MAG SIXTY Architectural Report
Content
CIVE1163 – Long span and High rise Structures Special Cover Sheet Special notes 1. Circle/highlight correct report descriptor in the first bar (ex. Lateral loads) 2. Acknowledgements in this template are regarded as an indication of authors’ recognition of 3.
4.
5.
team members’ contribution towards the final project outcome. outcome. Table 1 indicates authorship, partnership and direct contribution, as a percentage, of y your our immediate sub-team partner. (ex. If report marks to be shared evenly indicate 50% in front of each name. If all the work done by the author, with no measurable contribution from the partner, then indicate “Individual”) “Individual”) Table 2 indicates the remaining team members from other sub teams you you wish to acknowledge who works tirelessly in spirit and effort to make the project a success throughout the semester. Number them in order. You may number 1 (most recognisable) to 4 (least recognisable) - assuming 6 in a group. In situations where equal recognition is needed you may give same ranking for more than one person. (ex. 1, 1, 2, 2) If all team members have really contributed in all aspects, the team is a dream team, colleagues are of the highest calibre, a treat to work with in a project this scale, and then obviously you do not want to take anything away from them. The natural outcome would be 50%, 50%, 1, 1, 1, 1 - for a group of six in all four reports.
Report Descriptor Gravity Load
Architecture
Lateral Loads
Constructabil Constructability ity
Table 1 – 1 – Acknowledgement Acknowledgement of Sub team Partnership/Authorship/Work commitment Author
St. No.
Name and Work Load Sharing
1
S3319883
MING HONG
50%
2
S3327117
WENZE SHAO
50%
Table 2 – 2 – Acknowledgement Acknowledgement of members of other sub-teams St. No.
Name of other member
Ranking (1-4) (1-4)
S3285754
ALI TAZEHLI
1
S3326998
YUHAN LIU
1
S3323390
YI LIN
1
S3326823
JIAJUN DENG
1
Rank 1 – 1 – most recognisable
Rank 4 – – Least Least recognisable
(No rank given – given – not not active in the project)
S E N T
MAG-SIXTY TOWER ARCHITECTURAL REPORT REPORT
R A P D L H
Panoramic View of Structure (Twilight)
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MAG-SIXTY TOWER OVERVIEW
HLD & Partners was one of the eleven competing consortiums in the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology’s ‘High ‘High Rise Structures’ Structures’ competition to design design an innovative and unique high rise structure. The proposed hotel development is to be done on a two hectare land with design criteria restricting a maximum of sixty levels with an average gross floor area of 1750sqm.
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The HLD & Partners’ vision vision for the building is for a world class, highly adaptable and sustainable tower. At its heart is an instantly recognizable design which stands out of the proposed site but also creates new connections to the surrounding area and its communities.
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The MAG-SIXTY tower was designed to incorporate all these attributes to create a vibrant structure for current and future generations to enjoy. The tower includes a five floor atrium created within the tower foyer where water features and a rain forest setting are incorporated. The Fat Duck, a signature modern restaurant by Heston Blumenthal designed in collaboration with our in-house designers will be located at the top of the tower. Rapid vertical transport to the tower’s fifty-nine fifty -nine floors is provided by a sophisticated multi-tier elevator system. Externally, the two hundred metre high tower is given an elegant layered façade with glazed curtain wall overlaid with a pattern created from glass reinforced concrete. As a result of its flower bud form and six illuminating ‘petals’ , the tower would be a distinctive element on the skyline. 2|MAG-SIXTY
GENERAL INFORMATION
Technical Details Location: Location : Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne Architectural Height: Height: 228 meters
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Top Floor Height: Height: 216 meters Floor Count: Count: 60 Floor Area: Area: 107248 m2 Core Area: Area: 25.2 m2
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Floor Layout Details Shops: Shops : 10 units Guest Rooms: Rooms: 630 units Suites: Suites : 70 units MEPs: MEPs : 3 units Restaurants: Restaurants : 1 unit
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WORKFLOW PATTERN A workflow was created for this project to orchestrate architectural activities into smaller processes for delivery of the design as per required by the client. The importance of this illustrated process allows the architectural sub-team to identify major process required from one task to another and serves as a perfect guidance from start to finish. Identification of the process and relationships between the lateral and gravitational teams prove to be an elementary agency in conceptualizing and constructing structures of massive scales. Opinions from both lateral and gravitational sub-teams together with feedback from the client were influential influent ial in the tower’s final design after going through numerous design options.
