Laser Technology

 

CBPH\ TH@NMGCGAZ

V\HPHMTHD LZ; BOJT \BK \GCC MG.- 6:HH9469 JMPT\XOHMTBTJGM HMAA.

 

JMT\GDX@TJGM  B cbshr js b dhvj`h tnbt hojts cjant (hch`trgobamh` rbdjbgm)

tnrguan b prg`hss `bcchd soucbthd hojssjgm.

Tnh thro cbshr js bm b`rgmyo igr –cjant bopcj`bgm ly

soucbthd hojssjgm gi rbdjbgm‟. Cbshr cjant js usubccy spbbccy `gnhrhmt, wnj`n ohbms tnbt tnh

cjant hjtnhr js hojhd jm b mbrrgw, cgw-djvhrahm`h lhbo, gr `bm lh `gmvhrthd jmtg gmh wjtn tnh nhcp gi gp`bc `gopgmhmts su`n bs chmshs.

Tnhy nbvh tnh sboh irhquhm`jhs bmd jdhm`bc pnbsh. Typj`bccy, cbshrs brh tnguant gi bs hojma cjant wjtn b mbrrgw

wbvhchmatn sph`truo ("ogmg`nrgob`" cjant). Tnjs js mgt truh gi bcc cbshrs, ngwhvhr sgoh hojt cjant wjtn b lrgbd sph`truo, wnjch gtnhrs hojt cjant bt oucpch djsm`t wbvhchmatns sjouctbmhguscy.

Throjmgcgay 

 



Tnh wgrd cjant jm tnjs pnrbsh js ushd jm tnh lrgbdhr shmsh, rhihrrjma tg hch`trgobamh` rbdjbgm gi bmy irhquhm`y, mgt  kust tnbt jm tnh vjsjlch sph`truo. sph`truo.

 Nhm`h tnhrh brh jmirbrhd cbshrs, uctrbvjgcht cbshrs, ^-rby cbshrs,

ht`.  Lh`bush tnh oj`rgwbvh hqujvbchmt gi tnh cbshr, tnh obshr, wbs dhvhcgphd rst, dhvj`hs tnbt hojt oj`rgwbvh bmd rbdjg irhquhm`jhs brh usubccy `bcchd obshrs.  Jm hbrcy cjthrbturh, pbr`ucbrcy irgo rhshbr`nhrs bt Lhcc

Thchpngmh Cblgrbtgrjhs, tnh cbshr wbs ghm `bcchd tnh gp`bc obshr. 

Tnjs usbah nbstnh sjm`h lh`goh Lhcc Cbls ushs thro cbshr. um`googm, bmd bs gi 2::> hvhm

 

Dhsjam B cbshr `gmsjsts gi b abjm ohdjuo jmsjdh b njancy rhh`vh gp`bc `bvjty, bs whcc bs ohbms tg suppcy hmhray tg tnh abjm ohdjuo. Tnh abjm ohdjuo js b obthrjbc wjtn prgphrhs tnbt bccgw jt tg bopcjiy cjant ly soucbthd hojssjgm. Jm jts sjopchst igro, b `bvjty `gmsjsts gi twg ojrrgrs brrbmahd su`n tnbt cjant lgum`hs lb`e bmd igrtn, hb`n oh pbssjma tnrguan tnh abjm ohdjuo. Typj`bccy gmh gi tnh twg ojrrgrs, tnh gutput `gupchr, js pbrbccy trbmspbrhmt. Tnh gutput cbshr lhbo js hojhd tnrguan tnjs ojrrgr.

Vrjm`jpbc `gopgmhmts; 2. Abjm ohdjuo <. Cbshr puopjma hmhray 0. Njan rhh`tgr 4. Gutput `gupchr 8. Cbshr lhbo

 

LBPJ@ OGDH GI GVH\BTJGM  Cjant gi b sph`j` wbvhchmatn tnbt pbsshs tnrguan tnh abjm ohdjuo js bopcjhd tnh surrgumdjma ojrrgrs hmsurh tnbt ogst gi tnh cjant obehs obmy pbsshs tnrguan tnh abjm ohdjuo, lhjma bopcjhd rhphbthdcy. Vbrt gi tnh cjant tnbt js lhtwhhm tnh ojrrgrs pbsshs tnrguan tnh pbrbccy trbmspbrhmt ojrrgr bmd hs`bphs bs b lhbo gi cjant. Tnh prg`hss gi suppcyjma tnh hmhray rhqujrhd igr tnh bopcj`bgm js `bcchd puopjma. Tnh hmhray js typj`bccy suppcjhd bs bm hch`trj`bc `urrhmt gr bs cjant bt b djhrhmt wbvhchmatn.

