Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis
Antigen resembling a
myelin is phagocytized by a
macrophage
Macrophage presents it to
T cell
Activation of T
cell
T cell relases cytokines:
gamma interferons and
interleukins which binds to B
cell
Augmentatio
n of immune
response

Activation of
adhesion molecules
such as VCAM in
vessel lining

Express VLA 4 molecule

VLA 4 combines with
VCAM

Activated T cell crosses BBB

Inside CNS, T cells
produce proinflammatory
cytokines:IL6
Plaque formation
Increase permeability
of BBB
Impaired impulse
conduction

B cells and Macrophage
enters BBB
Immune system attacks
oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath

Cerebellar area
-ataxia
-tremor

Visual
Optic nerve
disturbances
-blurring
disturbances
-diplopia

Exposed
axons
Brain
Spinal cord
Fatigue
Permanent
nerve
damage
stem
Paresthesia
dysphagi
Spasm
a

Loss of
coordinati
on,
balance
Cerebral area
Poor
articulatio
n

Fatigue r/t decreased energy production
Disturbed sensory perception r/t delayed interrupted neuronal transmission
Impaired physical mobility r/t delayed interrupted neuronal transmission