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Hindu astrology
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Hindu astrology (also known as Indian astrology, more recently Vedic astrology Kannada:
ವವವದ ಜವಜಜವತ ಶಶಸಸ ), also Jyotish or Jyotisha, from Sanskrit jyotiṣ ṣa, from jyótiṣ- "light,
heavenly body") is the ancient Indian system of astronomy and astrology. It has three
branches (triskandham jyautis ṣam horā ganitam samhiteti ca BPHS 1.2):


Siddhanta: Indian astronomy.



Samhita: Mundane astrology, predicting important events related to countries such as
war, earthquakes, political events, financial positions, electional astrology, house and
construction related matters (Vāstu Shāstra), animals, portents, omens, and so on.



Hora: Predictive astrology in detail.

The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas, (scriptures), which is
the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm. Practice relies primarily on the
sidereal zodiac, which is different from the tropical zodiac used in Western (Hellenistic)
astrology in that an ayanamṣa adjustment is made for the gradual precession of the vernal
equinox. Astrology remains an important facet in the lives of many Hindus. In Hindu culture,
newborns are traditionally named based on their jyotish charts, and astrological concepts are
pervasive in the organization of the calendar and holidays as well as in many areas of life,
such as in making decisions made about marriage, opening a new business, and moving into a
new home. Astrology retains a position among the sciences in modern India.[1] Following a
judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in 2001, some Indian universities offer
advanced degrees in astrology.[2]

Contents
[hide]


1 English name



2 History



3 Elements
3.1 Vargas

o


3.1.1 Chart styles

o

3.2 Grahas – the planets

o

3.3 Rāśi – the zodiac signs

o

3.4 Bhāvas – the houses

o

3.5 Nakshatras

o

3.6 Daśā-s – the planetary periods

o

3.7 Drishtis – the planetary aspects

o

3.8 Gocharas – the transits

o

3.9 Yogas – the planetary combinations

o

3.10 Dig bala – the directional strength



4 Horoscopy
o

4.1 Lagna – the ascendant

o

4.2 Atmakaraka – the soul significator

o

4.3 Gandanta – the karmic knot

o

4.4 Ayanamsa – the zodiac conversion

o

4.5 Moudhya – the combustion

o

4.6 Saade saati – the critical transit



5 Panchangam



6 In modern India
o

6.1 Status of astrology in modern India



7 See also



8 Notes



9 References



10 Bibliography



11 External links

[edit] English name
Hindu aṣtrology had been in use as the English equivalent of Jyotiṣha since the early 19th
century. Vedic aṣtrology is a relatively recent term, entering common usage in the 1980s with
self-help publications on Ayurveda or Yoga. The qualifier "Vedic" is however a something of
a misnomer,[3][4][5] as there is no mention of Jyotiṣha in the Vedas, however, Varaaha Mihira
clearly stated that he is aggregating from the books written by his ancestors like Paraashara.
Considering that Paraashara Samhitha is well known book of astrology and that Paraashara is
father of the Krishna Dhvypaayan, alias Vedha Vyaasa, it can be inferred that the roots of
Indian astrology existed prior to the Mahabhaaratha war which was recorded to have
happened 5113 year ago; but still there are some counter arguments from a certain section of

historians that there is no mention of Jyotiṣha in the Vedas, and historical documentation
suggests horoscopic astrology in the Indian subcontinent was a Hellenic influence post-dating
the Vedic period.[6]

