Mobile Phone
Content
PREFACE
Mobile phones are now so common that they hardly attract attention. People have started understanding the value, convenience and ease of owing a mobile phone. In earlier days, very few people could think of buying mobile phones but today looking at the dropped prices, almost every individual can afford to purchase it. Mobile phones are equipped with every latest feature you desire. Even if you don't need the advanced features, you can get a basic mobile phone to make and receive calls. They can help us in our fast lifestyles when we have no time to meet our friends, relatives and left with the only option of talking over the phone. We can stay in touch whenever and wherever we need to.
Mobile phones available in small attractive designs, provides access to many useful features like camera, games, music and many more. We almost take them for granted as they are extremely affordable to maintain. The loads of useful features make lives much easier. Some like to use it as a camera, some for listening to music, some for making calls, some for entertainment purposes and some for multipurpose. With the latest java games, wallpapers, polyphonic ringtones, Bluetooth mobile technology, picture messaging, you can never feel bored. These days, people are looking for comfort, convenience and reliability and mobile phones have surely provided them all.
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The main advantage of mobile phones is talking on the move but if due to a poor reception or network, an important call gets dropped, it's no use. So you need to take care while choosing your network service provider so that you don't face any problems while making and receiving calls. You can choose among the best mobile Phone Networks like Orange, 3 Mobile, T Mobile, O2, Vodaphone, Virgin, etc. All these mobile networks provide cheap line rental mobile tariff plans, benefits like free line rental, half line rental and free mobile phone insurance with free mobile handsets. The roaming feature allows you to make and receive calls even if you are out of your country. It might be a little expensive but let's people stay connected.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
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1.1 MOBILE PHONES
Mobile phones have become so much a part of our life as a part of our body. Computers, the internet and as a means of communication used more now than fixed line phones. They provide telecommunications to people without the constraints a fixed telephone. communicate with one another Provide more freedom to people to from virtually any where. Mobile
telecommunications can help us live our lives more efficiently. The cut down the need to travel, reduce business costs and can be a vital safety device. And of course people enjoy using them, (Specially Youth). While travelling the history of mobile hand sets we notice a very high increase in the mobile phone manufacturer targets mainly on youth in the society. Majority of mobile hand sets producers and mobile operators come with advanced applications to attract youth. The latest mobile phones provides advanced technologies like G.P.S (Global Positioning System – which shows maps of the different locations around globe), blue tooth, internet, video conferencing etc. These handy applications attracts the youth mainly college students because of its various uses. Now a days mobile phones are available at a best and infact the financial cost of maintaining a mobile phone is generally low, mostly a mobile phone is now known as a Personal identity. Most of the youth including students i.e. teenagers and college students consider them as a fashion accessory. Mobile phones usage in campuses has
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changed the way of our young people communicating text messaging have taught them a whole new language. It is of use to parents also. It helps them in monitoring their wards and enabling them the comfort of communicating them at any time, any where………….
1.1.1 Camera Phones
Camera Phones are the attraction of present day mobile sets. They are very helpful in taking and sharing our dear and near one’s photos, videos and so on. Photos taken by these camera phones can be shared to other mobiles using blue tooth technology or through data cables connected to a P.C.
1.1.2 Sound recorders
Sound recording facility in cell phones can be used for Recording Sounds whatever it may be. The recorded sound clips can be furtherly shared using blue tooth or by data cable.
1.1.3 Working
Mobile phones work with receiving and sending electromagnetic waves which are transmitted and received through an in built antenna inside the handset. The mobile phone operators provide signal towers which contain
powerful signal receivers and transmitters which help to operate them freely without wires.
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1.2
HISTORY OF CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY
1.2.1 First generation: Cellular networks
The main technological development that distinguished the First Generation mobile phones from the previous generation was the use of multiple cell sites, and the ability to transfer calls from one site to the next as the user travelled between cells during a conversation. The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The initial launch network covered the full metropolitan area of Tokyo's over 20 million inhabitants with a cellular network of 23 base stations. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nation-wide 1G network. Analog Motorola Dyna TAC 8000X Advanced Mobile Phone System mobile phone as of 1983 The next 1G network to launch was the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1981.[17]. NMT was the first mobile phone network featuring international roaming. The Swedish electrical engineer Osten Makitalo started work on this vision in 1966, and is considered to be the father of the NMT system, and by some the father of the cellular phone \tself.ll8Jll91 The NMT installations were based on the Ericsson AXE digital exchange nodes. Several other countries also launched 1G networks in the early 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. A two year trial started in 1981 in Baltimore and Washington DC with 150 users and 300 Motorola Dyna TAC pre[Type text] Page 6
production phones. This took place on a seven tower cellular network that covered the area. The DC area trial turned into commercial services in about 1983 with fixed cellular car phones also built by Motorola. They later added the 8000X to their Cellular offerings. A similar trial and commercial launch also took place in Chicago by Ameritech in 1983 using the famous first hand-held mobile phone Motorola DynaTAC. As mentioned above, in 1982 the FCC approved AT&T's 1971 proposal for Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the 824894 MHz band.[20] Analog AMPS was superseded by Digital AMPS in 1890. In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology (based, to a large extent, on the Gladden, Parelman Patent), which employed multiple, centrally controlled base stations (cell sites), each providing service to a small area (a cell). The cell sites would be set up such that cells partially overlapped. In a cellular system, a signal between a base station (cell site) and a terminal (phone) only need be strong enough to reach between the two, so different base stations could operate using the same frequencies with little or no interference. Vodafone made the UK's first mobile call at a few minutes past midnight on 1 January 1985.[21] The technology in these early networks was pushed to the limit to accommodate increasing usage. The base stations and the mobile phones utilized variable transmission power, which allowed range and cell size to vary. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability to reduce transmission
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power allowed new cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus more capacity. The evidence of this growth can still be seen in the many older, tall cell site towers with no antennae on the upper parts of their towers. These sites originally created large cells, and so had their antennae mounted atop high towers; the towers were designed so that as the system expanded—and cell sizes shrank—the antennae could be lowered on their original masts to reduce range.
1.2.2 Second generation: Digital networks
Two 1991GSM mobile phones with several AC adapters. In the 1990s, the 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems emerged, primarily using the GSM standard. These 2G phone systems differed from the previous generation in their use of digital transmission instead of analog transmission, and also by the introduction of advanced and fast phone-tonetwork signaling. The rise in mobile phone usage as a result of 2G was explosive and this era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) launched in Finland. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in America, though with some overlap. For example, the 900 MHz frequency range was used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe, so the 1G systems were rapidly closed down to make space for the 2G systems. In America the IS-54 standard was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing analog channels. [Type text] Page 8
Coinciding with the introduction of 2G systems was a trend away from the 'larger "brick" phones toward tiny 100-200g hand-held devices. This change was possible not only through technological improvements such as more advanced batteries and more energy-efficient electronics, but also related to the higher density of cellular sites needed because of increasing usage. The latter meant that the average distance transmission from phone to handset shortened. Both factors led to increased battery life for customers whilst on the move. Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems used in Japan around 1997-2003 The second generation introduced a new variant of communication called SMS or text messaging. It was initially available only on GSM networks but spread eventually on all digital networks. The first machine-generated SMS message was sent in the UK on 3 December 1992 followed in 1993 by the first person-to-I person SMS sent in Finland. The advent of prepaid services in the late 1990s soon made SMS the communication method of choice amongst the young, a trend which spread across all ages. 2G also introduced the ability to access media content on mobile phones. In 1998 the first downloadable content sold to a mobile phones was the ring tone, launched by Finland's Radiolinja (now Elisa). Advertising on the mobile phone first appeared in Finland when a free daily SMS news headline service was launched in 2000, sponsored by advertising. Mobile payments were trialed in 1998 in Finland and Sweden where a mobile phone was used to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine and car
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parking. Commercial launches followed in 1999 in Norway. The first commercial payment system to mimic banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart. The first full internet service on mobile phones was introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1999.
