mental health

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Mental Health
There exists no standard by which to measure, diagnose, and study the vicinity
of mental health; science, of course, depicts mental health as the unlucky
deficiency of psychopathology. Mental health, according to Keyes (2005) is
imagined as a complete state in which people are free of psychopathology and
thriving with large amounts of passionate, mental, and social prosperity. (Keyes,
2005: 539). Health has been charged to be a complete state comprising of not
simply the absence of sickness yet the vicinity of something positive according to
Ryff & Singer, (1998). (Keyes, 2005: 539) In the case of Beryl(Beryl is her first
name, so Mrs?), we can notice that her mental problems begun after the sudden
demise of her husband (after two years of her husband’s death) and with the fact
that she did not really have anyone close to her, as both her daughters lived far
apart from her.Presume this is the case study? you don't need to inc this as the
markers have access to all the studies.
The true origination of mental health is psychiatric: People are either mentally
sick or assumed mentally healthy. (Keyes, 2005: 539)This position rests on the
untested suspicion that measures of mental ailment and health structure a
solitary bipolar measurement. A few reasons advocate the supremacy of the
dichotomous, psychiatric perspective of mental health. (Keyes, 2005: 539)
Initially, at the conception of the National Institute of Mental Health, the field of
psychopathology was better created observationally than the generally
hypothetical writing of clinical and identity psychology that educated conceptions
of positive mental health as described by quite a few psychological researchers.
(Keyes, 2005) Secondly, confirmation is currently overpowering that people free
of real gloom, for instance, capacity preferred and are more gainful over
discouraged people. (Keyes, 2005) Lastly, confirmation is unquestionable that
mental ailment is a genuine open health issue. Mental issues are common
(regularly co morbid), repeat all around the life compass, are immoderate to treat,
and reason untimely mortality when untreated. (Keyes, 2005)(sorry but I don't like
the inclusion of bullet pointed material, it lacks and discussion and appears lazy

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in demonstrating your knowledge. I would prefer that you included such material
in a more general discussion that flows more for the reader!!!
Based on the case of Beryl, we know she suffers from some kind of Dementia.
[APPENDIX]
Now, dementia can be characterised in three ways: 1. Alzheimer’s Disease,2. Dementia
with Lewy Bodies (DLB) or 3. Vascular Dementia.
1. Alzheimer's disease
It is the most well-known reason for dementia, influencing around 496,000 individuals in
the UK (Iliffe, 2012)(ref such stat's?). The expression "dementia" portrays a set of
symptoms which can incorporate misfortune of memory, mood progressions, and
problems with correspondence and thinking. These symptoms happen when the mind is
harmed by specific diseases and conditions, including Alzheimer's disease. (Iliffe, 2012:
1) Symptoms of the disease may be as follows Patients often get befuddled and often
overlook the names of individuals, spots, arrangements and late occasions (Iliffe, 2012).
They experience mood swings, feel tragic or furious, or frightened and disappointed by
their expanding memory misfortune (Iliffe, 2012); They can also get more withdrawn,
because of a misfortune of trust or to correspondence problems (Iliffe, 2012),
Moreovver, they also experience issues completing ordinary exercises - they may get
jumbled checking their change at the shops or get unsure how to work the TV remote.
(Iliffe, 2012)
As the disease advances, individuals with Alzheimer's will require more support
from the individuals who nurture them. In the end, they will need help with all
their day by day exercises. While there are some regular symptoms of
Alzheimer's disease, it is imperative to recollect that everybody is interesting. No
two individuals are prone to encounter Alzheimer's disease in the same way.
(Iliffe, 2012)
Bullet points!!!!!!!! Please incorporate such into a more flowing discussion. Only
present material this way in reports etc not in essays.