[edit] History
Further information: Indian aṣtronomy and Hindu chronology
The term jyotiṣ ṣa in the sense of one of the Vedanga, the six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic
religion, is used in the Mundaka Upanishad and thus likely dates to Mauryan times. The
Vedanga Jyotiṣha redacted by Lagadha dates to the Mauryan period, with rules for tracking
the motions of the sun and the moon.
The documented history of Hindu astrology begins with the interaction of Indian and
Hellenistic cultures in the Indo-Greek period. The oldest surviving treatises, such as the
Yavanajataka or the Brihat-Samhita, date to the early centuries CE. The Yavanajataka
("Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavanesvara during the
2nd century CE, under the patronage of the Western Satrap Saka king Rudradaman I, and is
considered the first Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit language.[7]
The first named authors writing treatises on astronomy are from the 5th century CE, the date
when the classical period of Indian astronomy can be said to begin. Besides the theories of
Aryabhata in the Aryabhatiya and the lost Arya-ṣiddhānta, there is the Pancha-Siddhāntika of
Varahamihira.
The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval
compilations, notably the Brhat
ṛ Parāśara Horāśāstra, and Sārāvalī by Kalyān ṣavarman. The
Horaṣhaṣtra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1–51) dates
to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52–71) to the later 8th century.
The Sārāvalī likewise dates to around 800 CE.[8] English translations of these texts were
published by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively.
Historically, the study of astrology in India was an important factor in the development of
astronomy in the Early Middle Ages. Ganaka is a caste in Kerala, India famous for doing
traditional Hindu or vedic astrology as their traditional career.

[edit] Elements
[edit] Vargas
Main article: Varga (aṣtrology)
There are sixteen varga (Sanskrit: varga, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu
astrology:[9]
Varga
Rasi
Hora
Drekkana

Divisor Chart
1
D-1 Natal chart
2
D-2 Overall wealth
3
D-3 Siblings

Purpose

Chaturtamsha
4
Trimshamsha
5
Saptamsha
7
Navamsha
9
Dashamsha
10
Dwadashamsha 12
Shodhashamsha 16
Vimshamsha
20
Chaturvimsha
24
Saptavimshamsha 27
Khavedamsha
40
Akshavedamsha 45
Shastiamsha

60

D-4
D-5
D-7
D-9
D-10
D-12
D-16
D-20
D-24
D-27
D-40

Properties
Morals, ethics, spiritual values
Children
Spouse, Etc.
Earning Career
Parents, Grandparents
Vehicles
Upasana-s, Sādhana-s
Education (higher)
Vitality
Quality of life
(From here on out,the birth time must be absolutely precise
D-45
or the divisional chart is incorrect!!)
D-60 Used to differentiate between twins, etc., etc.

[edit] Chart styles
There are three chart styles used in Jyotis ṣa, which are depicted below:

North Indian

South Indian

Eastern Indian

Legend: Ra - Rahu, Sa - Saturn, Ve - Venuṣ, Su -Sun, Ma - Marṣ, Me - Mercury, Aṣ - Lagna,
Mo - Moon, Ke - Kethu, Ju - Jupiter. The third style of chart is available here.

[edit] Grahas – the planets
Main article: Navagraha
Graha (Devanagari: गग
गग, Sanskrit: graha, 'ṣeizing, laying hold of, holding'.)[10]
Nine grahas, or navagrahas, are used:[11]
Sanskrit Name

English Name

Abbreviation

Gender

Guna

Surya (गगगग
ग)
Chandra (गग
गग)
Mangala (गग
गग)
Budha (गग
ग)
Brihaspati (गग
गगग
गगग)
Shukra (गगगग
ग)
Shani (गगग)
Rahu (गगगग
)
Ketu (गगगग
)

Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn
North Lunar Node
South Lunar Node

Sy or Su
Ch or Mo
Ma
Bu or Me
Gu or Ju
Sk or Ve
Sa
Ra
Ke

M
F
M
N
M
F
M
M
M

Sattva
Sattva
Tamas
Rajas
Sattva
Rajas
Tamas
Tamas
Tamas

Planets in maximum exaltation, mooltrikona (own sign), and debilitation, are:[12]
Graha
Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn

Exaltation
10° Aries
3° Taurus
28° Capricorn
15° Virgo
5° Cancer
27° Pisces
20° Libra

