All of these men correctly described the treaty of Versailles, but they would not know that until 193920

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Keynes 82-84 Richard Grunberger, germany 1918-1945 (new york: harper & row, publisher 1964)55 18 Hughes and seligmann24 19 Hughes and seligmann24 20 Grunberger148

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CONCLUSION The summary from this assignment is the major cause of World War II because Treaty of Versailles. The treaty of Versailles which meant it had to surrender land and money as compensation for damage done. Next allow France to occupy where most of Germany industry for a time. Treaty also makes Germany force to agree not to have an army, navy and air force of more than 100000 men. The “classical realism” stated that the drive of power and the will dominate are held to be fundamental aspect of human nature. Therefore, Germany was launch war because injustice power and treaty. This is important to Germany to get back their national interest and honor back but at the same time was make world like in world anarchy.

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REFERENCE
1. PETER SUTCH AND JUANITA ELIAS, (2004) INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE BASICS, Routledge Chapman & Hall 2. Lowell S. Gustafson (2000) Thucydides' Theory of International Relations: A Lasting Possession, Louisiana State University Press 3. Kelly King Howes (1999) World War II: Biographies, uxl, Juvenile Nonfiction 4. Beate Jahn (2000) classical theory in international relation, Cambridge University Press

5. Robert Jackson, Georg Sørensen( 2010) Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches, OUP Oxford 6. en.wikipedia.org wiki World War II 7. www.history.com/topics/world-war-i 8. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles 9. www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm 10. www.johndclare.net/peace_treaties4.htm

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