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2. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
It is a sort of dementia that imparts symptoms to both Alzheimer's disease
and Parkinson's disease. It may represent around 10 per cent of all instances
of dementia. DLB has a tendency to be erroneously diagnosed as different
conditions (that may be, DLB is under-diagnosed). (McKeith, 2013: 1)
Symptoms of this kind of dementia may be as follows:
As is the case with most sorts of dementia, the starting symptoms of DLB are
regularly unpretentious, however continuously intensify to cause problems with
day by day living. (McKeith, 2013) Everybody is diverse, yet an individual with
DLB will generally have a percentage of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
and a portion of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (McKeith, 2013)They will
additionally have a few symptoms which are interesting to DLB. Problems with
consideration and sharpness are extremely basic. It is a characteristic of DLB
that these problems differ (change) broadly throughout the span of the day, by
the hour or even a couple of minutes. (McKeith, 2013) There may likewise be
troubles with judging separations and seeing questions in three measurements,
and with arranging and sorting out. Some likewise encounter sorrow. Everyday
memory is regularly influenced in individuals with DLB, however normally less in
the early stages than in right on time Alzheimer's disease. (McKeith, 2013) (I
notice that you include large sections of work, i.e. above that lack inclusion of any
evidence. You must evidence all work that isn't your own.)
Visual visualisations (seeing things that are not there) happen in most individuals
with DLB, and might be upsetting. These are regularly of individuals or creatures,
and are accomplished as itemised and persuading. Sound-related fantasies
(listening to sounds that are not genuine, for example, thumping or strides) can
happen however are less normal.
Visualisations and visual troubles part of the way clarify why numerous
individuals with DLB have daydreams (thinking things that are not genuine).
Somebody may accept they are continuously mistreated, that there are outsiders
living in the house, or that a companion has been supplanted by an
indistinguishable sham. Relatives and care-takers may discover such fancies
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exceptionally troubling. Up to two thirds of individuals with DLB have
development problems when the condition is diagnosed, and this extent expands
as it advances. These symptoms are those of Parkinson's disease, and
incorporate gradualness and inflexibility of development with an unadorned facial
declaration. Strolling is frequently stooped and rearranging, with problems
adjusting. Trembling of the appendages is additionally here and there seen.
Motor symptoms are one motivation behind why an individual with DLB is
inclined to falls. They might likewise black out or have unexplained scenes when
they lose awareness for a couple of minutes. Slumber issue are an alternate
regular manifestation of DLB. The individual may nod off effortlessly by day, yet
have fretful, aggravated nights. Basic problems incorporate disarray, fantasies
and fierce developments as the individual tries to play bad dreams. This evening
slumber example is called fast eye development rest conduct issue. For bunk
accomplices it could be exceptionally upsetting or even physically destructive.
Later stages of DLB: (McKeith, 2013)(evidence in above???)
DLB is a dynamic disease. Symptoms get more terrible and have a tendency to
get more various with time, by and large over a time of a few years. As the
disease advances, problems with normal memory and other mental capabilities
come to look like all the more nearly those of centre or later-stage Alzheimer's
disease. Individuals can likewise create practices that test (e.g. unsettling,
fretfulness, yelling out). (McKeith, 2013)Intensifying development problems imply
that strolling gets slower and less relentless. Falls get more regular. In the later
phases of DLB, numerous individuals have problems with discourse and
swallowing, prompting midsection contaminations or danger of stifling. (McKeith,
2013)
Inevitably, somebody with DLB is prone to need far reaching nursing forethought.
The rate of movement of the condition and the future of an individual with DLB
are exceptionally variable. (McKeith, 2013)On normal somebody may live for
about eight years after the first symptoms. (McKeith, 2013) This is like
Alzheimer's disease.
3. Vascular dementia

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It is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. It
is caused by problems in the supply of blood to the brain. (Bayer, 2011: 1)
Vascular dementia influences diverse individuals in distinctive ways and the
velocity of the movement differs from individual to individual. Commonly, the
symptoms of vascular dementia start abruptly, for instance after a stroke.
Vascular dementia frequently takes after a "stepped" movement, with
symptoms staying at a steady level for a period and then abruptly weakening.
A few symptoms may be like those of different sorts of dementia, for example,
Alzheimer's disease. Notwithstanding, individuals with vascular dementia
might especially encounter: (Bayer, 2011) Symptoms of Vascular Dementia
may be as follows: Patients are seen to have problems with speed of thinking,
focus and correspondence (Bayer, 2011), they might have depression and
uneasiness along with the dementia (Bayer, 2011); Presence of symptoms of
stroke, for example, physical shortcoming or loss of motion (Bayer, 2011);
Symptoms also include memory problems (despite the fact that this may not
be the first side effect) (Bayer, 2011); and seizures (Bayer, 2011); and also
times of serious (intense) disarray. (Bayer, 2011)
Other symptoms connected with vascular dementia may include visual confuses and
misperceptions (for instance, seeing a floor covering as a lake) (Bayer, 2011);
changes in conduct, (for example, fretfulness) (Bayer, 2011); troubles with strolling
and flimsiness (Bayer, 2011); mental trips (seeing or listening to things that aren't
there) and daydreams (accepting things that are not genuine) (Bayer, 2011);
problems with self control (Bayer, 2011); other Mental symptoms, for example,
getting more obsessive. (Bayer, 2011)
(sorry but would feel that would have to fail this work if presented this way!)
Beryl seems to be suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer’s disease, initially portrayed by the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, is a
physical disease influencing the mind. Throughout the course of the disease, protein
plaques and tangles create in the structure of the mind, prompting the demise of
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cerebrum cells. Individuals with Alzheimer’s likewise have a lack of some vital chemicals
in their mind. These chemicals are included with the transmission of messages inside
the cerebrum. Alzheimer’s is a dynamic disease, which implies that slowly, about
whether, more parts of the mind are harmed. As this happens, the symptoms get more
serious. Individuals in the early phases of Alzheimer’s disease may encounter breaches
of memory and have problems discovering the right words. As the disease advances,
they might: (Iliffe, 2012)
Beryl’s symptoms are common with those people suffering from Alzheimer’s
disease. She gets frequent lapses of memory, cannot remember the name of her
grandchildren. She is borderline paranoid as well, constantly thinking that her
house has been burgled. This may be because she cannot remember where she
may have placed certain things. She gets disoriented easily, she was found
mowing her lawn at night, only in her underwear.