Mooltrikona
4°-20° Leo
4°-20° Cancer
0°-12° Aries
16°-20° Virgo
0°-10° Sagittarius
0°-15° Libra
0°-20° Aquarius

Debilitation
10° Libra
3° Scorpio
28° Cancer
15° Pisces
5° Capricorn
27° Virgo
20° Aries

Sign Rulership
Leo
Cancer
Aries, Scorpio
Gemini, Virgo
Sagittarius, Pisces
Taurus, Libra
Capricorn, Aquarius

Rahu and Ketu are exalted in Taurus/Scorpio and are also exalted in Gemini and Virgo.
The natural planetary relationships are:[13]
Graha
Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn
Rahu, Ketu

Friends
Moon, Mars, Jupiter
Sun, Mercury
Sun, Moon, Jupiter
Sun, Venus
Sun, Moon, Mars
Mercury, Saturn
Venus, Mercury
Mercury, Venus, Saturn

Neutral

Enemies
Mercury
Venus, Saturn
Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn Mercury, Venus, Saturn
Venus,Saturn
Mercury
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
Moon
Saturn
Mercury, Venus
Mars, Jupiter
Sun, Moon
Jupiter
Sun, Moon, Mars
Mars
Sun, Moon, Jupiter

[edit] Rāśi – the zodiac signs
The sidereal zodiac is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees (like the tropical zodiac), divided into
12 equal parts. Each twelfth part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or rāśi (Sanskrit: rāśi, 'part').
Jyotis ṣa and Western zodiacs differ in the method of measurement. While synchronically, the
two systems are identical, Jyotis ṣa uses primarily the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are
considered to be the fixed background against which the motion of the planets is measured),
whereas most Western astrology uses the tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is
measured against the position of the Sun on the Spring equinox). This difference becomes

noticeable over time. After two millennia, as a result of the precession of the equinoxes, the
origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 22 degrees. As a result the placement of
planets in the Jyotis ṣa system is consistent with the actual zodiac, while in western astrology
the planets fall into the following sign, as compared to their placement in the sidereal zodiac,
about two thirds of the time.
Number Sanskrit Name Western/Greek Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Tattva
(Element)

Quality

Ruling
Planet

Meṣaṣ (गग
ग ) "ram" Aries (Κριός "ram")

Tejas (Fire)

Cara
(Movable)

Vrṣṣ ṣabha (गग
ग ग)
"bull"
Mithuna (गगगग
ग)
"twins"
Karkataṣ (ग गग
गग)
"crab"
Simṣha (गगग
ग)
"lion"
Kanyā (गगग
गग)
"girl"
Tulā (गग
गग)
"balance"
Vrścika
(गगगग
गगग)
ṣ
"scorpion"
Dhanuṣ (गगग
ग)
"bow"
Makara (गगग)
"sea-monster"
Kumbha (गग
गग )
"pitcher"
Mīna (गगग)
"fish"

Prithivi
(Earth)

Sthira (Fixed) Venus

Taurus (Ταῦρος "bull")
Gemini (Δίδυμοι
"twins")
Cancer (Καρκίνος
"crab")

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Cara
Jala (Water)
(Movable)
Vayu (Air)

Mars

Mercury
Moon

Leo (Λέων "lion")

Tejas (Fire) Sthira (Fixed) Sun

Virgo (Παρθένος
"virgin")

Prithivi
(Earth)

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Cara
(Movable)

Libra (Ζυγός "balance") Vayu (Air)
Scorpio (Σκoρπιός
"scorpion")
Sagittarius (Τοξότης
"archer")
Capricorn (Αἰγόκερως
"goat-horned")
Aquarius (Ὑδροχόος
"water-pourer")
Pisces (Ἰχθεῖς "fish")

Mercury
Venus

Jala (Water) Sthira (Fixed) Mars

Prithivi
(Earth)

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Cara
(Movable)

Vayu (Air)

Sthira (Fixed) Saturn

Jala (Water)

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)

Tejas (Fire)

