Mental Health and Mental Disorders

Published on June 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 63 | Comments: 0 | Views: 622
of 24
Download PDF   Embed   Report

Comments

Content

WHO: Mental Health as a state of well being where a person can realize his or her own abilities to cope with normal stresses of life and work productively.

1. Defined Burden – refers to the burden currently affecting persons with mental disorders and is measured in terms of prevalence and other indicators such as the quality of life indicators and disability adjusted life years (DALY) 2. Undefined Burden – portion of the burden relating to the impact of mental health problems to persons other than the individual directly affected.

3. Hidden Burden – refers to the stigma and violations of human rights. *Stigma – a mark of shame, disgrace or disapproval that results in a person being shunned or rejected by others. 4. Future Burden – refers to the burden in the future resulting from the aging of the population, increasing social problems and unrest inherited from the existing burden.

The World Health Report of 2003 showed that mental, neurological and substance use disorders cause a large burden of disease and disability: globally, 13% of overall disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 33% of overall years lived with disability (YLDs). More than people suffer from depression at any point in time; nearly commit suicide every year; and about suffer from schizophrenia, from epilepsy, and more than from alcohol or drug use disorder.

1. The mental health infrastructure and service in most countries are grossly insufficient for the large and growing needs 2. Widely prevalent stigma and discrimination prevent them from seeking help.

A policy for mental health care is lacking in 40% of countries, and 25% of those with policy assign with no budget to implement it. Even where a budget exists, it is very small: 36% of countries devote less than 1% of their total health resources to mental health care. Though communitybased services are recognized to be the most effective, 65% of all psychiatric beds are still in mental hospitals.

In the Philippines, the most recent epidemiologic data available on mental illness was the 1993-1994 Baseline Survey conducted in Region VI. The survey showed the total prevalence of mental illness among adults are as follows:  Psychosis – 4.3%  Depression – 5.3%  Panic disorder – 5.5%  Anxiety disorder – 10.5%

Among children:  Enuresis – 9.3%  Speech and Language disorder – 3.9%  Mental Sub normality – 3.7%  Adaptation reaction – 2.4%  Neurotic disorder – 1.1%

 5,465 – the current DOH bed capacity for mental disorders  4,200 – beds in the NCR  1,265 – Rest of the country  Region 1,4,10,12 CARAGA and ARMM – do not have psychiatric facilities.  27 – DOH medical centers and regional hospital who have mental health services  CAVITE – province with a psychiatric facility

A. Wellness of Daily Living -the process of attaining and maintaining mental well-being across the life cycle through the promotion of healthy life style with emphasis in coping with psychosocial issues.  Objectives 1. To increase awareness among the population on mental health and psychosocial issues 2. To ensure access of preventive and promotive mental health services

B. Extreme Life Experiences -an extreme life experience is one that is out of the ordinary and which threatens personal equilibrium  Objectives: 1. To differentiate critical incident and extreme life experiences 2. To identify situations which may be extreme life experiences 3. To categorize/prioritize the extreme life experience which may be the concern of the mental health

4. To identify programs that could address psychosocial consequences and mental health issues of persons with extreme life experiences. C. Mental Disorder  Objectives: -promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illness across the lifespan and across sectors (children & adolescents, adults, elderly, & special population such as military , OFWs, refugees, persons with disabilities)

D. Substance Abuse & Other Forms of Addiction  Objectives: 1.To provide implementers for advocacy accurate, technical information about the psychosocial effects of drugs 2.To promote protective factors against the development of substance abuse/addiction in the following key settings(family, school, workplace, community, health care setting, industry) through existing DOH programs and responsible agencies.

The modern management for mentally ill patients is similar to other chronic diseases. Home care management is advocated. Acute cases are referred to the National Center For Mental Health (NCMH) or hospitals with psychiatric facilities for proper management. They are screened and after a few days they are assessed and discharged if they can be managed at home. Cases needing continuing supervision and care may be confined. A team from the National Center for Mental Health follows up their discharged patients in the provinces.

1. In Mental Health Promotion • Participate in the promotion of mental health among facilities and the community • Utilize opportunities in his/her everyday contacts with other members of the community to extend the general knowledge on mental hygiene • Help people in the community understand basic emotional needs and the factors that promote mental well being

• Teach parents the importance of providing emotional support to their children during critical periods in their lives as first day in school graduation, etc. 2. In Prevention And Control • Recognize mental health hazards and stress situations as unemployment, divorce or abandonment of children, vices, long standing physical illness. • Recognize pathological deviations from normal in terms of acting, thinking and feeling and make early referral so that diagnosis and treatment could be done early.

• Be aware of the potential causes of breakdown and when necessary take some possible preventive reaction. • Help the family to understand and accept the patient’s health status and behavior so that all its members may offers as much support in the readjustments to home and community. • Help patient assess his/her capacities and his/her handicaps in working towards a solution of his/her problem.

• Encourage feeling of achievement by setting health goals that patient can attain • Encourage the patient to express his/her anxieties so that fears and misconceptions can be cleared up • Impart information and guidance about the treatment scheme of the patients, the desired and undesirable effect of the tranquilizers , psychiatric emergency management and other basic nursing care.

3. Rehabilitation • Initiate patient participation in occupational activities best suited to patient’s capabilities, education, experience and training, capacities and interest. • Encourage and initiate patients to partake in activities of CIVIC organization in the community through the cooperation of patient's family • Make regular home visits to observe patients conditions during conversation and follow up of medication.

4. In research and epidemiology • Participate actively in epidemiological survey to be aware of the size and extent of mental health problems of the community and organize a program for better preventive, curative and rehabilitative measures.

• Maintain good physical health • Undergo annual medical examination or more often as needed • Develop and maintain a wholesome lifestyle • Avoid smoking, substance abuse and excessive alcohol • Have a realistic goal in life • Have a friend in whom you can confide and ventilate your problems. • Don’t live in the past and avoid worrying about the future.

• Live-one day at a time • Avoid excessive physical, mental and emotional stress • Develop and sustain solid spiritual values.

Sponsor Documents

Or use your account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Forgot your password?

Or register your new account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link to create a new password.

Back to log-in

Close