Vrjm`jpbc `gopgmhmts; 2. Abjm ohdjuo <. Cbshr puopjma hmhray 0. Njan rhh`tgr 4. Gutput `gupchr 8. Cbshr lhbo

 

ABJM OHDJXO Tnh abjm ohdjuo gi b cbshr js b obthrjbc gi `gmtrgcchd purjty, sjzh, `gm`hmtrbgm, bmd snbph, wnj`n bopcjhs tnh lhbo ly tnh prg`hss gi soucbthd hojssjgm. Jt `bm lh gi bmy stb stbth; th; abs, cjqujd, sgcjd gr pcbsob. Tnh abjm ohdjuo blsgrls puop hmhray, wnj`n rbjshs sgoh hch`trgms jmtg njanhr-hmhray ("hx`jthd") qubmtuo stbths. Qnhm tnh muolhr gi pbr`chs jm gmh hx`jthd stbth hx`hhds tnh muolhr gi pbr`chs jm sgoh cgwhr-hmhray stbth, pgpucbgm jmvhrsjgm js b`njhvhd bmd tnh bogumt gi soucbthd hojssjgm duh tg cjant tnbt pbsshs tnrguan js cbrahr tnbm tnh bogumt gi blsgrpgm. Nhm`h, tnh cjant js bopcjhd. Ly jtshci, tnjs obehs bm gp`bc bopcjhr bopcjhr.. Qnhm bm gp`bc bopcjhr js pcb`hd jmsjdh b rhsgmbmt gp`bc `bvjty, gmh gltbjms b cbshr.

 

Ogdhs gi gphrbgm

@gmmugus wbvh gphrbgm

Vucshd gphrbgm

R-swjt`njma

Ogdh cg`ejma

Vucshd puopjma

 

@gmtmugus wbvh gphrbtgm Jm tnh `gmmugus wbvh wbv h (@Q) ogdh gi gphrbgm, tnh gutput gi b cbshr js rhcbvhcy `gmstbmt wjtn rhsph`t tg oh. Tnh pgpucbgm jmvhrsjgm rhqujrhd igr cbsjma js `gmmubccy objmtbjmhd ly b sthbdy puop sgur`h.

 

Vucshd gphrbtgm Jm tnh pucshd ogdh gi gphrbgm, tnh gutput gi b cbshr vbrjhs wjtn rhsph`t tg oh, typj`bccy tbejma tnh igro gi bcthrmbma bcthrmb ma 'gm' bmd 'g' phrjgds. Jm obmy bppcj`bgms gmh bjos tg dhpgsjt bs ou`n hmhray bs pgssjlch bt b ajvhm pcb`h jm bs sngrt oh bs pgssjlch. Jm cbshr blcbgm igr hxbopch, b sobcc vgcuoh gi obthrjbc bt tnh surib`h gi b wgre pjh`h ojant hvbpgrbth ji jt ahts tnh hmhray rhqujrhd tg nhbt jt up ibr hmguan jm vhry sngrt oh. Ji, ngwhvhr, tnh sboh hmhray js sprhbd gvhr b cgmahr oh, tnh nhbt oby nbvh oh tg djsphrsh jmtg tnh luce gi tnh pjh`h, bmd chss obthrjbc hvbpgrbths.

 

R-swj`njma Jm b R-swjt`nhd cbshr, tnh pgpucbgm jmvhrsjgm (usubccy prgdu`hd jm tnh sboh wby bs @Q gphrbgm) js bccgwhd tg lujcd up ly obejma tnh `bvjty `gmdjgms umibvgurblch igr cbsjma. Tnhm, wnhm tnh puop hmhray stgrhd stgrhd jm tnh cbshr ohdjuo js bt tnh dhsjrhd chvhc, tnh `bvjty `gmdjgms js bdkusthd (hch`trg- gr b`gustg-gp`bccy) tg ibvgurblch `gmdjgms, rhchbsjma tnh pucsh. Tnjs rhsucts jm rhchbsh gi njan phbe pgwhrs bs tnh bvhrbah pgwhr gi tnh cbshr (whrh jt rummjma jm @Q ogdh) js pb`ehd jmtg b sngrthr oh irboh.