The zodiac signs in Hindu astrology correspond to parts of the body:[14]
Sign

Part of Body

Mes aṣ (Aries)

head

Vr ṣs aṣ bha (Taurus)

mouth

Mithuna (Gemini)

arms

Karka (Cancer)

two sides

Simṣha (Leo)

heart

Kanyā (Virgo)

digestive system

Tula (Libra)

umbilical area

Vr ṣścika (Scorpio)

generative organs

Jupiter
Saturn

Jupiter

Dhanus (Sagittarius)

thighs

Makara (Capricorn)

knees

Kumbha (Aquarius)

Lower part of legs

Mīna (Pisces)

feet

[edit] Bhāvas – the houses
Main article: Bhāva
Bhāva (Sanskrit: bhāva, 'division'.) In Hindu astrology, the natal chart is the bhava chakra
(Sanskrit: chakra, 'wheel'.) The bhava chakra is the complete 360° circle of life, divided into
houses, and represents our way of enacting the influences in the wheel. Each house has
associated karaka (Sanskrit: karaka, 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a
particular house.[15]
Hous
e

Name

Karakas

Meanings

1

Lagna

Sun

outer personality, physique, health/well-being, hair,
appearance

2

Dhana

Jupiter, Mercury,
Venus, Sun, Moon

wealth, family relationships, eating habits, speech,
eyesight, death

3

Sahaja

Mars

natural state, innate temperament, courage, valor,
virility, younger siblings

4

Sukha

Moon

inner life, emotions, home, property, education,
mother

5

Putra

Jupiter

creativity, children, spiritual practices, punya

6

Ari

Mars, Saturn

acute illness, injury, openly known enemies,
litigation, daily work, foreigners, service

7

Yuvati

Venus, Jupiter

business and personal relationships, marriage,
spouse, war, fighting

8

Randhar
Saturn
a

length of life, physical death, moks ṣa, chronic
illness, deep and ancient traditions

9

Dharma Jupiter, Sun

luck, fortune, spirituality, dharma, guru, father

10

Karma

Mercury, Jupiter,
Sun, Saturn

dream fulfillment, knees and spine, current karmas,
career, sky themes (being 12am/mid heavens

11

Labha

Jupiter

gains, profits from work, ability to earn money,
social contexts and organizations

12

Vyaya

Saturn

loss, intuition, imprisonment, foreign travel,
moksha

[edit] Nakshatras

Main article: Nakṣhatra
A nakshatra or lunar mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent
star(s) in them, used in Hindu astrology.[16]
Historical (medieval) Hindu astrology had various systems of enumerating either 27 or 28
nakshatras. Today, popular usage[clarification needed] favours a rigid system of 27 nakshatras
covering 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each nakshatra is divided into quarters or padaṣ of
3°20’:
#
Name
गगगग)
1 Ashvinī (ग गग
2 Bharanī (गगगग)
गगगग)
3 Krittikā (गगगग
4 Rohini (गगगगगग)
5

Mrigashīrsha
(गग
गगगग गग
गग
)

गग
गग
)
6 Ārdrā (ग गग
गगग
गगग
)
7 Punarvasu (गग
गग
ग)
8 Pushya (गग
गग)
9 Āshleshā (ग गगगग

Location
0 – 13°20' Aries
13°20' – 26°40'
Aries
26°40' Aries –
10°00' Taurus
10°00' – 23°20'
Taurus
23°20' Taurus –
6°40' Gemini
6°40' – 20°00'
Gemini
20°00' Gemini –
3°20' Cancer
3°20' – 16°20'
Cancer
16°40' Cancer –
0°00' Leo
0°00' – 13°20' Leo

