NEA Rankings of the States 2012 and Estimates of School Statistics 2013

 

Rankings

& 

Estimates

Rankings of the States 2012 and Estimates of School Statistics 2013

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NEA RESEARCH DECEMBER 2012

 

 

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Contents Foreword................ Foreword .................................. ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ...................................... ..................................... ............................... .............. vii Executive Summary ................................... ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ........................................ ...................................ix .............ix Part I. Rankings of the States 2012 Highlights............................................................................................ix Part II. Estimates of School Statistics 2013 Highlights...............................................................................xi Glossary .................................. ................ .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... ..................................... .............................. ............ xiii

RANK INGS 2012 ....................... .................................................. ...................................................... ....................................................... .....................................1 .........1 Technical Notes .................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... .................................... ....................2 ...2 Series A—Population...........................................................................................................................................3 Series B—Enrollment and Attendance ................................... ................. ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ...................................... .....................9 ..9 Series C—Faculty .................................... .................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... .................................. ............... 14 Series D—General Financial Resources ................................... .................. ................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ...................24 .24 Series E—Governmental Revenue.....................................................................................................................30 Series F—School Revenue .................................... .................. .................................... .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .....................37 ....37 Series G—Government Expenditures................................................................................................................44 Series H—School Expenditures.........................................................................................................................50 Index to Rankings Tables...................................................................................................................................59

ESTIMATES 2013............................................... 2013......................................................................... .................................................... ......................................63 ............63

This website stores data such as cookies to enable essential Technical Notessite .................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... .................................... ..................64 .64 functionality, as well as marketing, Highlights of Significant Significa Statistics .................................... ................. ...................................... ............................. ..........65 65 personalization, and analytics. Yount Developments in Public School Statistics may change your settings at any time 1. General Administration..................................................................................................................................69 or accept the default settings.

School Districts...........................................................................................................................................69

2.

Students..........................................................................................................................................................71 Fall Enrollment in Public Schools ................................. ................ ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ........................71 ......71 Average Daily Attendance..........................................................................................................................72 Marketing High School Graduates...............................................................................................................................72

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3. Instructional Staff...........................................................................................................................................74 Total Instructional Staff..............................................................................................................................74 Classroom Teachers....................................................................................................................................74 Save Accept All Instructional Staff Salaries..........................................................................................................................75 Analytics

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 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013

Classroom Teacher Salaries .................................... .................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ............................. ........... 76 4. Revenues ................................. ............... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ..................................... ..................................... ............................. ........... 80 Total Receipts....................................... Receipts..................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... .............................. ........... 80 Revenue Receipts .................................. ................ .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ............................. ........... 80 Increases in School Revenue......................... Revenue....... ..................................... ..................................... .................................... ..................................... ................................... ................... ... 81 5. Expenditures....................... Expenditures..... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... .................................... ................. 83 Total Expenditures ................................... ................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .......................... ........ 83 Current Expenditures .................................. ................ .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ......................... ...... 83 Current Expenditure per Student in ENR............................... ENR............. .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................ .............. 84 Capital Outlay .................................. ................ .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................... .................................. ................. 84 Interest on School Debt................ Debt .................................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................... .................... ... 84 Tables for for the 50 States States and the District District of Columbia............................... Columbia............ ..................................... .................................... .................................... .................... .. 86 State Notes for Rankings and Estimates............................. Estimates.......... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .................................. ........................ ........ 97 References .................................... .................. ................................... ................................... .................................... .................................... ................................... ................................... ........................... ......... 101 Framework for Developing State Profiles and Comparisons ................................... ................ ..................................... ..................................... ................... 103 Framework for Developing State Statistical Statistical Highlights Highlights of of Public Elementary Elementary and Secondary Schools.. Schools....... ..... 107 User Feedback Form................................... Form................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................... ............................. ............ 111

Tables and Figures for Rankings

 Note: Listings of the numerous nu merous figure and table titles for Rankings are provided in the introductory matter for each series (e.g., in the section, Series A—Population, the titles for Figure A and Tables A-1 to A-11 are shown on page 3). A comprehensive subject index to the Rankings tables begins on  page 59. Tables and Figures for Estimates

Highlights Tadata ble 1. 2012–13 versus versus 2011–12 Estimates for 50 50 States and D.C. Statistics Statistics of PubThis website storesTable such as cookies to enable essential site lic Elementary and Secondary School Districts ..................................... ................... ..................................... ..................................... .................. 66 functionality, as well as marketing, Highlights Table 2. Summary of Selected Estimates Data for for 2012–13 2012–13 ...................................... ................... ...................................... ..................... 67 personalization, and analytics. You may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings. Table 1.1

Ten-Year Trend in Total Number of School Districts, 2003–2013.......................................... 2003–2013....................... ...................... ... 69

Table 1.2

Regional Totals for Operating School Districts, 2012–13 .................................. ................ .................................... ........................ ...... 70

Table 2.1

Ten-Year Trend in Total Public School Enrollment, 2003–2013 ................................... .................. ............................. ............ 71

Table 2.2

Ten-Year Trend in Total Public Elementary School Enrollment, 2003–2013.................. 2003–2013 ............................ .......... 71

Table 2.3

Ten-Year Trend in Total Public Secondary School Enrollment, 2003–2013.............................. 2003–2013.......................... .... 72

Table 2.4

Ten-Year Trend in Average Daily Attendance, 2003–2013 .................................... ................. ...................................... ................... 73

Table 3.1 Save

Total Instructional Staff, 2011–12 and 2012–13......................... 2012–13....... .................................... ..................................... .............................. ........... 74 Accept All

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Contents

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Table 3.2

Ten-Year Trend in Total Instructional Staff, 2003–2013 .................................. ................ ..................................... .......................... .......75 75

Table 3.3

Ten-Year Trend in Total Number of Classroom Teachers, 2003–2013 .................................. ................ ......................75 ....75

Table 3.4

Ten-Year Trend in Average Instructional Staff Salary, 2003–2013......................... 2003–2013....... .................................... ...................76 .76

Table 3.5

Ten-Year Trend in Average Annual Salaries for Public School Classroom Teachers, 2003–2013 ................................. ................ ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... .................................... ........................... .........78 78

Table 3.6

Ten-Year Trend in Percentage Change in Average Annual Salaries for Public School Classroom Teachers, 2003–2013.....................................................................................79

Table 4.1

Total Revenue Receipts, 2003–2013 .................................. ................ .................................... .................................... .................................... .....................80 ...80

Table 4.2

Total Revenue Receipts, 2003–2013, by Source of Government Contribution...........................81 Contribution......................... ..81

Table 5.1

Ten-Year Trend in Total Expenditures for Public Schools, 2003–2013...................................... 2003–2013............................ ..........83 83

Table 5.2

Ten-Year Trend in Total Current Expenditures for Public Schools, 2003–2013 ........................84 ................. .......84

Table 5.3

Ten-Year Trend in Expenditures per Student, 2003–2013 .................................... ................. ..................................... ......................85 ....85

Summary Table A. Estimated Number of Public Elementary Elementary and Secondary Dist Districts, ricts, 2011–12 (Revised) and 2012–13 .................................... .................. .................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... ......................86 ...86 Summary Table B. Estimated Fall Enrollment, Enrollment, Elementary and Secondary Pub Public lic Schools, 2011–  12 (Revised) and 2012–13 ................................... ................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................. 87 Summary Table C. Estimated ADM and ADA in in Public Elementary and Secondary Secondary Schools and  Number of Public High School Graduates, Graduates, 2011–12 (Revised) (Revised) ................................... ................. ................................. ............... 88 Summary Table D. Estimated ADM and ADA in Public Elementary and Secondary Scho Schools ols and  Number of Public High School Graduates, Graduates, 2012–13............................................. 2012–13........................... .................................... ......................89 ....89 Summary Table E. Estimated Number of Instructional Instructional Staff Members in Public El Elementary ementary and Secondary Schools by Type of Position, 2011–12 (Revised)......................................................90 Summary Table F. Estimated Number of Instructional Instructional Staff Members in Public E Elementary lementary and Secondary Schools by Type Type of of Position, Position, 2012–13 .................................... .................. .................................... .................................. ................ 91

This website stores data such Summary Table G.asEstimated Average Annual Annual Salaries of Total Instructional Instructional Staff and of Classcookies to enable essential site room Teachers, 2011–12 (Revised) and 2012–13 ................................. ............... ................................... ................................... .....................92 ...92 functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. Summary Table H. H. You Estimated Revenue Revenue and Nonrevenue Nonrevenue Receipts, 2011–12 2011–12 (Revised (Revised)... )...................... ............................... ............92 92 may change your settings at any time Summary Table I. Estimated Revenue and and Nonrevenue Nonrevenue Receipts, Receipts, 2012–13.. 2012–13..................... ..................................... ............................... .............94 94 or accept the default settings.

Summary Table J. Estimated Expenditures for Public Schools, 2011–12 (Revised) ..................................... .................. ....................95 .95 Summary Table K. Estimated Expenditures Expenditures for Public Schools, 2012–13............ 2012–13.............................. .................................... ......................... .......96 96 Privacy Policy Marketing

Highlights Figure 1. Ten-Year Trends in Public Public Education Data, 2003–2013 2003–2013................. .................................. ............................... .............. 68

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Figure 2.1

Annual Enrollment Changes, 2003–2013..................... 2003–2013... .................................... .................................... ................................... ........................... ..........72 72

SaveFigure 2.2 Accept All High School Graduates, 2003–2013 ................................... ................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .....................73 ...73

 

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Figure 3.1

Average Classroom Teacher Salary, 1993–2013 ................................... ................. ..................................... ..................................... .................. 77

Figure 3.2

Distribution of Average Classroom Teacher Salaries, 2013 ..................................... .................. ..................................... .................. 78

Figure 4.1

Percentage of Revenue Change over Prior Year by Source, 2003–2013 .................................... ................. ................... 82

Figure 5.1

Distribution of 2012–13 Current Expenditures per Student in Fall Enrollment......................... Enrollment........................... 85

Figure 5.2

Capital Outlay and Interest on Debt, 2003–2013................. 2003–2013 ................................... .................................... ..................................... ................... 85

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Foreword

T

he data presented in this combined report ― Rankin  Rankings gs & Estimat Es timates es― provide facts about the extent to which local, state, and national governments commit resources to public education. As one might expect in a nation as diverse as the United States—with respect to economics, geography, and  politics—the level of commitment to education varies on a state-by-state state-by-sta te basis. Regardles Regardlesss of these variations, improvements in public education can be measured by summary statistics. Thus, NEA Research offers this report to its state and local affiliates as well as to researchers, policymakers, and the public as a tool to examine public education programs and services. Part I of this combined report—  Rankin  Rankings gs 2012 —provides state-level data on an a n array of topics relevant to the complex enterprise of public education. Since the 1960s, Rankings has presented facts and figures useful in Indetermining states emerging differ from onein another—or from national selected statistics. addition to how identifying trends key economic, political, and averages—on social areas, the state by-state figures on government financing, state demographics, demographics , and public schools permit a statistical assessment of the scope of public education. Of course, no set of tables tells the entire story of a state’s education offerings. Consideration of factors such as a state’s tax system, provisions for other public services, and population characteristics also are needed. Therefore, it is unwise to draw conclusions based solely on individual statistics in this report. Readers are urged to supplement the ranked data with specific information about state and local service activities related to public education. Part II of this combined report—   Estimates  Estima tes 2013 —is 2013 —is in its 69th year of production. This report provides  projections of public school enrollment, employment and compensation compensatio n of personnel, and finances, as reported by individual state departments of education. Not surprisingly, interest in the improvement and renewal of public education continues to capture the attention of the nation. The state-level data featured in Estimates permit broad assessments of trends in staff salaries, sources of school funding, and levels of educational expenditures. The data should be used with the understanding that the reported statewide totals

This website stores data such as reflect the varying conditions that exist among school districts and schools within the and averages may not cookies to enable state. essential site functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You Public education in the United States is a joint enterprise between local, state, and federal governments. may change your settings at any time Yet, progress in improving public education stems primarily from the efforts of state education agencies, or accept the default settings.

local districts, and individual schools. These public organizations deserve credit for recognizing that spending for education needs to be acknowledged as an investment in our nation’s most valuable resource—children. Similarly, this publication represents a collective effort that goes well beyond the staff Privacy Policy of the National Education Association. Individual state departments of education and the NEA’s state Marketing affiliates participate in collecting and assembling the data shown here. As a result, the NEA appreciates and acknowledges the cooperation it receives from all those whose efforts make this publication possible. Personalization Analytics Save

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Execut Exe cutive ive Summary EA Research collects, maintains, and analyzes data on issues and trends affecting the nation’s  public education systems and their employees. This report,  Rankin  Rankings gs of the States 2012 and  Estimates  Estima tes of School Schoo l Stati Statistics stics 2013, 2013 , contains data based on information from state departments of education and other, largely governmental, sources. Complete citations for sources in this report are  provided in the References Refer ences section. sect ion. Significant Signifi cant highlights of these two reports are as follows:

Part I. Ra Ranki nki ngs of th e States States 2012 2012 Highlights Population: State population data provide indicators of the relative demand for public education services and other public programs.

states in 2010: Alaska (1), Wyoming (6), Montana (7), and and North North Dakota (10) (A-11).

From 2009 to 2010, the total U.S. resident  population increased by six-tenths percent (0.6%). States that experienced the greatest  percentage gains in population were the Hawaii (5.0%), North Dakota (4.0%), Wyoming (3.7%),  New Mexico (2.4%), and Nevada (2.2%). Arizona (-3.1%), Georgia (-1.4%), Michigan (-0.9%), New York (-0.8%), Utah (-0.8%), Massachusetts (-0.7%), New Hampshire (-0.7%), Illinois (-0.6%), and Ohio (-0.1%) experienced  population declines (Table A-3). (All further references A-H refer to tables in the Rankings section.)

Enrollment: In fall 2011, U.S. public school enrollment was 49,221,735, up 0.1 percent over fall 2010. The largest percentage enrollment changes from fall 2010 to fall 2011 were in Utah (3.7%), Nevada (2.9%), Idaho (1.5%), and Texas (1.3%). Twenty-three states experienced declines in student enrollment in fall 2011. The greatest declines were in the Tennessee (-3.0%), Connecticut (-2.1%), Vermont (-1.9%), New Hampshire (-1.2%), Rhode Island (-1.2%), Maine (-1.2%), Alaska (-1.1%), and Michigan (-1.1%) (B-2, B-3).

The totaldata U.S. resident population increased by This website stores such as 9.7 percent during cookies to enable essential sitethe decade from 2000 to 2010.  Nevada (35.2%) functionality, as well as marketing,experienced the greatest  percentage gains inYou population over that 10-year personalization, and analytics. may change your settings at any that time had large 10-year gains  period. Other states or accept the defaultUtah settings. include (23.8%), Idaho (21.2%), and Texas

Classroom Teachers : Changes in the number staff employed in education institutions as well of as their levels of compensation reflect trends in enrollment; changes in the economy; and specific state, local, and national program priorities. There were 3,083,266 teachers in 2011–12 (C-5). The average number of students per teacher increased from 15.7 in 2010–11 to 16 in 2011–  12. This ratio of students to teachers must not be confused with “Average Class Size,” which is the number of students assigned to a classroom for instructional purposes. Class size and studentteacher ratio are very different concepts and cannot be used interchangeably. According to

(20.6%). (A-4). Privacy Policy The most densely populated state in 2010 was

 New Jersey, with 1,196 persons per square mile of land area. The District of Columbia had a Personalization  population density of 9,857 persons per square mile. The average population density for the Marketing

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United States and D.C. in 2010 was 87 persons  per square mile. The least densely populated

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recent studies, the difference between studentteacher ratio and average class size in K–3 is 9 or 10 students (Sharp 2002). Therefore, an

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 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013

elementary school with a school wide studentteacher ratio of 16:1 in kindergarten through third grade would typically have an average class size of 25 or 26 students in those same grades. The highest number of students enrolled per teacher in public elementary and secondary schools in fall 2011: California (25.6), Utah (21.9), Oregon (20.2), Washington (19.7), and Michigan (18.4). States with the lowest student–teacher student–teacher ratios were Vermont (9.4), Nebraska (10.7), Maine (11.9),  New Jersey (12.0), and Virginia (12.1). Thirtyfive states and the District of Columbia had average student–teacher ratios below the U.S. average (16.0) (C-6). Males comprised 23.9 percent of U.S. public school teachers in 2012. Many of them taught in Kansas (33.1%), Oregon (30.9%), Vermont (30.2%), or Alaska (30.0%). States with the lowest percentage of male faculty: Virginia (17.5%), Mississippi (17.9%), Louisiana (18.4%), South Carolina (18.4%), and Georgia (19.9%). The median was 24.1 percent (C-8). Classroom Teacher Salaries: The U.S. average  public school teacher salary for 2011–12 was $55,418. State average public school teacher salaries ranged from those in New York ($73,398), Massachusetts ($71,721), and Connecticut ($69,465) at the high end to South Dakota ($38,804), Mississippi ($41,646), and Oklahoma ($44,391) at the low end (C-11).

Over the decade from 2001–02 to 2011–12, in constant dollars, average salaries for public This website stores data such as school teachers changed -2.8 percent. Wyoming cookies to enable essential site (18.4%), District of Columbia (14.4%), functionality, as well as marketing, Massachusetts (14.1%), personalization, and analytics. YouNorth Dakota (11.9%), and Montana (10.6%) had the largest real may change your settings at any time increases in salaries or accept the default settings. during that 10-year period. Thirty-two states saw real declines in average teacher salaries over those years, adjusting for Privacyinflation. Policy Those with average salaries declining 5  percent or more: North Carolina (-15.7%), Marketing(-10.1%), Illinois (-8.7%), Virginia Indiana (-8.7%), Michigan (-8.1%), Florida (-7.3%), Personalization South Carolina (-6.9%), Georgia (-5.9%), Analytics

Washington (-5.9%), and Colorado (-5.5%) (C-14).

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The U.S. average one-year change in public school teacher salaries from 2010–11 to 2011–12 was -0.1%. The largest one-year decrease was in Illinois (-10.7%) and the largest one-year increase was in Montana (3.0%). States with declines 1 percent or more were: New Mexico (-2.7%), South Dakota (-2.6%), Hawaii (-1.8%),  North Carolina (-1.6%), and Washington (-1.3%) (C-15). Expenditures per Student: The U.S. average per student expenditure for public elementary and secondary schools in 2011–12 fall enrollment was $10,834. States with the highest per student expenditures: New York ($18,616), Vermont ($18,571), New Jersey ($18,485), Alaska ($17,032), and Rhode Island ($16,683). Arizona ($6,683), Utah ($6,849), Nevada ($8,247), Oklahoma ($8,285), and Idaho ($8,323) had the lowest per student expenditures (H-11). General Financial Resources: Total personal income data indicate the overall economic activity within a specific geographic area. It is the aggregate income from all sources received by  persons residing r esiding in a state, and it has a significant effect on the total revenue or financial resources available to government jurisdictions through taxation. Personal income largely drives state tax systems; sales and income tax collections respond rapidly to its changes. Between 2009 and 2010, U.S. total personal income changed 3.8 percent to yield $250,543 per student enrolled (D-2, D-7), whereas revenue per K–12 student increased by 2.0 percent that year. For 2011–12, revenue per K–12 student increased 0.6 percent (F-1, F-2). Government Revenues: State and local government revenue shares show little annual variation; given this well-established reality, it is easy to see why economic growth is the key to substantive improvement in education finance. State and local tax revenues per $1,000 of  personal income for 2009–10 were $103 versus $107 the prior year. This number has been fairly level over the past decade (E-4). School Revenues: School funding continues to  be state oriented, although the federal share increased somewhat in recent years. Between school years 2010–11 and 2011–12, the local

 

 

Executive Summary

share of K–12 public education funding increased from 42.7 to 43.7 percent (F-7, F-8) and the state share increased from 45.6 to 45.8 (F-9, F10). The federal share decreased to 10.5 percent (F-11, F-12). Throughout the past 10 years, state and local governments have each provided  between 43 and 49 percent perc ent of the total revenues. revenu es. Government Expenditures: Expenditures for elementary and secondary schools and for higher

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education can serve as indicators of state and local government “effort” to fund these services. Between 2000 and 2010, expenditures for elementary and secondary (K–12) education increased 12.4 percent, whereas higher education spending increased 29.2 percent, in real dollars. The ratio of elementary and secondary expenditures to higher education expenditures was 2.5 to 1 in 2010, similar to the 2009 ratio of 2.5 to 1.

Part II. Estimates of School Statistics 2013 Highlights Enrollment: Public school enrollment was expected to increase by 105,000 students from 2011–12 to 2012–13, from 49,221,735 to 49,326,517. Changes in the elementary grades were estimated to be 71,624, and secondary

 benchmark statistic, hides va vast st differences diff erences among states, with statewide averages likewise clouding significant local variations.

classes were expected to changes enroll more students. Of course, vary across the country, with differences predicted from state district to district.

about 33,158 in enrollment considerable to state and

student fall percent enrollment were expected to increase in by 2.2 to $11,068 in 2012–13, up from $10,834 in 2011–12. This compares with a 2.4 percent increase in total current expenditures.

Classroom Teachers: To meet the increasing  programmatic  programmat ic and changing enrollment demands of local school districts, state education departments expected the number of public school classroom teachers to increase by more than 25,000, from 2011–12 to 2012–13 inspite of recent staff reductions. There were an estimated 3,083,266 teachers for 2011–12 compared to

General Resources: State governments still  provide the largest share of public school financial support—estimated at 45.8 percent for 2012–13—similar to the revised figure of 45.8  percent in 2011–12. Once again, differences difference s among states are considerable, reflecting differences in state and local revenue systems, demographic characteristics, and program

3,108,531 in 2012–13. Implications for local

 priorities, to name but a few factors. fa ctors.