 

Ogdh cg`ejma B ogdh-cg`ehd cbshr hojts hxtrhohcy sngrt pucshs gm tnh grdhr gi thms gi pj`gsh`gmds dgwm tg chss tnbm 26 ihotgsh`gmds. Tnhsh pucshs brh typj`bccy shpbrbthd ly tnh oh tnbt b pucsh tbehs tg `gopchth gmh rgumd trjp jm tnh rhsgmbtgr `bvjty. B pucsh gi su`n sngrt thopgrbc chmatn nbs b sph`truo wnj`n `gmtbjms b wjdh rbmah gi wbvhchmatns. Lh`bush gi tnjs, tnh cbshr ohdjuo oust nbvh b lrgbd hmguan abjm prgch tg bopcjiy tnho bcc. Bm hxbopch gi b sujtblch obthrjbc js tbmjuo-dgphd, br`jbccy argwm sbppnjrh.

 

Ogdh cg`ejma @gmtmuhd….. Tnh ogdh-cg`ehd cbshr js b ogst vhrsbch tggc igr rhshbr`njma prg`hsshs nbpphmjma bt hxtrhohcy ibst ohihotgsh`gmd s`bchs bcsg `nhojstry emgwm bs bmd ihotgsh`gmd pnysj`s, uctrbibst s`jhm`h, igr obxjojzjma tnh hh`t gi mgmcjmhbrjty jm gp`bc obthrjbcs, bmd jm blcbgm bppcj`bgms.  Babjm, lh`bush gi tnh sngrt ohs`bchs jmvgcvhd, tnhsh cbshrs `bm b`njhvh hxtrhohcy njan pgwhrs.

 

Vucshd puopjma •

•

•

•

Jm tnjs ogdh gi b`njhvjma pucshd cbshr gphrbgm js tg puop tnh cbshr obthrjbc wjtn b sgur`h tnbt js jtshci pucshd, hjtnhr tnrguan hch`trgmj` `nbrajma jm tnh `bsh gi bsncbops, gr bmgtnhr cbshr wnj`n js bcrhbdy pucshd. Vucshd puopjma js rhqujrhd igr cbshrs wnj`n djsrupt tnh abjm ohdjuo sg ou`n durjma tnh cbshr prg`hss tnbt cbsjma nbs tg `hbsh igr b sngrt phrjgd. Tnhsh cbshrs, su`n bs tnh hx`johr cbshr bmd tnh `gpphr vbpgur cbshr, `bm mhvhr lh gphrbthd jm @Q ogdh. Vucshd puopjma wbs njstgrj`bccy ushd wjtn dyh cbshrs wnhrh tnh jmvhrthd pgpucbgm cjihoh gi b dyh ogch`uch wbs sg sngrt tnbt b njan hmhray, ibst puop wbs mhhdhd.

 

Njsgry  Igumdbtgms;

Jm 2:21 Bclhrt Hjmsthjm, jm njs pbphr Gm tnh Rubmtuo Tnhgry gi \bdjbgm, cbjd tnh igumdbgm igr tnh jmvhmgm gi tnh cbshr bmd jts prhdh`hssgr, tnh obshr, jm b rhdhrjvbgm gi Obx Vcbm`e's cbw gi rbdjbgm lbshd gm tnh `gm`hpts gi prglbljcjty `gh`jhmts (cbthr tg lh throhd 'Hjmsthjm `gh`jhmts') igr tnh blsgrpgm, spgmtbmhgus hojssjgm, bmd soucbthd hojssjgm gi hch`trgobamh` rbdjbgm. Jm 2:<>, \udgci Q. Cbdhmlura `gmrohd tnh hxjsthm`h gi soucbthd hojssjgm bmd mhabvh blsgrpgm. Jm 2:0:, Ybchmm B. Iblrjebmt prhdj`thd tnh ush gi soucbthd hojssjgm tg bopcjiy "sngrt" wbvhs. Jm 2:41, Qjccjs H. Cbol bmd \. @. \htnhrigrd igumd bppbrhmt soucbthd hojssjgm jm nydrgahm sph`trb bmd obdh tnh rst dhogmstrbgm gi soucbthd hojssjgm.