1.2.3 Third generation: High speed IP data networks
Main Feature : 3G
As the use of 2G phones became more widespread and people began to utilize mobile phones in their daily lives, it became clear that demand for data services (such as access to the internet) was growing. Furthermore, experience from fixed broadband services showed there would also be an ever increasing demand for greater data speeds. The 2G technology was nowhere near up to the job, so the industry began to work on the next generation of technology known as 3G. The main technological difference that distinguishes 3G technology from 2G technology is the use of packet switching rather than circuit switching for data transmission [22]. In addition, the standardization process focused on requirements more than technology (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate indoors, 384 kbit/s outdoors, for example). Inevitably this led to many competing standards with different contenders pushing their own technologies, and the vision of a single unified worldwide standard looked far from reality. The standard 2G CDMA networks became 3G [Type text] Page 10
compliant with the adoption of Revision A to EV-DO, which made several additions to the protocol whilst retaining backwards compatibility: * the introduction of several new forward link data rates that increase the maximum burst rate from 2.45 MWt/s to 3.1 Mbit/s. * * * protocols that would decrease connection establishment time. the ability for more than one mobile to share the same time slot. the introduction of QoS flags. All these were put in place to allow for low latency, low bit rate communications such as VolP.[23] The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on October 1, 2001, using the WCDMA technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 IxEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the USA. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further 8 commercial launches of 3G, six more on WCDMA and two more on the EV-DO standard. During the development of 3G systems, 2.5G systems such as CDMA2000 Ix and GPRS were developed as extensions to existing 2G networks. These provide some of the features of 3G without fulfilling the promised high data rates or full range of multimedia services. CDMA2000-1X delivers theoretical
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maximum data speeds of up to 307 kbit/s. Just beyond these is the EDGE system which in theory covers the requirements for 3G system, but is so narrowly above these that any practical system would be sure to fall short. The high connection speeds of 3G technology enabled a transformation in the industry: for the first time, media streaming of radio (and even television) content to 3G handsets became possible [2], with companies such as Real Networks [3] and Disney [4] among the early pioneers in this type of offering. In the mid 2000s an evolution of 3G technology begun to be implemented, namely High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit/s. Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which provides speeds of up to 42 Mbit/s downlink and 84 Mbit/s with Release 9 of the 3GPP standards. By the end of 2007 there were 295 Million subscribers on 3G networks worldwide, which reflected 9% of the total worldwide subscriber base. About two thirds of these were on the WCDMA standard and one third on the EV-DO standard. The 3G telecoms services generated over 120 Billion dollars of revenues during 2007 and at many markets the majority of new phones activated were 3G phones. In Japan and South Korea the market no longer supplies phones of the second generation. Earlier in the decade there were doubts about
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whether 3G might happen, and also whether 3G might become a commercial success. By the end of 2007 it had become clear that 3G was a reality and was clearly on the path to become a profitable venture.
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1.3
CELLULAR TELEPHONE BASICS
Cell and Sector Terminology
With cellular radio we use a simple hexagon to represent a complex object: the geographical area covered by cellular radio antennas. These areas are called cells. Using this shape let us picture the cellular idea, because on a map it only approximates the covered area.
When showing a cellular system we want to depict an area totally covered by radio, without any gaps. Any cellular system will have gaps in coverage, but the hexagonal shape lets us more neatly visualize, in theory, how the system is laid out. Notice how the circles below would leave gaps in our layout.
Notice the illustration below. The middle circles represent cell sites. This is where the base station radio equipment and their antennas are located. A cell site gives radio coverage to a cell. [Type text] Page 14
Most cells have been split into sectors or individual areas to make them more efficient and to let them to carry more calls. Antennas transmit inward to each cell. That's very important to remember. They cover a portion or a sector of each cell, not the whole thing. Antennas from other cell sites cover the other portions. The covered area, if you look closely, resembles a sort of rhomboid, as you'll see in the diagram after this one. The cell site equipment provides each sector with its own set of channels. In this example, just below, the cell site transmits and receives on three different sets of channels, one for each part or sector of the three cells it covers.
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1.4
MOBILE PHONE ON COLLEGE CAMPUS
Now a days, mobile phone is no longer the simple communicational tool
for individuals, it has become a comprehensive media with powerful functions for information communication. The epoch of mobile phone is approaching, which implies a information revolution of human with wide and deep effects- the sixth media revolution. Students are always the fashion followers and spokesman. Mobile phone, with the symbol of fashion, popularity and innovation fits in with the psychological characteristic of adolescents now a days. Now colleges have become the main market of mobile phones. As the development of 3G
technology and the decrease in price, mobile phones will irresistibly become the temptation for students on campus. Mobile phones as the symbol of development of digital technology, should play an essential role in education When we try to build up our campus culture. There is no doubt that new media technology has an innovative effect on the campus culture. Firstly, on moral education, mobile phone has created a new education mode, as well as the advanced education methods for it. In order to improve the education of today’s network era, we should make the most use of the sources from the internet. Many students use the mobile phones to convey the information which can’t be expressed face to face. This will shorten the distance between the teachers and students. Secondly, when talking about teaching management, many campuses begin to co-operate with Telecom Corporation and propagation service company to a new platform for transmitting information, so that it can fulfill the digital
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management of the information of teachers, students and parents. This platform uses sheet messages as main carried, accompanying with the phonic number for special service and computer for surfing he Internet, and it can provide a well rounded instant and high-efficient new mode for the communication between the students and management. Cell phones have been a growing issue in the campuses for some time now. Some educational firms have even banned then from being on the
campuses and others have set strict rules about the use of the device. Mobile phones with students in the class room can definitely deviate his/her attention from the Lecture to the mobile. It is better to switch off mobiles at class timings. The usage of cell phones in the class timing-whatever it may be – the teacher or student, is not a good tenancy. But mobile phones have an essential role in emergencies for girls coming from distant places for studying. Parents consider mobiles as a medium to check whether their son/daughter is safe on his/her way have after college. But the student in town does not consider mobiles as a serious instrument. They use it or sending messages and sharing videos and songs and pictures downloaded from the Internet. Indecent messages, pictures and videos getting shared through mobile phones commonly. culture. Most of the cyber crimes have a link with colleges or related to students. Cyber harassment in campuses is a very serious subject now which is on the These activities related to cybercrimes badly affect our
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increase. campuses.
Many phonographic materials spreads easily through mobiles in
Like other fields, mobile phone technologies are being used by a section for of people for criminal activities. Camera phones are used to take private photos of some body and without their permission can be further edited and changed and uploaded in Internets and other mediums. Similarly many issues related to harassment of girls by using mobile phone cameras without their permission is increased. The hidden camera incidents are common in the society.
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1.5 USES & MISUSES OF MOBILE PHONES
Mobile phones have revolutionized the lives of people in the past 15 years. The ability to communicate, compute and access content via mobile phones has redefined connectivity and communication. But high-end mobile phones have also become handy devices for criminals, anti-social elements and even terrorists. Mobile phones have their uses and misuses.
1.5.1 Uses
1. The ability to communicate wirelessly and across borders is one of the biggest uses of mobile phones. Mobile phones have emerged as the primary communication devices for millions of rural, remote and underdeveloped areas in developing countries where it is difficult to build extensive fixed-line and other wired phone infrastructures. Mobile phones can be used in many emergency situations and exigencies to gain valuable and timely help.
Multiple Functions
Latest generation mobile phones can be used to access email, listen to music, bank and shop online, store photos and songs, play games.
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Enterprise Usage
Advanced mobile phones or smart phones allow frequent travelers, mobile professionals and other corporate users to access enterprise applications and programs, view and access documents and work anywhere, anytime.