This website stores data such as school district finances vary. Nevertheless, cookies to enable essential site clearly the shifting enrollments may present functionality, as well as marketing, serious challenges to existing school finance personalization, and analytics. You relationships the time state and local levels as may change your settings at at any districts prepare to meet needs generated by or accept the default settings.

increased enrollment  personnel.

and

additional

school

Privacy Policy Classroom Teacher Salaries: Based on trends, Marketing the NEA estimated that the average classroom

teacher salary for 2012–13 would increase by 1.7 Personalization  percent over 2011–12, from $55,418 to $56,383.

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Expenditures per Student: Expenditures per

For 2012–13, the federal government’s contribution to public elementary and secondary school revenues decreased from 10.5% to 10.1%, compared to 2011–12. The federal, state, and local revenue contributions for public education for 2012–13 are estimated at $60.5 billion, $275.3 billion, and $265.6 billion, respectively, totaling $601.4 billion. See Estimates pages 66 and 67 for additional summary information.

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Glossary Average Daily Attendance (ADA): The aggregate attendance of a school during a reporting period divided by the number of days school is in session during this period. Only days on which the pupils are under the guidance and direction of teachers should be considered as days in session. The average daily attendance for groups of schools having varying lengths of terms is the sum of the average daily attendances obtained for the individual schools.

Classroom Teacher:  A staff member assigned the  professional activities of instructing pupils in selfcontained classes or courses, or in classroom situations. The number of classroom teachers is usually expressed in full-time equivalents.

Average Daily Membership (ADM):  The aggregate membership of a school during a reporting period divided by the number of days school is in session during this period. Only days on which pupils are under the guidance and direction of teachers should be considered as days in session. The average daily membership for groups of schools having varying lengths of terms is the sum of the average daily memberships obtained for the individual schools.

Current Expenditures:  The expenditures for operating local public schools, excluding capital outlay and interest on school debt. These expenditures include such items as salaries for school personnel, fixed charges, student transportation, school books and materials, and energy costs.

Average Salary:  The arithmetic mean of the salaries of the group described. This figure is the

average grosssuch salary This website stores data as before deductions for Social Security, retirement, health insurance, and so on. cookies to enable essential site functionality, as well as marketing, Basicand Administrative personalization, analytics. You Unit: See School District. may change your settings at any time Capital or accept the defaultOutlay: settings.  An expenditure that results in the

acquisition of fixed assets or additions to fixed assets, which are presumed to have benefits for more than one year. It is an expenditure for land or Privacy Policy existing buildings, improvements of grounds, Marketing construction of buildings, additions to buildings, remodeling of buildings, or initial, additional, and Personalization replacement equipment. Analytics

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Coefficient of Variation (CV): The standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean. Used to compare standard deviations of varying groups of data.

Current Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Day Schools:  Included are the following:

a.  a.  Expenditures for administration by the state  board of education and the state department of education excluding expenditures for vocational rehabilitation and salaries for  personnel who provide supplementary supplementar y services, such as state library, state museum, teacher retirement, teacher  placement, and so on.  b.  b.   Expenditures for administration by county or other intermediate intermediate administrative units. c.  c.  Total current expenditures by local school districts, such as expenditures for administration, instruction, attendance, health, transportation, net food service,

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 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013

maintenance and operation, and other net expenditures to cover deficits for extracurricular activities for pupils. (Net food service also includes the value of commodities donated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, such as those  provided through the school lunch and milk  programs.) d.  d.  Direct state expenditures for current operations, such as state (employer) contributions to retirement systems,  pension funds, or Social Security on behalf of public school employees; state expenditures for textbooks distributed to local school districts; and all other expenditures made by the state on behalf of free public elementary and secondary schools. Includes current expenditures made for vocational/technical elementary and secondary education. Current Expenditures for Other Programs:  Current expenses for summer schools, adult education, post-high-school vocational education,  personnel retraining, retraining , and community services; services to private school pupils, community centers, recreational activities, and public libraries, and so on, when operated by local school districts and not part of regular public elementary and secondary day-school programs. Debt:  The major portion of all state and local government debt constitutes long-term indebtedness. A such substantial portion of such longThis website stores data as debt essential is nonguaranteed debt (i.e., obligations cookiesterm to enable site  payable solely from pledged earnings of specific functionality, as well as marketing, activitiesand or facilities, personalization, analytics. from You special assessments, or from specific nonproperty taxes). may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings. Education:  The provision or support of schools and other education facilities and services. Privacy Policy Effort:  A measure that relates the capacity to Marketing support public schools (defined as the personal income of the residents of the state) to the revenues Personalization obtained, or expenditures made, on behalf of public Analytics schools. The latest available personal income data determine the school year for which school Save Accept All

revenues and expenditures are chosen for comparison. Personal income for the year shown would be available to pay school taxes or defray school expenditures in that school year. Elementary School:  A school classified as elementary by state and local practice and composed of any span of grades not above grade 8. A preschool or kindergarten school is included under this heading only if it is an integral part of an elementary school or a regularly established school system. Enrollment:  A cumulative count of the number of  pupils registered regi stered during dur ing the entire school sc hool year. New entrants are added, but those leaving are not subtracted. Expenditures: All amounts of money paid out by a government—net of recoveries and other correcting

transactions—other than for retirement of debt, investment in securities, extension of credit, or as agency transactions. Expenditures include only external transactions of a government and exclude noncash transactions, such as the provision of  perquisites or other payments in kind. Aggregates for groups of governments exclude intergovernmental transactions among the governments involved. Fall Enrollment:  The count of the pupils registered in the fall of the school year, usually in October. Fire Protection:  Comprises fire-fighting and fire protection activities a ctivities of local governments. govern ments. Full-Time Equivalent Employment:  A computed statistic representing the number of full-time employees that could have been employed if the reported number of hours worked by part-time employees had been worked by full-time employees. This statistic is calculated separately for each function of a government by dividing the “part-time hours paid” by the standard number of hours for full-time employees in the particular government and then adding the resulting quotient

to the number of full-time employees.

 

 

Glossary

Functions:  Public purposes served by governmental activities (education, highways,  public welfare, etc.). Expenditures for each function include amounts for all types of expenditures serving the purpose concerned. General Expenditures:  All expenditures of a government other than utility expenditures, liquor store expenditures, and insurance trust expenditures. General Revenue:  All revenue of a government except the kinds of revenue classified as utility revenue, liquor store revenue, and insurance trust revenue. All tax collections, even if designated for insurance trust or local utility purposes, are classified under general revenue. General Sales Taxes: Sales or gross receipts taxes that are applicable, with only specified exceptions,

to all types of goods and services or all gross income, whether at a single rate or at classified rates. Health:  Health services, other than hospital care, including health research, clinics, nursing, immunization, and other categorical, environmental, and general public health activities. School health services provided by health agencies (rather than school agency) are included. High School Graduate:  A person who receives formal recognition from school authorities for having completed the prescribed high school course ofstores study;data excludes equivalency certificates. This website such as cookies to enable essential site Hospitals: and operation of hospital functionality, as well as  Establishment marketing, facilities, provisionYou of hospital care, and support of personalization, and analytics. other oratprivate hospitals. may change yourpublic settings any time or accept the default settings. Household:  A unit that includes all persons

xv  

Instructional Staff:  Full-time equivalent number of positions, not the number of different individuals individuals occupying the positions during the school year. In local schools, instructional staff includes all public elementary and secondary (junior and senior high) day school positions that are in the nature of teaching or in the improvement of the teaching–  learning situation. Includes consultants or supervisors of instruction, principals, teachers, guidance personnel, librarians, psychological  personnel, and other instructional staff. Excludes administrative staff, attendance personnel, health services personnel, clerical personnel, and junior college staff. In institutions of higher education, includes those engaged in teaching and related academic research in junior colleges, colleges, and universities, including those in hospitals, agricultural experiment stations, and farms. Interest on Debt:  Annual expenditures to pay

interest only on long-term debt. K–12:  Kindergarten through 12th grade. Used for convenience of abbreviation in the Rankings tables; comprises “Elementary School” and “Secondary School” as defined in this glossary. Thus, as is the case for “Elementary School,” K–12 here may include preschool and/or kindergarten but only if it is an integral part of an elementary school or a regularly established school system. Live Births: Number of births in the United States. Mean: The arithmetic average of the data. Median: The middle number in a group when data are arranged in numeric sequence. Membership:  A count of the number of pupils “belonging”” to a school, whether present or absent, “belonging on a day when school is in session.

occupying a house, apartment, or room regarded as

Privacy Policy a dwelling unit, excluding group quarters such as

dormitories.

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Individual Income Tax:  Taxes on individuals Personalization

measured by net income and taxes imposed on

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special types of income (e.g., interest, dividends, and income from intangibles). intangibles).

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Noninstructional Staff:  In local schools includes administrative and clerical personnel, plant operation and maintenance employees, bus drivers, and lunchroom, health, and recreational personnel engaged by school systems. In institutions of higher

education includes cafeteria, clerical, and custodial

 

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 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013

workers in colleges and universities, hospitals, agricultural experiment stations, and farms. Nonoperating School District:  A school district that does not provide direct instruction for pupils  but contracts contra cts with or pays tuition to other districts. distri cts. Nonrevenue Receipts:  The amount received by local education agencies from the sale of bonds and real property and equipment, loans, and proceeds from insurance adjustments. Operating School District:  A school district that directly provides instruction for pupils by hiring its own staff. Personal Income:  State personal income is the current income received by residents of the state from all sources, including transfers from government and business but excluding transfers

among persons. It is a before-tax measure. The total includes both monetary and nonmonetary income of individuals and income received in kind. It also includes the investment income of nonprofit institutions serving individuals as well as the investment income of private trust funds and  private noninsured non insured welfare welf are funds. Police Protection:  Preservation of law and order and traffic safety. Includes highway police patrols, crime prevention activities, police communications, detention and custody of persons awaiting trial, traffic safety, vehicular inspection, and so on. Property Taxes: Taxes conditioned on ownership of  property anddata measured This website stores such asby its value. Includes both general property taxes cookies to enable essential site(i.e., relating to property as a whole,asreal personal, tangible or intangible, functionality, well and as marketing, whether taxed at a single personalization, and analytics. Yourate or at classified rates) and special property (i.e., on selected types of may change your settings at taxes any time or accept the default  property, suchsettings. as motor vehicles or certain or all tangibles, subject to rates that are not directly related to rates applying to general property Privacytaxation). Policy Marketing Public Welfare:  Support of and assistance to Personalization eligible persons contingent upon their need. Excludes pensions to former employees and other Analytics  benefits not contingent on need. Expenditures under this heading include cash assistance Save Accept All

 payments directly to needy persons under categorical and other welfare programs; vendor  payments made directly to private purveyors for medical care, burials, and other services provided under welfare programs; welfare institutions; and any intergovernmental or other direct expenditures for welfare purposes. Any services provided directly by the government through its hospital and health agencies are classed under those headings. Range:  The difference between the highest and lowest values in a group of data. Resident Population: In addition to those who are residents of an area, includes armed forces  personnel who are stationed st ationed in the area. Revenue:  Revenue receipts for public school  purposes derive de rive from three main sources: Local.  Local, intermediate, and other

sources include all funds for direct expenditures by local and intermediate districts for school services, for the operation of intermediate departments of education, for employer contributions to retirement systems and/or Social Security on behalf of public school employees, for the purchase of materials for distribution of local school districts, and so on. Includes net receipts from revolving funds or clearing accounts only when such funds are available for general expenditure by the local board of education. Includes gifts and tuition and fees received from patrons. State. Revenue receipts from state sources include all funds for the operation of the state department of education, for state (employer) contributions to retirement systems and/or Social Security on behalf of school employees, for grants in aid to intermediate and local school districts for school purposes (including funds available from state bond issues for such grants and the costs of textbooks, buses, supplies, etc., purchased by the state for distribution to local school districts), for the payment of interest on state bonds issued to  provide grants grant s to local school districts, distric ts, and all a ll other state revenue for public school purposes. Money collected by the state as an agent of a lesser unit and turned over in like amounts to that unit is not included.

 

 

Glossary

Federal.  Revenue receipts from federal sources include money distributed from the federal treasury either directly to local school districts or through the state and county, including grants for vocational education, for aid to federally affected areas, for school lunch and milk programs, for educating American Indians in local public schools, and money derived from federal forest reserves and federal oil royalties. Revenue from Own Sources:  All revenue of a government (taxes and other) except intergovernmental. School District:  An education agency at the local level that exists primarily to operate public schools or to contract for public school services. Synonyms are “local basic administrative unit” and “local education agency.” School-Age Population:  Population age 5 through 17, inclusive (excluding armed forces abroad). Secondary School:  A school comprising any span of grades beginning with the next grade following an elementary or middle school (usually 7, 8, or 9) and ending with or below grade 12. Both junior high schools and senior high schools are included. Standard Deviation, SDEV:  A statistical technique measuring the extent to which data vary from their mean. Used to indicate the relative dispersion of individual items. Student-Teacher  The number of students in This website stores data such Ratio: as the fall enrollment cookies to enable essential site divided by the number of classroom teachers. This ratio of students to functionality, as well as marketing, teachers not be personalization, and must analytics. Youconfused with “average class may change your settings at any time of students assigned to a size,” which is the number or accept the default settings. classroom for instructional purposes. Class size and

student-teacher ratio are very different concepts and cannot be used interchangeably. According to Privacy Policy recent studies, the difference between studentteacher ratio and average class size in K–3 is 9 or Marketing 10 students (Sharp 2002). Therefore, an elementary Personalization school with a school-wide student-teacher ratio of 16:1 in kindergarten through third grade would Analytics

typically have an average class size of 25 or 26 students in those same grades.

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xvii  

Taxes:  Compulsory contributions exacted by a government for public purposes, except employee and employer assessments for retirement and social insurance purposes, which are classed as insurance trust revenue. All tax revenue is classified under general revenue and comprises amounts received (including interest and penalties but excluding refunds) from taxes imposed by the recipient government. Amounts received by a govern ment from a tax it imposes are counted as tax revenue of that government, even though initially collected by another government; however, any amounts the collecting government retains are treated as its tax revenue. Tax amounts subsequently distributed to other governments are classified as intergovernmental transactions. Total Expenditures:  Includes all current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest on the school debt.

Total Revenue Receipts: Includes all revenue receipts available for expenditure for current expenses, capital outlay, and debt service for  public schools, including all appropriations from general funds of federal, state, county, and local governments; receipts from taxes levied for school purposes; income from permanent school funds and endowments; income from leases of school lands; interest on bank deposits; tuition; gifts; and so on. Amounts that increase the school indebtedness or that represent exchange of school property for money are excluded.

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Ran k i n g s 2012

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Technical Notes

T

his publication, Rankings of the States 2012, contains rank-ordered statistics for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. All state data are ranked beginning with the largest figure. When the values of two or more states are the same, they are assigned the same rank, with the appropriate number resumed with the next state in rank. In this case, they appear in rank order before rounding. Note, also, that some totals in certain tables may not sum exactly because of rounding. Dollar values are expressed in “current dollars” unless otherwise noted. The notation “(Revised)” indicates tables that have been updated from the  previous edition e dition of Rankings Ra nkings of the States. The education data in Rankings are the most recent actual or estimated data available from state departments of education. Complete citations for data sources are presented in the References section (page 101). Where no data are available from a state education department, NEA Research has  provided an estimate, identified by an asterisk in Series B, C, F, and H tables. The State Notes (page 97) contain additional information provided by state education to help explain data This website stores data departments such as foressential their states. cookiesreported to enable site functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. Youfrom federal government The availability of data may change your settings at any time and other sources dictates the presence or absence or accept the default settings. of certain tables in this report. Because average

daily membership (ADM) is no longer widely used as a state and national statistic, it has been replaced Privacy by Policy fall enrollment (ENR) in the computation of expenditure per student featured in Series H. Marketing Moreover, the per student count in ENR, rather Personalization than in average daily attendance (ADA), has  become the recommended recommend ed indicator for measuring Analytics  public school expenditures and revenues as well as  personal income per student in this report. Save

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However, for the reader’s convenience, tables with variables in ADA have been maintained, and new tables have been added for the ENR count in Series D, F, and H.  Note, also, that in i n Series Se ries C, F, and H H,, the term “K–  12 Schools” has replaced the term “Elementary and Secondary Schools.” No change in the meaning is implied (see the glossary entries for these terms). The abbreviation is used because of limited space in the title fields in the database from which the Rankings tables are generated for this volume. Figures A through H illustrate historical trends in selected Rankings data, and a detachable worksheet worksheet is provided at the back of this book to help state affiliates and general users develop a school funding profile. Comparisons with neighboring states can be developed for any Rankings table by using the last page of the detachable section. section. The NEA skipped a publication year. Therefore,  Rankings gs of the States State s 2007 and Estimates Estim ates of no  Rankin School Statistics 2008  exists.  exists.

2

 

 

Series Se ries A—P A—Popu opulation lation

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ables in Series A provide information about the population of states and can serve as indicators of the relative demand for public education services or other public programs. The level and change in total state population are featured in Tables A-1 through A-4. These tables help to identify patterns of growth or decline for each state and the resulting implications for the staffing and financing of public education institutions. Population density appears in Table A11. School-age population data in Tables A-5 through A-7 focus directly on the consumers of public elementary and secondary education. Combining these figures with public school enrollment tables in Series B can indicate demand for and  participation  participatio n in public school services. servi ces.

Tables A-8 through A-10 define the adult  population within states. Changes in the size of adult and elderly age groups affect demand for  public school programs and the degree to which funding for education faces competition from other  public sector programs. These tables also can indicate the propensity of citizens within a state to support public education. Figure A displays historical trends for two key groups: school-age and retirement-age populations. The school-age trend indicates a potential demand for education; the adult and retirement-age  populations indicate a potential demand for health care services. As both education and health care are heavily dependent on public financing, competition  between the two groups for available tax dollars may increase (Tables A-6, A-9).

Figure A. Annu al Percentage Percentage of Population in Selected Age Groups, 20 2000 00–1 –10 0 This website stores data such as Tables A-1 tosite A -11 cookies to enable essential A-1. Total Resident Population, 2010 functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, You A-2.and analytics. Total Resident Population, 2009 may changeA-3. your settings at any time Percentage Change in Total Resident Population, 2009–10 or accept the default settings.

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A-11.

Percentage Change in Total Resident Population, 2000–10 Population Ages 5–17, 2010 Population Ages 5–17 as Percentage of Total Population, 2010 Percentage of Resident Population Under Age 18, 2010 Percentage of Resident Population Ages 18–64, 2010 Percentage of Resident Population Ages 65 and Older, 2010 Percentage Change in Population 65 Years of Age and Older, 2000–10 Population per Square Mile of Land Area, 2010

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4

 Rankings of the States 2012

Fi Figure gure A. Annual Percentage Percentage of Population Population in Selected Selected Age Groups, 2000–10 20 18 16 14 12    t   n   e   c   r   e    P

10

Age 5–17 5–17

Age 65 and ove verr

8 6 4 2 0

2000data such 2001as 2002 This website stores cookies to enable essential site functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You   may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings. Privacy Policy Marketing Personalization Analytics Save

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20 03

20 04

20 05  Year

20 06

20 07

2008

2009

2010

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Marketing Personalization   A-10. PERCENTAGE PE RCENTAGE CH CHANGE ANGE IN POPULATION 65 YEARSAnalytics OF AGE AND OLDER, 2000–10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

ALASKA NEVADA I DAHO COLORADO ARIZONA GEORGIA UTAH SOUTH CAROLINA NEW MEXICO

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A-11. POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE OF LAND AREA, 2010 48.6 47.9 33.6 32.2 32.0 31.3 30.4 30.3 28.3

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NEW JERSEY RHODE ISLAND MASSACHUSETTS CONNECTI CUT MARYLAND DELAWARE NEW YORK FLORIDA

9,857 1,196 1,018 839 738 595 461 411 351

R   a  n  k   i    n  g  s   o  f    t    h   e

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

NORTH CAROLINA DELAWARE TEXAS WASHINGTON VIRGINIA WYOMI NG

27.3 26.5 25.5 24.9 23.4 22.4

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

PENNSYLVANI A OHI O CALIFORNIA ILLINOIS HAWAII VI RGINIA

284 282 239 231 212 203

1 16 7.. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

OE RW EGH OA NMPSHIRE N MONTANA TENNESSEE HAWAII CALI FORNIA MARYLAND VERMONT FLORIDA MAINE UNITED STATES MINNESOTA KENTUCKY ALABAMA ARKANSAS I NDI ANA MICHIGAN OKLAHOMA MISSOURI MISSISSIPPI WISCONSI N SOUTH DAKOTA CONNECTI CUT LOUISIANA WEST VIRGINIA OHIO I LLINOIS NEW YORK NEW JERSEY NEBRASKA KANSAS MASSACHUSETTS I OWA NORTH DAKOTA PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

2 22 1..2 8 21.5 21.3 21.1 18.1 18.0 17.9 16.1 15.3 15.1 14.8 14.5 13.6 12.6 11.7 11.7 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.5 8.3 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.9 6.6 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.1 3.2 2.1 –0.7 –1.4

1 16 7.. 18. 19. 20.