Symptoms of dementia are seen contrastingly in distinctive parts of the world. This
incorporates considering dementia as a typical part of maturing, dysfunctional
behaviour, something supernatural connected to powerful alternately otherworldly
convictions or as an irreversible disease of the mind. It is exceptionally critical that there
is better open mindfulness and understanding to lessen the stigma connected with
dementia. This can happen just with decently created and executed political and open
fights to support a societal movement towards acknowledgement and incorporation of
individuals influenced by dementia. Low levels of understanding about dementia lead to
different misguided judgments bringing about propagation of stigma which is pervasive
in most nations at different levels. Individuals with dementia are regularly disengaged,
then again shrouded, on account of stigma or the likelihood of negative responses from
6ndeavours and relatives to behavioural and mental symptoms. The thought that there
is no hope to help individuals with dementia regularly prompts misery and
dissatisfaction. (Batsch & Mittelman, 2012).
The question arises, what exactly is Stigma? According to Goffman, “Stigma is an
attribute, behaviours, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way: it
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causes an individual to be mentally classified by others in an undesirable, rejected
stereotype rather than in an accepted, normal one.” (Batsch & Mittelman, 2012:
8)Erving Goffman talks about stigma in wording of what he calls spoiled identity,
implying that a stigmatised individual has gotten precluded from full social
acknowledgement. The stigmatised individual’s character gets suspect and he or she is
basically seen by others as short of what is human. Goffman characterised stigma as a
characteristic, conduct, or notoriety which is socially undermining in a specific manner: it
causes a single person to be rationally ordered by others in an undesirable, rejected
generalisation instead of in an acknowledged, typical one.
Individuals over the age of 55 are scared of dementia more than any other medical
condition, including cancer (Iliffe, 2012)(you must support such statements with
evidence!?). Yet public awareness about dementia, its symptoms, the significance of
getting diagnosed and the help that is accessible for those with the condition is
restricted. An Alzheimer’s Society (n.d)(ok but when? Date published?) review found
that 50% of all UK grown-ups accept dementia remains a condition tormented by
stigma.
Individuals with dementia face a lot of discrimination for various reasons. There is a
huge misunderstanding about and stigma appended to dementia that shows itself in
boundless unfair state of mind.