1.5.2 Misuses
Cameras loaded on most mobile phones can be used to take pictures of women and unsuspecting children; these photos are then generally morphed, manipulated and circulated on the Internet. Texting can also be used to abuse or stalk people.
Criminal and Illicit Activities
Mobile phones have been known to be used by unscrupulous elements, thieves and criminals to carry out a number of criminal schemes, scamming programs and other illicit activities.
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CHAPTER-2 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY
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Rationale of the Study
We live in a world of technology and it's going to keep growing at a rapid pace, all teenagers are curious. Once you have gotten over the argument of bill payment your teen will be fine, they may overindulge on the first bill or two but by confiscating the cell phone for a day or two will soon teach them the importance of money management. You will always know where they are and from the sound of their voice on the other end of the phone your mind will be put at ease. Main reasons parents offer teens cell phones Knowing that your son or daughter is safe and sound is priceless. If ever they need your help you are only a phone call away. With many late teens driving cell phones are a necessity, let's face it most cannot even change a puncture. Please remember if you allow your teen a cell phone in the car, make sure you or they purchase a hands free kit or earpiece. Teens have so many things to talk about and can get so wrapped up in conversation that the driving aspect takes a backseat. For a few more money play safe. Camera cell phones are more popular with teens for the obvious reasons. It's easy to use and fool around with and let's face it they are harmless fun. There is a downside to having the camera phone and that's the ongoing cost. If the phone is prepaid it's simply, you can only text friends photo's when you have the credit but if the phone is linked to monthly bill payments camera phones are by far the more expensive to operate. If your teen insists on sending SMS via the camera phone, why not encourage them to do so through email. Simply connect the [Type text] Page 22
phone to the PC via a usb cable (normally supplied with the phone), upload the photo's and with broadband in most area's email is much cheaper. From the study with the M.G College TVM I understood that The basic requirement for a normal human in India is redefined – food, clothing, shelter and cell phone.
Cell phones have become a mainstream product in today’s world and have a huge impact on today’s world. With youth population constituting half of the population, India has become a fine breeding ground for highest cell connections.
When mobile phones hit the high street over 10 years ago, not only did it give us the ability to communicate with friends, family and colleagues anytime and anywhere, but along the way it has also changed our social behavior and has made a huge cultural impact.
It is the easiest way to stay connected with family and friends and also provides security, like updating our parents where we are if it gets late to go home. It helps to socialize, creates a sense of belonging to peer group and easy access to media and environment. Apart from its regular use, cell phones express individual identities. Right from the model we buy till the ring tone and wallpaper set, every minute detail is noted. Mobile phones have also become a secret diary for teenagers.
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New technologies offer a culture of information, pleasure and relative autonomy, all of which are of particular appeal to society's youth. This has implications not only for young people themselves but also for their relationships within the family and between generations. The advent of globalisation has meant, for many young people, the sphere of experience has become global and local at once. Young people are often among the first to take advantage of their introduction. Subsequently, the challenge is to give culturally valid meaning to the use of new technologies.
Scope of the study
In this fast moving world mobile phones and usage is an unavoidable part of life. Each and every day the technology is updating. Now we have the world is in our finger tips. Here we like to focus more on the scope, by this we can know about the students approach towards the mobile gaming and how much it influence their life and also helps to identify what type of games which they are really interested. This type of survey's help the company's to identify what the customers are expecting. The usage will vary from one person to another so it's clearly being identified by using this type of studies. The study is mainly focused on the usage of mobile games by the college students. This help the companies to implement the customer needs and the same time they can know about to what extend the customers are satisfied with their products and services.
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Objectives of the study
To understand the behavior of students regarding usage of mobile phones and playing games using mobile phones. To know about the use and misuse of mobile inside the campus.
Methodology
Research Design: Descriptive research
Sample Size: Two hundred and fifty students taken from various departments of M.G College ,TVM ,and 35 students for questionnaire Sample Design: Data Collection: Convenience Personal sampling interview ,questioners and internet.
Tools and techniques used: Descriptive Statistics
Limitations of the study
This study suffers some limitations too. The study was limited to M.G College of Science only, and so the interpretation of the study may not be taken on the basis for other colleges. There was some weak response from the part of the respondents. The time period of the study was also limited.
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CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
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Mobile or cell phones are all the rage on most college campuses. Because cell phone technology has now gone beyond placing a simple call, college students, instructors and staff can use their phones to keep up with assignments and class schedules, communicate with friends and colleagues, and become aware of campus alerts and warnings. But while there are many benefits of using a cell phone on a college campus, the disruptive nature of a cell phone can make using the device somewhat difficult.
3.1 General characteristics by the Questionnaire analysis
General Characteristics is by the Questionnaire analysis, by means of selfadministered one-page questionnaire. Everybody sitting in cafeterias and campus outdoors were given the questionnaires after short explanation about the survey. Every student accepted to fill up the questionnaire and handed back the questionnaire. after completing it. However, small number of respondents did not provide answer to one or two questions.
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1) Own a mobile phone
Age Group No: of Response 18-20 21-23 24-26 Total Percentage 10 15 10 35 Response 28.57 42.8 28.57 100 Yes Yes Yes
Feedback: From this survey all own mobile phone. Cone diagram based on age of respondents
100 80 60 40 20 0
Age Group No: of Percentage Response 42.8 42.8 14.2 100 Yes Yes Yes
Response 18-20 15 21-23 15 5 1) 24-26 to operate a mobile phone How Total 35
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Feed back: all students know how to operate mobile phones Column diagram based on age of respondents
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
2) Type of mobile phone
Percentag Age Group 18-20 21-23 24-26 Total No: of Response 5 14 16 35 e 14.2 40 45.7 100 Response Without camera Camera Camera
Feedback: Only 14.2% of students are using the mobile
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phone without camera.
Column diagram based on age of respondents
250 200 150 100 50 0
3) Misuse of mobile phone inside campus.
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
10 15 15 35
28.57 42.8 42.8 100
No No No
Feedback: Surprisingly all are saying that they are not misusing mobile phones on the campus
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Colum diagram based on age of respondents
100
50
0
13 2 -2
4) Better Opinion
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
15 10 10 35
p u o r e g A
l a o t
42.8 28.5 28.5 100
Mobile Phone Mobile Phone Mobile Phone
Feedback: There is no wonder that all are saying mobile is better
100 80
Colum60digram of based on age of respondents
40 20 0
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5) Mobiles should be banned from college campus
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
8 19 19 35
22.8 54.2 54.2 100
No No No
Feed back: No one can think about that mobile bann or banned from colleges
Colum diagram of based on age of respondents
100 80 60 40 20
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0
6) Kind of mobile connection
Age Group
No: of Response
Percentage
Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
16 14 5 35
45.7 40
Prepaid Prepaid Prepaid
14 100
Feed back: All are using Prepaid Connection
Colum diagram of based on age of respondents
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100 50 0
13 2 -2
7) Use of mobile phone
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
p u o r e g A
l a o t
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
20 11 4 35
57 31 11 100
Calling, Messaging and gaming Calling, Messaging and gaming Calling& Messaging
Feed Back :- 88% using their Mobile phone for Calling , Messaging and Gaming only 11% is using mobile for Calling and Messaging Cylinder Diagram based on age of respondents 120
100 80 60 40 20 0 Age group 140
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21 -23
total
8) Use of internet through mobile phone
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
8 19 8 35
22 54 22 100
Yes Yes No
Feed Back: From the questionnaire analysis 76% of college students in M.G College are using Internet through their Mobile phones. That shows that their mobile phone is in high technology version too. And only 22% is using normal Mobile Phone.