TH CAROLINA IN NO DRIA NA MICHIGAN GEORGIA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE NEW HAMPSHI RE KENTUCKY LOUISIANA WISCONSI N WASHINGTON TEXAS ALABAMA UNITED STATES MISSOURI WEST VIRGINIA VERMONT MINNESOTA MISSISSI PPI ARIZONA ARKANSAS IOWA OKLAHOMA COLORADO MAI NE OREGON KANSAS UTAH NEVADA NEBRASKA IDAHO NEW MEXICO SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA MONTANA WYOMING ALASKA

18 91 6 1 175 168 154 154 147 110 105 105 101 96 94 87 87 77 68 67 63 56 56 55 55 49 43 40 35 34 25 24 19 17 11 10 7 6 1

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 32. 33. 34. 36. 37. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

U.S. Census Bureau (2012a).

22. 23. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 36. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

 S   t    a  t    e  s  2   0  1  2 

U.S. Census Bureau (2012a).

 

 

Series Se ries B—E B —Enro nrollm llment ent and Attendance A ttendance

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 period, which is useful in predicting demand for higher education services in future years. Please see  page 97 for additional information provided by the state education departments to help explain data reported for their states in Series B tables.

school services and staff.

Percentage change in total K–12 public school enrollment is displayed in Figure B. Accommodating Accommodatin g increases has required and will continue to require physical and financial resources  just to maintain a level measure of educational services (Table B-3).

ables Series This website stores datain such as B feature data on student cookies to enable participation essential site in public elementary and secondary schools. The tables include current functionality, as well as marketing, statistics on students personalization, and analytics. You enrolled and the change in may change your settings at any enrollment over the time previous year. These tables or accept the default settings. indicate change in relative demand for public Privacy Policy Public school enrollment (ENR) and average daily

attendance (ADA) appear in Tables B-2 through B5.

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Table B-7 shows the percentage change in the number of high school graduates over a 10-year

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Figu re B. Annual Annu al Perc Perce ent ntage age Change Change in Fall Enrollment, Enrollm ent, 2002 2002 12 12 Tables B-1 to B-7 B-1. B-1. BB-2. 2. B-3.. B-3 B-4. B-4. B-5.. B-5 B-6. B-6. B-7.. B-7

Number ber o off Ope Opera ratin ting g Pu Publ blic ic Sch School ool Dist Distric ricts ts,, 2011– 2011–12 12 Publi blic Sch Scho ool E En nrol ollm lmen ent, t, Fal Falll 201 2011 Percen Percenta tage ge Chan Change in Public Public School School Enro Enrollment llment,, F Fall all 2010 2010 to Fall 2011 Averag erage Dai Daily ly Atte Attend ndan ance ce in Pu Publ blic ic Sch Schoo ools, ls, 2011 2011–12 –12 Average erage Daily Daily Atte ttenda ndance nce as Per Percen centag tagee of of Fall Fall Enro Enrollm llment ent,, 2011–1 2011–12 2 Number ber of Pu Publi blicc Hig High h Sch Schoo ooll Gra Gradu duate atess, 2011 2011–1 –12 2 Percen Percenta tage ge Chan Change ge in Num Number of of High High Scho Schoo ol Gradu Graduates ates,, 2001–02 2001–02 ve vers rsus us 2011– 2011–12 12

 

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 Rankings of the States 2012

Figure B. Annual Percentage Chang Change e in Fall Fall Enro Enrollment, llment, 2002–12 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 data such as This website stores cookies to enable essential site functionality, as1.2 well as marketing,    t personalization, and analytics. You   n   e 1.0   c may change your settings at any time   r   e or accept the default settings.    P 0.8 Privacy Policy 0.6 Marketing 0.4 Personalization 0.2 Analytics 0.0 2Accept 002 2 003 Save All

20 04

200 5

200 6

2007  Year

2 008

20 09

20 10

201 1

2012

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  B-7. PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, 2001–02 TO T O 2011–12

This 1website data such as91.2 * . ARIZONstores A 2 . N E V A D A cookies toTENenable essential site 5629..05 * 3. NESSEE 4. NORTHas CARO LINA as marketing, 43.9 functionality, well 5. GEORGIA 40.7 6. VIRGINIA 34.7 * personalization, and analytics. You 7. TEXAS 32.3 . SOUTHyour CAROLINsettings A 0.3 may 8change at any 3time 9. N NE EW YORK 29.5 * 10. Nthe EW HAdefault MPSHIRE or accept settings. 29.4 * 11. 12. 13. 14.

FLORIDA NEW JERSEY CALI FORNIA ALABAMA UNITED STATES MAINE VERMONT CONNECTI CUT PENNSYLVANIA ALASKA I NDI ANA MINNESOTA NEW MEXICO DELAWARE KENTUCKY RH RHODE ISLAND MISSOURI COLORADO OREGON OHIO I LLINOIS MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS I DAHO HAWAII

Privacy 15. Policy 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

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Personalization Analytics Save

28.2 25.7 * 23.6 * 23.4 * 22.2 * 21.8 * 21.3 * 21.1 20.6 * 20.2 * 20.1 18.6 * 18.4 18.0 * 17.6 * 17.5 * 17.0 * 16.4 * 15.9 14.8 * 14.5 * 14.1 13.0 12.1 * 10.9

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35. 36. 37. 38. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

UTAH MISSISSIPPI WASHINGTON ARKANSAS WISCONSI N KANSAS MICHIGAN OKLAHOMA WEST VIRGINIA NEBRASKA LOUISIANA I OWA MONTANA SOUTH DAKOTA WYOMI NG NORTH DAKOTA DISTRICT OF COLUMBI A

10.5 * 7.8 * 7.5 6.7 * 6.7 * 6.0 5.3 2.8 2.6 0.4 0.3 * –1.7 –5.1 * –8.1 – 11.8 – 13.9 – 43 43.3 *

 S   er   i    e  s  B  – E   n r   o  l    l    m  e  n  t    a  n  d  A   t    t    e  n  d   a  n  c  e 1   3 

Computed from NEA Research, Estimates Database (2012).

 

 

Seri Se ries es C—Facult C—Faculty y

P

ersonnel in local public schools and in public institutions of higher education are the focus of tables in Series C. Changes in the number of staff employed in education institutions as well as their levels of compensation reflect trends in enrollment, changes in the economy, and specific  program priorities p riorities expressed ex pressed by state residents. resid ents. The number of staff employed in public schools is featured in Table C-1. The statistics for full-time employment in higher education presented in Tables C-2 through C-4 have been computed by the U.S. Census Bureau with a formula using hours This website stores such as worked by data part-time employees. Two tables of cookies to enable essential site student load—number of students enrolled per functionality, as well as marketing, teacher and number of students in ADA per personalization, and analytics. You teacher—are presented in Tables C-6 through C-7. may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings.

computations employ the Consumer Price Index for computations all Urban Consumers (CPI-U), converted to a school-year basis, using the 2001–02 school year as the base (2001–02 = 100.0). The presentation of salary changes in constantdollar terms enables identification of salary increases attributable to inflation. The resulting  picture for most states is of a salary gain over the  past decade far below what the public may intend or know of. Used as an advocacy tool, these salary data can do much to dispel myths of huge jumps in the purchasing power of teacher salaries. Please see page 97 for additional information  provided by the state education departments to help explain data reported for their states in Series C tables.

Average salaries for public elementary and secondary classroom teachers and instructional Privacystaff Policyare featured in Tables C-9 through C-22.

Figure C traces the percentage change in average salaries paid teachers from 2002 to 2012. When

These average salary data are presented in Marketing “current” (unadjusted) dollars and also in “constant” (inflation-adjusted) dollars. These

adjusted for inflation, the average salary has increased by -2.8 percent over the decade (Tables C-15, C-14).

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Analytics Figur e C. C. Ann ual Percentage Change in Teacher Salary Salary , 2 2002 002–12 –12 (Current $) Save Tables C-1 toAccept C-22 All

C-1. C-2.

Total Instructional Staff in Public K–12 Schools, 2011–12 Total Instructional Staff (Full-Time Equivalent) in Public Institutions of Higher Education,

2010 C-3.

Total Instructional Staff (FTE) in Public Institutions of Higher Education per 10,000 Population, October 2010

C-4.

Total Noninstructional Noninstructional Staff (FTE) in Public Institutions of Higher Education per 10,000 Population, October 2010

C-5. C-6. C-7. C-8.

Number of Teachers in Public K–12 Schools, 2011–12 Students Enrolled per Teacher in Public K–12 Schools, Fall 2011 Students in ADA per Teacher in Public K–12 Schools, 2011–12 Percentage of Public School Teachers Who Are Men, 2011–12

14

 

 

Series C – Faculty

C-9. C-10.

Average Salaries of Public School Teachers, 2010–11 (Revised) ($) Average Salaries of Public School Teachers as Percentage of National Average, 2010–11 (Revised)

C-11. C-12. C-13.

Average Salaries of Public School Teachers, 2011–12 ($) Average Salaries of Public School Teachers as Percentage of National Average, 2011–12 Percentage Change in Average Salaries of Public School Teachers 2001–02 to 2011–12 (Current $)

C-14.

Percentage Change in Avg. Salaries of Public School Teachers, 2001–02 to 2011–12 (Constant $)

C-15.

Percentage Change in Average Salaries of Public School Teachers 2010–11 to 2011–12 (Current $)

C-16. C-17.

Average Salaries of Instructional Staff in Public Schools, 2010–11 (Revised) ($) Average Salaries of Instructional Staff as Percentage of National Average, 2010–11 (Revised)

C-18.

Average Salaries of Instructional Staff in Public Schools, 2011–12 ($)

C-19. C-20. C-21. C-22.

Average Salaries of Instructional Staff, as Percentage of National Average, 2011–12 Percentage Change in Average Instructional Staff Salaries, 2001–02 to 2011–12 (Current $) Percentage Change, Average Instructional Staff Salaries, 2001–02 to 2011–12 (Constant $) Percentage Change, Average Instructional Staff Salaries, 2010–11 to 2011–12 (Current $)

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2009

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2012

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  C-22. PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN AVERAGE INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF SALARIES, 2010–11 TO 2011–12 (CURRENT $) 1. 2. 3.

VERMONT TENNESSEE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEW HAMPSHIRE UTAH ARIZONA I DAHO LOUISIANA NEVADA NEW JERSEY NEW YORK OHIO RHODE ISLAND VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA DELAWARE MASSACHUSETTS WYOMI NG KENTUCKY MISSISSIPPI

3.3 * 3.1 3.0 * 3.0 * 3.0 2.8 * 2.6 * 2.6 * 2.5 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.4 * 2.0 * 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 *

2 25 6..

PEEN NASSYKLV N BR AANIA

1..7 8* 1

38.

MICHIGAN UNITED STATES MARYLAND CALI FORNIA COLORADO TEXAS ALASKA HAWAII NEW MEXICO WISCONSI N WASHINGTON NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA I NDI ANA I LLINOIS MEDIAN RANGE SDEV. CV

6. 7. 9. 10.

20. 23.

7. OREGOstores N This 22website data such as 11..65 8. FLORIDA 29. A cookies toIOWenable essential site 0.9 30. ARKANSAS 0.8 SOUTHas CAROwell LINA as marketing, 0.8 functionality, 32. ALABAMA 0.7 3 3 . C O N N E C T I C U T 0 personalization, and analytics. You.4 * 34. KANSAS 0.3 MAINE your settings at any time 0.3 may change 36. OKLAHOMA 0.2 or accept default settings. 37. Gthe EORGIA 0.1 39. 40.

Privacy Policy 43. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

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0.0 – 0.1 * –0.4 –0.6 * –0.6 –0.6 –0.7 * –0.7 –0.7 –0.9 –1.1 –1.6 –2.2 –7.8 * – 10.7 * 1.7 14.0 2.5 302.7

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Computed from NEA Research, Estimates Database (2012).

 S   e r   i    e  s   C – F   a  c  u  l    t    y 2   3 

 

 

Seri Se ries es D—Ge D—General neral Fin Financial ancial Re Reso sour urces ces

T

he term total personal income measures the overall economic activity within a specific geographic area. It is the aggregate income from all sources received by persons residing in a state, and it has a significant effect on the total income or financial resources available to governmental jurisdictions through taxation. In turn, the amount of total personal income available affects the prospects for financing public education and other government services. A state’s personal income is used throughout the tables in this report to gauge the ability and effort of states to generate funds for public programs, and it is considered by some to present a better method of comparison than the use of per capita computations. Tables D-1 and D-2 compare states on their total  personal income and the percentage gain in each state. Per capita personal income provides more detail about the relative financial well-being of individuals within each state through the use of statewide population as a common denominator and is featured in Tables D-3 through D-6.

Tables D-7 and D-8 compare the states on a measure of personal income geared more closely to the consumers of public education services—the number of students as measured in fall enrollment and average daily attendance, respectively. Table D-9 shows the relative significance of government activity as it contributes to total personal income by measuring personal income from government and government enterprises enterprises as a percentage of the total. Income from farming activities is compared by state in Table D-10. Figure D shows the percentage change in per capita  personal income for the years 2000 through 2010. To a large extent, personal income drives state tax systems. Sales and income tax collections respond rapidly to its changes. It is therefore a key indicator to watch in education finance planning (Table D-5).

Figur e D. D. Ann ual Percentage Change in Per Per Capita Perso Personal nal Income, Incom e, 2000–1 2000–10 0

This website stores data such as cookies to enable essential site Tables D-1 to D-10 functionality, as well as marketing, D-1. Total Personal Income, 2010 ($ millions) personalization, and analytics. You D-2. your settings Percentage Change may change at any time in Total Personal Income, 2009 to 2010 or acceptD-3. the defaultPer settings. Capita Personal Income, 2010 ($)

D-4. Per Capita Personal Income as Percentage of National Average, 2010 D-5. Percentage Change in per Capita Personal Income, 2009 to 2010 Privacy Policy D-6. Percentage Change in per Capita Personal Income, 2000 to 2010 Marketing D-7. Personal Income per Student in Fall Enrollment, 2010 ($) D-8. Personal Income per Student in Average Daily Attendance, 2010 ($) Personalization D-9. Analytics D-10.

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Personal Income from Government and Government Enterprises (Federal, State, and Local) as Percentage of Total Personal Income, 2010 Gross Farm Income per Capita, 2010 ($) Accept All

24

 

 

25 

Series D – General Financial Resources

Figure D. Annual Percentage Change in per Capita Pers Personal onal Income, 2000–10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2    t   n   e   c   r   e    P

1 0 -1

2 000

2001

2002

200 3

2004

2 005

-2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8  Year

 

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2006

2007

200 8

200 9

2010

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D-10. GROSS FARM INCOME PER CAPITA, 2010 2010 ($) ( $) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Personalization N NO ORTH DAKOTA S SO OUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA I OWA I DAHO MINNESOTA KANSAS NEW MEXICO ARKANSAS MONTANA MISSISSIPPI WASHINGTON CALI FORNIA

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3,936 2,918 1,887 1,545 980 792 751 471 443 432 417 358 338

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14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

WISCONSI N I NDI ANA I LLINOIS MISSOURI OREGON NORTH CAROLINA VERMONT UNITED STATES WYOMI NG GEORGIA LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA COLORADO HAWAII MICHIGAN ALABAMA OHIO DELAWARE KENTUCKY TEXAS MAINE FLORIDA ARIZONA SOUTH CAROLINA

330 307 285 277 268 265 256 240 203 189 188 187 186 184 175 169 168 165 151 148 145 115 104 92

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

PENNSYLVANIA UTAH NEW YORK MARYLAND NEVADA CONNECTI CUT NEW JERSEY VIRGINIA TENNESSEE NEW HAMPSHIRE MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND ALASKA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WEST VIRGINIA

90 69 62 55 50 44 38 32 24 22 19 16 12 0 –38

 S   er   i    s   eD –  G  e  n  er   a  l   F   i    n  a  n  c  i    a  l   R   e  s   o  u r   c  e  s  2 

Bureau of Economic Analysis (2012).

 9 

 

 

Seri Se ries es E—Govern E—Governmental mental Re Revenue venue

R

evenue of state and local governments,  principally revenue generated through This website stores dataissuch as taxation, the subject of the tables in Series cookiesE.to These enable tables essential site contain comparative information functionality, as well as marketing, about the amounts and significance of selected tax personalization, and analytics. You sources bysettings state, providing insight intoavailable the financial may change your at any time resources of government that are for or accept the default settings.

financing public education.

General revenue, own-source revenue, and tax collections are presented for state and local governments in this series. Revenue data are Marketing expressed on a per capita basis or as a proportion of Personalization state personal income. The latter expression, found in Tables E-2, E-4, E-8, E-11, E-14, and E-15, Analytics indicates that for every $1,000 of personal income in a state, a certain amount Save Accept All of revenue (e.g., sales tax revenue) is generated. This is referred to as the tax effort of government units and also can be

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computed for expenditure categories, as shown in Series G and H. Tables E-12 through E-15 feature state revenue from general sales and from individual income taxes, on a per capitaPlease basis note and that per $1,000 expressed of state personal income. low amounts appear for several states, indicating that those taxes are restricted in some fashion. Please consult references on state tax characteristicss for clarifying information. characteristic The historical trend of state and local tax collections per $1,000 of personal income is shown in Figure E for 2000–2010. State and local shares show little annual variation; given these constant relationships, it is easy to see why economic growth is the key to substantive improvement in education finance (Tables E-4, E-11).

Figur e E. E. Ann ual State and and Local L ocal Taxes per $1,000 $1,000 of Person al Income, 2000– 2000–10 10 Tables E-1 to E-15 E-15 E-1. E-2.

Per Capita General Revenue of all State and Local Governments, 2009–10 ($) General Revenue of State and Local Govts from Own Sources, 2009–10, per $1,000 of Personal Income, 2010 ($)

E-3. E-4. E-5. E-6.

Per Capita Tax Revenue of State and Local Governments, 2009–10 ($) State and Local Tax Revenue in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income, 2010 ($) Per Capita Property Tax Revenue of State and Local Governments, 2009–10 ($) Per Capita Property Tax Revenue of Local Governments, 2009–10 ($)

E-7.

Property Tax Revenue of State and Local Governments as Percentage of Total Tax Revenue, 2009–10

E-8. E-9. E-10. E-11. E-12.

State and Local Property Tax Revenue in 2009–10 per $1,000 in Personal Income, 2010 ($) Per Capita State Tax Revenue, 2009–10 ($) Per Capita Local Tax Revenue, 2009–10 ($) State Tax Revenue in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($) Per Capita State Individual Income Tax Revenue, 2009–10 ($)

30

 

 

Series E – Governmental Revenue

E-13. E-14.

Per Capita State General Sales Tax Revenue, 2009–10 ($) State Individual Income Tax Revenue in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($) State General Sales Tax Revenue in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($)

E-15.

Figure E. Annual State and and Local Taxes per $1,000 of Personal Income, 2000–10 This website stores data such as 120 cookies to enable essential site functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You may change your settings at any time 100 or accept the default settings. 80   r Privacy Policy  s

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Local

31 

2 00 000

2001

 

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2002

2 00 003

2004

2005  Year

20 06 06

2007

2008

20 09 09

2010

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E-13.Marketing PER CAPITA STATE GENERAL SALES TAX REVENUE, 2009–10 2009– 10 ($) ( $) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 14.

HAWAII WASHINGTON WYOMI NG FLORIDA TENNESSEE MISSISSIPPI NEVADA MICHIGAN I NDI ANA SOUTH DAKOTA NEW JERSEY ARKANSAS NORTH DAKOTA CONNECTI CUT

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E-14. STATE INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX REVENUE IN 2009–10 PER $1,000 OF PERSONAL INCOME IN 2010 ($) 1,703 1,429 1,400 986 966 960 948 937 916 912 898 897 897 880

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1. 3. 4. 7. 8. 11. 12.

NEW YORK OREGON MASSACHUSETTS CALIFORNIA CONNECTI CUT MINNESOTA NORTH CAROLINA HAWAII MAI NE WISCONSI N WEST VIRGINIA DELAWARE KANSAS UTAH

 3   6 

E-15. STATE GENERAL SALES TAX REVENUE IN 2009–10 PER $1,000 OF PERSONAL INCOME IN 2010 ($) 36 36 30 29 29 29 28 27 27 27 26 24 24 24

1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 9. 11. 12. 14.

HAWAII WASHINGTON MISSISSIPPI WYOMI NG ARKANSAS INDIANA MICHIGAN TENNESSEE FLORIDA NEVADA NEW MEXI CO IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA

 

41 34 31 31 28 27 27 27 26 26 25 23 23 21

R   a  n  k   i    n  g  s   o  f    t    h   e  S   t    a  t    e  s  2   0 

15. 16.

CALI FORNIA MINNESOTA

837 835

18. 19. 20. 21.

TNEEXW ASMEXICO RHODE ISLAND KANSAS MAINE UNITED STATES I DAHO NEBRASKA MASSACHUSETTS I OWA WISCONSI N ARIZONA MARYLAND KENTUCKY PENNSYLVANIA OHIO WEST VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA UTAH LOUISIANA NEW YORK I LLINOIS OKLAHOMA GEORGIA VERMONT MISSOURI VIRGINIA ALABAMA COLORADO ALASKA DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MONTANA NEW HAMPSHIRE OREGON

88 32 5 7 758 754 745 721 719 716 706 697 694 690 650 644 632 629 624 614 613 593 569 545 535 525 502 497 487 443 439 408 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

16. 18.

22.

26. 28. 30. 33. 34. 37. 38. 40. 42.