Information
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Case Study
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Assessment
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Client feedback
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Sub team evaluations
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Design
Architectural Sub-Team
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Model
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System
Gravitational Sub-Team
Lateral SubTeam
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Fabrication
High rise case studies Site case studies Inspirations & ideas Sketches and rundowns
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Concept
Client and team meetings Design criteria and limitations
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Floorplan, core and facade designs Drafting of approved work
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Structure visualization Structural and interior renderings Form performance analysis analysis Final design review Selection of materia materials ls Production of scaled structural model
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SITE ANALYSIS Australia is a large country making up most of the Australian continent. The proposed project is situated in Victoria, which is a state in Southeast Australia with its capital in Melbourne.
As the capital city of Victoria, Melbourne acts as one of the most important economic centres, transportation and communication hubs in Eastern Australia.
The site is located on the southern side of Southbank suburb in Melbourne. The 18,122sqm site is flanked by Kavanagh and Power St.
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S E N T R A P D L H
The proposed site was selected based on 7 key planning principles set out by the architectural team for the MAG-SIXTY tower. The planning principles are: 1. High-rise structure should be built near central area of the city; 2. Location should be strategically located near public transportation, tourist attractions and shopping centres; 3. Proposed site has adequate building setbacks and has compatibility with existing development in the surrounding
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area; 4. Proposed site has direct access to collector or arterial road; 5. Proposed structure should be sited and designed to create a landmark in the area; 6. Proposed structure should be sited and designed to minimize adverse shade and wind conditions on surrounding structures and open spaces; 7. Proposed site should provide surface parking for visitors at the side or rear of the building.
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Street view from Kavanagh and Balston St.
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SUN MOVEMENT
The placement of the tower within the two hectare site is another important aspect where visual comfort and lighting is evaluated. SunCalc, an online application that determines the sun movement and sunlight phases was used to select the appropriate location within the proposed location. Through analysis of the shading and sun’s movement during summer and winter periods, the tower’s location is to be built on the Eastern edge of the proposed site. This location is where optimum sunlight penetration would be experienced which allows heat retention during winter periods reducing the cost of heating elements within the building.
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SunCalc’s Sun Movement Analysis of the Site Site
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TOWER CASE STUDY The Shanghai Tower and Burj Al Arab were both used as case studies to acquire the knowledge and concept of its respective designs. Although these two high rise structures are off total different designs, the f ormer’s rotating near elliptical design and the latter’s 60 floor and massive atrium layout prove to be useful in giving the architectural team insight on its design approach.
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Shanghai Tower designed by Gensler, is located in the Pudong Shanghai is meters a supertall. skyscraper that rises to district a total of height of 632 The tower’s glass façade design is innovative where it is designed to reduce wind loads of the building by a significant amount compared to conventional methods. This was done through analysis of the wind tunnel test of a scaled structure.With this aerodynamic design Shanghai Tower requires fewer materials to be used for construction compared to conventional design.
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Burj Al Arab designed by WKK Architects, on the other hand is a 5 star luxury hotel situated in Dubai. Built in resemblance of a dhow, the three hundred meter tall hotel contains an enclosed space between the ‘wings’ in which a 590 foot atrium is contained. The placement of the columns and pillars were studied to understand the challenges faced in designing multi-level atriums.