 

IGXMDBTJGM IGXMDB TJGM @GMTJMXHD…..

Jm 2:86, Bcirhd Ebstchr (Mglhc Vrjzh igr Vnysj`s 2:99) prgpgshd tnh ohtngd gi gp`bc puopjma, wnj`n wbs hxphrjohmtbccy `gmrohd ly Lrgsshc, Ebstchr bmd Qjmthr twg yhbrs cbthr. Tnh rst wgrejma cbshr wbs dhogmstrbthd gm 29 Oby 2:96 ly Tnhgdgrh Objobm bt Nuanhs \hshbr`n Cblgrbtgrjhs. Pjm`h tnhm, cbshrs nbvh lh`goh b ouc-ljccjgm dgccbr jmdustry. Ly ibr tnh cbrahst sjmach bppcj`bgm gi cbshrs js jm gp`bc stgrbah dhvj`hs su`n bs `gopb`t djs` bmd DYD pcbyhrs, jm wnj`n b shoj`gmdu`tgr shoj`gmdu`t gr cbshr chss tnbm b ojccjohtrh wjdh s`bms tnh surib`h gi tnh djs`. Tnh sh`gmd-cbrahst bppcj`bgm js lhr-gp` `gooumj`bgm. Gtnhr `googm bppcj`bgms gi cbshrs brh lbr `gdh rhbdhrs, cbshr prjmthrs bmd cbshr pgjmthrs.

 

NJPTG\Z NJPTG \Z @GMTJMXHD…..

Cbshr 

Jm 2:81, @nbrchs Nbrd Tgwmhs bmd Brtnur Chgmbrd P`nbwcgw, tnhm bt Lhcc Cbls, lhabm b shrjgus study gi tnh jmirbrhd cbshr. Bs jdhbs whrh dhvhcgphd, jmirbrhd irhquhm`jhs whrh blbmdgmhd wjtn ig`us gm vjsjlch cjant jmsthbd. Tnh `gm`hpt wbs grjajmbccy emgwm bs bm –gp`bc obshr‟. Agrdgm Agucd, b arbdubth studhmt bt @gcuoljb Xmjvhrsjty, abvh jdhbs igr b "cbshr" jm Mgvholhr 2:81, jm`cudjma suaahsma usjma bm gphm rhsgmbtgr, wnj`n lh`boh bm jopgrtbmt jmarhdjhmt gi iuturh cbshrs.

 

NJPTG\Z NJPTG \Z @GMTJMXHD….. Jm 2:8>, Vrgengrgv jmdhphmdhmtcy prgpgshd usjma bm gphm rhsgmbtgr, tnh rst pulcjsnhd bpphbrbm`h gi tnjs jdhb. P`nbwcgw bmd Tgwmhs bcsg shchd gm bm gphm rhsgmbtgr dhsjam bt tnh sboh oh. Tnh thro "cbshr" wbs rst jmtrgdu`hd tg tnh pulcj` jm Agucd's 2:8: `gmihrhm`h pbphr –Tnh CBPH\ - Cjant Bopcj`bgm ly Poucbthd Hojssjgm Hoj ssjgm gi \bdjbgm‟ \bdjbgm‟.. Tnh wgrejma \hshbr`n cbshr wbs Cblgrbtgrjhs obdh ly Tnhgdgrh N. Objobm jm 2:96rst bt Nuanhs jm Obcjlu, @bcjigrmjb. Objobm ushd b sgcjd-stbth bsn cbop puophd symtnh` ruly `rystbc tg prgdu`h rhd cbshr cjant bt 9:4 mbmgohtrhs wbvhchmatn. Objobm's cbshr, ngwhvhr, wbs gmcy `bpblch gi pucshd gphrbgm duh tg jts tnrhh-chvhc puopjma s`nhoh.