Ruler Pada 1 Pada 2 Pada 3 Pada 4
गगChu गगChe गग Cho गग La
Ketu
Venus

गग Li

गगLu

गगLe

गगLo

Sun

ग A

गI

गU

गE

Moon

ग O

Mars
Rahu

गग
गगVi/Bi गगVu/Bu
Va/Ba
गग
गग
गग Ka गग Ke
Ve/Be Vo/Bo
गगKu

ग Gha ग Ng/Na ग Chha

Jupiter गगKe

गग Ko गगHa

गगHi

Saturn गगHu

गगHe

गगHo

ग Da

MercuryगगDi

गगDu

गगDe

गगDo

गग Mi गगMu

गगMe

गगTa

गगTi

गगTu

गगTo

गगPa

गगPi

गग Ma
10 Maghā (गगग)
Ketu
Pūrva or Pūrva Phalgunī
11
13°20' – 26°40' Leo Venus गगMo
(गग
गगगगगगग
गगग)
Uttara or Uttara
26°40' Leo – 10°00'
गग
गगTe
12 Phalgunī (गगग
Sun
Virgo
गगगग
गगग)
10°00' – 23°20'
ग)
13 Hasta (गगग
Moon गगPu
Virgo
23°20' Virgo – 6°40'
गग)
14 Chitrā (गगगग
Mars गगPe
Libra
गगगग)
15 Svātī (गग
6°40' – 20°00 Libra Rahu गगRu
20°00' Libra – 3°20'
16 Vishākhā (गगगगगग)
Jupiter गगTi
Scorpio
3°20' – 16°40'
गगगग)
17 Anurādhā (ग गग
Saturn गगNa
Scorpio
16°40' Scorpio –
गगगग)
ग
18 Jyeshtha (गग
MercuryगगNo
0°00' Sagittarius
0°00' – 13°20'
गगYe
19 Mūla (गगग )
Ketu
Sagittarius
Pūrva Ashādhā
13°20' – 26°40'
20
Venus गगBhu
(गगगग
गग
गगगग
ग)
Sagittarius
21 Uttara Ashādhā
26°40' Sagittarius – Sun
गगBhe

ग Sha ग Na

ग Tha

गगPo

गगRa

गगRi

गगRe

गगRo

गगTa

गगTu

गगTe

गगTo

गगNi

गगNu

गगNe

गग Ya गग Yi

गगYu

गग Yo गग Bha

गग Bhi

गग
गगDha
Bha/Pha
गग Bho गग Ja
गग Ji
गग Dha

(गगग
गगगगगगग
ग)

10°00' Capricorn
10°00' – 23°20'
गगग)
22 Shravana (गग
Capricorn
Shravishthā (गगगगग
गग) or 23°20' Capricorn –
23
6°40' Aquarius
Dhanistā
Shatabhishā
6°40' – 20°00'
24
(ग गगगगग)or Shatataraka Aquarius
Pūrva Bhādrapadā
20°00' Aquarius –
25
(गग
गगग
गगगग
गगगग)
3°20' Pisces
Uttara Bhādrapadā
3°20' – 16°40'
26
(गगग
गगगगगग
गगगग)
Pisces
16°40' – 30°00'
गगग)
27 Revatī (गग
Pisces

Moon

गग
गग
गग
गगJo/Khe
Ju/Khi Je/Khu
Gha/Kho

Mars

गग Ga गग Gi

गगGu

गगGe

Rahu

गग Go गग Sa

गग Si

गगSu

Jupiter गगSe

गग So गगDa

गगDi

Saturn गगDu

ग Tha ग Jha

ग Da/Tra

MercuryगगDe

गगDo ग Cha

गग Chi

[edit] Daśā-s – the planetary periods
Main article: Daṣha (aṣtrology)
Dasha (Devanagari: गगग, Sanskrit,daśā, 'planetary period'.) The dasha system shows which
planets will be ruling at particular times in Hindu astrology. There are several dasha systems;
however, the primary system used by astrologers is the Vimshottari dasha system. The first
maha dasha is determined by the position of the natal Moon. Each maha dasha is divided into
subperiods called bhuktiṣ. Vimshottari dasha lengths are:[17]
Maha Dasha Length