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DESIGN CONCEPT The initial concept for the sixty storey hotel development was to maximize floor space and to achieve an innovative aesthetically pleasing design. Lateral and gravitational factors were considered to ease technical issues that may arise from the overall building’s form and design.
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Initial sketches and design were based off a Chinese coin where the central core would be of a rectilinear design with circular floor plans. Studies have shown that the circular shape high rise structures are effective in reducing torsional loads due to wind-induced stresses and higher seismic resistance compared to simple shapes.
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Initial Sketches
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Detailed studies and sketches were done to improve the initial concept of the tower through observation of the surrounding flora and fauna. These observations included jointed segments of bamboo plants, formation of schools of fish and geometric patterns flowers.
Inspirations and Ideas
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Inspiration for our latest design were conceived from the ‘Magnolia Heptapeta’ flower, a subgenus of the Magnolia plant species. The elegance, purity and femininity of its form were incorporated into our final design. The magnolia flower which the MAGSIXTY tower was designed from, symbolizes the pioneering and enterprising spirit of the city where the ‘bloom’ the ‘bloom’ of the new building would prosper among the rest of its surrounding. Key features discussed between the sub-teams to create a harmonious blend of architectural elegance and structural functionality includes a five floor atrium with rain forest settings, generous open spaces and curtain wall system for the exterior.
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The tower’s tower’s design was further reinforced with six illuminating ‘petals’ where the emphasis emphasis of the form is shown.
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CONCEPT ZONE DISTRIBUTION The MAG-SIXTY MAG-SIXTY tower’ s sixty floors are divided into five initial concept zones which consist of the atrium & shops, office floors, guest rooms, suites and restaurant. The floors are all connected to the central core that holds six elevator cars that serves as a multi-tier transport from the ground to the fifty-ninth floor. Initial floor. Initial planning and process for the multitier vertical transport would be analyzed using KONE’s online analysis tool for selection of the ideal configuration of the type and number of elevator cars.
ZONES
TOTAL AREA
RESTAURANT
1-2% of Total Area
SUITES
15-20% of Total Area
GUEST ROOMS
60-80% of Total Area
OFFICE FLOORS
5-10% of Total Area
ATRIUM & SHOPS
5-10% of Total Area
Restaurant Level 59
Suites
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Level 48-58
E N T R A P D L H Guest Rooms Level 8-47
Office Floors Level 6-7
Atrium & Shops Level G-4
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PROCESS Computer-aided design
Rhinoceros 3D was used for the computer-aided design of the MAG-SIXTY tower. Although sharing a few similarities as AutoCAD, Rhino3D together with a graphical algorithm editor such as the Grasshopper plugin allowed complex three dimensional modelling of the high rise structure. Grasshopper serves as a fundamental tool where design and simple
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OPTION 1
OPTION 2
OPTION 3
structural information can be calculated such as structural dimensions and weight. weight.
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Studied options
The tower’s basic floor layout was created with an open curve in Rhino3D and structurally modelled and extruded through Grasshopper. A few studied options were made with the consortium on its overall look, orientation and constructability. Option constructability. Option 6 was chosen out of the other 5 design based on its overall form, ease of constructability and floor space distribution.
OPTION 4
OPTION 5
OPTION 6
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Initial Structural renderings
Early renderings were done with Flamingo NXT plugin for Rhino3D to visualize the tower ’s ’s design design form. This was a critical step for later design alterations with the feedback of the client, lateral and gravitational sub-teams. It was important to co-operate with the client and other sub-teams so that the design and delivery of the structure although challenging, would be manageable.