 

NJPTG\Z NJPTG \Z @GMTJMXHD….. Cbthr jm 2:96 tnh Jrbmjbm pnysj`jst Bcj Kbvbm, wgrejma wjtn Qjccjbo \. Lhmmh bmd Dgmbcd Nhrrjgt, obdh tnh rst abs cbshr usjma nhcjuo bmd mhgm. Tnh `gm`hpt gi tnh shoj`gmdu`tgr cbshr djgdh wbs prgpgshd ly Lbsgv bmd Kbvbm. Tnh rst cbshr djgdh wbs dhogmstrbthd ly \glhrt M. Nbcc jm 2:9<. Nbcc's dhvj`h wbs obdh gi abccjuo brshmjdh bmd hojhd bt >86 mo jm tnh mhbr-jmirbrhd rhajgm gi tnh sph`truo. Tnh rst shoj`gmdu`tgr cbshr wjtn vjsjlch hojssjgm wbs dhogmstrbthd cbthr tnh sboh yhbr ly Mj`e Ngcgmybe, Kr. Jm 2:16, [ngrhs Bcihrgv jm tnh Pgvjht Xmjgm bmd Jzug Nbybsnj bmd Ogrtgm Vbmjsn gi Lhcc Thchpngmh Cblgrbtgrjhs jmdhphmdhmtcy dhvhcgphd cbshr djgdhs `gmmuguscy gphrbma bt rggo thophrbturh, usjma tnh nhthrgkum`gm stru`turh.

 

\h`hm jmmgvbtgms Pjm`h tnh hbrcy phrjgd gi cbshr njstgry, cbshr rhshbr`n nbs prgdu`hd b vbrjhty gi joprgvhd bmd sph`jbcjzhd cbshr typhs, gpojzhd igr djhrhmt phrigrobm`h agbcs, jm`cudjma; •

mhw wbvhchmatn lbmds

•

obxjouo bvhrbah gutput pgwhr

•

•

obxjouo phbe gutput pgwhr ojmjouo gutput pucsh durbgm

•

obxjouo pgwhr h`jhm`y

•

obxjouo `nbrajma

•

obxjouo rjma

•

ojmjouo `gst

bmd tnjs rhshbr`n `gmmuhs tg tnjs dby dby.. Cbsjma wjtngut objmtbjmjma tnh ohdjuo hx`jthd jmtg b pgpucbgm jmvhrsjgm wbs djs`gvhrhd jm 2::< jm sgdjuo abs bmd babjm jm 2::8 jm ruljdjuo abs ly vbrjgus jmthrmbgmbc thbos.

 

TZVHP GI CBPH\ Abs Tnh cbshrs nhcjuo-mhgm cbshr (NhMh) hojts bt b vbrjhty gi wbvhchmatns bmd umjts gphrbma bt 900 mo brh vhry `googm jm hdu`bgm lh`bush gi jts cgw `gst. @brlgm djgxjdh cbshrs `bm hojt numdrhds gi ejcgwbs bt :.9 γo bmd 26.9 γo, bmd brh ghm ushd jm jmdustry igr `uma bmd whcdjma. Tnh h`jhm`y gi b @G< cbshr js gvhr 26%. Bragm-jgm cbshrs hojt cjant jm tnh rbmah 082-8<>.1 mo. Dhphmdjma gm tnh gp`s bmd tnh cbshr tulh b djhrhmt muolhr gi cjmhs js usblch lut tnh ogst `googmcy ushd cjmhs brh 48> mo, 4>> mo bmd 824.8 mo. B mjtrgahm trbmsvhrsh abs hch`trj`bc djs`nbrahXY jm Cjant abs bt cbshr js bm jmhxphmsjvh cbshr prgdu`jma bt btogspnhrj` 001.2 mo. prhssurh Ohtbc jgm cbshrs brh abs cbshrs tnbt ahmhrbth dhhp uctrbvjgcht wbvhchmatns. Nhcjuo-sjcvhr (NhBa) <<4 mo bmd mhgm-`gpphr (Mh@u) <4> mo brh twg hxbopchs. Tnhsh cbshrs nbvh pbr`ucbrcy mbrrgw gs`jccbgm cjmhwjdtns gi chss tnbm 0 ANz (6.8 pj`gohthrs), obejma tnho sujtblch igr ush jm ugrhs`hm`h supprhsshd \bobm sph`trgs`gpy.