U.S. Census Bureau (2012d) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Analys is ((2012). 2012).

VI RGINIA IOWA

24 23

NREK W JESRA SSEY A AN IDAHO KENTUCKY MARYLAND GEORGIA MONTANA NEBRASKA RHODE ISLAND MISSOURI VERMONT UNITED STATES COLORADO OHI O INDIANA PENNSYLVANI A SOUTH CAROLINA OKLAHOMA ALABAMA ILLINOIS MICHIGAN MISSISSI PPI LOUISIANA NEW MEXICO ARIZONA NORTH DAKOTA NEW HAMPSHI RE TENNESSEE ALASKA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA NEVADA SOUTH DAKOTA TEXAS WASHINGTON WYOMING

2 23 2 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 20 20 19 19 19 18 18 18 17 16 16 16 15 14 14 11 11 1 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Computed from fr om U U.S. .S. Census Bureau (2012d) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Analysis (2012). (2012).

15.

23. 24.

31. 32. 34. 37. 38.

43. 44.

ARIZONA CALIFORNIA KA NTSUAC SKY K EN MAI NE MINNESOTA TEXAS WEST VIRGI NIA SOUTH CAROLINA UNITED STATES IOWA NEBRASKA NEW JERSEY NORTH CAROLINA RHODE ISLAND UTAH WISCONSIN OHI O CONNECTICUT PENNSYLVANIA GEORGIA LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA MASSACHUSETTS ALABAMA ILLINOIS MARYLAND MISSOURI VERMONT NEW YORK COLORADO VIRGINIA ALASKA DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MONTANA NEW HAMPSHI RE OREGON

20 20

1  2 

2 20 0 20 20 20 20 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 16 16 15 15 15 14 13 13 13 13 13 11 10 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Computed frfrom om U U.S. .S. Census Bureau (2012d) and Bureau of Economic Analysi Analysiss (2012).

 

 

Series F—School Revenue

S

eries F tables compare states on their sources of public school revenue. Funds received by  public school districts from federal, state, and This website stores data such as local sources are listed for each state and are cookies to enable essential site expressed relation to the number of students in functionality, as well asinmarketing, personalization, and analytics. You each state,to tothethe state’s personal income, according percentage distribution across and the may change your settings at any time three government or accept the default settings. sources.

Tables F-5 and F-6 examine each state’s relative Privacy Policy  position with regard to school revenues per $1,000

of state personal income. These measures, as with

Marketing the examples in Series E, make it easier to compare

the effort of government units to provide financial Personalization support

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for

public

school

programs

through

measurement of that support with the common denominator of personal income. Please see page 97 for additional information  provided by the state education departments to help explain tables. data reported for their states in Series F Figure F displays school revenues by source–state, local, and federal. Throughout the past 10 years, state and local governments have each provided  between 43 and a nd 49 percent of the total. The federal contribution has ranged from 7.7 to 11.7 percent over that same period of time (Tables F-8, F-10, and F-12).

Figur e F. Ann ual School Schoo l Revenue Revenue by Sourc e, 2002–1 2002–12 2 Accept All

Tables F-1 to F-13 F-1.

Public School Revenue per Student in Fall Enrollment, 2010–11 (Revised) ($)

F-2. F-3. F-4. F-5. F-6.

Public School Revenue per Student in Fall Enrollment, 2011–12 ($) Public School Revenue per Student in Average Daily Attendance, 2010–11 (Revised) ($) Public School Revenue per Student in Average Daily Attendance, 2011–12 ($) Public School Revenue in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($) State and Local Revenue for Public Schools in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($)

F-7.

Percentage of Revenue for Public K–12 Schools from Local Governments, 2010–11 (Revised)

F-8. F-9.

Percentage of Revenue for Public K–12 Schools from Local Governments, 2011–12 Percentage of Revenue for Public K–12 Schools from State Governments, 2010–11 (Revised)

F-10. F-11.

Percentage of Revenue for Public K–12 Schools from State Governments, 2011–12 Percentage of Revenue for Public K–12 Schools from Federal Government, 2010–11 (Revised)

F-12. F-13.

Percentage of Revenue for Public K–12 Schools from Federal Government, 2011–12 Local Public School Revenue as a Percentage of Combined State and Local School Revenue, 2011–12

37

 

38  

 Rankings of the States 2012 

Fi Figure gure F. Annual School Revenue Revenue by Source, 2002–12 60 Local

S t a te

Fe de ral

50 40    t This website   n stores data such as   e 30 cookies to  c   renable essential site   e functionality,    P as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You 20 may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings.

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0 Marketing

20 02 Personalization

2003

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2004

2005

2006

2007  Year

20 08

20 09

2010

2011

2012

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F-13. LOCAL PUBLIC SCHOOL REVENUE AS A PERCENTAGE OF Marketing COMBIN COMBINED ED STATE & LOCAL SCHOOL REVENUE, 2011–12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA I LLINOIS Personalization RHODE ISLAND MISSOURI NEW JERSEY Analytics NEW HAMPSHIRE SOUTH DAKOTA NEVADA NEBRASKA CONNECTI CUT VIRGINIA MAINE FLORIDA PENNSYLVANIA MASSACHUSETTS

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100.0 * 75.4 * 66.9 * 66.2 * 65.4 * 64.6 * 63.5 61.9 * 60.8 60.2 * 58.9 * 58.6 * 58.5 58.3 * 55.3

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16.

NORTH DAKOTA

55.2

1 17 8.. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

C TEO XLAO SRADO MARYLAND GEORGIA NEW YORK WISCONSI N SOUTH CAROLINA I OWA OHIO UNITED STATES OREGON LOUISIANA TENNESSEE MONTANA KENTUCKY OKLAHOMA ARIZONA UTAH ARKANSAS WYOMI NG KANSAS MISSISSIPPI I NDI ANA ALABAMA CALI FORNIA WASHINGTON NORTH CAROLINA DELAWARE WE WEST VIRGINIA ALASKA MICHIGAN I DAHO NEW MEXICO MINNESOTA VERMONT HAWAII MEDIAN RANGE SDEV. CV

53 4..4 5 5 53.1 * 53.0 * 50.7 * 50.3 * 49.9 49.8 49.4 * 48.8 * 47.2 46.8 45.7 44.9 * 44.2 44.2 * 42.4 * 42.4 * 42.3 42.2 39.6 39.2 * 38.9 36.8 34.9 34.3 * 33.0 32.8 * 31.2 * 27.6 * 21.5 21.1 * 20.5 14.1 * 4.8 * 1.8 47.2 98.2 17.6 37.8

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 32. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

 S   er   i    e  s  F  –  S   c  h   o  o  l   R   e  v  e  n  u  e 4   3 

Computed from NEA Research, Estimates Database (2012).

 

 

Series G—Government Expenditures

S

tate and local government spending characteristics provide useful comparative information about the resources, needs, and  priorities for public services. Expenditures for government programs vary across states for many This website stores data such as and state-by-state comparisons should be cookiesreasons, to enable essential site made as while the particular factors for each functionality, well keeping as marketing,

income in selected tables provides an opportunity to compare the relative “effort” of government units to fund various types of programs, including  public education. educ ation.

personalization, analytics. You state inandmind—demographic,  political f actors factors are ar eatbut few. fe w. may change your settings anya time or accept the default settings.

expenditures increased by 59.5 percent from 2000 to 2010, whereas capital outlay and interest on debt increased 78.1 percent. Adjusted for for inflation, they they increased 25.0 percent and 39.6 percent, respectively.. Over this same period, respectively period, the ratio ratio of general expenditures to capital outlay and debt has decreased from 5.7 to 1 to 5.1 to 1. Education expenditures are included in these totals (Tables G3, G-10, G-11).

economic,

and

Tables in Series G describe spending by state governments and by state and local governments Privacycombined. Policy Expenditure data are expressed on a per capita basis, allowing closer comparison of the Marketing differences in levels and objects of state government spending, as well as their positions Personalization relative to the U.S. average. Use of state personal

Per capita expenditures of state and local governments are shown in Figure G. General

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Figure G. Annual Per Capita State and Local Government Expenditures, 2000–10

Tables G 1 to G 12 G-1. Per Capita Total General Expenditures of State Governments for all Functions, 2009–10 ($) G-2. State Government General Expenditures in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($) G-3. Per Capita Direct General Expenditures of State and Local Governments, 2009–10 ($) G-4. State and Local Government Direct General Expenditures in 2009–10, per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($) G-5. Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Public Welfare, 2009–10 ($) G-6. Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Health and Hospitals, 2009–10 ($) G-7. Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Police and Fire Protection,

G-8. G-9. G-10. G-11. G-12.

2009–10 Per Capita($)Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Corrections, 2009–10 ($) Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Highways, 2009–10 ($) Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Capital Outlay, 2009–10 ($) Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Interest on Debt, 2009–10 ($) Ratio of State and Local General Revenue to Total General Government Expenditures, 2009–  10 44

 

 

Series G – Government Expenditures

45 

Figure G. Annual Annu al Per Capita State a nd Local Government Gov ernment Expenditures, Expenditures, 2000–10 9,000 8,500 8,000 7,500 7,000 6,500 6,000 5,500 5,000   s   r This website stores data such as   a 4,500    l    l cookies to enable   o essential site 4,000    D functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You 3,500 may change your settings 3,000 at any time or accept the default settings. 2,500 2,000 1,500 Privacy Policy 1,000 Marketing 500 Personalization0 200 0 200 1 Analytics Save

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General expenditures Capital and debt

2002

2003

2 004

2005  Year

2006

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2008

20 09

20 10

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Series Se ries H School Expendit xpenditures ures

xpenditures for elementary and secondary schools and for higher education can serve as indicators of state and local government “effort” to fund these services. Measures used to compare states on spending for education include current expenditures per student in Fall Enrollment (ENR) or Average Daily Attendance (ADA). In Section H, school expenditure data are displayed in relation to state population and state  personal income and as percentages of total state expenditures or as proportions of national averages.

E

Expenditure data are shown for elementary and secondary (K–12) schools. Knowledge about  public education systems and their funding

characteristics is required to make fair comparisons of state and local government financial support of education relative to that found in other states. See page 97 for additional information provided by the state education departments. Combined per capita education expenditures of state and local governments are shown in Figure H. Between 2000 and 2010 expenditures for elementary and secondary education increased 12.4 percent and higher education expenses increased 29.2 percent, in real dollars. The ratio of elementary and secondary expenditures to higher education expenditures is 2.4 to 1 (Tables H-7, H-8).

Figur e H. Ann ual per Capit Capit a State and Local Expend itu res, 2000 2000–10 –10 Tables H-1 to H-19

 

H-1. H-2.

Per Capita State Government Expenditures for all Education, 2009–10 ($) State Government Expenditures for all Education in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income in 2010 ($)

H-3. H-4.

Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for all Education, 2009–10 ($) State and Local Government Expenditures for all Education in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Per-

H-5.

sonal Income in 2010 State and Local Government Expenditures for all Education as a Percentage of Direct General Expenditures for All Functions, 2009–10

H-6.

Local Expenditures as Percentage of State and Local Expenditures for Public Higher Education Institutions, 2009–10

H-7. H-8.

Per Capita State and Local Government Expenditures for Higher Education, 2009–10 ($) Per Capita Expenditures of State and Local Governments for Public K–12 Schools, 2009–  10 ($)

H-9.

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Fall Enrollment, 2010–11 (Revised) ($)

H-10.

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Fall Enrollment as Percentage of National Average, 2010–11 (Revised)

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Series H—School Expenditures

Personalization H-11. Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Fall Enrollment, 2011–12 ($)

H-12. Analytics

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Fall Enrollment as Percentage of National Average, 2011–12

Save H-13.

Accept CurrentAll Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools in 2009–10 per $1,000 of Personal Income

in 2010 H-14.

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Average Daily Attendance,

51 

2010–11 (Revised) ($) H-15.

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Average Daily Attendace as Percentage of National Average, 2010–11 (Revised)

H-16.

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Average Daily Attendance, 2011–12 ($)

H-17.

Current Expenditures for Public K–12 Schools per Student in Average Daily Attendance as Percentage of National Average, 2011–12

H-18.

Per Capita State and Local Government Capital Spending for Higher Education Institutions, 2009–10 ($)

H-19.

Per Capita State and Local Government Capital Spending for Public K–12 Schools, 2009–  10 ($)

Figure H. Annual Annua l Per Capita State and Local Loca l Education Expenditures, 2000–10 2000– 10 2,200 2,100 2,000 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300   s   r 1,200   a    l    l 1,100   o    D 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 200 0

 

Elementary/Secondary Higher Education

200 1

2002

2003

2 004

2005  Year

 

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  H-19. H-19. PER CAPI CAPITA TA STATE & LOCAL GOVER GOVERNMENT NMENT CAPITAL SPENDING FOR PUBLIC K–12 SCHOOLS, 2009–10 ($) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 24. 2 25 6.. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

WYOMI NG DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA KANSAS ALASKA TEXAS NEW YORK NEW MEXICO UTAH I OWA SOUTH CAROLINA WASHINGTON DELAWARE NORTH DAKOTA OHIO MARYLAND ARKANSAS NEBRASKA COLORADO UNITED STATES NEW JERSEY CALI FORNIA GEORGIA MINNESOTA SOUTH DAKOTA KENTUCKY

604 542 414 335 320 315 308 278 266 261 225 215 212 212 205 204 203 201 195 194 192 187 179 179 177

P EN LVAANIA LO UN ISS IAYN VIRGINIA ALABAMA FLORIDA MISSOURI I LLINOIS HAWAII CONNECTI CUT OREGON I NDI ANA MISSISSIPPI NEVADA OKLAHOMA NORTH CAROLINA MICHIGAN MASSACHUSETTS ARIZONA MONTANA WISCONSI N MAINE VERMONT WEST VIRGINIA TENNESSEE NEW HAMPSHIRE I DAHO RHODE ISLAND MEDIAN RANGE SDEV. CV

16 79 4 1 168 164 157 155 152 151 150 150 143 142 141 140 128 122 116 112 111 110 107 103 103 97 96 86 56 169 548 105 54

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U.S. Census Bureau (2012d). K–12 = "Elemen "El ementar taryy and Secon Secondary" dary" (see Glossary).

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 5   8   

 a R   n  k   i    n  g  s   o  f    t    h   e  S   t    a  t    e  s  2   0  1  2 

 

Index Inde x tto o Rankin Rankings gs Ta Tables bles Numbers refer to tables

Average daily attendance expenditures per student, H-14, H-15, H-16, H-17 expenditures per student as percentage of national average, H15, H-17 number, B-4  percentage of fall enrollment, enroll ment, B-5  personal income per student, D-8 students per teacher, C-7 school revenue per student, F-3, F-4

Higher education capital spending, state and local government, per capita, H-18 instructional staff, C-2, C-3 instructional staff, density, C-3 local expenditures for, percentage of state and local expenditures, H-6 noninstructional staff, density, C-4 state and local expenditures for, per capita, H-7 High school graduates number of, B-6  percentage change in, B-7

Capital outlay  per capita state and local government capital spending for higher education institutions, H-18  per capita state and local loca l government capital spending for public elementary and secondary schools, H-19 state and local government expenditures, per capita, G-10

Highways state and local government expenditures for, per capita, G-9 Income See Farm income per capita; Personal income

Corrections state and local government expenditures, per capita, G-8

Instructional staff number in higher education, C-2 number in public schools, C-1 salaries, C-16 through C-22 salaries, increase in, C-20, C-21, C-22 salaries, percentage of national average, C-17, C-19

Enrollment average daily attendance as percentage of, B-5 fall, B-2  percentage change, B-3 Expenditures capital outlay, per capita, G-10 corrections, per capita, G-8 education, as percentage of total general expenditures, H-5 education, per capita, H-1, H-3, H-7, H-8, H-18, H-19 education, per $1,000 of personal income, H-2, H-4 general state government, per capita, G-1 general state government, per $1,000 of personal income, G-2 general state-local government, per capita, G-3 general state-local government/$1,000 of personal income, G4 health and hospitals, per capita, G-6 higher education, per capita, H-7 highways, per capita, G-9  police and fire protection, protection , per capita, G-7 ratio of state and local general revenue to total general govThis website stores data such as G-12 ernment expenditures, cookies to enable site school,essential per student in average daily attendance, H-14 through functionality, as H-17 well as marketing, school, $1,000 of You personal income, H-13 personalization, andper analytics. school, per student in falltime enrollment, H-6 through H-12 may change your settings at any welfare, per capita, G-5

Interest on debt state and local government expenditures for, per capita, G-11 Local and state governments combined See State and local governments combined Local governments  percentage of school revenue from, F-7, F-8  percentage of combined state and local loc al expenditures for public higher education, H-6  property tax revenue, per capita, capita , E-6 school revenue, as percentage of state-local, F-13 tax revenue, per capita, E-10 Male teachers  percentage of all teachers, teache rs, C-8  Noninstructional staff numbers in higher education per 10,000 population, C-4 Personal income general own-source revenue of state and local governments per $1,000 of, E-2  per capita, D-3  per capita change, D-5, D-6  per capita, percentage of national na tional average, D-4  per student in average daily attendance, at tendance, D-8  percentage from government enterprises, enterp rises, D-9 school expenditures per $1,000 of, H-13 school revenue per $1,000 of, F-5 state and local expenditures for education per $1,000 of, H-4

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Farm income per capita gross, D-10 Federal government

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60 

 Rankings of the States 2012 

state and local school revenue per $1,000 of, F-6 state and local tax revenue per $1,000 of, E-4 state general expenditures per $1,000 of, G-2  percent change, total, D-2  per student, fall enrollment, D-7 state general sales tax revenue per $1,000 of, E-15 state income tax revenue per $1,000 of, E-14 state tax revenue per $1,000 of, E-11 total, D-1

Staff, instructional number in higher education, C-2 number in public schools, C-1 salaries, C-16 through C-22 salaries, increase in, C-20, C-21, C-22 salaries, percentage of national average, C-17, C-19

Police protection stateand andfire local government expenditures, per capita, G-7

Staff, noninstructional number in higher education, C-4

Police protection See Police and fire protection

State and local governments combined capital outlay expenditures per capita, G-10 capital spending for higher education institutions, per capita, H-18 capital spending for public elementary and secondary schools, per capita, H-19 corrections expenditures per capita, G-8 expenditures for all education as percentage of general expenditures, H-5 expenditures for all education per capita, H-3 expenditures for all education per $1,000 of personal income, H-4 expenditures for higher education per capita, H-7 expenditures for K-12 public schools per capita, H-8 general expenditures per capita, G-3 general expenditures per $1,000 of personal income, G-4 general revenue per capita, E-1 health and hospital expenditures per capita, G-6 highway expenditures per capita, G-9 interest on debt expenditures per capita, G-11  police and fire protection protecti on expenditures per capita, G-7  property tax revenue as percentage perce ntage of total tax revenue, E-7  property tax revenue per capita, capi ta, E-5  property tax revenue per $1,000 of personal persona l income, E-8 revenue per $1,000 of personal income, E-2 (revenues from own sources, per $1,000 of personal income school revenue, local as percentage of state-local, F-13 school revenue per $1,000 of personal income, F-6 tax revenue per $1,000 of personal income, E-4 total tax revenue per capita, E-3 welfare expenditures per capita, G-5

Population age 18 to 64 as percentage of total, A-8 age 65 and older as percentage of total, A-9 age 65 and older, percentage increase, A-10 density, A-11 school age, A-5 school age, percentage of total, A-6 total, A-1, A-2 total, percentage change in, A-3, A-4 under age 18 as percentage of total, A-7 Public welfare state and local government expenditures, per capita, G-5 Students per teacher C-6, C-7 Revenue ratio of state and local general revenue to total general government expenditures, G-12 school, per $1,000 of personal income, F-5 school, per student in average daily attendance, F-3, F-4 state and local governments combined, per capita, E-1 of state and local governments from own sources, per $1,000 of personal income, E-2 See also School revenue; Tax revenue, state, local, and state and local combined Salaries instructional staff, C-16 through C-22 instructional staff, increase in, C-20, C-21, C-22 instructional staff, percentage of national average, C-17, C-19 teachers, C-9 through C-15 teachers, increase in, C-13, C-14, C-15 teachers, percentage of national average, C-10, C-12 School age population number, A-5  percentage total population, popula tion, A-6 This website storesofdata such as  personal income per child, D-7, D-8

cookies to enable essential site School as districts functionality, well as marketing, number of, B-1 personalization, and analytics. You School your expenditures may change settings at any time  per student in average daily attendance, a ttendance, H-14, H-16 or accept per thestudent default settings. in average daily dai ly attendance as percentage of national average, H-15, H-17  per student in fall enrollment, H-9 through throug h H-12

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State government expenditures for all education per capita, H-1 expenditures for all education per $1,000 of  personal income, H-2 general expenditures per capita, G-1 general expenditures per $1,000 of personal income, G-2 general sales tax revenue per capita, E-13 general sales tax revenue per $1,000 of personal income, E-15 income tax revenue per capita, E-12 income tax revenue per $1,000 of personal income, E-14  percentage of school revenue from, f rom, F-9, F-10 tax revenue per capita, E-9 tax revenue per $1,000 of personal income, E-11 Tax revenue local, per capita, E-10 local, property tax revenue per capita, E-6  property tax revenue, state and local, loc al, as percentage of total tax revenue, E-7  property tax revenue, state and local loc al per capita, E-5

 Index to Rankings Tables  61 

 property tax revenue, state and local loca l per $1,000 of personal income, E-8 state, general sales tax revenue per capita, E-13 state, general sales tax revenue per $1,000 of  personal income, E-15 state, income tax revenue per capita, E-12 state, income tax revenue per $1,000 of personal income, E-14 state, per capita, E-9 state, per $1,000 of personal income, E-11 total state and local, per capita, E-3 total state and local, per $1,000 of personal income, E-4

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Teachers number of, C-5  percentage male, C-8 students per teacher, C-6, C-7 salaries, C-9 through C-15 students ADA per teacher, C-7

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Es t i m at es 201 2013

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Technical Notes

 Estim ates of School  Estimates Schoo l Statistics Stati stics   presents public school data for the 50 states and the District of Columbia  based on survey su rvey responses of state s tate education agencies. State department of education e ducation contacts are asked to  provide estimated data for the current year (2012–13) and revisions to four years of historical data, as necessary. Therefore, data for school years 2008–09 through 2011–12 were subject to revision as a result of the 2012–13 survey. The estimated data featured in this report are for the current school year (2012–13) and the previous school year (2011–12). These data are provided on a state-by-state basis along with summary statistics for the United States over the last decade. All figures represent projections by state education agencies—or NEA Research—as of September 2012. Twice a year, NEA Research submits current-year estimates of more than 35 educational statistics to each state’s Department of Education for which verification or revision. The techniques figures submitted bytoNEA are generated using regression analyses, are standard statistical designed makeResearch predictions for the current year using numerical data from prior years. Only if an education department does not replace these projections with its own estimated data does the NEA use regression-generated figures in this report. Such NEA estimates are identified with an asterisk in the summary of state data and state-by-state tables.  National totals for average daily membership (ADM) as well as ADM-related ADM-relate d statistics are no longer included in this report because six states, comprising nearly 30 percent of total school enrollment, no longer  provide these data. Individual state ADM data d ata and a nd regional re gional totals are included as available. av ailable. Because of the th e shortcomings of ADM as a state and nationwide count, ADM has been replaced by fall enrollment (ENR) in the computation of the expenditure per pupil featured in Summary Tables J and K. Moreover, expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment, rather than in Average Daily Attendance (ADA), has become the recommended recommend ed indicator for measuring public school spending. We therefore use it in this report. Please note that throughout this publication, school years may be indicated in several equivalent ways. More specifically, the school year from September 2012 through June 2013 may be shown as “2012–13,” or it may be indicated by shorthand as “2013,” or “13.” Also, several state education agencies have This website stores data such as  provided additional information about the education data submitted for this report (see page 97). Finally, cookies to enable essential site  please note that school year 2002–03 is used as the base year for computation of most constant-dollar functionality, as well as marketing, salary, revenue, and expendit expenditure ure data. personalization, and analytics. You may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings.