Pie Diagram based on age of respondents
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9) When you get an indecent picture or videos
Feed Back: AllAge Group of the students in Response wants to No: of M.G College Percentagedelete 18-20 25 71 indecent pictures 21-23 or videos if they receive it 3 8 24-26 7 20 Total 35 100
Response
Delete it Delete it Delete it
Cylinder Diagram on age of respondents
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Age group 21 -23 total
3.2 Institutionalization and it effects
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Mahatma Gandhi College owes its origin to Sri. Mannathu Padmanabhan, the illustrious founder of Nair Service Society.
The College started functioning at Vadassery Amma Veedu at Perumthanni in 1948 and was later shifted to the present site at Kattachakkonam, now known as Kesavadasapuram. Late Sri. C. Rajagopalachari, the last Governor General of India, laid the foundation stone for the new building on August 22, 1948. The Arts section was shifted to this building in 1949, and the Science section the in 1950. The main building was completed in 1958 and was inaugurated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, on April 24, 1958. The college celebrated its Silver Jubilee during 1974-75. The foundation stone of the threestoreyed Mannam Memorial Block was laid by Sri. P.K. Narayana Panikker, General Secretary of the NSS on April 23, 1989. The Block was inaugurated by Dr. Saroop Singh, the then Governor of Kerala, on October 2, the Gandhi Jayanthi Day 1990. [Type text] Page 37
With about 4,000 students, 12 Degree and eight PG courses, Mahatma Gandhi College is at present the prime collegiate institution of the NSS. Besides providing research facilites in various disciplines and internet connection in the library, the college has recently started the Instrumentation Course attached to its Department of Physics.
With several of its former students winning laurels in different spheres, and a dedicated crew of teaching and managerial staff to spur it on, the college is a centre of excellence in the capital.
Location:The M.G College campus is situated in the heart of Thiruvananthapuram city at a walking distance from Kesavadasapuram junction. This makes M.G College one of the easiest accessible colleges in the State. It is around 3 km awayfrom Trivandrum Cyber police station, Pattom. The nearest bus station is in front of the M.G College bus stand which is only half 100metres away from student’s class rooms As per the Government have given specific instructions to restrict the use of mobile phones and prohibit fashion shows and vulgar dances in the campuses.
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Accordingly institutional level Ethics committee has been constituted with the Principal as Chair person. In compliance with the order of Hon'ble High Court of Kerala and the instructions issued by the Government a surprise inspection squad is also constituted in the institution to ensure the compliance of instructions issued. The squad is empowered to conduct surprise inspections in the campus and would furnish reports to the principal and Ethics Committee for further necessary action. As per the instructions given by the Government, the Ethics committee will forward monthly reports to the District level committee that chaired by the District Collector. The State level committee with Hon'ble Minister for Education as chair person will review the reports bimonthly and issue necessary orders. In these circumstances, all are directed not to bring Mobile phones with camera or ordinary phone in switch on position to the campus. No excuses will be entertained. Also, the use and possession of mobile phones, pagers, programmable calculators, digital diaries and any other transmitting electronic devices are not to be allowed inside the M.G .College campus. Any violation of this stipulation will be treated as malpractice. M.G College Principle said that now a days mobile phone misuse ruining family lives and students psychological factors. He has also said that instances of
mobile phones becoming an instrument for erosion of fidelity among couples and cheating women are on the rise in the State. Talking to me during the period my project , he said mobile phones had become instrumental in ruining several family lives. Many of the women who were victims of mobile phone misuse were [Type text] Page 39
educated. So he wanted give an awareness campaign against the misuse of mobile phones to the college students of M.G College and to prevent his
students from falling prey to strangers' advances through the mobile phone.
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CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS , SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
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4.1 Findings and discussions
The following are the insights from the study
. Among the 57.5% of the respondents were male and 42.5% were female.
. We infer that 7.5% use post paid connection and 92.5% use prepaid connection.
. We infer that among the service providers Airtel is preferred the most i.e. 72.5%,Vodaphone 25% and Aircel 2.5%.
. We infer that majority of the respondents are satisfied with their service provider , i.e. 80% and the rest 20% are not satisfied.
. We infer that among response Nokia is preferred the most, i.e. 55%, 38% prefer Sony Ericsson, 5% prefer Motorola and 2% prefer Samsung.
. We infer that majority of the respondents use mobile phones for making calls and SMS , i.e. 35%, making calls alone 15%, SMS alone 25%.None prefer to use mobile phones for only games.
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. We infer that majority of the respondents i.e. 42.5% consider keypad problem
as a disturbance while playing games, 17.5% consider low RAM as a disturbance and 12.5% pointed out other problems.
. We infer that 60% of the respondents spend time to play games for more than half an hour, 25% plays games from half an hour to one hour, 12.5% play more than one hour and 2.5% play more than two hour.
. We infer that among the games played respondents prefer Snake 5%, board
games 2.5%, golf 2.5%, Tetras 2.5% and other games 82.5%.None likes to play Tennis.
. We infer that 20% respondents prefer strategic games to be seen in their [Type text] Page 43
mobiles, 30% prefer sports, 15% prefer puzzles, 20% prefer racing, and 5% prefer inbuilt games, rest did not respond.
. We infer that among the games played respondents prefer Snake 5%, board
games 2.5%, golf 2.5%, Tetras 2.5% and other games 82.5%.None likes to play Tennis.
. We infer that 20% respondents prefer strategic games to be seen in their mobiles, 30% prefer sports, 15% prefer puzzles, 20% prefer racing, and 5% prefer inbuilt games, rest did not respond.
. We infer that majority of the respondents prefer inbuilt games i.e. 50%, download games 30%,both 15% and 5% did not respond.
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. We infer that 45% of the respondents are willing to spent <10000/- for mobiles having their preferred games, 22.5% are willing to pay >10000/- and 15% are willing to pay > 15000/-.
4.2 Suggestions
The mobile phone usage in classrooms inside campus should be in a controlled manner. It should be switched off during class timings. [Type text] Page 45
Camera mobile phones should be restricted in campus. In should be restricted from labs and libraries. Institutions management should check the above things and correctly obeyed by the students.
4.3 Conclusion
The outcome of the survey has helped us in identifying the interest of students towards mobile phone games. The usage of mobile phone among the students have been increased to a great extend. Mobile phones are not considered as a device for communication alone but it is considered as a media for entertainment.
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I come to know that now a day's most of the mobile phone users prefer games in their mobiles. And they are willing to spend some of their time in playing games to relieve from stress. It could also be used to trace out the various kinds of games in which they would prefer to be seen in their phones. Most of them like to have Racing games in their mobile phones. So the Mobile Companies can bring in more racing type of games rather than other games in mobiles. Customers are also uncomfortable playing games using keypads and they prefer joysticks for playing games. Most of the mobile users feel that their mobiles life is reduced due to playing games. It is strongly recommended to the mobile manufacturers to produce quality mobiles for gaming purposes
ANNEXURE INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
TOPIC: USE OF MOBILE PHONES IN CAMPUS
Name Class
: ……………………… : ……………………....
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College: ………………………. 1) Do you own a mobile phone? Yes No
2) Do you know how to operate a mobile phone? Yes No
3) What type of mobile phone you have? With Camera without Camera
4) Do you think mobile phones are misusing inside campus? Yes No
5) What is better, in your opinion? Land Phones Mobile Phones
6) Do you favour mobiles should be banned from college campus? Yes No
7) What kind of mobile connection you own? Post paid Pre paid
8) For what activity you use mobile phone? [Type text] Page 48
Calling
Messaging
Gaming
9) Do you use internet through mobile phone? Yes No
10) What will you do when you get an indecent picture or videos? Share with friends Complaint to police Delete it
REFERENCE
Methodology
of
research
in
Use
of
Mobile
phones:
M.G
Princiciple
Mr.Raveendran Nair Research Methodology: C.R Kothari
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Mobile phones are now so common that they hardly attract attention. People have started understanding the value, convenience and ease of owing a mobile phone. In earlier days, very few people could think of buying mobile phones but today looking at the dropped prices, almost every individual can afford to purchase it. Mobile phones are equipped with every latest feature you desire. Even if you don't need the advanced features, you can get a basic mobile phone to make and receive calls. They can help us in our fast lifestyles when we have no time to meet our friends, relatives and left with the only option of talking over the phone. We can stay in touch whenever and wherever we need to.