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PETAL OUTLINE
GLAZED GLASS
CROSS SECTION
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Lift 5 – Type 1 Level G, 6 - 59
ELEVATOR LAYOUT
The selection and layout of the elevators for transportation of guest within the core were designed together with the gravitational and lateral sub-teams. KONE, of the world’s largest manufacturers of elevators and escalators were consulted for the selection of the appropriate multi-tier vertical transportation system for MAG-SIXTY. A few online support tools by KONE were available for the analysis and estimation of the lifts and cars. Using KONE Quick Traffic and Planulator, confirmation of the right vertical transport for the tower proved to be practical and efficient. The MAG-SIXTY’s MAG-SIXTY’s vertical transport system system which consists of a total of 8 lifts are divided into two zones where one consists of 5 ‘quick’ lifts operating between floors G to 59, and the remaining 3 ‘smooth’ 3 ‘smooth’ lifts to transport individuals in dividuals between floor G to 27.
Lift 1 – Type 1 Level 6 - 59
Lift 4 – Type 1 Level G, 48 - 58
Lift 6 – T
Level G, 28 - 47
Lift 7 – T
Type 2 Lifts
No. of Cars (Units)
5
3
Elevator Size (Persons) Transport Speed (m/s) Floors
20
30
8
2.5
G, 28-59
G, 6-27
159.8 - 200.6
23.8 - 91.8
Travel Distance (m)
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e1
Level G, 28 - 47
Lift 2 – T
Type 1 Lifts
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e1
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e2
Level G, 8 - 27
Lift 3 – T
e2
Level G, 8 - 27
Lift 8 – T
e2
Level G, 6-7
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STRUCTURE ZONE DISTRIBUTION
MAG-SIXTY tower is a contemporary hotel located in the metropolis, Melbourne; the building includes comprehensive areas to satisfy different kinds of requirements. Distributed zones were assigned to cater to these requirements consists of foyer atrium, water features, rain forest, retails, significants restaurant, office zone, mechanical service floor, car park, and of course types of guest rooms and suites. After a more detailed researched was performed on its functionality, we decided to divide the entire building into 7 different zones; which is more suitable than the 5 zones concept zones we initially planned before. We moved all retails from the ground atrium to level 3 as an independent shopping area suspending in middle of atrium. This brings a wide view from shop area and also makes our foyer much spacious and organised.
The 7 zones of MAG-SIXTY tower are: Zone 1: Level G-2, Atrium and Foyer Zone 2: Level 3-4, Shop area (level 5 is transfer structure) Zone 3: Level 6-7, Office area Zone 4: Level 8-47, Guest room Zone 5: Level 48-58, Suit room Zone 6: Level 59, Restaurant Zone 7: Level 60, Roof, Mechanical
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The other improvement was that we added a mechanical service area and one heliport on the top roof of the building. The mechanical area provides space for building systems such as phone relays, electrical panels, elevator controls, and other systems to support their operations. The heliport on the roof is prepared for helicopter for emergency operations and protocol. Because of the hotel is located on a total area of 2 hectare land, thus the hotel car park is designed outside the building or under the ground separately instead of being built within the structure. structure.
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CENTRAL CORE LAYOUT
MAG-SIXTY tower only has a simple central core which is located at the horizontal centre axle of the building. The centre core is composed of two types of layout, both types comprise of custom lift shafts, stairs, service lift shafts, and service supply area. All the detail layout of cross section of the core is designed and certificated with our lateral sub-team. The parameters provided by lateral team includes: 1.000 meter thick for external wall; 0.600 meter thick for internal wall; and 12.6 meters x 12.6 meters dimension for the base core. Figure below shows the central core layout in greater detail.