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Highligh ighlights ts o off Significant De Deve velopments lopments iin n Public School Statistics

•

•

  Public school enrollment is expected to increase by 105,000 students from 2011–12 to 2012–13. Changes in the elementary grades are estimated to be 71,624, whereas secondary classes are expected to enroll about 33,158 more students. Levels of public school enrollment anticipated during the 2012–13 school year represent the 28th consecutive increase since 1985–86. Of course, changes in enrollment vary across the country, with considerable differences predicted from state to state and district to district.   To meet the increasing and changing enrollment demands of local school districts, state education departments expect expect the number of public school classroom classroom teachers to increas increasee by 25,000, from 2011–12 to 2012–13. Implications for local school district finances are varied. But clearly they may  present serious challenges to existing school finance relationships at the state and local levels as districts prepare to meet needs generated by increased enrollment and additional school personnel.

•

•

•

•

  Based on trends, the NEA estimates that the average classroom teacher salary for 2012–13 will increase by 1.7 percent over over 2011–12, from $55,418 $55,418 to $56,383. $56,383. The national av average erage salary, although useful as a benchmark statistic, hides vast differences among states, with statewide averages likewise clouding significant local variations.   Expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment should increase by 2.2 percent to $11,068 in 2012–13, up from $10,834 in 2011–12. This compares with a 2.4 percent increase in total current expenditures.   State governments still provide the largest share of public school financial support—45.8 percent estimated for 2012–13—similar to the revised figure of 45.8 percent in 2011–12. Once again, differences between states are considerable, reflecting differences in state and local revenue systems, demographic characteristics, and program priorities, to name but a few factors.   For 2012–13, the federal government’s contribution to public elementary and secondary school revenues is expected to be 10.1 percent, versus the revised figure of 10.5 percent in 2011–12.

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65 

66 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Highlightss Table 1. 2012–13 versus 2011–12: Esti Highlight Estima mate tess for 50 States and D.C. Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Districts Highlight item 1 Basic administrative units Total districts Operating districts Nonoperating districts Student enrollmen enroll mentt Fall total Elementary Secondary Average daily attendance Number of high school graduates Instructional staff Total in insstructional staff (cla lass ssrroom teachers and othe herrs) All classroom teachers Elementary school Secondary school Men teachers

Change Amount Percent 4 5

15,822 15,525 297

15,800 15,504 296

22 21 1

0.1 0.1 0.3

49,326,517 30,600,879 18,725,638 47,659,152 3,272,389

49,221,735 30,529,255 18,692,479 47,387,743 3,207,689

104,782 71,624 33,158 271,410 64,701

0 0..2 0.2 0.2 0.6 2.0

3,562,721 3,108,531 1,791,050 1,317,481 740,869

3,524,220 3,083,266 1,776,856 1,306,411 735,846

38,500 25,265 14,194 11,071 5,023

1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

2,4 35 64 7,,1 68 69 2

2,4 34 40 7,,9 45 24 0

259,631 194,559

248,096 192,858

23 0,,2 23 45 2 1 11,535 1,701

0..0 9 3 4.6 0.9

58,315 56,383 55,747 57,243

57,218 55,418 54,704 56,226

1,097 965 1,043 1,017

1.9 1.7 1. 1.9 1. 1.8

636,392,560 601,387,075 60,459,889 275,321,775 265,605,411

622,998,762 587,990,523 61,597,393 269,520,409 256,872,721

13,393,798 13,396,553 –1,137,504 5,801,367 8,732,690

2.1 2.3 –1.8 2.2 3.4

Total nonrevenue receipts 35,005,485 Expenditures ($ thousands) Total expenditures 623,486,082 Curre rrent expen xpend dititur urees, eleme ementa tarry and se seccon onda dary ry day day sc scho hool ols 545 45,9 ,94 46,2 ,20 02 This website stores data such as Current expenditures for other programs operated by local cookiessch scto hoenable ol distrriicts c ts essential (e (e.g .g.., commusite nity ser services, c es, adult educa catition) 10,0 10,06 66,824 functionality, Capital as outlawell y as marketing, 46,170,584 personalization, You Interest on scand hool danalytics. ebt 21,302,472 may change your settings at any time Current expendit expenditures, ures, elem el ementary entary and secondary day schoo schools ls per p er pupil or accept In athe veragdefault e daily atsettings. tendance 11,455 In fall enrollment 11,068

35,008,239

–2,755

–0.0

609,976,634 533,2 33,28 85,0 ,03 38

13,509,448 12,6 ,66 61,1 ,16 64

2.2 2.4

9,870,171 46,468,645 20,352,780

196 196,653 –298,061 949,692

2.0 –0.6 4.7

11,254 10,834

201 234

1.8 2.2

{ {

chnearlsstaff All otW heorminesntrutecatio Nonsupervisory instructional staff Principals and supervisors Average annual annual salaries ($) Instructional staff All classroom teachers Elementary school Secondary school Receipts ($ thousands) Total receipts Total revenue receipts Federal State Local, intermediate, and other

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School year 2012–13 2011–12 2 3

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Highlights  Highlights 

67 

Highl ighlight ightss Table 2. Sum Summary mary o off Selec Selected ted Estimates D Data ata for 2012–13

Region and state U.S. and D.C.

Total ($'000) 1 601,387,075 *

Alabama 7,041,303 * Alaska 2,510,973 Arizona 11,248,909 * Arkansas 5,241,564 * California 68,362,587 * Colorado 9,050,678 Connectic icut ut 10,189,762 * Delaware 2,273,661 * D.C. 965,992 * Florida 24,514,345 Georgia 18,332,256 * Hawaii 2,625,451 Idaho 2,749,263 * Illiino nois 27,224,959 * Indiana 11,852,727 Iowa 5,725,022 Kansas 5,815,124 * Kentucky 6,058,603 Louisiana 8,087,472 * Maine 3,095,580 * Marylan land 14,133,558 * Massachusetts 16,721,042 Michigan 15,024,192 Min innneso sota ta 11,034,714 * Mis isssis isssippi 4,372,001 * Mis isso souuri 11,741,889 * Montan tana 1,614,943 * Nebraska 3,197,655 * Nevada 3,587,341 * New Hampsh shiire 3,1 ,144 44,7 ,78 85 * New Jerse seyy 26,6 ,613 13,2 ,28 80 * New Mexico 3,797,928 New York 52,766,872 * North Carolin ina a 13,883,587 North Dakota 1,241,466 Ohio 19,073,213 * Oklahoma 6,374,889 * Oregon 6,671,824 * ennsy sylv lva andata ia such3as 1,8 ,847 47,1 ,13 36 * This websitePstores R h o d e I s l a n d 2 ,3 ,37 7 5 , 2 08 * cookies to enable essential site outhwell Caroas linamarketing, 8,159,833 functionality, Sas South Dakota 1,330,874 * personalization, Tenneand ssee analytics. 9You ,060,674 * may change Tyour exas settings at any 47,0time 69,698 or accept theUdefault settings. 5,134,585 * tah Vermont 1,933,854 * Vir irg gin iniia 15,901,432 * Wash shiington 12,5 ,548 48,4 ,45 53 * Privacy Policy West Virgin inia ia 3,6 ,69 96,405 * Wis iscconsin 12,731,302 * Marketing WyomiCurrent ng NEA Estimates 1,636 ,211 Source: database. Personalization

 

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Revenue receipts State and State as % of local ($'000) state + local 2 3 540,927,186 * 50.9 * 6,205,786 * 2,137,061 10,370,015 * 4,524,136 * 61,066,059 8,264,256 9,433,2 ,22 27 * 2,107,475 * 860,405 * 21,638,600 16,450,361 * 2,355,937 2,495,420 * 23,523,2 ,21 14 * 10,757,715 * 5,260,732 5,354,993 * 5,091,261 6,841,137 * 2,729,024 * 13,178,2 ,22 20 * 15,821,042 13,075,545 10,429,2 ,20 04 * 3,699,353 * 10,477,1 ,13 30 * 1,404,715 * 2,939,244 * 3,291,169 * 2,9 ,97 72,8 ,806 06 * 25,7 ,78 89,9 ,940 40 * 3,135,874 47,889,2 ,225 25 * 12,335,156 1,123,103 17,214,887 * 5,152,811 * 5,782,342 * 29,9 ,99 92,0 ,066 66 * 2,203,9 ,96 60 * 7,162,338 1,108,948 * 7,745,791 * 41,789,355 4,588,781 * 1,783,210 * 14,888,2 ,241 41 * 10,9 ,94 46,6 ,643 43 * 3,182,4 ,41 12 * 10,858,6 ,65 53 * 1,498,206

Local as % of total 4 44.2 *

63.7 * 72.4 57.8 * 56.9 * 63.8 45.5 39. 9.6 6* 66.8 * 0.0 * 44.9 46.7 * 97.6 80.3 * 23. 3.7 7* 62.2 * 50.2 60.0 * 55.8 53.2 * 41.0 * 47. 7.5 5* 45.1 78.5 86. 6.4 4* 60.1 * 33. 3.4 4* 55.3 * 39.2 * 38.8 * 34. 4.7 7* 34. 4.1 1* 78.9 49. 9.3 3* 63.1 45.5 50.9 * 55.3 * 52.3 * 42. 2.1 1* 32. 2.4 4* 48.5 36.1 * 54.8 * 43.5 57.3 * 95.0 * 40. 0.6 6* 65. 5.3 3* 68. 8.9 9* 48. 8.8 8*

32.0 * 23.5 38.9 * 37.2 * 32.3 * 49.8 55.9 * 30.8 * 89.1 * 48.6 47.8 * 2.2 17.9 * 65.9 * 34.4 * 45.7 36.8 * 37.1 39.6 * 52.0 * 48.9 * 52.0 18.7 12.8 * 33.7 * 59.4 * 38.9 * 55.9 * 56.2 * 61.7 * 63.8 * 17.5 46.0 * 32.8 49.3 44.3 * 36.2 * 41.4 * 54.6 * 62.8 * 45.2 53.3 * 38.6 * 50.1 38.2 * 4.6 * 55.6 * 30.3 * 26.8 * 43.7 *

56.5

39.8

Current Current expenditures expenditures Average ssalaries alaries Amount Per pupil Instructional Classroom ($'000) in ENR staff  teachers 5 6 7 8 545,946,202 * 11,068 * 58,315 * 56,383 * 6,458,20 ,200 * 8,779 * 2,327, 366 18,192 * 7,433,86 ,868 * 6,949 * 6,247,27 ,276 * 13,215 * 56,915,20 ,201 * 9,202 * 8,858, 90 907 10,199 * 9,028,76 ,768 * 16,272 * 1,951,60 ,607 * 14,890 * 1,095, 08 081 * 1 14 4,406 * 22,894, 20 208 8,637 * 16,439,00 ,002 * 9,654 * 2,052, 903 11,569 * 2,507,77 ,772 * 8,528 * 26,939,24 ,240 * 12,927 * 11,596,95 ,959 * 11,129 * 4,705, 660 9,411 * 4,711,61 ,613 * 9,689 * 6,551, 319 9,891 * 7,302,34 ,349 * 10,310 * 1,909,04 ,049 * 10,414 * 13,091,83 ,838 * 15,287 * 14,510,87 ,878 15,211 * 21,125,30 ,306 * 13,686 * 9,809,35 ,355 * 11,632 * 4,612,17 ,173 * 9,427 * 9,152,00 ,005 * 10,093 * 1,477,84 ,848 * 10,645 * 2,917,39 ,392 * 9,621 * 4,062,64 ,646 * 8,501 * 2,90 ,906,38 ,389 * 15,3 5,394 * 26,19 ,191,27 ,279 * 19,2 9,291 * 3,499,61 ,613 10,397 * 50,557,87 ,879 * 19,523 * 12,105,59 ,598 8,433 * 847,97 ,971 8,849 * 18,565,44 ,446 * 9,941 * 5,689,58 ,583 * 8,481 * 6,290,25 ,253 * 11,254 * 25,15 ,154,45 ,459 * 14,4 4,467 * 2,371,52 ,526 * 17,666 * 6,441,80 ,807 8,898 * 1,185,18 ,183 * 9,347 * 8,519,03 ,030 * 8,695 * 39,781, 058 7,886 * 4,338,08 ,085 * 7,129 * 1,626,5 ,53 31 * 19,752 * 14,522,57 ,578 * 11,457 * 10,81 ,819,77 ,774 * 10,3 0,313 * 3,419,26 ,263 * 12,116 * 10,926,61 ,614 * 12,555 * 1,500, 49 494

16,577 *

49,875 6 66 6,919 49,885 * 50,950 * 70,087 * 52,147 * 69,766 * 63,256 * 70,906 * 4 48 8,262 55,383 55 55,757 51,837 * 59,113 * 51,484 * 53,886 * 48,759 * 5 52 2,498 53,960 * 50,000 69,173 * 73,129 61,560 61,307 * 45,519 * 51,228 * 50,003 * 48,931 56,433 * 55,59 ,599 * 72,99 ,990 * 48,885 * 76,865 * 45,947 49,159 * 61,266 * 45,994 61,389 * 65,24 ,240 * 68,821 * 50,598 * 41,264 50,607 * 5 50 0,901 51,572 * 60,697 * 51,785 * 56,50 ,509 * 48,507 * 58,999 *

47,949 65,468 49,885 * 46,632 * 69,324 * 49,844 * 69,766 * 59,679 * 70,906 * 46,944 52,880 54,300 49,734 * 59,113 * 51,456 51,528 * 47,464 * 50,326 51,381 * 48,119 65,265 * 73,129 61,560 56,268 * 41,994 * 47,517 * 49,999 * 48,931 55,957 * 55,59 ,599 * 68,7 ,79 97 * 4 46 6,573 * 75,279 * 45,947 47,344 * 58,092 * 44,128 58,758 * 63,5 ,52 21 * 63,474 * 4 47 7,924 * 39,580 48,289 * 48,110 49,393 * 52,526 * 49,869 * 53,5 ,57 71 * 46,405 * 55,171 *

6 60 0,003

57,920

68 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Highli ghts Figure 1. Ten-Y Ten-Year ear Trends i n Pub Public lic Education Da Data, ta, 20 2003 03–20 –2013 13 Secondary Enrollment (Millions) (Millions)

Ele Elementary mentary Enrollment (Mi llions) llions)

Total Fall Enrollment Enrollment ( Millions) Millions) 60

60

60

50

50

50

40

40

40

30 20

30 20

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10

10

10 0

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0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

 

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Classroom Teachers (Millions) (Millions)

Instructional Staff (Millions)

Number of School Districts 16,000

 

4.00

4.00

3.50

3.50

3.00

3.00

2.50

2.50

15,750 15,500 15,250 15,000 14,750 14,500 14,250 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

 

Average Dailysuch Attendance This website stores data as (Millions) cookies to60enable essential site functionality, as well as marketing, 50 personalization, and analytics. You 40 may change your settings at any time or accept30 the default settings.

550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

20 10

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03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

 

Expenditure per Pupil Enrolled ($)

Current Expenditures ($ Billions)

12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

06 07 08 09 10 11 1 12 2 13

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280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

 

 

Federal Revenues ($ Billions)

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

 

State Revenue ($ Billions)

Local Revenues ($ Billions)

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2.00

2.00

14,000

 

 

 

1. Ge Genera nerall A Admi dminis nistration tration

E

districts since 1998 is largely attributable to new charter schools that are designated by states as separate districts. Figures for the 50 states and the District of Columbia appear in Summary Table A. By region (Table 1.2), the Great Lakes states have the highest number of operating school districts (3,529) in the nation. States leading the nation with respect to the number of operating school districts for 2012–13 are Texas (1,234), California (1,042), and Ohio (1,016).

ach state has a state department of education (headed by a chief state school officer) that exercises general control over public elementary and secondary schools. Many states,  particularly  particularl y those with a large number of small school districts, have intermediate administrative units operating between the state and the local levels. These intermediate units provide various types of consulting and statistical services. They also perform regulatory and inspection functions for the state. In addition, some intermediate units also operate specialized schools for vocational or special education.

Table 1.1 Ten–Year Trend in Total Number of School Districts, 2003–13

The local school district is the basic administrative unit for the operation of elementary and secondary schools or for contracting for school services. The governing body of the district is the school board, and the chief administrative officer is the superintendent of schools.

School year 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13

School Districts The administration and operation of public schools across the country are organized in diverse ways. The diversity comes from the fact that each state legislature governs individually based on local history, economics, and politics. A school district may operate a school system for all or for some of itsstores children school district), or it may This website data (operating such as other districts (nonoperati ng cookies to  pay enable essential sitefor these services (nonoperating functionality, as welldistrict). as marketing, school School districts range from large personalization, and analytics. You that serve thousands of metropolitan systems may change your settings at any time rural districts that serve students to one-school or accept the default fewer thansettings. 30 students (Table 1.1). The number of school districts has declined

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15,822 in 2012–13. Primarily, this trend reflects Marketing

contrast, the Southeast states contain 24.6 percent of total enrollment but educate them in 10.5 percent of the nation’s districts.

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Of the 15,822 school districts estimated for 2012–  13, 15,525 (98.1%) are operating school districts; 297 do not operate their own school facilities but transfer students to other districts on a tuition basis. The comparison by region for fall 2012 demonstrates the variation in the organization of school districts and the distribution of enrollment  by region. For example, the Plains region features 14.5 percent of the nation’s operating districts and educates 6.6 percent of the nation’s students. By

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School districts 15,759 15,760 15,731 15,730 15,509 15,625 15,757 15,782 15,761 15,800 15,822

69 

70 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Table 1.2 Regional Totals for Operating School Districts, 2012–13 Operating school districts Number Percentage of total

Region

NeidwEEansgt land 1,,8 38 26 7 M 1 Southeast 1,630 Great Lakes 3,529 Plains 2,256 Southwest 2,471 Rocky Mountains 821 Far West * 1,605 Total, 50 States and D.C. 15,525 * Includes Alaska and Hawaii.

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Estimated fall 2012 enrollment Number Percentage of total

8..1 5 12 10.5 22.7 14.5 15.9 5.3 10.3

2,,7 04 99 7,,5 40 7 6 57 12,110,784 7,407,471 3,262,319 7,122,043 2,000,571 8,576,212

4..7 3 13 24.6 15.0 6.6 14.4 4.1 17.4

100.0

49,326,517

100.0  

 

2. Student Students s

F

all enrollments, average daily attendance, and—to a lesser extent—average daily membership are basic measurements of student participation in public schools. Estimates of fall enrollments by state are shown in Summary Table B for 2011–12 and 2012–13. The figures for the 50 states and the District of Columbia on average daily attendance, average daily membership, and the number of high school graduates are shown in Summary Table C for 2011–12 and in Summary Table D for 2012–13.