Bhuktis

Ketu

7 Years

Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury

Venus

20 Years Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu

Sun

6 Years

Moon

10 Years Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun

Mars

7 Years

Rahu

18 Years Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars

Jupiter

16 Years Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu

Saturn

19 Years Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter

Mercury

17 Years Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn

Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus
Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon

[edit] Drishtis – the planetary aspects
Drishti (Sanskrit: driṣhti, 'sight'.) In Hindu astrology, the aspect is to an entire sign, and
grahas only cast forward aspects:[18]
Graha

Houses

Sun

7th

Moon

7th

Mercury

7th

Venus

7th

Mars

4th, 7th, 8th

Jupiter

5th, 7th, 9th

Saturn

3rd, 7th, 10th

Rahu

5th, 7th, 9th

Ketu

5th, 7th, 9th

[edit] Gocharas – the transits
Gochara (Sanskrit: gochara, 'transit'.) In Hindu astrology, a natal chart shows the actual
positions of the grahas at the moment of birth. Since that moment, the grahas have continued
to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This period of interaction
is called gochara.[19]

[edit] Yogas – the planetary combinations
Yoga (Sanskrit: yoga, 'union'.) In Hindu astrology, yogas are planetary combinations placed
in specific relationships to each other.[20]
Kalasarpa Yoga is a dangerous yoga. If all planets (excepting Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) are 1side of Rahu & Ketu, it becomes Kala-Sarpa Yoga.

[edit] Dig bala – the directional strength
Dig bala (Sanskrit: dig bala, 'directional strength'.) Graha-s gain strength when they are
placed in specific cardinal houses:[21]
House

Grahas

Direction

1st

Jupiter, Mercury

East

4th

Venus, Moon

North

7th

Saturn

West

10th

Sun, Mars

South

[edit] Horoscopy
[edit] Lagna – the ascendant
Main article: Lagna
Lagna (Sanskrit: lagna, 'ascendant'.) Lagna is the first moment of contact between the soul
and its new life on earth in Hindu astrology.[22]

[edit] Atmakaraka – the soul significator
Main article: Atmakaraka
Atmakaraka (Sanskrit: atmakaraka, from atma, 'soul', and karaka, 'significator' .)
Atmakaraka is the significator of the soul's desire in Hindu astrology.[23]

[edit] Gandanta – the karmic knot
Main article: Gandanta
Gandanta (Sanskrit: gandanta, from gand, 'knot', and anta, 'end'.) Gandanta is a spiritual or
karmic knot in Hindu astrology. Gandanta describes the junction points in the natal chart
where the solar and lunar zodiacs meet, and are directly associated with times of soul growth.
[24]

[edit] Ayanamsa – the zodiac conversion
Main article: Ayanamṣa
Ayanamsa (Sanskrit: ayanāmṣṣa, from ayana, 'movement', and amṣṣa, 'component') is the
longitudinal difference between the Tropical (Sayana) and Sidereal (Nirayana) zodiacs.[25]

[edit] Moudhya – the combustion
Moudhya (Sanskrit: moudhya, 'combustion') is a planet that is in conjunction with the Sun.
The degrees the planets are considered combust are:[26]
Graha

Degree

Moon

12

Mercury

13

Venus

9

Mars

17

Jupiter

11

Saturn

15

[edit] Saade saati – the critical transit
Saade saati, the transit of Saturn over the natal Moon, is the most important transit in a birth
chart and takes approximately 7.5 years to complete. The transit begins when Saturn enters
the house before the Moon, and ends when Saturn departs the house after the Moon. The
most intense phase is when Saturn is 2–3° on either side of the Moon. The beginning of the
transit will give an indication of the issues to be addressed. Saade saati results in a complete
transformation, usually with a change in career or life direction.[27]

[edit] Panchangam
Main article: Panchanga
Panchanga (Sanskrit: pañcāṅga, from panch, 'five' and anga, 'limbs'.) The panchanga is a
Hindu astrological almanac that follows traditional Indian cosmology, and presents important
astronomical data in tabulated form. Panchanga means five limbs, or five lights that
influence every day.[28]