(Saunders, 2012)Because most individuals with

dementia are over the age of 65, they can likewise face issues of age separation.
Individuals with dementia are additionally more at danger of separation and
encroachments of their human rights on the grounds that they might not have the ability
to test misuses of their human rights or to report what has happened. This implies that
numerous individuals with dementia and their care-takers confront a poorer personal
satisfaction than the overall public. (Saunders, 2012)There is a broad absence of
consciousness of dementia, its symptoms, its scale and its effect on families. There are
likewise various misunderstandings about dementia – that it is a characteristic some
piece of maturing, that it just influences more established individuals and that there is no
hope to help individuals live well with it. (Saunders, 2012)This absence of
understanding and mindfulness brings about dread and, at last, the enduring outcome is
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stigma. This implies that while on a basic level individuals are thoughtful to others living
with dementia, the ordinary conduct when defied with somebody with dementia is
evasion. (Saunders, 2012) Individuals with dementia and care takers frequently allude
to the stigmatising impacts of conclusion, the state of mind they experience towards
dementia and the significant impact this has upon them and their families, bringing
about them getting to be socially disconnected. (Saunders, 2012)The fear and stigma
that encompasses dementia can likewise hinder individuals from conversing with their
GP about symptoms or to attempt to conceal their symptoms. (Saunders, 2012)Some of
the time close relatives might additionally attempt to conceal the way that the individual
with dementia is encountering problems. (Saunders, 2012)
In Beryl’s case, stigma has not been a problem so far. Her neighbour has been helpful.
However, the reasons for her erratic behaviour have not been fully diagnosed as yet.
With the discovery of her disease, there is a high probability that she will face stigma in
the future. However, there are some measures which her daughters can take to provide
Beryl with proper care. [APPENDIX]
The presentation of the Equality Act 2010 has supplanted past discrimination laws,
uniting them under one bit of enactment. It makes it unlawful for individuals to be dealt
with less 8ndeavours as a result of their age, incapacity, sexual orientation, race,
religion or religion, sexual orientation or transgender. (Saunders, 2012). Support in the
UK is available through the Alzheimer’s Society, which is a membership organisation,
which attempts to enhance the personal satisfaction of individuals influenced by
dementia in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. (Patient.co.uk, 2013)A large number
of their 25,000 parts have particular knowledge of dementia, as care-takers, wellbeing
experts or individuals with dementia themselves, and their encounters help to brief their
work. The Society’s battle for a superior world for individuals with different kinds of
dementia takes an extensive variety of structures. (Patient.co.uk, 2013) Through their
extensions, they touch the lives of in excess of 30,000 individuals consistently, giving an
extensive variety of administrations and support for individuals with dementia and their
care-takers. Consistently, more than a million individuals make utilisation of the data
they give. Through fighting and campaigning the Society strives to impact government
8

approaches and bring issues to light of the difficulties confronted by individuals with
dementia and the individuals who tend to them. And through their examination program
they work to enhance the learning they have about dementia and its medication – and
seeking after a definitive objective of discovering a cure (Patient.co.uk, 2013)
Notwithstanding medicine, medication for Alzheimer’s disease includes an extensive
variety of different measures and medications to help individuals with dementia live as
autonomously as would be prudent. (NHS, 2104)Examples:


an occupational therapist can recognize issue in a patient’s day to day life, for
example, dressing themselves, and getting to work out useful results (NHS,



2104)
Grab bars and handrails might be included around a patient’s home – for



instance, to help a patient get in and out with the shower (NHS, 2104)
mental treatments, for example, cognitive incitement, may be offered to help
enhance patient memory, critical thinking aptitudes and dialect capability (NHS,



2104)
Prescription, other mental therapies, for example, cognitive 9ndeavours9
treatment, and unwinding therapies might additionally be offered to help lessen
any despondency, tension, unsettling, visualisations, hallucinations and testing
conduct that frequently emphasize with Alzheimer’s disease (NHS, 2104)

Consultants are doctors who have had far reaching preparing and encounter in a
particular area of specialty. (Keady, 2011)The forte of the adviser will rely on upon
the age and symptoms of the individual being diagnosed, and on how
administrations are sorted out in your general vicinity. (Keady, 2011)The sorts of
advisers may see include:


Neurologists – authorities in clutters of the mind and sensory system (Keady,



2011)
Geriatricians – authorities in the physical diseases and handicaps of maturity



and the consideration of more established individuals (Keady, 2011)
Therapists – diagnose and treat an extensive variety of mental wellbeing
problems (Keady, 2011)
9



Old age psychiatrists – therapists who have had further preparing in the mental
wellbeing problems of more established individuals. (Keady, 2011)
The adviser works with various specialists who are at different stages in their
medicinal preparing and the individual may be seen by one of these specialists
instead of the specialist. (Keady, 2011)Advisers likewise work with different experts,
including medical caretakers, therapists, social 10ndeavour and word related
specialists, as a component of a group. The specialist is eventually answerable for
the individual’s forethought. (Keady, 2011).
For Beryl, she must first get properly diagnosed, and confirm her disease. In all
probability she has early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, which as discussed
earlier, has no cure at all. However, with a few easy measures and proper care, she
too can lead a relatively normal life. The onus lies with her family, especially her two
daughters to make sure she is not left alone and that she receives proper care and
attention at all times. [APPENDIX]

A complete government plan to address the needs of individuals with dementia gives a
component to think about on the whole as a reach of issues including: (ALZ, 2012)
Promoting expansive open consciousness of Alzheimer’s and fighting stigma Identifying
dementia fit support administrations at all phases of the disease. (ALZ, 2012)
Quantifying the amount of people with dementia Assessing and enhancing the nature of
medicinal

services,

administrations.

social

(ALZ,

mind

and

2012)Assessing

long

haul

accessibility

consideration

support

and

to

access

and

indicative

administrations Public wellbeing 10ndeavours to direct observation and push cerebrum
wellbeing. (ALZ, 2012)
Ok overall this looks to be a very promising paper. I would definately encourage and
urge you to lose the bullet pointed material and incorporate material into the wider
discussion. Also ensure that all areas of your work, e.g. any area where you have stated
something that you have read etc, should be clearly evidenced (by way of referencing
the source).