Implications for the demand for public school teachers and other education personnel are obvious: Education expenditure decisions by state and local governments will need to satisfy expanding resource demands associated with this enrollment growth (Table (Table 2.1). Yearly changes changes in enrollment enrollment are depicted in Figure 2.1. Changes in enrollment at the elementary level account for 68.4 percent of the overall difference in student participation participation this year. The 10-year trend in elementary enrollment since 2002–03 is illustrated in Table 2.2.

Fallll Enrollment in Public Schools Fa Of all the variables featured in this report, enrollment is being monitored most closely. Media accounts and research literature have been alerting educators, policymakers, and the public that enrollment increases will continue in this century. Moreover, state education agency figures for 1985–  86 signaled the end of an era of enrollment decline and the beginning of an upward trend in public school enrollment for most states.

Public school enrollment at the secondary level for the years 2002–03 through 2012–13 is featured in Table 2.3. Enrollment in secondary schools registered a 0.2 percent increase in 2012–13 from the previous year (Table 2.3).

Table 2.2 Ten–Year Trend in Total Public Elementary School Enrollment, 2003–13

Table 2.1 Ten–Year Trend in Total Public School Enrollment, Enrollm ent, 2003–13  Y  Ye ear 200such 2–03as This website stores data cookies to enable essential 2003–site 04 functionality, as well as marketing, 2004–05 personalization, and analytics. You 2005at –0any 6 time may change your settings 006–07 or accept the default 2 settings. 2007–08 2008–09 Privacy Policy 2009–10 2010–11 Marketing 2011–12 Personalization 2012–13 Analytics

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Tota Totall ffal alll en enroll rollm ment ent 47,798,702 48,150,528 48,413,557 48,723,869 48,859,837 49,011,478 48,982,157 49,127,316 49,178,501 49,221,735 49,326,517

 Y  Ye ear 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13   71 

Elem Elemen enta tarry enro enrolllm lme ent 29,577,015 29,614,562 29,630,186 29,736,546 29,762,020 29,929,994 30,296,955 30,423,349 30,487,362 30,529,255 30,600,879

72 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Table 2.3 Ten–Year Trend in Total Public Secondary School Enrollment, Enrollment, 2003–13  Ye  Year 2002–03

 Aver  Av erage age Dai l y A Att tt end an ance ce The average daily attendance (ADA) for the school year is the total number of students that actually were present in school divided by the number of days school was in session. Table 2.4 shows the trend in ADA for the years 2002–03 through 2012– 

Second condar ary y enro enrolllm lme ent 18,221,687

2 20 00 03 4– –0 04 5 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13

1 18 8,,5 73 85 3,,9 36 77 1 18,987,323 19,097,817 19,081,484 18,685,202 18,703,967 18,691,139 18,692,479 18,725,638

13. Column 5 of Summary Tables C and D shows ADA as a percentage of ADM in states reporting both daily attendance and membership counts. The difference between 100 percent and the percentage shown in this column is an indication of average daily absence.

High School Graduates  

An estimated 3,272,389 high school students will graduate in 2012–13, an increase of 2.0 percent over the revised estimate for graduates in 2011–12. After an overall decline in the number of graduates during the early 1990s, the number of graduates is  beginning to increase in crease as a cconsequence onsequence of the t he baby  boom echo. The numbers of public high school graduates since 2002–03 are shown in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.1 Annual Enrollment Enrollment Changes, 2003–13 (thousands) 800 Elementary

600

Secondary

    )    0    0    0    ' 400     (   e   g   n This website stores data such as   a 200    h cookies to enable   c essential site    t   nwell as marketing, functionality, as   e 0 personalization, You   mand analytics.    l    l   o may change your settings at any time   r   n or accept the   E default settings. –200

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–400

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2007

 

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2008  Year

2009

2 010

20 11

201 2

2013

 

73 

Students 

Table 2.4 Ten-Year Trend in Average Daily Attendance, 2003–13

School year 2002–03

Average daily attendance 44,567,672

2 20 00 03 4– –0 04 5 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13

Percentage change Percentage From 2002–03 From previous year — 0.6

4 44 5,,8 09 88 8,,0 06 02 0 45,529,180 45,694,547 45,855,863 46,401,928 46,720,093 47,070,278 47,387,743 47,659,152

0 1..7 2 2.2 2.5 2.9 4.1 4.8 5.6 6.3 6.9

0 0..7 4 1.0 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

 

Figure 2.2 High School Graduates, 2003–13 (millions) 3.5 3.0   s   e    t   a   u    d   a   r   g     f   o   s   n   o    i    l    i    M

2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

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20 05

200 6

200 7

2008  Year

2 009

20 10

20 11

201 2

2013

 

3. IInst nstruc ructio tional nal Staff Staff

T

Classroom Teachers  

he instructional staff of a district or school comprises classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, librarians, guidance and  psychological personnel, and related instructional workers. This category often is used to describe the total public school staff involved most directly with students and their education. Instructional staff figures for 2011–12 are shown in Summary Table E. Figures for 2012–13 are shown in Table F.

The 10-year trend in the number of elementary and secondary school classroom teachers—indicating changes over time as local districts respond to supply and demand factors—is featured in Table 3.3. The number of elementary school classroom teachers is estimated to be 1,791,050 in 2012–13, a one-year change of 0.8 percent compared to the revised estimate of 1,776,856 for 2011–12. The elementary school classroom teaching staff

Totall Instructional Sta Tota Staff ff The total instructional staff in 2012–13 is estimated at 3,562,721. This is an increase of 38,500, or 1.1  percent, over the revised estimate estim ate of 3,524,220 3 ,524,220 staff sta ff members in 2011–12. Estimates of the number of classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other instructional staff are shown in Table 3.1. According to estimates for 2012–13, the 1.1 percent increase in instructional staff over the previous year represents an increase in elementary teachers (0.8%) and an increase in secondary teachers (0.8%). The trend in total instructional staff over the period is shown in Table 3.2.

experienced a net increase of 1.3 percent since 2002–03. The number of classroom teachers at the secondary level is estimated to be 1,317,481 for 2012–13. This is an change of 0.8 percent over the revised estimate of 1,306,411 for 2011–12. Since 2002–03, the number of secondary school teachers increased 5.3 percent.

Table 3.1 Total Instructional Staff, 2011–12 and 2012–13 This website storesInstructional data such asStaff cookies to enable essential site functionality, as wellElas ememarketing, ntary sch school classro ssroo om te tea achers personalization, andSeanalytics. condary scYou hool clas lassr sro oom te tea ache herrs may change your settings at any time Total classroom teachers or accept the default settings.

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Nonsupervisory instructional staff Principals and supervisors

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Total staff

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2012–13

1,77 ,776,85 ,856 1,30 ,306,41 ,411

1,79 ,791,05 ,050 1,31 ,317,48 ,481

3,083,266

3,108,531

248,096 192,858

259,631 194,559

3,524,220

3,562,721  

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Instructional Staff  

 

Table 3.2 Ten-Yearr Tren Ten-Yea Trend d in Total Instructional Staff, 200 2003–1 3–13 3

School year 2002–03

Instructional staff 3,435,522

2 20 00 03 4– –0 04 5 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13

3 3,,4 56 05 9,,9 40 76 4 3,554,553 3,607,666 3,653,371 3,670,232 3,658,483 3,607,528 3,524,220 3,562,721

The total number classroom to increased by of25,265 for teachers 2012–13is estimated over the revised total of 3,083,266 for 2011–12.

Percentage change From 2002–03 From previous year — 1.2 0 2..9 2 3.5 5.0 6.3 6.8 6.5 5.0 2.6 3.7

0 1..9 3 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.5 –0.3 –1.4 –2.3 1.1

 

Instructional Staff Salaries

Increasingly, salary and benefit levels are becoming  prominent in discussions of education reform.

Table 3.3 Ten-Year Trend in Total Number of Classroom Teachers, 2003–13

School year 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 This website stores data 200such 8–09as cookies to enable essential 2009–site 10 functionality, as well as marketing, 2010–11 personalization, and analytics. You 2011at–1 2 time may change your settings any or accept the default settings. 2012–13

Elementary school 1,768,864 1,782,081 1,799,032

Classroom teachers Secondary school 1,250,850 1,259,542 1,273,457

Total 3,019,714 3,041,623 3,072,489

1,809,549 1,826,055 1,847,852 1,875,676 1,863,395 1,840,677 1,776,856 1,791,050

1,311,288 1,325,111 1,335,345 1,331,714 1,324,849 1,296,550 1,306,411 1,317,481

3,120,838 3,151,166 3,183,197 3,207,390 3,188,244 3,137,227 3,083,266 3,108,531

Complex issues involving the recruitment and

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focused on the competitiveness and career earnings

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other instructional staff will be evaluated continuously, particularly in states and school districts where instructional staff members are difficult retain for long periods. is important to note thattovast differences in staffItsalaries are not apparent in statewide averages, which can hide as

 

76 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

much as they reveal; therefore, users of these data must recognize their limitations. limitations. In addition, compensation systems at the district level include more than salaries alone. Unfortunately, it is difficult to quantify and categorize the employee benefits—both monetary and nonmonetary—associated with public school employment. Add the fact that each state is made up of individual school-district employers and it  becomes apparent that salary s alary statistics alone should not be the basis for evaluating state or district compensation. Further, any discussion of average salary figures in the absence of other data about the specific state or district provides limited insights into the actual “value” of those salaries. For example, variations in the cost of living may go a long way toward explaining (and, in practice, offsetting) differences in salary levels from one area of the country to another. The national average instructional staff salary for 2012–13 is estimated to be $58,315, and the revised estimate for the prior year is $57,218 (Table 3.4). The gain of $1,097 between 2011–12 and 2012–13 represents an increase of 1.9 percent. These average

salary figures are for the entire instructional staff—  classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other instructional personnel. In the computation of the national average, each state average is weighted  by its number of instructional staff members. Average salary figures are listed by state and region in Summary Table G. The average salary per member of the instructional staff in 2012–13, estimated at $58,315, is an increase of $10,745 in current dollars over the average salary of $47,570 reported for 2002–03. Taking inflation into account, however, shows that over the period from 2002–03 to 2012–13 (based on Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers; 2003 = 100.0), the instructional staff salary changed -$1,483, or -3.1 percent.

Classroom Classroo m Tea Teacher cher Salaries The U.S. average classroom teacher salary is estimated to be $56,383 for the 2012–13 school year. This amount represents an increase of 1.7  percent in current dollars over the revised figure of $55,418 in 2011–12.

Table 3.4 Ten–Year Trend in Average Instructional Staff Salary, 2003–13

School year

Average annual instructional staff salary

20 00 03 2– –0 04 3 2 2004–05 20data 05–0such 6 as This website stores 006–07 site cookies to enable 2essential functionality, as well 20as 07–marketing, 08 personalization, and analytics. 2008–09 You may change your settings at any time 2009–10 or accept the default settings. 2010–11 2011–12 Privacy Policy 2012–13 Marketing Personalization Analytics Save

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48 7,,2 53 75 0 4 49,135 50,648 52,623 54,701 56,267 56,967 57,282 57,218 58,315

Percentage change From 2002–03 From previous year — 1.4 3.3 6.5 10.6 15.0 18.3 19.8 20.4 20.3 22.6

2..4 4 1 1.9 3.1 3.9 3.9 2.9 1.2 0.6 –0.1 1.9

 

 

Instructional Staff  

 

77 

Figure 3.1 highlights the differences between the average classroom teacher salary in current versus constant dollars. The current-dollar increases over the years since 1992–93 appear substantial—from $35,029 in 1992–93 to $56,383 in 2012–13—an increase of $21,354 in unadjusted terms. But when the effects of price inflation are taken into account,

Differences in salary levels between elementary and secondary teachers are usually the result of factors (such as average teacher experience and educational attainment) that vary from state to state and district to district. It should not be assumed that elementary classroom teachers are paid more or less than secondary classroom teachers strictly on

the average teacher salary changes by -$122 or -0.3  percent, over the 20-year period from 1992–93 to 2012–13.

the basis of what grade level they teach (Table 3.5). Elementary school teachers are expected to earn an average salary of $55,747 in 2012–13, an increase of 1.9 percent over the revised estimate of $54,704 for 2011–12. The average salary for secondary teachers is estimated to be $57,243, a 1.8 percent increase over the previous year’s value of $56,226.

Estimated average salaries paid to classroom teachers in 2012–13 vary from a low of $39,580 to a high of $75,279. Average salaries of classroom teachers for the 50 states and the District of Columbia are distributed as shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.1 Average Classroom Teacher Salary, 1993–2013 ($'000)

60 55 50 45     ) 40    0    0 35    0    '     (   s 30   r   a    l    l   o    D

25 20 15 10

Cu Curr rrent ent dollar dollarss

5 0 1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

20 03

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 Year

average annual salary of classroom teachers is expected to be 90.2 percent higher than that in the state with the lowest salary. The dollar gap has Privacy Policy grown from $23,277 in 2002–03 to $35,699 in 2012–13. Marketing Personalization Analytics Save

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20 05

20 07

20 09

200 2003 3 doll dollars ars

20 11

20 13

  Table 3.6 shows the percentage increase in classroom teacher salaries for this year compared with 2002–03 and for each year in the range compared with the previous year.

 

78 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Figure 3.2 Distribution of Average Classroom Teacher Salaries, 2013 16   g 14   n    i

  y 12   a   p   s 10   e    t   a 8    t   s     f   o 6   r   e    b 4   m   u 2    N

0 < 44

44– 45.9

46– 47.9

48– 49.9

50– 51.9

52– 53.9

54– 55.9

56– 57.9

58– 59.9

60– 61.9

62– 63.9

> 64

Salary range ($ thousands)

 

Table 3.5 Ten–Year Trend in Average Annual Salaries for Public School Classroom Teachers, 2003–13

School year 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 This website stores data 2006such –07 as cookies to enable essential site 2007–08 functionality, as well as marketing, 008–09 You personalization, and 2analytics. 2009–at10any time may change your settings or accept the default2settings. 010–11 2011–12 2012–13 Privacy Policy Marketing Personalization Analytics Save

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Average annual classroom teacher salaries Elementary Secondary All 45,408 46,106 45,686 46,187 47,122 48,579 50,834 52,497 54,003 54,924 55,096 54,704 55,747

46,976 47,688 49,492 51,650 53,443 54,912 55,597 56,075 56,226 57,243

46,542 47,516 49,088 51,142 52,963 54,354 55,224 55,489 55,418 56,383

 

 

79 

Instructional Staff  

 

Table 3.6 Ten-Year Trend in Percentage Change in Average Annual Salaries for Public School Classroom Teachers, 2003–13 Percentage change School year 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13

From 2002–03 Elementary Secondary — — 1.7 1.9 3.8 3.4 7.0 7.3 11.9 12.0 15.6 15.9 18.9 19.1 21.0 20.6 21.3 21.6 20.5 21.9 22.8 24.2

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All — 1.9 4.0 7.4 11.9 15.9 19.0 20.9 21.5 21.3 23.4

From previous year Elementary Secondary All 2.8 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.1 3.1 3.8 3.3 4.6 4.4 4.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 1.7 1.2 1.6 0.3 0.9 0.5 –0.7 0.3 –0.1 1.9 1.8 1.7

 

 

 

4. Revenues Revenues

R

evenue receipts provided by state education agencies include all funds that become available during the school year. Receipts used for payment of principal and interest on longterm debt and nonrevenue receipts used largely for capital outlay expenditures are included. The figures on expenditures, however, include capital outlay but exclude payments to amortize debt. For this reason, total receipts generally will exceed total expenditures.

Total Receipts Receipts Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts for 2012–13 are estimated to be $636,392,560,048, an increase of 2.1 percent compared with 2011–12 and a 34.7  percent increase compared with 2002–03. When  

adjusted for inflation, total receipts increased an estimated 6.4 percent over the decade.

Revenue Re venue Re Receipts ceipts Revenue receipts available for current expenses, other non-day-school programs operated by the  public schools, capital outlay, and debt service for  public schools are shown in Table 4.1. Included among revenue receipts are all appropriations from general funds of federal, state, county, and local governments; receipts from taxes levied for school  purposes; income from f rom permanent per manent school sc hool funds fun ds and endowments; and income from leases of school lands and miscellaneous sources (interest on bank deposits, tuition, gifts, school lunch charges, and so on).

Table 4.1 Total Revenue Receipts, 2003–13

School year 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 This website stores data such as 2006–07 cookies to enable essential site 20as 07–marketing, 08 functionality, as well 200analytics. 8–09 You personalization, and may change your 2 settings 009–10at any time or accept the default 201settings. 0–11 2011–12 2012–13 Privacy Policy

Revenue receipts (in $ thousands) 436,056,289

Percentage change From 2002–03 From previous year — 4.6

455,013,298 477,370,797 505,752,930 535,516,450 561,705,036 560,795,373 570,308,362 583,788,392 587,990,523 601,387,075

4.3 9.5 16.0 22.8 28.8 28.6 30.8 33.9 34.8 37.9

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4.3 4.9 5.9 5.9 4.9 –0.2 1.7 2.4 0.7 2.3

 

 

For 2012–13, revenue receipts are estimated at $601,387,075,361, an increase of 2.3 percent over the revised figure of $587,990,522,687 reported for 2011–12. From 2002–03 through 2012–13, school revenue receipts increased 37.9 percent in current or unadjusted dollars. Adjusting for inflation in 2002–03 dollars, public school revenues increased

have increased by 28.5 percent from 2003 to 2013—1.6 percent when adjusted for inflation. Local and intermediate sources of school revenues, coming mostly from property taxation, grew by 43.1 percent (13.1 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars).

9.0 percent over the decade.

Increases in School Revenue

State-by-state figures on the sources of school revenue are given in Summary Tables H and I, columns 2–4 and 6–8, for the years 2011–12 and 2012–13, respectively. Comparing these estimates shows an expected -$1,137,503,726 decrease in federal revenues, an expected increase of $5,801,366,781 in state revenues, and an increase of $8,732,689,620 in local revenues, for a total increase of approximately $13.4 billion in revenue receipts for the year. In percentage terms, contributions by the three levels of government changed by -1.8, 2.2, and 3.4 percent, respectively. Amounts and percentages of revenue receipts from federal, state, and local sources for the years 2002–  03 through 2012–13 are shown in Table 4.2. During this period, the percentage of state receipts has ranged between 44.9 and 49.1 percent of total revenue receipts, constituting the largest source of  public school funds with the exception of school funding for 1993–94. State education resources, derived primarily from income and sales taxes,

One measure of support for the improvement of education is the amount of new funds made available each year. Figure 4.1 shows annual variations reflecting changing priorities and the fluid nature of the state-local fiscal partnership in school finance during the period 2002–03 to 2012–  13. Please note that in the school year 1994–95 (not shown), state funds appear as providing an unusually high share (77.8%) of the new money by level of government, whereas federal and local shares of the new money account for only 2.8 and 19.4 percent, respectively. In this regard, it is important to remember that these values in any year include the substitution of, for example, statesource revenue for local-source revenue, as occurred in Michigan in 1994. Michigan substituted state-source revenue for local funds and added funds to reduce per student expenditure disparities. In other words, Michigan’s higher state share does not necessarily translate entirely into new funds  provided to public p ublic education. educat ion.

Table 4.2 Total Revenue Receipts, 2003–13, by Source of Government Contribution

Federal School year Amount ($'000) This website stores data such as 2002–03 36,175,928 cookies to enable essential site 003as –04 functionality, as2well marketing,40,628,983 004– 05 personalization,2and analytics. You42,908,234 may change your 20settings 05–06 at any time 45,949,920 or accept the default settings. 2006–07 46,157,591 2007–08 47,437,273 55,977,526 Privacy Policy 2008–09 2009–10 66,643,218 Marketing 2010–11 68,165,964 Personalization 2011–12

2012–13

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% 8.3 8.9 9.0 9.1 8.6 8.4 10.0 11.7 11.7 10.5 10.1

Revenue receipts Revenue State Amount Am ount ($'000) % 214,210,264 49.1 215,480,072 47.4 225,141,783 47.2 236,977,232 46.9 255,240,888 47.7 270,392,303 48.1 261,046,535 46.5 256,000,310 44.9 266,317,825 45.6 269,520,409 275,321,775 81 

45.8 45.8

Local and other Amount ($'000) % 185,670,097 42.6 198,904,243 43.7 209,320,781 43.8 222,825,779 44.1 234,117,971 43.7 243,875,461 43.4 243,771,313 43.5 247,664,834 43.4 249,304,602 42.7 256,872,721 265,605,411

43.7 44.2

 

 

82 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Figure 4.1 Percentage of Revenue Change over Prior Year by Source, 2003–13

10

Federal State Local

8

6    t   n   e   c   r   e    P

4

2

0 2003

200 4

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2005

2006

20 07

200 8  Year

200 9

2010

2 011

20 12

2013

 

 

5. Expenditures

T

otal expenditures for public schools—current expenditures for elementary and secondary day schools, capital outlays, and interest  payments—aree expected to increase from  payments—ar $609,976,633,775 in 2011–12 to an estimated $623,486,081,858 in 2012–13. This increase of $13.5 billion includes expected expenditures from federal appropriations, rising state appropriations, and increasing local tax revenues. Increased expenditures are estimated across all major categories of expenditure. These include current expenditures for elementary and secondary day

school debt represents a 2.2 percent increase over comparable expenditures estimated for 2011–12 and a 38.0 percent increase over 2002–03. Adjusting for the effects of price inflation, the change in total public school expenditures is estimated at 9.1 percent over the decade (Table 5.1).

schools; other programs (summer schools, educationfor programs, community centers, and adult other community services when operated by local school districts and not part of the regular public elementary and secondary day-school program); capital outlays; and interest payments on school debt. Repayment of principal on bonded indebtedness is not included.

maintenance, fixed charges, and other school services excluding expenditures for state administration. Current expenditures comprise all governmental contributions to the retirement fund and expenditures for school services, including attendance, health services, transportation, and other school services. This figure does not include  payments for capital outlay and interest on school debt or amounts spent for community colleges, community services, summer school, community centers, and services to nonpublic school students (Table 5.2).