[edit] In modern India
David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences
that have survived best in modern India, although both have been much transformed by their
western counterparts.[29]
Astrology remains an important facet of Hindu folk belief in contemporary India. Many
Hindus believe that heavenly bodies, including the planets, have an influence throughout the
life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of karma."[30] The
Navagraha, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara, i.e., the Supreme Being)
in Hindu belief assist in the administration of justice.[31] Thus, these planets can influence
earthly life.[32]
Charts are sometimes consulted before a baby is born in order to help pick a name for the
child.

[edit] Status of astrology in modern India
Further information: NCERT controverṣy and Saffronization
In the early 2000s, under the Bharatiya Janata Party led government, astrology became a
topic of political contention between the religious right and academic establishment,
comparable to the "Creation science" debate in US education.
The University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the
Government decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijñāna) or "Vedic astrology" as
a discipline of study in Indian universities, backed up by a decision by the Andhra Pradesh
High Court, despite widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian
scientists working abroad.[33] In September of the same year, the Supreme Court of India
issued a notice to the Ministry of Human Resource Development in reaction to a petition,
stating that the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards,
undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far".[34]
In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed a further petition, judging that the teaching of
astrology does not qualify as promotion of religion.[35] In February 2011, the Bombay High
Court reaffirmed astrology's standing in India when it dismissed a case which had challenged
it status as a science.[36]

[edit] See also

Astrology portal




Antiquity frenzy
Archaeoastronomy and Vedic
chronology



Bhrigu Samhita



Electional Astrology- Vedic Muhurta



Hindu calendar



Hindu chronology



Hindu cosmology



History of astrology



Indian astronomy



Jyotis ṣa resources



Mesha (Indian astrology)



Nadi astrology



Phonetical astrology- Swar Shaaṣtra



Planets in astrology



Tithi

[edit] Notes
1.

^ "In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in
Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences."
David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern
times" Encyclopædia Britannica 2008

2.

^ Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
Oct-Dec2001-9(4), issuesinmedicalethics.org; T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline
Volume 18 – Issue 12, Jun. 09 – 22, 2001 hinduonnet.com

3.

^ Kushal Siddhanta, "Some questions concerning the UGC course in astrology",
Breakthrough, Vol.9, No.2, November 2001, p.3

4.

^ Narlikar (2001)

5.

^ P. Norelli-Bahelet (2002)

6.

^ Pingree(1981), p.67ff, 81ff, 101ff

7.

^ Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p385 ("The Yavanajataka is the earliest
surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and constitute the basis of all later Indian developments
in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajataka of Sphujidhvaja" p5)

8.

^ David Pingree, Jyotih ṣśāṣtra (J. Gonda (Ed.) A Hiṣtory of Indian Literature, Vol VI
Fasc 4), p.81

9.

^ Sutton pp.61–64.[unreliable ṣource?]

10.

^ Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Monier-Williams, (c) 1899

11.

^ Sutton pp.38–51.[unreliable ṣource?]

12.

^ Sutton p.21.[unreliable ṣource?]

13.

^ Sutton p.21.[unreliable ṣource?]

14.

^ Charak, Dr. K.S. (1996). Eṣṣentialṣ of Medical Aṣtrology, Uma Publications, pp.5–
6.

15.

^ Sutton pp.93–167.[unreliable ṣource?]

16.

^ Sutton p.168.[unreliable ṣource?]

17.

^ Sutton p.211.[unreliable ṣource?]

18.

^ Sutton pp.26–27.[unreliable ṣource?]

19.

^ Sutton p.227.[unreliable ṣource?]

20.

^ Sutton p.265.[unreliable ṣource?]

21.

^ Sutton pp.25–26.[unreliable ṣource?]

22.