Mobile phones available in small attractive designs, provides access to many useful features like camera, games, music and many more. We almost take them for granted as they are extremely affordable to maintain. The loads of useful features make lives much easier. Some like to use it as a camera, some for listening to music, some for making calls, some for entertainment purposes and some for multipurpose. With the latest java games, wallpapers, polyphonic ringtones, Bluetooth mobile technology, picture messaging, you can never feel bored. These days, people are looking for comfort, convenience and reliability and mobile phones have surely provided them all.
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The main advantage of mobile phones is talking on the move but if due to a poor reception or network, an important call gets dropped, it's no use. So you need to take care while choosing your network service provider so that you don't face any problems while making and receiving calls. You can choose among the best mobile Phone Networks like Orange, 3 Mobile, T Mobile, O2, Vodaphone, Virgin, etc. All these mobile networks provide cheap line rental mobile tariff plans, benefits like free line rental, half line rental and free mobile phone insurance with free mobile handsets. The roaming feature allows you to make and receive calls even if you are out of your country. It might be a little expensive but let's people stay connected.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
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1.1 MOBILE PHONES
Mobile phones have become so much a part of our life as a part of our body. Computers, the internet and as a means of communication used more now than fixed line phones. They provide telecommunications to people without the constraints a fixed telephone. communicate with one another Provide more freedom to people to from virtually any where. Mobile
telecommunications can help us live our lives more efficiently. The cut down the need to travel, reduce business costs and can be a vital safety device. And of course people enjoy using them, (Specially Youth). While travelling the history of mobile hand sets we notice a very high increase in the mobile phone manufacturer targets mainly on youth in the society. Majority of mobile hand sets producers and mobile operators come with advanced applications to attract youth. The latest mobile phones provides advanced technologies like G.P.S (Global Positioning System – which shows maps of the different locations around globe), blue tooth, internet, video conferencing etc. These handy applications attracts the youth mainly college students because of its various uses. Now a days mobile phones are available at a best and infact the financial cost of maintaining a mobile phone is generally low, mostly a mobile phone is now known as a Personal identity. Most of the youth including students i.e. teenagers and college students consider them as a fashion accessory. Mobile phones usage in campuses has
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changed the way of our young people communicating text messaging have taught them a whole new language. It is of use to parents also. It helps them in monitoring their wards and enabling them the comfort of communicating them at any time, any where………….
1.1.1 Camera Phones
Camera Phones are the attraction of present day mobile sets. They are very helpful in taking and sharing our dear and near one’s photos, videos and so on. Photos taken by these camera phones can be shared to other mobiles using blue tooth technology or through data cables connected to a P.C.
1.1.2 Sound recorders
Sound recording facility in cell phones can be used for Recording Sounds whatever it may be. The recorded sound clips can be furtherly shared using blue tooth or by data cable.
1.1.3 Working
Mobile phones work with receiving and sending electromagnetic waves which are transmitted and received through an in built antenna inside the handset. The mobile phone operators provide signal towers which contain
powerful signal receivers and transmitters which help to operate them freely without wires.
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1.2
HISTORY OF CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY
1.2.1 First generation: Cellular networks
The main technological development that distinguished the First Generation mobile phones from the previous generation was the use of multiple cell sites, and the ability to transfer calls from one site to the next as the user travelled between cells during a conversation. The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The initial launch network covered the full metropolitan area of Tokyo's over 20 million inhabitants with a cellular network of 23 base stations. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nation-wide 1G network. Analog Motorola Dyna TAC 8000X Advanced Mobile Phone System mobile phone as of 1983 The next 1G network to launch was the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1981.[17]. NMT was the first mobile phone network featuring international roaming. The Swedish electrical engineer Osten Makitalo started work on this vision in 1966, and is considered to be the father of the NMT system, and by some the father of the cellular phone \tself.ll8Jll91 The NMT installations were based on the Ericsson AXE digital exchange nodes. Several other countries also launched 1G networks in the early 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. A two year trial started in 1981 in Baltimore and Washington DC with 150 users and 300 Motorola Dyna TAC pre[Type text] Page 6
production phones. This took place on a seven tower cellular network that covered the area. The DC area trial turned into commercial services in about 1983 with fixed cellular car phones also built by Motorola. They later added the 8000X to their Cellular offerings. A similar trial and commercial launch also took place in Chicago by Ameritech in 1983 using the famous first hand-held mobile phone Motorola DynaTAC. As mentioned above, in 1982 the FCC approved AT&T's 1971 proposal for Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the 824894 MHz band.[20] Analog AMPS was superseded by Digital AMPS in 1890. In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology (based, to a large extent, on the Gladden, Parelman Patent), which employed multiple, centrally controlled base stations (cell sites), each providing service to a small area (a cell). The cell sites would be set up such that cells partially overlapped. In a cellular system, a signal between a base station (cell site) and a terminal (phone) only need be strong enough to reach between the two, so different base stations could operate using the same frequencies with little or no interference. Vodafone made the UK's first mobile call at a few minutes past midnight on 1 January 1985.[21] The technology in these early networks was pushed to the limit to accommodate increasing usage. The base stations and the mobile phones utilized variable transmission power, which allowed range and cell size to vary. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability to reduce transmission
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power allowed new cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus more capacity. The evidence of this growth can still be seen in the many older, tall cell site towers with no antennae on the upper parts of their towers. These sites originally created large cells, and so had their antennae mounted atop high towers; the towers were designed so that as the system expanded—and cell sizes shrank—the antennae could be lowered on their original masts to reduce range.
1.2.2 Second generation: Digital networks
Two 1991GSM mobile phones with several AC adapters. In the 1990s, the 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems emerged, primarily using the GSM standard. These 2G phone systems differed from the previous generation in their use of digital transmission instead of analog transmission, and also by the introduction of advanced and fast phone-tonetwork signaling. The rise in mobile phone usage as a result of 2G was explosive and this era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) launched in Finland. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in America, though with some overlap. For example, the 900 MHz frequency range was used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe, so the 1G systems were rapidly closed down to make space for the 2G systems. In America the IS-54 standard was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing analog channels. [Type text] Page 8
Coinciding with the introduction of 2G systems was a trend away from the 'larger "brick" phones toward tiny 100-200g hand-held devices. This change was possible not only through technological improvements such as more advanced batteries and more energy-efficient electronics, but also related to the higher density of cellular sites needed because of increasing usage. The latter meant that the average distance transmission from phone to handset shortened. Both factors led to increased battery life for customers whilst on the move. Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems used in Japan around 1997-2003 The second generation introduced a new variant of communication called SMS or text messaging. It was initially available only on GSM networks but spread eventually on all digital networks. The first machine-generated SMS message was sent in the UK on 3 December 1992 followed in 1993 by the first person-to-I person SMS sent in Finland. The advent of prepaid services in the late 1990s soon made SMS the communication method of choice amongst the young, a trend which spread across all ages. 2G also introduced the ability to access media content on mobile phones. In 1998 the first downloadable content sold to a mobile phones was the ring tone, launched by Finland's Radiolinja (now Elisa). Advertising on the mobile phone first appeared in Finland when a free daily SMS news headline service was launched in 2000, sponsored by advertising. Mobile payments were trialed in 1998 in Finland and Sweden where a mobile phone was used to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine and car
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parking. Commercial launches followed in 1999 in Norway. The first commercial payment system to mimic banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart. The first full internet service on mobile phones was introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1999.