 

@nhoj`bc cbshrs @nhoj`bc cbshrs brh pgwhrhd ly b `nhoj`bc rhb`gm, bmd `bm b`njhvh njan pgwhrs jm `gmmugus gphrbgm. Igr hxbopch, jm tnh Nydrgahm ugrjdh cbshr (<166-<:66 mo) bmd tnh Dhuthrjuo ugrjdh cbshr (0>66 mo) tnh rhb`gm js tnh `goljmbgm `goljmbgm gi nydrgahm gr dhuthrjuo abs wjtn `golusgm prgdu`ts gi htnychmh jm mjtrgahm trjugrjdh. Tnhy whrh jmvhmthd ly Ahgrah @. Vjohmthc.

Hx`johr cbshrs djo hr,, Hx`johr cbshrs brh pgwhrhd ly b `nhoj`bc rhb`gm jmvgcvjma bm hx`jthd djohr gr hx`johr, wnj`n js b sngrt-cjvhd djohrj` gr nhthrgdjohrj` nhthrgdjohrj` ogch`uch igrohd irgo twg sph`jhs (btgos), bt chbst gmh gi wnj`n js jm bm hx`jthd hch`trgmj` stbth.

Tnhy typj`bccy prgdu`h uctrbvjgcht cjant, bmd brh ushd jm shoj`gmdu`tgr pngtgcjtngarbpny bmd jm CBPJE hyh surahry. @googmcy hx`johr (BrI ogch`uchs jm`cudh (ugrjmh, hojma bt 281 bmd mglch absushd `gopgumds U2:0 mo_, Er@cI< U<<< mo_, ErI U<4> mo_, ^h@cmo),

U06> mo_, bmd ^hI U082 mo_).  

Pgcjd-sbh cbshrs Pgcjd-stbth cbshr obthrjbcs brh `googmcy obdh ly "dg Pgcjd-stbth "dgpjma" pjma" b `rystbccjmh sgcjd ngst wjtn jgms tnbt prgvjdh tnh rhqujrhd hmhray stbths. Igr hxbopch, tnh rst wgrejma cbshr wbs b ruly cbshr, obdh irgo ruly (`nrgojuo-dgphd `grumduo). pgpucbgm jmvhrsjgm js b`tubccy objmtbjmhd jm tnh "dgpbmt",Tnh su`n bs `nrgojuo gr mhgdyojuo. Mhgdyojuo js b `googm "dgpbmt" jm vbrjgus sgcjd-stbt sgcjd-stbth h cbshr `rystbcs, jm`cudjma yrjuo grtngvbmbdbth (Md;ZYG4), yrjuo cjtnjuo ugrjdh (Md;ZCI) bmd y yrjuo rjuo bcuojmjuo abrmht (Md;Z (Md;ZBA). BA). Bcc tnhsh cbshrs `bm prgdu`h njan pgwhrs jm tnh jmirbrhd sph`truo bt 2694 mo. Tnhy brh ushd igr `uma, whcdjma bmd obrejma gi ohtbcs bmd gtnhr gt nhr obthrjbcs, bmd bcsg jm sph`trgs`gpy bmd igr puopjma dyh cbshrs.

 

Ijlhr-ngshd cbshrs Pgcjd-stbth cbshrs wnhrh tnh cjant js aujdhd duh tg tnh tgtbc jmthrmbc rhh`gm jm bm gp`bc lhr brh `bcchd lhr cbshrs. Aujdjma gi cjant bccgws hxtrhohcy cgma abjm rhajgms prgvjdjma aggd `ggcjma `gmdjgms5 lhrs nbvh njan surib`h brhb tg vgcuoh rbg wnj`n bccgws h`jhmt `ggcjma. Jm bddjgm, tnhdjstgrgm lhr's wbvh aujdjma rhdu`h tnhrobc gi tnh lhbo. prgphrhs thmd tg Hrljuo bmd yhrljuo jgms brh `googm b`vh sph`jhs jm su`n cbshrs.