Total Expenditures The total amount to be spent during 2012–13 for current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest on

Current Expenditures Current expenditures of elementary and secondary day schools include amounts paid for general control, instructional service, operation,

Table 5.1 Ten–Year Trend in Total Expenditures for Public Schools, 2003–13 This website stores data Schsuch ool yas ear cookies to enable essential site 2002–03 functionality, as well as marketing, 2003–04 personalization, and analytics. You 200at 4–any 05 time may change your settings or accept the default settings. 2005–06 Privacy Policy Marketing

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2011–12 2012–13

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Total expenditures (in $ thousands) 451,673,608 469,623,358 496,198,590 521,128,927 547,416,113 579,054,519 590,109,634 590,170,368

Percentage change From 2002–03 From previous year — 5.6 4.0 4.0 9.9 5.7 15.4 5.0 21.2 5.0 28.2 5.8 30.6 1.9 30.7 0.0

601,802,480 609,976,634 623,486,082

33.2 35.0 38.0 83 

2.0 1.4 2.2

 

 

84 

 Estimates of School Statistics Statistics 2013

Table 5.2 Ten–Year Trend in Total Current Expenditures for Public Schools, 2003–13

Schoo l year 2 002–03 2 003–04 2 004–05 2 005–06 2 006–07 2 007–08 2 008–09 2 009–10 2 010–11 2 011–12 2 012–13

Current expenditures ($ thousa nds) 386, 027,520 400, 930,558 422, 346,177 443, 031,503 467, 246,898 495, 828,781 506, 791,155 513, 212,630 524, 677,488 533, 285,038 545, 946,202

Current expenditures are expected to increase from $533,285,037,570 in 2011–12 to $545,946,201,951 in 2012–13, a 2.4 percent increase in current-dollar terms. Current expenditures of public schools grew  by 11.8 percent from 2002–03 to 2012–13 in inflation-adjusted dollars.

Current Expenditur Expend itur e per S Stud tudent ent in ENR Fall enrollment (ENR) has replaced average daily attendance (ADA) and average daily membership (ADM) as the preferred measure of student  participation  participatio n in the educational process. ENR is recommended as the best divisor because of its standardized definition; therefore, it is most useful when making interstate comparisons. State-by-state calculations based on both ENR and ADA counts may be found in Summary Tables J and K. Use of these statewide figures should be supplemented by the reader’s knowledge This website stores data such as of factors particular to a or locality that site would affect spending levels. cookiesstate to enable essential functionality, as well as marketing, Table 5.3and shows the average cost per student in personalization, analytics. You ENR (in for each year since 2002–  may change yourcurrent settingsdollars) at any time or accept 03 the as default well assettings. the percentage increases in cost per

student in ENR. Over the last decade, the average  per student expenditure rose by $671, or 8.3 Privacy percent, Policy after inflation. The estimated average expenditure per student in ENR for 2012–13 is Marketing

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Percentage change From 200 2–03 From p revious year — 6.2 3.9 9.4 14.8 21.0 28.4 31.3 32.9 35.9 38.1 41.4

3.9 5.3 4.9 5.5 6.1 2.2 1.3 2.2 1.6 2.4

 

$11,068, an increase of $234 over the revised figure of $10,834 for 2011–12. Variations among the states in average expenditures per student in ENR are wide. The statewide estimates for 2012–13 vary from a low of $6,949 to a high of $19,752, a difference of $12,803. Estimated expenditures per student in ENR for the 50 states and the District of Columbia are distributed as shown in Figure 5.1.

Capital Ca pital Outlay Total expenditures for capital outlay are estimated at $46,170,584,142 for 2012–13, a change of -$0.3  billion compared to the 2011–12 level, which was $46,468,644,831. Figure 5.2 shows the variability in spending for this function resulting from changes in school district needs for capital outlay over the last 10 years.

Interest on School Debt For the school year 2011–12, total expenditures for interest on debt were estimated at $20,352,780,167. For the school year 2012–13, these expenditures grew to $21,302,472,046—an increase of 4.7  percent.

 

85 

Expenditures   Expenditures

 

Table 5.3 Ten–Year Trend in Expenditures per Student, 2003–13 Expenditures ($) per student in ENR 8,076

School year 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13

Percentage change From 2002–03 From previous year — 5.2

8,327 8,724 9,093 9,563 10,117 10,346 10,447 10,669 10,834 11,068

3.1 8.0 12.6 18.4 25.3 28.1 29.4 32.1 34.2 37.0

3.1 4.8 4.2 5.2 5.8 2.3 1.0 2.1 1.5 2.2

Figure 5.1

  s   e    t   a    t   s     f   o   r   e    b   m   u    N

Distribution of 2012–13 Current Expenditures per Student in Fall Enrollment

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 < 7,0 7,000 00

7,0 7,000 00– – 7,499

7,500– 7,999

8,000– 8,499

8,500– 8,999

9,000– 9,499

9,500– 9,999

10,000– 10,500– 11,000– 11,500– 12,000– > 12,500 10,499 10,999 11,499 11,999 12,499

Expenditure per pupil ($)

Figure 5.2 Capital Cap ital Outlay and Interest on Debt, 2003–13 ($ billions) billions) 90 data such as This website stores cookies to enable80 essential site functionality, as well 70 as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You 60 may change your   s settings at any time   n 50   o or accept the    i default settings.    l    l    i 40    b

Interest

30

Capital outlay

    $

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2005

20 06

2007

20 08  Year

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20 11

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Tables fo r th e 5 Tables 50 0S States tates and the Distri ct of Columb ia SUMMARY TABLE A. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DISTRICTS, 2011–12 (REVISED) AND 2012–13

REGION AND STATE 1

2011–12 (REVISED) BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT (SCHOOL DISTRICT)  TOT  TOTAL AL OPERAT OPERATING ING NONO NONOPER PERAT ATING ING 2 3 4

2012–13 BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT (SCHOOL DISTRICT)  TOTAL  TOTAL OPE OPERA RATIN TINGG NONO NO NOPERA PERATIN TINGG 5 6 7

50 STATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

15,800 1,575

15,822 1,582

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  VE  VERMONT MID EAST

199 * 288 * 512 175 * 49 * 352 * 1,903

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA

37 * 41 * 24 605 696 * 500 *

199 * 229 * 400 161 * 49 * 286 286 * 1,887

37 * 41 * 24 591 695 * 499 *

296 251

0* 59 * 112 14 * 0* 66 * 16

0* 0* 0* 14 1* 1*

199 * 288 * 519 175 * 49 * 35 352 2* 1,903

37 * 41 * 24 605 696 * 500 *

15,525 1,327

199 * 229 * 403 161 * 49 * 286 * 1,886

37 * 41 * 24 590 695 * 499 *

297 255

0* 59 * 116 14 * 0* 66 * 17

0* 0* 0* 15 1* 1*

SOUTHEAST

1,632

1,627

5

1,635

1,630

5

 ALA  ALABA BAM MA  AR  ARKANS NSA AS

132 256

132 132 256 256

0 0

13 134 4 25 255 5

134 255

0 0

FGLEOORRIDGAIA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  VIR  VIRG GINIA INIA  WE  WEST VIRGI IRGINIA

66 7* 19 174 * 126 * 152 115 87 136 136 55 *

66 7* 19 174 * 126 * 152 * 115 87 135 132 132 55 *

0 ** 0 0* 0* 0* 0 0 1 4 0*

68 7* 19 174 * 126 * 151 115 87 137 13 136 6 55 *

16 97 8* 174 * 126 * 151 * 115 87 136 132 55 *

0 0 ** 0* 0* 0* 0 0 1 4 0*

GREAT LAKES

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CON ONSI SIN PLAINS

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA

3,518

3,515

3

3,532

3,529

3

866 * 357 855 1,016 * 424

865 * 355 855 1,016 * 424 424

1* 2 0 0* 0

866 * 371 855 1,016 * 42 424 4

865 * 369 855 1,016 * 424

1* 2 0 0* 0

2,275

2,260

2,267

2,256

351 286 * 521 * 524 * 258 183 152

This website Sstores such as 2,465 OUTHWESdata T  AR  A R IZ IZO O NA 627 * cookies to enable essential site NEW MEXICO 89 functionality, O as KLAwell HOMAas marketing, 522 TEXASand analytics. You 1,227 personalization, ROCKY MOUNTAINS may change Cyour settings at any time187286 * OLORADO or accept theIDdefault settings. AHO 137 * MONTANA UTAH  WY  WYOMING

422 * 41 * 48

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15,504 1,324

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351 286 * 519 * 524 * 249 179 152

15

0 0* 2* 0* 9 4 0

348 286 * 521 * 524 * 256 181 151

348 286 * 519 * 524 * 249 179 151

11

0 0* 2* 0* 7   2 0

2,465

0

2,471

2,471

0

627 627 * 89 522 1,227

0* 0 0* 0*

62 627 7* 89 521 1,234

627 * 89 521 1,234

0* 0 0* 0*

821

5

826

821

5

178 * 137 * 417 * 41 * 48

0* 0* 5* 0* 0

178 * 137 * 422 * 41 * 48

178 * 137 * 417 * 41 * 48

0* 0* 5* 0* 0

1,606

1,605

1

1,606

1,605

1

54 1,042 * 1

54 1,042 * 1

0 0* 0

54 1,042 * 1

54 1,042 * 1

0 0* 0

11 97 7 ** 295

11 97 6 ** 295 295

0 1 ** 0*

11 97 7 ** 29 295 5

11 97 6 ** 295

0 1 ** 0*

86 

 

 

Tables for the 50 States and the District of Columbia  Columbia 

 

SUMMARY TABLE B. ESTIMATED FALL ENROLLMENT, ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 2011–12 (REVISED) AND 2012–13

REGION AND STATE 1

ELEMENTARY 2

50 STATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

30,529,255 1,420,465

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  V  VER ERM MONT

383,366 * 126,961 * 665,315 128,708 * 74,010 * 42,10 42,105 *

18,692,479 683,451

171,032 * 58,072 * 287,055 62,223 * 63,165 * 41,904 904 *

TOTAL 4 49,221,735 2,103,915

554,398 * 185,033 * 952,370 190,931 * 137,175 * 84,00 84,008 *

ELEMENTARY 5 30,600,879 1,415,713

383,572 * 125,788 * 665,384 127,271 * 72,427 * 41,271 *

2012–13 FALL ENROLLMENT SECONDARY 6 18,725,63 ,638 681,834

171,279 * 57,536 * 288,602 61,528 * 61,815 * 41 41,07 ,074 *

TOTAL 7 49,326,517 2,097,547

554,851 * 183,324 * 953,986 188,799 * 134,242 * 82,346 *

MID EAST

3,798,673

2,991,880

6,790,553

3,780,477

2,969,094

6,749,570

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA

70,420 * 49,117 * 471,404 * 914,039 * 1,382,817 * 910,876 *

59,497 * 27,959 * 382,682 * 447,774 * 1,234,739 * 839,228 *

129,917 * 77,076 * 854,086 * 1,361,813 * 2,617,556 * 1,750,104 *

71,042 * 48,442 * 476,670 * 911,297 * 1,368,085 * 904,941 *

60,023 * 27,575 * 379,721 * 446,431 * 1,221,585 * 833,759 *

131,065 * 76,017 * 856,391 * 1,357,728 * 2,589,670 * 1,738,700 *

SOUTHEAST

7,488,302

4,568,269

7,519,530

4,591,254

 A  ALA LABA BAM MA  A  ARRKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA

401,75 01,755 331,23 31,231 * 1,467,809 * 826,630

334, 334,584 584 136, 136,959 959 * 1,194,136 * 857,800

736,33 36,339 468,19 68,190 * 2,661,945 * 1,684,430

40 400,5 0,566 33 334,4 4,445 * 1,462,923 * 832,590

335 35,03 ,039 138 38,28 ,288 * 1,187,754 * 870,168

73 735,6 5,605 47 472,7 2,733 * 2,650,677 * 1,702,758

K EN KA Y LO UITSUIACN MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  V  VIR IRG GINIA INIA  WES  WESTT VIRGI IRGINIA

41 68 1,,8 30 22 1 ** 5 305,911 * 1,004,606 508,295 678,476 * 785,70 85,707 * 197,75 97,759 *

18 94 7,,5 78 67 1 8 ** 184,126 * 425,401 213,103 280,846 * 474, 474,627 627 * 84,332 332 *

6 75 09 3,,0 38 99 0 ** 490,037 * 1,430,007 721,398 959,322 * 1,260,33 60,334 * 282,09 82,091 *

4 56 23 2,,6 40 01 2 ** 305,448 * 1,010,353 510,099 687,449 * 79 790,2 0,253 * 19 199,4 9,401 *

1 19 88 5,,7 84 64 9 ** 183,826 * 425,158 213,859 292,357 * 477 77,37 ,373 * 82 82,81 ,818 *

6 76 02 8,,3 24 75 2 ** 489,274 * 1,435,511 723,958 979,806 * 1,2 267,6 67,627 * 28 282,2 2,219 *

GREAT LAKES

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CONSI ONSIN PLAINS

4,915,597

1,455,660 * 564,856 1,043,147 1,249,124 * 602,81 02,810 * 1,990,874

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTHWEST

 A  ARRIZ IZO ONA NEW M EXICOsuch as This website stores data O K L A H O MA cookies to enable essential site TEXAS

279,250 * 339,083 * 387,805 * 617,602 * 213,461 66,193 87,480

 WY  WYOMING FAR WEST

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Personalization  WA  WASH SHIN ING GTO TON N Analytics Accept All

2,502,514

631,968 * 475,457 500,426 626,368 * 268, 268,2 295 95 * 1,255,017

216,759 * 143,713 * 451,933 * 288,153 * 87,535 29,665 37,259

12,056,572

7,418,110

4,914,216

2,087,628 * 1,040,313 1,543,573 1,875,491 * 871,10 71,105 *

1,453,127 * 566,938 1,043,147 1,243,856 * 60 607,1 7,148 *

3,245,891

2,002,750

496,009 * 482,796 * 839,738 * 905,755 * 300,996 95,858 124,739

281,518 * 341,530 * 389,458 * 618,322 * 215,424 66,561 89,937

2,493,255

630,868 * 475,080 500,426 623,726 * 263 63,15 ,154 * 1,259,568

218,519 * 144,750 * 453,859 * 288,489 * 87,818 29,271 36,861

12,110,784

7,407,471

2,083,996 * 1,042,018 1,543,573 1,867,582 * 87 870,3 0,302 * 3,262,319

500,037 * 486,281 * 843,318 * 906,811 * 303,242 95,832 126,798

4,238,382

2,812,048

7,050,430

4,281,112

2,840,931

7,122,043

761,66 61,661 * 186,745 393,476 * 2,896,500

311, 311,165 165 * 146,898 272,365 * 2,081,620

1,072,82 72,826 * 333,643 665,841 * 4,978,120

76 763,9 3,911 * 188,405 396,460 * 2,932,336

305 05,89 ,891 * 148,204 274,430 * 2,112,406

1,0 069,8 69,802 * 336,609 670,890 * 5,044,742

1,969,762

1,103,326

functionality, as well marketing, ROCKYas MOU NTAINS 1,084,527 C O L O R A D O 437,585 * personalization, and analytics. You IDAHO may change your settings at any time 19569,,388202 ** MONTANA or accept the default UTAH settings. 341,192 *

Save

2011–12 (REVISED) FALL ENROLLMENT SECONDARY 3

49,54 49,549

885,235

416,649 * 129,665 * 43,270 * 256,206 * 39,445 445

854,234 * 289,486 * 139,650 * 597,397 * 88,99 88,994

445,461 * 162,356 * 95,812 * 348,883 * 50,814

897,245

423,158 * 131,721 * 43,015 * 259,650 * 39 39,70 ,701

2,000,571

868,619 * 294,077 * 138,827 * 608,533 * 90,515

5,592,436

2,994,066

8,586,502

5,583,755

2,992,457

8,576,212

88,02 88,025 4,201,908 * 100,151 258,392 * 383,100 *

39,674 674 2,002,157 * 77,583 211,676 * 177,850 *

127,69 27,699 6,204,065 * 177,734 470,068 * 560,950 *

88,189 4,188,947 * 99,986 262,687 * 381,722 *

39 39,74 ,748 1,995,981 * 77,455 215,194 * 177,210 *

12 127,9 7,937  6,184,927 * 177,441 477,881 * 558,932 *

560,86 60,861

485, 485,126 126

56 562,2 2,225

486 86,86 ,869

1,0 049,0 49,094

1,045,98 45,987

87 

 

88 

 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013 

SUMMARY TABLE C. ESTIMATED ADM AND ADA IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND NUMBER OF PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, 2011–12 (REVISED)

ADM 2

REGION AND STATE 1 50 STATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

2011–12 (REVISED) ENROLLMENT ADA 3

n.a. 2,063,559

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  VER  VERM MONT

547,481 183,055 * 948,348 192,366 * 123,439 * 68,8 68,870 70 *

MID EAST

n.a.

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA

122,102 * n.a. * 853,407 1,564,114 * 3,509,959 * 1,796,585 *

47,387,743 2,009,816

578,319 * 172,027 * 898,226 181,626 * 114,765 * 64,85 64,853 *

 

PERCENT PERCEN T ADA OF FALL ENR 4 96.3 95.5

n.a. 97.4

104.3 * 93.0 * 94.3 95.1 * 83.7 * 77 77.2 .2 *

105.6 94.0 * 94.7 94.4 * 93.0 * 94 94.2 .2 *

7 7,,245,371

106.7

114,051 * 77,076 * 803,946 1,445,443 * 3,125,257 * 1,679,598 *

87.8 * 100.0 * 94.1 106.1 * 119.4 * 96.0 *

SOUTHEAST

12,069,305

 ALA  ALABA BAM MA  AR  ARKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA

741,0 41,058 58 464,3 64,367 67 2,726,262 1,684,430

704,68 04,681 464,71 64,712 * 2,575,917 1,617,053

95 95.7 .7 99 99.3 .3 * 96.8 96.0

K EN KA Y LO UTISUIACN MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  VIR  VIRG GINIA INIA  WES  WESTT VIRGI IRGINIA

69 45 9,,6 84 75 2 ** 6 482,361 * 1,430,140 705,929 951,768 1,221,8 21,843 43 * 315,6 15,630 30

65 28 7,,9 68 53 6 5 ** 450,339 * 1,347,103 668,710 902,067 1,163,28 63,286 * 304,57 04,575

93 5..7 2 ** 9 91.9 * 94.2 92.7 94.0 92 92.3 .3 * 10 108 8.0

GREAT LAKES

n.a.

ILLINOI S INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CONSI ONSIN

1,990,336 * 992,990 n.a. * 1,745,051 * 848,1 48,145 45 *

PLAINS

n.a.

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA

471,976 444,032 807,189 * n.a. * 283,130 90,336 123,642

SOUTHWEST

n.a.

 AR  ARIZO IZONA This website NEWstores MEXICO data such as O K L A H OMA essential site cookies to enable TEXAS

1,107,9 07,939 39 * 333,643 659,537 n.a.

functionality, well ROCKas Y MO UNTAas INS marketing, n.a. COLORADO n.a. * personalization, and analytics. You IDAHO may change your settings at any time n.a. * MONTANA 128,207 * or accept Uthe TAH default settings. 642,868 *  WY  WYOMING

88,1 88,177 77

FAR WEST

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 ALA  ALASK SKA A Privacy Policy CALIFORNIA HAWAII NEVADA Marketing OREGON

128,5 28,569 69 * n.a. * 175,379 452,520 * 534,886

11,485,081

95.3

7,005,585

94.4

2,001,465 * 1,000,106 1,523,702 * 1,642,326 * 837,98 37,986 *

95.9 * 96.1 98.7 * 87.6 * 96 96.2 .2 *

2,950,800

451,015 4 42 21,520 764,129 * 839,565 * 270,522 86,154 117,894

90.9

90.9 87.3 91.0 * 92.7 * 89.9 89.9 94.5

6,627,249

94.0

1,047,57 47,574 * 320,891 624,410 4,634,374

97 97.6 .6 * 96.2 93.8 93.1

1,699,793

792,217 271,101 * 110,810 * 443,072 * 82,59 82,593 8 8,,364,048

117,99 17,995 * 6,131,479 1 16 62,612 473,038 * 4 49 99,702

ADM 5

86.3

92.7 93.6 * 79.3 * 74.2 * 92 92.8 .8

n.a.

Save

Accept All

3,207,689 153,442

38,970 15,591 * 64,355 16,110 * 9,846 * 8,5 ,569 69 * 489,931

93.4 * n.a. * 94.2 92.4 * 89.0 * 93.5 *

7,677 * 1,641 * 58,621 98,034 * 185,329 * 138,629 *

95.2

732,887

95 95.1 .1 10 100 0.1 94.5 96.0 94 6..7 6 ** 9 93.4 * 94.2 94.7 94.8 95 95.2 .2 * 96 96.5 .5 n.a.

100.6 * 100.7 n.a. * 94.1 * 98 98.8 .8 * n.a.

95.6 94.9 94.7 * n.a. * 95.5 95.4 95.4 n.a.