1.2.3 Third generation: High speed IP data networks
Main Feature : 3G
As the use of 2G phones became more widespread and people began to utilize mobile phones in their daily lives, it became clear that demand for data services (such as access to the internet) was growing. Furthermore, experience from fixed broadband services showed there would also be an ever increasing demand for greater data speeds. The 2G technology was nowhere near up to the job, so the industry began to work on the next generation of technology known as 3G. The main technological difference that distinguishes 3G technology from 2G technology is the use of packet switching rather than circuit switching for data transmission [22]. In addition, the standardization process focused on requirements more than technology (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate indoors, 384 kbit/s outdoors, for example). Inevitably this led to many competing standards with different contenders pushing their own technologies, and the vision of a single unified worldwide standard looked far from reality. The standard 2G CDMA networks became 3G [Type text] Page 10
compliant with the adoption of Revision A to EV-DO, which made several additions to the protocol whilst retaining backwards compatibility: * the introduction of several new forward link data rates that increase the maximum burst rate from 2.45 MWt/s to 3.1 Mbit/s. * * * protocols that would decrease connection establishment time. the ability for more than one mobile to share the same time slot. the introduction of QoS flags. All these were put in place to allow for low latency, low bit rate communications such as VolP.[23] The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on October 1, 2001, using the WCDMA technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 IxEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the USA. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further 8 commercial launches of 3G, six more on WCDMA and two more on the EV-DO standard. During the development of 3G systems, 2.5G systems such as CDMA2000 Ix and GPRS were developed as extensions to existing 2G networks. These provide some of the features of 3G without fulfilling the promised high data rates or full range of multimedia services. CDMA2000-1X delivers theoretical
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maximum data speeds of up to 307 kbit/s. Just beyond these is the EDGE system which in theory covers the requirements for 3G system, but is so narrowly above these that any practical system would be sure to fall short. The high connection speeds of 3G technology enabled a transformation in the industry: for the first time, media streaming of radio (and even television) content to 3G handsets became possible [2], with companies such as Real Networks [3] and Disney [4] among the early pioneers in this type of offering. In the mid 2000s an evolution of 3G technology begun to be implemented, namely High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit/s. Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which provides speeds of up to 42 Mbit/s downlink and 84 Mbit/s with Release 9 of the 3GPP standards. By the end of 2007 there were 295 Million subscribers on 3G networks worldwide, which reflected 9% of the total worldwide subscriber base. About two thirds of these were on the WCDMA standard and one third on the EV-DO standard. The 3G telecoms services generated over 120 Billion dollars of revenues during 2007 and at many markets the majority of new phones activated were 3G phones. In Japan and South Korea the market no longer supplies phones of the second generation. Earlier in the decade there were doubts about
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whether 3G might happen, and also whether 3G might become a commercial success. By the end of 2007 it had become clear that 3G was a reality and was clearly on the path to become a profitable venture.
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1.3
CELLULAR TELEPHONE BASICS
Cell and Sector Terminology
With cellular radio we use a simple hexagon to represent a complex object: the geographical area covered by cellular radio antennas. These areas are called cells. Using this shape let us picture the cellular idea, because on a map it only approximates the covered area.
When showing a cellular system we want to depict an area totally covered by radio, without any gaps. Any cellular system will have gaps in coverage, but the hexagonal shape lets us more neatly visualize, in theory, how the system is laid out. Notice how the circles below would leave gaps in our layout.
Notice the illustration below. The middle circles represent cell sites. This is where the base station radio equipment and their antennas are located. A cell site gives radio coverage to a cell. [Type text] Page 14
Most cells have been split into sectors or individual areas to make them more efficient and to let them to carry more calls. Antennas transmit inward to each cell. That's very important to remember. They cover a portion or a sector of each cell, not the whole thing. Antennas from other cell sites cover the other portions. The covered area, if you look closely, resembles a sort of rhomboid, as you'll see in the diagram after this one. The cell site equipment provides each sector with its own set of channels. In this example, just below, the cell site transmits and receives on three different sets of channels, one for each part or sector of the three cells it covers.
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1.4
MOBILE PHONE ON COLLEGE CAMPUS
Now a days, mobile phone is no longer the simple communicational tool
for individuals, it has become a comprehensive media with powerful functions for information communication. The epoch of mobile phone is approaching, which implies a information revolution of human with wide and deep effects- the sixth media revolution. Students are always the fashion followers and spokesman. Mobile phone, with the symbol of fashion, popularity and innovation fits in with the psychological characteristic of adolescents now a days. Now colleges have become the main market of mobile phones. As the development of 3G
technology and the decrease in price, mobile phones will irresistibly become the temptation for students on campus. Mobile phones as the symbol of development of digital technology, should play an essential role in education When we try to build up our campus culture. There is no doubt that new media technology has an innovative effect on the campus culture. Firstly, on moral education, mobile phone has created a new education mode, as well as the advanced education methods for it. In order to improve the education of today’s network era, we should make the most use of the sources from the internet. Many students use the mobile phones to convey the information which can’t be expressed face to face. This will shorten the distance between the teachers and students. Secondly, when talking about teaching management, many campuses begin to co-operate with Telecom Corporation and propagation service company to a new platform for transmitting information, so that it can fulfill the digital
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management of the information of teachers, students and parents. This platform uses sheet messages as main carried, accompanying with the phonic number for special service and computer for surfing he Internet, and it can provide a well rounded instant and high-efficient new mode for the communication between the students and management. Cell phones have been a growing issue in the campuses for some time now. Some educational firms have even banned then from being on the
campuses and others have set strict rules about the use of the device. Mobile phones with students in the class room can definitely deviate his/her attention from the Lecture to the mobile. It is better to switch off mobiles at class timings. The usage of cell phones in the class timing-whatever it may be – the teacher or student, is not a good tenancy. But mobile phones have an essential role in emergencies for girls coming from distant places for studying. Parents consider mobiles as a medium to check whether their son/daughter is safe on his/her way have after college. But the student in town does not consider mobiles as a serious instrument. They use it or sending messages and sharing videos and songs and pictures downloaded from the Internet. Indecent messages, pictures and videos getting shared through mobile phones commonly. culture. Most of the cyber crimes have a link with colleges or related to students. Cyber harassment in campuses is a very serious subject now which is on the These activities related to cybercrimes badly affect our
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increase. campuses.
Many phonographic materials spreads easily through mobiles in
Like other fields, mobile phone technologies are being used by a section for of people for criminal activities. Camera phones are used to take private photos of some body and without their permission can be further edited and changed and uploaded in Internets and other mediums. Similarly many issues related to harassment of girls by using mobile phone cameras without their permission is increased. The hidden camera incidents are common in the society.
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1.5 USES & MISUSES OF MOBILE PHONES
Mobile phones have revolutionized the lives of people in the past 15 years. The ability to communicate, compute and access content via mobile phones has redefined connectivity and communication. But high-end mobile phones have also become handy devices for criminals, anti-social elements and even terrorists. Mobile phones have their uses and misuses.
1.5.1 Uses
1. The ability to communicate wirelessly and across borders is one of the biggest uses of mobile phones. Mobile phones have emerged as the primary communication devices for millions of rural, remote and underdeveloped areas in developing countries where it is difficult to build extensive fixed-line and other wired phone infrastructures. Mobile phones can be used in many emergency situations and exigencies to gain valuable and timely help.
Multiple Functions
Latest generation mobile phones can be used to access email, listen to music, bank and shop online, store photos and songs, play games.
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Enterprise Usage
Advanced mobile phones or smart phones allow frequent travelers, mobile professionals and other corporate users to access enterprise applications and programs, view and access documents and work anywhere, anytime.