10

PLEASE DELETE THE STRIKED OUT SECTIONS IN RED WHICH I ASSUME
ARE NOTES BY THE EVALUATOR. I DID NOT DELETE THIS SO THAT THE
CLIENT CAN HAVE A REFERENCE POINT OF CHANGES OR REVISIONS
DONE TO THIS PAPER. PLEASE DELETE THIS PART AS WELL.

REFERENCES:
ALZ, (.D.I. (2012) Government Alzheimer plans, April , [Online], Available:
HYPERLINK "http://www.alz.co.uk/alzheimer-plans" http://www.alz.co.uk/alzheimerplans [22nd May 2014].
Batsch & Mittelman (2012) 'Overcoming the stigma of dementia', World Alzheimer
Report; Alzheimer’s Disease International.
Bayer, P.A. (2011) 'What is vascular dementia?', Alzheimer’s Society, Dec.
Iliffe, P.S. (2012) 'What is Alzheimer's disease?', Alzheimer's Society, March,
Available: HYPERLINK
"http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=100"
http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=100
[22 May 2014].
Keady, P.J. (2011) 'How health and social care professionals can help', Alzheimer’s
Society, Dec.
Keyes, C.L.M. (2005) 'Mental Illness and/or Mental Health? Investigating Axioms of
the Complete State Model of Health', Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 539–548.
McKeith, D.I. (2013) 'What is dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)?', Alzheimer's
Society, June, Available: HYPERLINK
"http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=113"
http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=113
[22 May 2014].
NHS (2104) Alzheimer's disease - Treatment , 26th March, [Online], Available:
HYPERLINK "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Alzheimersdisease/Pages/Treatment.aspx" http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Alzheimersdisease/Pages/Treatment.aspx [22 May 2014].

11

Patient.co.uk (2013) Alzheimer's Society, 30th Oct., [Online], Available: HYPERLINK
"http://www.patient.co.uk/support/alzheimers-society"
http://www.patient.co.uk/support/alzheimers-society [22nd May 2014].
Saunders, T. (2012) http://alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?
documentID=1674, [Online], Available: HYPERLINK
"http://alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=1674"
http://alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=1674 [22
May 2014].

APPENDIX:
Understanding Mental Health: Case Study in dementia
Beryl is a 79 year old lady who has lived on her own for 2 years following the sudden death of
her husband Bill. Beryl lives in South London where she has lived all her life. She has 2
daughters who are both in their early fifties but neither live near Beryl. One, Annie lives in
Colchester with her husband and 3 teenage children, the other, Lizzie lives with her husband in
North London (Barnet) and their 4 children. Since the death of their father both sisters try to visit
Beryl as often as possible but as both are in employment the occasional week passes when
neither visit Beryl. Initially this wasn't a particular problem as Beryl was independent and
maintained good relationships with her neighbour’s one of which was a lady of similar age
12

(Florence) who had also lost her husband some years earlier. Over the past few weeks Beryl has
popped round to her neighbour Florence suggesting that items have gone missing and that
someone must have got into the house and stolen things, including money and house keys. With
help such items were located. On one occasion Florence found Beryl wandering around the high
street in a distressed state and on approaching her Beryl was a little confused and couldn't recall
how to get back home to her house. Florence kindly accompanied her home and duly contacted
Annie informing her of the incident.
Both daughters (Annie and Lizzie) have gradually begun to notice that their mother (Beryl) is
increasingly forgetful and at times disorientated. Beryl recognises her daughters but doesn't
easily recall the names of her grandchildren. Beryl's neighbours are also becoming increasingly
concerned for Beryl aware that Beryl is having regular periods of confusion and disorientation.
Things come to a head when one night Florence is woken by noise in Beryl's garden and notices
Beryl in her garden wearing only her under garments trying to mow the lawn. Beryl had nothing
on her feet and was clearly shivering with cold. Florence managed to coax Beryl back into the
house and warmed her up with a hot drink. She then managed to get Beryl in to her night clothes
and into bed, where Beryl soon settled down to sleep. In the morning Florence alerted Annie who
managed to get out of work for the morning to visit her mother. Annie found Beryl in an agitated
state believing that someone had burgled her house in the night. It was at this point that both
sisters agreed to alert Beryl's GP with a view to seeking immediate help and support for their
mother.

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