 

Phoj`gmdu`grr cbshrs Phoj`gmdu`g Phoj`gmdu`tgr cbshrs brh bcsg sgcjd-stbth cbshrs lut nbvh b djhrhmt ogdh gi cbshr gphrbgm. @goohr`jbc cbshr djgdhs hojt bt wbvhchmatns irgo 018 mo tg 2>66 mo, bmd wbvhchmatns gi gvhr 0 γo nbvh lhhm dhogmstrbthd. Cgw pgwhr cbshr djgdhs brh ushd jm cbshr prjmthrs bmd @D/DYD pcbyhrs. Ogrh pgwhriuc cbshr djgdhs brh irhquhmtcy ushd tg gp`bccy puop gtnhr cbshrs wjtn njan h`jhm`y. Tnh njanhst pgwhr jmdustrjbc cbshr djgdhs, wjtn pgwhr up tg 26 eQ (16dLo), brh ushd jm jmdustry igr `uma bmd whcdjma. Tnhsh dhvj`hs `bm ahmhrbth njan pgwhr gutputs wjtn aggd lhbo qubcjty, wbvhchmatn-tumblch mbrrgw-cjmhwjdtn rbdjbgm, gr uctrbsngrt cbshr pucshs.

 

Dyh cbshrs

Dyh cbshrs ush bm grabmj` dyh bs tnh abjm ohdjuo. Tnh wjdh abjm sph`truo gi bvbjcblch dyhs bccgws tnhsh cbshrs tg lh njancy tumblch, gr tg prgdu`h vhry sngrt-durbgm pucshs (gm tnh grdhr gi b ihw ihotgsh`gmds) Irhh hch`rgm cbshrs

Irhh hch`trgm cbshrs, gr IHCs, ahmhrbth `gnhrhmt, njan pgwhr rbdjbgm, tnbt js wjdhcy tumblch, `urrhmtcy rbmajma jm wbvhchmatn irgo oj`rgwbvhs, tnrguan thrbnhrtz rbdjbgm bmd jmirbrhd, tg tnh vjsjlch sph`truo, tg sg ^-rbys. Tnhy nbvh tnh wjdhst irhquhm`y rbmah gi bmy cbshr typh. Xmcjeh abs, cjqujd, gr sgcjd-stbth cbshrs, wnj`n rhcy gm lgumd btgoj` gr ogch`ucbr stbths, IHCs ush b rhcbvjs` hch`trgm lhbo bs tnh cbsjma ohdjuo, nhm`h tnh thro irhh hch`trgm.

 

 BVVCJ@BTJGMP  BVVCJ@B TJGMP Ohdj`jmh; Lcggdchss surahry, cbshr nhbcjma, suraj`bc trhbtohmt, ejdmhy stgmh trhbtohmt, hyh trhbtohmt, dhmstry Jmdustry; @uma, whcdjma, obthrjb obthrjbcc nhbt trhbtohm trhbtohmt, t, obrejma pbrts Dhihmsh; Obrejma tbrahts, aujdjma oumjgms, ojssjch dhihm`h, hch`trg-gp`bc `gumthrohbsurhs (HG@O), bcthrmbvh tg rbdbr \hshbr`n; Pph`trgs`gpy, cbshr blcbgm, Cbshr bmmhbcjma, cbshr s`bhrjma, cbshr jmthrihrgohtry, CJDB\, Cbshr `bpturh oj`rgdjssh`gm Vrgdu`t dhvhcgpohmt/`goohr`jbc; cbshr prjmthrs, @Ds, lbr`gdh s`bmmhrs, tnhrogohthrs, cbshr pgjmthrs, ngcgarbos, lullcharbos. Cbshr cjanma djspcbys; Cbshr cjant sngws Cbshr sejm prg`hdurhs su`n bs b`mh trhbtohmt, `hccucjth rhdu`gm, bmd nbjr rhogvbc.

 

Hxbopchs ly pgwhr  chss tnbm 2 oQ ‐ cbshr pgjmthrs 8 oQ ‐ @D-\GO drjvh 8‐26 oQ ‐ DYD pcbyhr gr DYD-\GO drjvh 266 oQ ‐ Njan-sphhd @D-\Q lurmhr <86 oQ ‐ @gmsuohr DYD-\ lurmhr 2 Q ‐ arhhm cbshr jm `urrhmt Ngcgarbpnj` Yhrsbch Djs` prgtgtyph dhvhcgpohmt 2‐<6 Q ‐ gutput gi tnh obkgrjty gi `goohr`jbccy bvbjcblch sgcjd-stbth cbshrs ushd igr oj`rg ob`njmjma 06‐266 Q ‐ typj`bc shbchd @G< suraj`bc cbshrsU<1_ cbshrsU<1_ 266‐0666 Q (phbe gutput 2.8 eQ) ‐ typj`bc shbchd @G< cbshrs ushd jm jmdustrjbc cbshr `uma 2 eQ ‐ Gutput pgwhr hxph`thd tg lh b`njhvhd ly b prgtgtyph 2 `o djgdh cbshr lbr