1.5.2 Misuses
Cameras loaded on most mobile phones can be used to take pictures of women and unsuspecting children; these photos are then generally morphed, manipulated and circulated on the Internet. Texting can also be used to abuse or stalk people.
Criminal and Illicit Activities
Mobile phones have been known to be used by unscrupulous elements, thieves and criminals to carry out a number of criminal schemes, scamming programs and other illicit activities.
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CHAPTER-2 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY
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Rationale of the Study
We live in a world of technology and it's going to keep growing at a rapid pace, all teenagers are curious. Once you have gotten over the argument of bill payment your teen will be fine, they may overindulge on the first bill or two but by confiscating the cell phone for a day or two will soon teach them the importance of money management. You will always know where they are and from the sound of their voice on the other end of the phone your mind will be put at ease. Main reasons parents offer teens cell phones Knowing that your son or daughter is safe and sound is priceless. If ever they need your help you are only a phone call away. With many late teens driving cell phones are a necessity, let's face it most cannot even change a puncture. Please remember if you allow your teen a cell phone in the car, make sure you or they purchase a hands free kit or earpiece. Teens have so many things to talk about and can get so wrapped up in conversation that the driving aspect takes a backseat. For a few more money play safe. Camera cell phones are more popular with teens for the obvious reasons. It's easy to use and fool around with and let's face it they are harmless fun. There is a downside to having the camera phone and that's the ongoing cost. If the phone is prepaid it's simply, you can only text friends photo's when you have the credit but if the phone is linked to monthly bill payments camera phones are by far the more expensive to operate. If your teen insists on sending SMS via the camera phone, why not encourage them to do so through email. Simply connect the [Type text] Page 22
phone to the PC via a usb cable (normally supplied with the phone), upload the photo's and with broadband in most area's email is much cheaper. From the study with the M.G College TVM I understood that The basic requirement for a normal human in India is redefined – food, clothing, shelter and cell phone.
Cell phones have become a mainstream product in today’s world and have a huge impact on today’s world. With youth population constituting half of the population, India has become a fine breeding ground for highest cell connections.
When mobile phones hit the high street over 10 years ago, not only did it give us the ability to communicate with friends, family and colleagues anytime and anywhere, but along the way it has also changed our social behavior and has made a huge cultural impact.
It is the easiest way to stay connected with family and friends and also provides security, like updating our parents where we are if it gets late to go home. It helps to socialize, creates a sense of belonging to peer group and easy access to media and environment. Apart from its regular use, cell phones express individual identities. Right from the model we buy till the ring tone and wallpaper set, every minute detail is noted. Mobile phones have also become a secret diary for teenagers.
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New technologies offer a culture of information, pleasure and relative autonomy, all of which are of particular appeal to society's youth. This has implications not only for young people themselves but also for their relationships within the family and between generations. The advent of globalisation has meant, for many young people, the sphere of experience has become global and local at once. Young people are often among the first to take advantage of their introduction. Subsequently, the challenge is to give culturally valid meaning to the use of new technologies.
Scope of the study
In this fast moving world mobile phones and usage is an unavoidable part of life. Each and every day the technology is updating. Now we have the world is in our finger tips. Here we like to focus more on the scope, by this we can know about the students approach towards the mobile gaming and how much it influence their life and also helps to identify what type of games which they are really interested. This type of survey's help the company's to identify what the customers are expecting. The usage will vary from one person to another so it's clearly being identified by using this type of studies. The study is mainly focused on the usage of mobile games by the college students. This help the companies to implement the customer needs and the same time they can know about to what extend the customers are satisfied with their products and services.
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Objectives of the study
To understand the behavior of students regarding usage of mobile phones and playing games using mobile phones. To know about the use and misuse of mobile inside the campus.
Methodology
Research Design: Descriptive research
Sample Size: Two hundred and fifty students taken from various departments of M.G College ,TVM ,and 35 students for questionnaire Sample Design: Data Collection: Convenience Personal sampling interview ,questioners and internet.
Tools and techniques used: Descriptive Statistics
Limitations of the study
This study suffers some limitations too. The study was limited to M.G College of Science only, and so the interpretation of the study may not be taken on the basis for other colleges. There was some weak response from the part of the respondents. The time period of the study was also limited.
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CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
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Mobile or cell phones are all the rage on most college campuses. Because cell phone technology has now gone beyond placing a simple call, college students, instructors and staff can use their phones to keep up with assignments and class schedules, communicate with friends and colleagues, and become aware of campus alerts and warnings. But while there are many benefits of using a cell phone on a college campus, the disruptive nature of a cell phone can make using the device somewhat difficult.
3.1 General characteristics by the Questionnaire analysis
General Characteristics is by the Questionnaire analysis, by means of selfadministered one-page questionnaire. Everybody sitting in cafeterias and campus outdoors were given the questionnaires after short explanation about the survey. Every student accepted to fill up the questionnaire and handed back the questionnaire. after completing it. However, small number of respondents did not provide answer to one or two questions.
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1) Own a mobile phone
Age Group No: of Response 18-20 21-23 24-26 Total Percentage 10 15 10 35 Response 28.57 42.8 28.57 100 Yes Yes Yes
Feedback: From this survey all own mobile phone. Cone diagram based on age of respondents
100 80 60 40 20 0
Age Group No: of Percentage Response 42.8 42.8 14.2 100 Yes Yes Yes
Response 18-20 15 21-23 15 5 1) 24-26 to operate a mobile phone How Total 35
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Feed back: all students know how to operate mobile phones Column diagram based on age of respondents
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
2) Type of mobile phone
Percentag Age Group 18-20 21-23 24-26 Total No: of Response 5 14 16 35 e 14.2 40 45.7 100 Response Without camera Camera Camera
Feedback: Only 14.2% of students are using the mobile
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phone without camera.
Column diagram based on age of respondents
250 200 150 100 50 0
3) Misuse of mobile phone inside campus.
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
10 15 15 35
28.57 42.8 42.8 100
No No No
Feedback: Surprisingly all are saying that they are not misusing mobile phones on the campus
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Colum diagram based on age of respondents
100
50
0
13 2 -2
4) Better Opinion
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
15 10 10 35
p u o r e g A
l a o t
42.8 28.5 28.5 100
Mobile Phone Mobile Phone Mobile Phone
Feedback: There is no wonder that all are saying mobile is better
100 80
Colum60digram of based on age of respondents
40 20 0
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5) Mobiles should be banned from college campus
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
8 19 19 35
22.8 54.2 54.2 100
No No No
Feed back: No one can think about that mobile bann or banned from colleges
Colum diagram of based on age of respondents
100 80 60 40 20
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0
6) Kind of mobile connection
Age Group
No: of Response
Percentage
Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
16 14 5 35
45.7 40
Prepaid Prepaid Prepaid
14 100
Feed back: All are using Prepaid Connection
Colum diagram of based on age of respondents
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100 50 0
13 2 -2
7) Use of mobile phone
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
p u o r e g A
l a o t
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
20 11 4 35
57 31 11 100
Calling, Messaging and gaming Calling, Messaging and gaming Calling& Messaging
Feed Back :- 88% using their Mobile phone for Calling , Messaging and Gaming only 11% is using mobile for Calling and Messaging Cylinder Diagram based on age of respondents 120
100 80 60 40 20 0 Age group 140
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21 -23
total
8) Use of internet through mobile phone
Age Group No: of Response Percentage Response
18-20 21-23 24-26 Total
8 19 8 35
22 54 22 100
Yes Yes No
Feed Back: From the questionnaire analysis 76% of college students in M.G College are using Internet through their Mobile phones. That shows that their mobile phone is in high technology version too. And only 22% is using normal Mobile Phone.