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Central core cross section for ground level to level 48, mm
Central core cross section for level 49 to level 60, mm
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ELEVATOR DESIGN
Elevators are an important vertical transportation system used in high rise buildings. The number of elevators, along with their size and speed that a building will have is determined by: population to be served, passenger waiting time, number of floors, and height of each floor. The number of people to be served by elevator can be determined by estimating the floor population. By analysing all the parameters of MAG-SIXTY (which has 640 guest rooms + 110 suit rooms distributed in 51 levels; two levels of office; one restaurant on level 59; with floor space of 3.4 meters;) it is found that the most effective option is using 4 elevators cover guest room levels; 1 elevator cover suit levels; 1 elevator direct from atrium to top restaurant; 1 elevator cover all resident levels to top restaurant; 1 elevator for office; 1 service lift for whole building; 2 elevator outside the central core response for shops. In total there are 9 elevators inside the central core and
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2 outside the core. The elaborate elevator distribution is shown b elow:
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Lift 1. Stop at each level from level 6 to 59 Lift 2, 3. Start at ground level, stop from level 8 to 27 Lift 4, Start at ground level, stop from level 48 to 58 Lift 5, Express between ground level and 59 Lift 6, 7. Start at ground level, stop from level 28 to 47 Lift 8. Start at ground level, stop at level 6 and 7. Service lift. Stop at each level Shop lifts. Not included in centre core, Stop at ground level and level 3
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FLOOR PLANS
MAG-SIXTY tower has 7 different floor plans according to its 7 functional zones. It is progress through collaboration with gravity sub-team to obtain the best solution for interior floor layout. Such as column size, number, and location, and uses of shear wall are organised harmonious with each floor plan layout. All the floor plan layout were drawn in Auto CAD. For each floor plan, its total floor shape is plotted from 3D building model in Rhinoceros where it is imported in this floor shape into Auto CAD, and then designed its layout with maximum space utilization and most comfortable human-friendly idea; after having several times modification and integration with other sub-teams, the final floor plan layout CAD file is imported into Sketch Up for interior model design; following large hotel interior design case study, the finally decorated with fully furniture floor model is ready to render to real style photos by using iRender Plugins in Sketch Up.
Sketch Up
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Auto CAD
Rhino
iRender 19 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS - ZONE 1, ATRIUM
The ground level of MAG-SIXTY tower is designed to house a five levels high atrium for its whole ground floor. The building does not have level 1 to level level 4 (shop area only occupies 1/3 of total floor area of level 3). This builds an excellent wide feeling when customs come in the atrium. Cross broad foyer, long size reception welcomes every custom come in from main entry; on the right side, it is a modern cafe with beautiful music played by pianist; on the left side, world banks and internet bar are always ready to service everyone needed; lift and stairs set in centre core just behind reception transport customs to each level; at the back area of ground floor, there is a rain forest and water function, which brings spontaneous entertainments and sustainable environments to the whole building. In order to create the best open view, we only utilize four special columns in the atrium instead of eight normal columns runs through all levels above. Therefore, it requires a transfer structure between ground atrium and floors above which are held by trusses. We put several large trusses on level 5 to connect these two kinds columns for load pass, and these trusses are designed and certificated by our gravity sub-team.
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Rain forest & Water function in the Atrium 20 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS - ZONE 2, SHOP AREA
MAG-SIXTY has its independent shop area on level 3 which consist of 8 to 10 world famous retail shops. As the hotel is located in South Bank and close to Crown Entertainments, these shops can not only open for hotel customs but for visitors from Crown shopping mall and casino as well. Because of shop lifts are spot outside the central core, visitors from out of the hotel will not affect any safety issue on hotel customs at all.
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Level 3 Shop Area Floor Plan The shop area level 3 only has 1/3 area of total floor area, it is suspending in the middle of the atrium. This design ensure most area of ground level will have more than 15 meters height atrium, and at same time, it gives a wide open view overlook hotel foyer and rain forest area for customs on level 3. Our gravity sub-team provides two trusses cross whole atrium sit on columns to support entire floor of shop area.
Level 3 shop area suspending in atrium 21 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS
ZONE 3, OFFICE AREA
Level 6 and 7 of MAG-SIXTY tower is designed as building ’ s office area. It provides 8 different rooms for different requirements such as management, marketing, meeting room, HR department, entertainment space, kitchen, and toilet on each level. Each room is big enough for company lecture or divide into several small p rivate offices if necessary. Office area is using one elevator (Lift 8) only stop at ground level and level 6 and 7, it guarantees employees working effect and hotel customs privacy.