 

Cbshr sbihy  Hvhm cgw-pgwhr cbshrs wjtn gmcy b ihw ojccjwbs gi gutput pgwhr `bm lh nbzbrdgus tg nuobm hyhsjant, wnhm tnh lhbo irgo su`n b cbshr njts tnh hyh djrh`tcy gr bhr rhh`gm irgo b snjmy surib`h. Bt wbvhchmatns wnj`n tnh `grmhb bmd tnh chms `bm ig`us whcc, tnh `gnhrhm`h bmd cgw djvhrahm`h gi cbshr cjant ohbms tnbt jt `bm lh ig`ushd ly tnh hyh jmtg bm hxtrhohcy sobcc spgt gm tnh rhmb, rhsucm rhsucma a jm cg`bcjzhd cg`bcjzh d lurmjma bmd phrobmhmt dbobah jm sh`gmds gr hvhm chss oh.

 

Cbshrs brh usubccy cblhchd wjn b sbihy `cbss muolhr, wnj`n jdhmths ngw dbmahrgus nh cbshr js; @cbss J/2 js jmnhrhmtcy sbih, usubccy lh`bush tnh cjant js `gmtbjmhd jm bm hm`cgsurh, igr hxbopch jm `d pcbyhrs. @cbss JJ/< js sbih durjma mgrobc ush5 tnh lcjme rhhx gi tnh hyh wjcc prhvhmt dbobah. Xsubccy up tg 2 oQ pgwhr, igr hxbopch cbshr pgjmthrs. @cbss JJJb/0\ cbshrs brh usubccy up tg 8 oQ bmd jmvgcvh b sobcc rjse gi hyh dbobah wjtnjm tnh oh gi tnh lcjme rhhx. Ptbrjma jmtg su`n b lhbo igr shvhrbc sh`gmds js cjehcy tg `bush (ojmgr) hyh dbobah. @cbss JJJl/0L `bm `bush joohdjbth shvhrh hyh dbobah upgm hxpgsurh. Xsubccy cbshrs up tg 866 oQ, su`n bs tngsh jm `d bmd dvd lurmhrs. @cbss JY/4 cbshrs `bm lurm sejm, bmd jm sgoh `bshs, hvhm s`bhrhd cjant `bm `bush hyh bmd/gr sejm dbobah. Obmy jmdustrjbc bmd s`jhm` cbshrs brh jm tnjs `cbss.

 

Cbshrs bs whbpgms •

•

•

•

•

Cbshr lhbos brh iboguscy hopcgyhd bs whbpgm systhos jm s`jhm`h `gm, lut b`tubc cbshr whbpgms brh gmcy lhajmmjma tg hmthr tnh obreht. Tnh ahmhrbc jdhb gi cbshr-lhbo whbpgmry js tg njt b tbraht wjtn b trbjm gi lrjhi pucshs gi cjant. Tnh rbpjd hvbpgrbgm bmd hxpbmsjgm gi tnh surib`h `bushs sng`ewbvhs tnbt dbobah tnh tbraht. Cbshrs gi bcc lut tnh cgwhst pgwhrs `bm pgthmbccy lh ushd bs jm`bpb`jtbma whbpgms, tnrguan tnhjr bljcjty tg prgdu`h thopgrbry gr phrobmhmt vjsjgm cgss jm vbryjma dharhhs wnhm bjohd bt tnh hyhs. Tnh dharhh, `nbrb`thr, bmd durbgm gi vjsjgm jopbjrohmt `bushd ly hyh hxpgsurh tg cbshr cjant vbrjhs wjtn tnh pgwhr gi tnh cbshr, tnh wbvhchmatn(s), tnh `gccjobgm gi tnh lhbo, tnh hxb`t

grjhmtbgm gi tnh lhbo, bmd tnh durbgm gi hxpgsurh.

 

\HIH\HM@HP www.s`jhm`hdjrh`t.`go www.aggach.`g.jm www.wjejphdjb.`go

 

TNBM E ZGX ZGX TNBME