Pie Diagram based on age of respondents
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9) When you get an indecent picture or videos
Feed Back: AllAge Group of the students in Response wants to No: of M.G College Percentagedelete 18-20 25 71 indecent pictures 21-23 or videos if they receive it 3 8 24-26 7 20 Total 35 100
Response
Delete it Delete it Delete it
Cylinder Diagram on age of respondents
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Age group 21 -23 total
3.2 Institutionalization and it effects
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Mahatma Gandhi College owes its origin to Sri. Mannathu Padmanabhan, the illustrious founder of Nair Service Society.
The College started functioning at Vadassery Amma Veedu at Perumthanni in 1948 and was later shifted to the present site at Kattachakkonam, now known as Kesavadasapuram. Late Sri. C. Rajagopalachari, the last Governor General of India, laid the foundation stone for the new building on August 22, 1948. The Arts section was shifted to this building in 1949, and the Science section the in 1950. The main building was completed in 1958 and was inaugurated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, on April 24, 1958. The college celebrated its Silver Jubilee during 1974-75. The foundation stone of the threestoreyed Mannam Memorial Block was laid by Sri. P.K. Narayana Panikker, General Secretary of the NSS on April 23, 1989. The Block was inaugurated by Dr. Saroop Singh, the then Governor of Kerala, on October 2, the Gandhi Jayanthi Day 1990. [Type text] Page 37
With about 4,000 students, 12 Degree and eight PG courses, Mahatma Gandhi College is at present the prime collegiate institution of the NSS. Besides providing research facilites in various disciplines and internet connection in the library, the college has recently started the Instrumentation Course attached to its Department of Physics.
With several of its former students winning laurels in different spheres, and a dedicated crew of teaching and managerial staff to spur it on, the college is a centre of excellence in the capital.
Location:The M.G College campus is situated in the heart of Thiruvananthapuram city at a walking distance from Kesavadasapuram junction. This makes M.G College one of the easiest accessible colleges in the State. It is around 3 km awayfrom Trivandrum Cyber police station, Pattom. The nearest bus station is in front of the M.G College bus stand which is only half 100metres away from student’s class rooms As per the Government have given specific instructions to restrict the use of mobile phones and prohibit fashion shows and vulgar dances in the campuses.
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Accordingly institutional level Ethics committee has been constituted with the Principal as Chair person. In compliance with the order of Hon'ble High Court of Kerala and the instructions issued by the Government a surprise inspection squad is also constituted in the institution to ensure the compliance of instructions issued. The squad is empowered to conduct surprise inspections in the campus and would furnish reports to the principal and Ethics Committee for further necessary action. As per the instructions given by the Government, the Ethics committee will forward monthly reports to the District level committee that chaired by the District Collector. The State level committee with Hon'ble Minister for Education as chair person will review the reports bimonthly and issue necessary orders. In these circumstances, all are directed not to bring Mobile phones with camera or ordinary phone in switch on position to the campus. No excuses will be entertained. Also, the use and possession of mobile phones, pagers, programmable calculators, digital diaries and any other transmitting electronic devices are not to be allowed inside the M.G .College campus. Any violation of this stipulation will be treated as malpractice. M.G College Principle said that now a days mobile phone misuse ruining family lives and students psychological factors. He has also said that instances of
mobile phones becoming an instrument for erosion of fidelity among couples and cheating women are on the rise in the State. Talking to me during the period my project , he said mobile phones had become instrumental in ruining several family lives. Many of the women who were victims of mobile phone misuse were [Type text] Page 39
educated. So he wanted give an awareness campaign against the misuse of mobile phones to the college students of M.G College and to prevent his
students from falling prey to strangers' advances through the mobile phone.
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CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS , SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
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4.1 Findings and discussions
The following are the insights from the study
. Among the 57.5% of the respondents were male and 42.5% were female.
. We infer that 7.5% use post paid connection and 92.5% use prepaid connection.
. We infer that among the service providers Airtel is preferred the most i.e. 72.5%,Vodaphone 25% and Aircel 2.5%.
. We infer that majority of the respondents are satisfied with their service provider , i.e. 80% and the rest 20% are not satisfied.
. We infer that among response Nokia is preferred the most, i.e. 55%, 38% prefer Sony Ericsson, 5% prefer Motorola and 2% prefer Samsung.
. We infer that majority of the respondents use mobile phones for making calls and SMS , i.e. 35%, making calls alone 15%, SMS alone 25%.None prefer to use mobile phones for only games.
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. We infer that majority of the respondents i.e. 42.5% consider keypad problem
as a disturbance while playing games, 17.5% consider low RAM as a disturbance and 12.5% pointed out other problems.
. We infer that 60% of the respondents spend time to play games for more than half an hour, 25% plays games from half an hour to one hour, 12.5% play more than one hour and 2.5% play more than two hour.
. We infer that among the games played respondents prefer Snake 5%, board
games 2.5%, golf 2.5%, Tetras 2.5% and other games 82.5%.None likes to play Tennis.
. We infer that 20% respondents prefer strategic games to be seen in their [Type text] Page 43
mobiles, 30% prefer sports, 15% prefer puzzles, 20% prefer racing, and 5% prefer inbuilt games, rest did not respond.
. We infer that among the games played respondents prefer Snake 5%, board
games 2.5%, golf 2.5%, Tetras 2.5% and other games 82.5%.None likes to play Tennis.
. We infer that 20% respondents prefer strategic games to be seen in their mobiles, 30% prefer sports, 15% prefer puzzles, 20% prefer racing, and 5% prefer inbuilt games, rest did not respond.
. We infer that majority of the respondents prefer inbuilt games i.e. 50%, download games 30%,both 15% and 5% did not respond.
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. We infer that 45% of the respondents are willing to spent <10000/- for mobiles having their preferred games, 22.5% are willing to pay >10000/- and 15% are willing to pay > 15000/-.
4.2 Suggestions
The mobile phone usage in classrooms inside campus should be in a controlled manner. It should be switched off during class timings. [Type text] Page 45
Camera mobile phones should be restricted in campus. In should be restricted from labs and libraries. Institutions management should check the above things and correctly obeyed by the students.
4.3 Conclusion
The outcome of the survey has helped us in identifying the interest of students towards mobile phone games. The usage of mobile phone among the students have been increased to a great extend. Mobile phones are not considered as a device for communication alone but it is considered as a media for entertainment.
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I come to know that now a day's most of the mobile phone users prefer games in their mobiles. And they are willing to spend some of their time in playing games to relieve from stress. It could also be used to trace out the various kinds of games in which they would prefer to be seen in their phones. Most of them like to have Racing games in their mobile phones. So the Mobile Companies can bring in more racing type of games rather than other games in mobiles. Customers are also uncomfortable playing games using keypads and they prefer joysticks for playing games. Most of the mobile users feel that their mobiles life is reduced due to playing games. It is strongly recommended to the mobile manufacturers to produce quality mobiles for gaming purposes
ANNEXURE INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
TOPIC: USE OF MOBILE PHONES IN CAMPUS
Name Class
: ……………………… : ……………………....
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College: ………………………. 1) Do you own a mobile phone? Yes No
2) Do you know how to operate a mobile phone? Yes No
3) What type of mobile phone you have? With Camera without Camera
4) Do you think mobile phones are misusing inside campus? Yes No
5) What is better, in your opinion? Land Phones Mobile Phones
6) Do you favour mobiles should be banned from college campus? Yes No
7) What kind of mobile connection you own? Post paid Pre paid
8) For what activity you use mobile phone? [Type text] Page 48
Calling
Messaging
Gaming
9) Do you use internet through mobile phone? Yes No
10) What will you do when you get an indecent picture or videos? Share with friends Complaint to police Delete it
REFERENCE
Methodology
of
research
in
Use
of
Mobile
phones:
M.G
Princiciple
Mr.Raveendran Nair Research Methodology: C.R Kothari
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