^ Sutton p.96.[unreliable ṣource?]

23.

^ Sutton p.326.[unreliable ṣource?]

24.

^ Sutton pp.61–64.[unreliable ṣource?]

25.

^ Sutton p.11.[unreliable ṣource?]

26.

^ Sutton p.33.[unreliable ṣource?]

27.

^ Sutton p.231-232.[unreliable ṣource?]

28.

^ Sutton, Komilla (2007). Perṣonal Panchanga and the Five Sourceṣ of Light, The
Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England, p.1.[unreliable ṣource?]

29.

^ David Pingree, review of G. Prakash, Science and the Imagination of Modern
India, Journal of the American Oriental Society (2002), p. 154 f.

30.

^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at Google Books

31.

^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at Google Books

32.

^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at Google Books

33.

^ T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 – Issue 12, June 09 – 22, 2001
hinduonnet.com

34.

^ Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir Vigyan', Timeṣ of India, 3 September 2001
timesofindia.indiatimes.com

35.

^ Supreme Court: Teaching of astrology no promotion of religion; Introduction of
Vedic astrology courses in universities upheld

36.

^ 'Astrology is a science: Bombay HC', The Times of India, 3 February, 2011

[edit] References


Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Eṣṣentialṣ of Vedic Aṣtrology, The Wessex Astrologer
Ltd, England[unreliable ṣource?]

[edit] Bibliography
Further information: Jyotiṣaṣ bibliography
Encyclopedic treatments


Kim Plofker, "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology",
Encyclopædia Britannica (online edition, 2008)



David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in
modern times", Encyclopædia Britannica (online edition, 2008)



"Hindu Chronology" Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911)

Academic literature


David Pingree, "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran", Iṣiṣ – Journal of The
Hiṣtory of Science Society (1963), 229–246.



David Pingree, Jyotih ṣśāṣtra in J. Gonda (ed.) A Hiṣtory of Indian Literature, Vol VI,
Fasc 4, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden (1981).



Ebenezer Burgess, "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in
the Nakshatra System of the Hindus", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).



William D. Whitney, "On the Views of Biot and Weber Respecting the Relations of
the Hindu and Chinese Systems of Asterisms"", Journal of the American Oriental Society
(1866).



Satish Chandra, "Religion and State in India and Search for Rationality", Social
Scientiṣt (2002).

[edit] External links


Srisivanadi.com



Naveen's InfoSite: Vedic Hindu Astrology



Hindu astrology at the Open Directory Project



mypanchang.com Kundli, Jathakam Vedic Astrology
[hide]


v

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d



e

Jyotish Vidya

Nakshatras

Ashvinī ·Bharanī ·Kr ṣttikā·Rohinī ·Mrigashīra ·Ārdrā
·Punarvasu ·Pushya ·Āshleshā ·Maghā ·Pūrva Phalgunī
·Uttara Phalgunī ·Hasta ·Chitrā ·Svātī ·Vishākhā
·Anurādhā ·Jyeshtha ·Mūla ·Pūrva Ashādhā ·Uttara
Ashādhā ·Shravana ·Dhanistha ·Shatabhisha ·Pūrva
Bhādrapadā ·Uttara Bhādrapadā ·Revatī

Bhāvas

Lagna · Dhana · Parakrama · Suhr ṣda· Suta · Ripu/Roga
· Kāma · Mr ṣtyu· Bhāgya · Karma ·Āya · Vyaya

Rāśi

Mes ṣa ·Vr sṣ ṣabha·Mithuna ·Karkat ṣa·Simṣha ·Kanyā ·Tulā
·Vr śṣ cika·Dhanus ·Makara ·Kumbha ·Mīna

Navagraha

Surya ·Chandra ·Mangala ·Budha ·Brihaspati ·Shukra
·Shani ·Rahu ·Ketu

Other Panchangam ·Ayanamsa ·Gandanta ·Atmakaraka ·Lagna
concepts · Drishtis ·Daśās

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