Level 6 Office Layout
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Hotel Marketing Office Room on Level 6
Level 6 Office Area Floor Plan 22 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS
ZONE 4, GUEST ROOM
There are 640 Guest rooms in MAG-SIXTY tower which are distributed in level 8 to level 47. Four fast elevators transports customs between ground atrium and each guest room level in central core. Each level has 16 guest rooms including two types, 8 Standard Rooms and 8 Deluxe Rooms. Both types of guest rooms are suitable for two customs; each room have two double size beds, two full HD televisions, and fashion sofas, study desk with chair, one fridge, and completed washroom with toilet. The Standard Room has a usable living area of 83m 2 out of 90m2
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Standard Guest Room Floor Plan
Interior design for Standard Guest Room 23 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS
ZONE 4, GUEST ROOM
The Deluxe Room has a usable living area of 101m 2 out of 111m2. Compare with Standard Guest Room, this type room has larger living area to make it more comfortable for family living. It also retains an extensive frameless glass curtain wall which brings a much more widely high point vision.
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Level 25, Guest Room Floor Plan
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Deluxe Guest Room Floor Plan
Interior design for Deluxe Guest Room 24 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS
ZONE 5, SUITE ROOM
There are 110 Suite rooms in MAG-SIXTY tower which all located in level 48 to level 58. Two fast elevators transports customs between ground atrium and each suite room level in central core. Each level has 10 suite rooms. It is suitable for twofour customs per suit. Each room have two king size beds, two full HD televisions, fashion sofas, dinner table, one bar area, study desk with chair, one fridge, one wash machine with dryer function and completed washroom with toilet.
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Level 50 Suite Room Floor Plan
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Suite Room Floor Plan
The Suite Room has a usable living area of 112m2 out of 127m2
Interior design for Suite Room 25 | M A G - S I X T Y
FLOOR PLANS
ZONE 6, RESTAURANT
Custom View in the Restaurant
The significant revolving restaurant is at level 59 of MAG-SIXTY tower. It is a top level local cuisine luxury restaurant with maximum capacity of 400 customs; 360 degree top vision overlook entire Melbourne city; Five VIP family room provide best place for any kinds of party. There is one express elevator runs between ground floor and level 59 restaurant directly; and another fast elevator connects whole hotel custom rooms with this top level restaurant.
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The restaurant offers room delivery service to every hotel rooms.
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Level 59 Restaurant Floor Plan 26 | M A G - S I X T Y
Fabrication of scaled model A 1:200 scaled structural model was made on the MAG-SIXTY’ MAG-SIXTY’ s design. The model was constructed through the use of 61 floor plates cut-outs that we digitized in Rhino3D and exported into AutoCAD and CoralDraw files. 3mm MDF materials and balsa wood were used to create the floor plates and columns of different diamaters. A laser cutter was use to cut out each floor plan with precision and was assembled using interlocking designs where quick assembly was obtained. This allowed the architectural team to quickly access any problems that they may have faced without the trouble of glue adhesive assembly. Visualization of the structure’ structure ’ s design in both 3D models and actual scaled model allowed the consortium to discuss on any improvement and changes needed to create a landmark building for generations to admire and enjoy.
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Assembly of Core and Floor Plates
Interlocking Components for Scaled Model
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Atrium Floor Plates and Initial Columns
Initial Assembly of 1:200 Scaled Model
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Installation of Lights and Façade Components 29 | M A G - S I X T Y
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
A crucial part of the overall design of MAG-SIXTY is its incorporation of sustainability architecture. Two aspects of sustainable architecture was taken in account which are ‘structural design & placement’ and ‘ sustainable energy’. energy’. The idea and though of incorporating this sustainable aspects is to reduce environmental impact of buildings and to ensure current activities to not impede opportunity of future generations.
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Structural Design
Energy Usage
Placement •
Orientation
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Solar Control
T R A P
•
D L H
Geothermal Energy
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN
PLACEMENT
ORIENTATION
Direct solar access and the orientation of the structure within the proposed site is critical where majority of thermal heat transfer takes place from the solar radiation. The thermal heat is transferred either in convectional or conductional paths where an absorbed portion of the energy is dissipated by re-emission from inner and outer layers. To understand this, a study of the annual sun path for the proposed site was done as there is a general misunderstanding that solar access does not occur on the south façade for structure in the southern hemisphere. By using online tools such as SunCalc and the ‘Energy Smart Housing Manual’, we are able to identify the impact of sun movement in the equinoxes, winter and summer solstice. solstice. The ‘Green House’ effect is desired during the winter periods where natural heat reten tion would important thermal comfort and reducing the operation burden of HVAC systems. This would in turn reduce electrical cost and reduction in carbon footprint.
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Solar Control
Solar analysis and heat gain are to be conducted before the commencement of the construction of the project. The results from the analysis would provide the needed information in selecting appropriate solar control measures for glass at different sections of the tower. The knowledge of solar heat gain co-efficient during warmer climates and U value for cold climates of the structure in the proposed site has led to the selection of double glazed glass with low-e coating. Low emissivity glass (Low-E) is glass that has a surface coating that changes thermal properties but not the appearance. This allows selective spectral filtering where visible light and infra-red radiation components of the sun are separated. This result in significant heat reduction but light gain is not interrupted compared to body tinted glass. Double glazed glass with low-e coatings in the outer and inner faces would prevent heat gain during warmer periods and prevent heat loss during cooler climates experienced in Melbourne’s f rantic weathers.
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GLASS TYPE
Double glazed low-e coated panels (2 sections) Double glass with single low-e coating panels (4 sections)
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Glass Panels Installed in Sections (6 in Total) 33 | M A G - S I X T Y
ENERGY USAGE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
An interesting addition in the sustainability design of MAG-SIXTY is its implementation of geothermal heat pump to be used with HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) systems. The ground beneath the proposed site could be used as a heat source and heat sink during different seasonal periods to reduce operational cost and carbon emissions of the HVAC system. Vertical closed loop geothermal elements would be used where hole which could span 15-100 15-100 meters deep into the Earth’s surface would be bored and placed into appropriate locations as designed.
S E N T R A P
Studies have shown that geothermal heat pumps are one, if not the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available. By including this sustainable component into the tower’s design, it would lower its overall carbon emission significantly with the appropriate state-of-the-art HVAC systems.
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Ground Source Heat Rejection implemented in the Pearl River Tower by Skidmore Owings and Merrill in Guangzhou
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APPENDIX A GENERAL FLOOR PLAN LAYOUTS
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Rain Forest and Water Features area T C U D O R P L A N O I T A C U D E K S E D O T U A N A Y B D E C U D O R P
Lift Level1-3 Only
P R O D U C E D B Y A N
Lift Level1-3 Only
First Aid
Tel & Internet Bar
Cafe
TOILET
Bank
T O I L E T
Luggage Storage Room &Security
Reception
GeneralManager
A U T O D E S K E D U C A T I O N A L P R O D U C T
T C U D O R P L A N O I T A C U D E K S E D O T U A N A Y B D E C U D O R P
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
T C U D O R P L A N O I T A C U D E K S E D O T U A N A Y B D E C U D O R P
Rain Forest and Water Features area Lift Level1-3 Only
Lift Level1-3 Only
Shop
Shop
Shop
Shop
Shop
Shop
T C U D O R P L A N O I T A C U D E K S E D O T U A N A Y B D E C U D O R P
P R O D U C E D B Y A N A U T O D E S K E D U C A T I O N A L P R O D U C T