94 94.6 .6 * 96.2 94.7 n.a. n.a.

n.a. * n.a. * 86.4 * 68.9 * 93 93.7 .7

97.4

n.a.

92 92.4 .4 * 98.8 * 91.5 100.6 * 89.1

91 91.8 .8 * n.a. * 92.7 104.5 * 93.4

Personalization  WA  W ATE: SH SHIN ING GTO TON 1,045,0 45 ,061 61 979,22 79A,22 2 93 93.6 93.7 .7 NO NOTE: ADM =NAVERAGE DAIL DAILYY MEMBERSHIP; MEMBERSHIP; ADA = AVERAGE DAILY TTENDAN TT ENDAN CE; ENR = ENROLLMENT; n. n.a. a..6 =N NOT OT AVAILABLE.93 Analytics

PUBLIC HS GRADS 6

45 45,8 ,850 50 * 28 28,7 ,792 92 * 145,587   96,666 47 3,,2 80 79 4 ** 3 26,933 * 94,527   44,106 62,157   89 89,5 ,587 87 * 17 17,5 ,598 98 492,141

133,559 * 66,119 100,096 127,736 * 64 64,6 ,631 31 * 230,800

33,231 31,292 68,118 * 63,784 * 19,330 6,902 8,143 447,014

91 91,6 ,637 37 * 19,812 37,719 297,846 113,999

47,459 * 17,790 * 10,011 * 33,357 * 5,3 ,383 83 547,474

8,3 ,347 47 * 402,722 * 11,832 25,777 * 36,100 62 62,6 ,696 96

 

Tables for the 50 States and the District of Columbia  Columbia 

 

SUMMARY TABLE D. ES SUMMARY ESTIMATED TIMATED ADM A AND ND ADA IN PUBLIC EL ELEMENTARY EMENTARY AND SECONDA SECONDARY RY SCHOOLS AND NUMBER OF PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, 2012–13 2012–13 ENROLLMENT REGION AND STATE 1 50 STATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  V  VER ERM MONT MID EAST

ADA 3

n.a. 2,050,923

47,659,152 2,005,562

543,586 * 181,103 * 951,621 191,326 * 117,014 * 66,2 66,274 74 * n.a.

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA SOUTHEAST

 

ADM 2

121,901 * n.a. * 855,053 * 1,585,205 * 3,558,129 * 1,793,941 * 12,129,276

582,521 * 170,183 * 901,326 180,594 * 108,626 * 62,31 2,311 1*

PER PERCENT CENT ADA OF FALL ENR 4

ADM 5

96.6 95.6

n.a. 97.8

105.0 * 92.8 * 94.5 95.7 * 80.9 * 75 75..7 *

107.2 * 94.0 * 94.7 94.4 * 92.8 * 94 94.0 .0 *

3,272,389 155,925

40,618 * 15,867 * 64,267   16,453 * 9,991 * 8,7 729 29 *

7,220,967

107.0

n.a.

496,804

113,875 * n.a. * 805,065 * 1,460,093 * 3,164,959 * 1,676,976 *

86.9 * n.a. * 94.0 * 107.5 * 122.2 * 96.4 *

93.4 * n.a. * 94.2 * 92.1 * 89.0 * 93.5 *

7,745 * 1,589 * 58,768 * 98,714 * 189,484 * 140,503 * 755,025

95.7

95.5

 A  ALA LABA BAM MA  A  ARRKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA

739,2 39,295 95 466,4 66,454 54 * 2,754,342 1,693,872 *

676, 676,45 450 0 482, 482,03 038 8* 2,602,449 1 1,,643,303 *

92 92..0 102 02..0 * 98.2 96.5 *

91 91.5 .5 10 103 3.3 * 94.5 97.0 *

47,1 133 33 28,7 713 13 * 153,209 98,342 *

EN KA Y LKO UTISUIACN MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  V  VIR IRG GINIA INIA  WES  WESTT VIRGI IRGINIA

60 51 8,,0 17 62 5 ** 7 481,065 * 1,425,462 705,348 953,547 * 1,228,6 28,671 71 * 321,9 21,984 84 *

66 36 8,,5 76 05 6 3 ** 448,510 * 1,363,537 670,560 916,936 * 1,169, 169,44 444 4* 310, 310,66 663 3*

9 96 4..4 1 ** 91.7 * 95.0 92.6 93.6 * 92 92..3 * 110 10..1 *

9 97 5..0 1 ** 93.2 * 95.7 95.1 96.2 * 95 95.2 .2 * 96 96.5 .5 *

4 34 7,,5 75 58 9 ** 27,435 * 97,414 46,231 65,720 * 90,9 992 92 * 17,5 519 19 *

GREAT LAKES

n.a.

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CONSI ONSIN

1,987,298 * 987,877 n.a. * 1,743,909 * 847,5 47,577 77 *

PLAINS

n.a.

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTHWEST

469,454 * 448,663 * 815,237 * n.a. * 291,696 * 88,872 124,071 * n.a.

 A  ARRIZ IZO ONA This website stores NEW MEXdata ICO such as O K L A H O M A cookies to enable essential site TEXAS

functionality, as ROCwell KY MOas UNTmarketing, AINS personalization, and COLO RADOanalytics. You IDAHOsettings at any time may change your MONTANA or accept the default settings. UTAH  WY  WYOMING FAR WEST

1,120,8 20,887 87 * 336,609 666,102 * n.a. * n.a.

n.a. * n.a. * 125,922 * 653,535 * 89,7 89,730 30 n.a.

 A  ALA LASK SKA A Privacy PolicyCALIFORNIA HAWAII NEVADA Marketing OREGON

128,7 28,797 97 n.a. * 174,122 459,889 * 534,112 *

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11,589,158

7, 7,031,496

94.9

2 2,,016,948 * 1 1,,008,393 * 1,511,246 * 1, 1,641,128 * 853, 853,78 780 0*

96.8 * 96.8 * 97.9 * 87.9 * 98 98..1 *

2,961,195

448,034 * 426,301 * 765,133 * 841,766 * 277,994 * 83,999 117,968 *

n.a.

101.5 * 102.1 n.a. * 94.1 * 10 100 0.7 *

90.8

n.a.

89.6 * 87.7 * 90.7 * 92.8 * 91.7 * 87.7 93.0 *

95.4 * 95.0 * 93.9 * n.a. * 95.3 * 94.5 95.1 *

Analytics Accept All

495,902

134,752 * 67,657   100,096 129,301 * 64,0 096 96 * 229,805

33,182 * 32,091 * 64,704 * 64,771 * 19,496 * 7,571 7,991 *

6,749,257

94.8

n.a.

459,823

1,058, 058,73 736 6* 323,620 630,998 * 4,735,903

99 99..0 * 96.1 94.1 * 93.9

94 94.5 .5 * 96.1 94.7 * n.a. *

96,0 043 43 * 20,041 38,447 * 305,292

1,715,355

85.7

n.a.

115,756

92.7 * 93.6 * 77.9 * 72.7 * 92 92..6

n.a. * n.a. * 85.9 * 67.7 * 93 93.4 .4

805,557 * 275,174 * 108,164 * 442,630 * 83,83 3,830 0 8,386,162

118, 118,37 370 0 6,133,077 * 161,378 487,113 * 499,389 *

97.8

n.a.

92 92..5 99.2 * 90.9 101.9 * 89.3 *

91 91.9 .9 n.a. * 92.7 105.9 * 93.5 *

1,052,1 52 ,186 86 986, 986,83 835 5ENDANCE; ENR = ENROLLMENT;94 94. .a. 1 = NOT AVAILABLE.93 93.8 .8 NOTE: NOTE: ADM = AVERAGE DAIL DAILYY MEMBERSHIP; MEMBERSHIP; ADA = AVERAGE DAILY ATT ATTENDAN n. n.a.

Save

PUBLIC HS GRADS 6

48,109 * 18,070 * 9,962 * 34,213 * 5,4 403 03 563,350

8,4 414 14 408,180 * 11,927   26,829 * 36,552 * 71,4 448 48

89 

 

90 

 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013 

SUMMARY TABLE E. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE OF POSITION, 2011–12 (REVISED)

 TOTAL  TOTAL TEACHERS 8

OTHER NONSUPERVISORY INSTRUC TIONAAL  TION 9

PRINCIPALS & SUPERVISORS 10

3,0 ,08 83,2 ,26 66 161,889

248,0 ,09 96 18,075

192 192,858 9,107

CLASSROOM TEACHERS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TOTAL MEN WOMEN 2 3 4

REGI ON AND STATE 1 50 STA STATE TES S AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

239,3 ,35 54 16,399

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  VE  VERM RMON ONTT

4,883 1,760 * 6,657 1,539 * 914 * 645 645 *

MID EAST

32,091

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLV LVA ANIA

466 * 687 * 4,666 5,1 ,10 08 * 10,8 ,84 44 * 10,32 ,320 *

1,5 ,53 37,5 ,50 02 90,354

23,577 8,657 * 39,098 9,083 * 5,922 * 4,017 4,017 * 206,625

3,955 * 3,271 * 29,934 38,86 ,869 * 80,63 ,639 * 49,95 ,956 *

1,7 ,77 76,8 ,85 56 106,753

28,460 10,417 * 45,756 10,622 * 6,835 * 4,662 ,662 * 238,716

4,421 * 3,959 * 34,600 43,97 ,977 * 91,48 ,483 * 60,27 ,276 *

MEN 5

SECONDARY SCHOOL WOMEN 6

496,49 ,493 23,415

5,395 2,423 * 10,003 2,014 * 1,515 * 2,06 2,064 * 96,924

1,663 * 721 * 8,238 22,21 ,216 * 39,70 ,708 * 24,37 ,377 *

809,9 ,91 18 31,722

7,673 2,667 * 13,483 2,983 * 2,678 * 2,237 2,237 * 177,522

2,852 * 1,400 * 15,513 47,05 ,056 * 74,80 ,809 * 35,89 ,891 *

TOTAL 7 1,3 ,30 06,4 ,41 11 55,136

13,068 5,090 * 23,486 4,996 * 4,194 * 4,302 ,302 *

41,528 15,507 69,242 15,619 * 11,029 * 8,964 8,964 *

6,407 1,518 5,900 3,041 * 0* 1,209 1,209 *

274,445

513,161

47,730

4,515 * 2,121 * 23,751 69,27 ,273 * 114,51 ,517 * 60,2 ,26 68 *

8,936 * 6,080 * 58,351 113,25 ,250 206,00 ,000 120,5 ,54 44

610 * 402 * 8,627 20,19 ,199 * 2,97 ,972 * 14,9 ,92 20 *

3,5 ,52 24,2 ,22 20 189,071

2,938 1,034 3,015 784 * 875 * 461 461 * 27,564

459 453 4,333 6,539 9,460 6,320

TOTAL INSTRUC TIONA  TIONALL STAFF STAFF 11 50,873 18,059 78,157   19,444 * 11,904 * 10,63 10,635 5 588,455

* * * * *

10,006 * 6,935 * 71,311 139,98 ,988 218,43 ,432 * 141,78 ,784 *

SOUTHEAST

55,161

444,360

499,521

106, 741

203, 748

310,489

810,010

70, 906

51,933

932, 849

 A  ALA LABAM BAMA A  A  ARKA RKANSA NSASS FLORIDA

2,38 2,381 799 799 9,049

22,3 22,379 79 13,1 13,164 64 79,406

24,76 24,760 0 13,96 13,963 3 88,455

7,54 7,547 5,69 5,692 25,862

13,2 13,212 12 11,4 11,428 28 54,185

20,75 20,759 9 17,12 17,120 0 80,047

45,519 5,519 31,083 1,083 168,502

4,2 4,230 30 3,021 3,021 8,239

2,824 824 1,623 623 8,365

52,57 52,573 3 35,72 35,727  7  185,106

GEORGIA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISS IPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  VIRGI  VIRGINIA  W  WEEST VIRG VIRGINIA INIA

7,426 4,053 3,504 * 1,459 * 9,147 3,605 6,007 5,46 5,468 * 2,26 2,263

60,004 25,181 30,930 * 18,215 * 57,637 29,433 39,220 56,6 56,667 67 * 12,1 12,124 24

67,430 29,234 34,434 * 19,674 * 66,784 33,038 45,227 62,13 62,135 5* 14,38 14,387 7

14,612 4,951 5,631 * 4,549 * 9,846 5,101 7,939 12 12,69 ,699 9* 2,31 2,312

28,746 6,998 9,648 * 9,256 * 17,334 9,171 11,536 29,0 29,074 74 * 3,161 3,161

43,358 11,949 15,278 * 13,805 * 27,180 14,272 19,475 41,77 41,773 3* 5,473 ,473

110,788 41,183 49,712 * 33,479 * 93,964 47,310 64,702 103,9 103,908 08 * 19,860 9,860

9,017 3,518 5,256 * 2,057 * 8,120 4,232 8,388 13,529 3,529 * 1,299 1,299

8,573 2,595 4,828 * 2,430 * 6,785 4,118 3,730 4,526 526 * 1,535 535

128,378 47,296 59,797 * 37,966 * 108,869 55,660 76,820 121 121,963 ,963 * 22,69 22,694 4

GREAT LAKES

49,745

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  W  WISC ISCON ONSIN SIN

14,434 5,488 11,328 * 11,441 * 7,05 7,054

PLAINS

18,034

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTHWEST

3,542 2,042 * 4,892 * 2,874 * 2,753 900 * 1,030 30,246

235,327

80,559 28,520 35,268 * 58,415 * 32,5 32,564 64 115,238

19,340 14,957 * 21,996 * 32,193 * 16,776 4,580 * 5,396 222,259

This website stores data such  A  ARIZ RIZON ONA A 6,63 6,6as 31 * 35,5 35,586 86 * W MEXICO essential site 2,434 12,184 cookies toNEenable OKLAHOMA 3,787 25,335 functionality, as well as marketing, TEXAS 17,394 149,154 personalization, ROCKY MOUand NTAINanalytics. S 7,38You 1 52,236 COLORyour ADO settings at 3any ,092 time21,918 may change IDAHO 983 * 7,360 * or acceptMthe settings.1,254 * ONTAdefault NA 5,929 * UTAH  W  WYO YOMING MING FAR WEST

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1,484 * 568 568

94,993 34,008 46,596 * 69,857 * 39,61 39,618 8 133,271

22,882 16,999 26,8 ,88 88 * 35,0 ,06 67 * 19,529 5,480 * 6,426

59,147

95,082

15,209 11,694 9,115 * 15,644 * 7,48 7,484

17,964 16,761 28,381 * 22,898 * 9,078 9,078

43,701

57,912

4,945 9,220 * 10,717 * 11,846 * 4,858 1,021 * 1,094

6,373 7,855 * 15,294 * 21,739 * 3,750 1,346 * 1,555

252,505

73, 366

42,21 42,217 7* 14,618 29,122 166,548

7,45 7,452 * 2,866 5,298 57,750

59,617

25,010 8,343 * 7,183 * 15,293 * 3,788 ,788

20,226

8,784 3,325 * 1,607 * 4,956 * 1,5 1,55 54

120, 816

10,0 10,046 46 * 3,868 6,957 99,945

154,228

33,173 28,455 37,496 * 38,542 * 16,56 16,562 2 101,613

11,318 17,075 26,011 * 33,586 * 8,608 2,367 * 2,649

439,300

38,709

128,166 62,463 84,092 108,399 56,180 6,180

5,626 3,153 8,079 18,564 * 3,287 3,287

234,885

16,312

34,200 34,074 52,899 * 68,652 * 28,137 7,848 * 9,075

4,252 2,003 2,529 * 4,242 * 1,814 878 593

30,291

8,171 6,075 5,792 7,870 * 2,383 383 11,631

1,439 2,146 2,153 * 4,025 * 1,068 401 399

508, 300

141,963 71,691 97,963 134,833 61,85 61,850 0 262,828

39,891 38,223 57,58 ,581 * 76,92 ,920 * 31,019 9,127   10,067  

194,182

446,687

27,644

29,583

503, 913

17,49 17,498 8* 6,734 12,255 157,695

59,715 9,715 * 21,352 41,377 324,243

2,979 2,979 * 1,437 4,848 18,380

2,321 321 * 1,043 2,638 23,581

65,01 65,014 4* 23,832 48,863 366,204

29,091

49,316

14,133 4,230 * 1,855 * 6,995 * 1,878 1,878

22,917 7,554 * 3,462 * 11,951 * 3,432 ,432

108,933

47,927 15,897 * 10,645 * 27,245 * 7,220 7,220

8,647

6,901

4,617 771 * 944 * 1,724 * 592 592

3,171 1,017 * 543 * 1,811 * 359 359

124,481

55,715 17,684 * 12,132 30,779 * 8,171 ,171

30,299

171,103

201,402

72,974

94,026

167,000

368,402

20,073

25,848

414,323

750 750 18,069 690 2,060 *

3,625 3,625 110,216 5,299 12,857 *

4,375 ,375 128,285 5,989 14,917 *

1,72 1,720 49,74 ,748 2,185 4,295 *

2,1 2,125 25 64,27 ,275 3,118 6,550 *

3,845 ,845 114,023 5,303 10,845 *

8,220 8,220 242,308 11,292 25,762 *

530 530 10,197 1,614 3,263 *

595 595 17,493 502 1,504 *

9,345 ,345 269,99 ,998 13,408 30,529 *

3 ,85 4,87 4,8 75 5

1 4,,970 13 6 24,9 24 70

1 7,845 ,995 1 29,84 29

4,301 ,721 5 10 10,30

5,874 ,074 84 12,8 12

9,175 ,809 23,17 23 5

2 ,80 0 57 3,020 3,0 20

1 ,33 0 3,139 3,1 39

2 3,,2 534 5230 4

3 1,,693 350 59,69 59 3

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13,809 * 3,220 3,220

285, 072

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Tables for the 50 States and the District of Columbia  Columbia 

 

SUMMARY TABLE F. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE OF POSITION, 2012–13

 TOTAL TEACHERS 8

OTHER NONSUPERVISORY INSTRUC TIONAAL  TION 9

PRINCIPALS & SUPERVISORS 10

3,1 ,10 08,5 ,53 31 160,146

259,6 ,63 31 18,725

194 194,559 9,510

CLASSROOM TEACHERS REGI ON AND STATE 1 50 STA STATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  VE  VERM RMON ONTT

MEN 2

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TOTAL WOMEN 3 4

241,3 ,30 07 16,245

4,9 ,90 08 * 1,741 * 6,579 1,539 * 832 * 647 *

MID EAST

33,032

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLV LVA ANIA

479 * 696 * 4,738 * 5,11 ,116 * 11,35 ,353 * 10,64 ,649 *

SOUTHEAST

55,545

23,6 ,69 97 * 8,563 * 38,637 9,084 * 5,392 * 4,024 ,024 * 212,688

4,071 * 3,312 * 30,396 * 38,93 ,931 * 84,42 ,428 * 51,54 ,549 * 445,925

1,7 ,79 91,0 ,05 50 105,643

28,605 * 10,304 * 45,216 10,623 * 6,224 * 4,671 ,671 * 245,720

4,551 * 4,008 * 35,135 * 44,04 ,047 * 95,78 ,781 * 62,19 ,198 * 501,471

499,56 ,562 23,166

5,422 * 2,397 * 9,885 2,014 * 1,380 * 2,068 ,068 * 99,787

1,712 * 730 * 8,365 * 22,25 ,252 * 41,57 ,574 * 25,15 ,155 * 107,138

817,9 ,91 19 31,337

7,712 * 2,638 * 13,324 2,983 * 2,439 * 2,242 2,242 * 182,597

2,935 * 1,418 * 15,753 * 47,13 ,131 * 78,32 ,324 * 37,03 ,036 * 204,159

TOTAL 7 1,3 ,31 17,4 ,48 81 54,504

13,134 * 5,035 * 23,209 4,997 * 3,818 * 4,310 4,310 *

41,739 * 15,339 68,425 15,620 * 10,042 * 8,981 8,981 *

7,376 * 1,536 5,497 3,076 * 0* 1,23 1,239 *

282,384

528,103

47,155

4,647 * 2,148 * 24,118 * 69,38 ,383 * 119,89 ,898 * 62,1 ,19 90 *

9,197 * 6,156 * 59,252 * 113,43 ,431 * 215,67 ,678 * 124,3 ,38 88 *

631 * 332 * 8,705 * 20,1 ,19 95 * 2,92 ,929 * 14,3 ,36 63 *

311,297

812,768

71,151

3,5 ,56 62,7 ,72 21 188,381

3,265 * 1,063 3,030 794 * 894 * 464 464 * 28,257

483 470 4,716 6,563 9,727 6,299

TOTAL INSTRUC TIONA  TIONALL STA STAFF FF 11 52,381 * 17,938 * 76,952 19,490 * 10,936 * 10,68 10,685 5* 603,515

* * * * * *

52,537

10,311 * 6,958 * 72,674 * 140,18 ,189 * 228,33 ,334 * 145,0 ,05 50 * 936,457

 ALA  ALABA BAMA MA  ARKA  ARKANSA NSASS FLORIDA

2,403 ,403 802 * 9,067

22,44 22,447 7 13,21 13,213 3* 79,890

24,85 24,850 0 14,01 14,015 5* 88,957

7,764 ,764 5,713 ,713 * 25,914

13 13,68 ,686 6 11 11,47 ,470 0* 54,293

21,45 21,450 0 17,18 17,183 3* 80,207

46,3 6,300 00 31,198 1,198 * 169,164

4,21 4,219 3,01 3,016 * 8,260

2,79 ,791 1,60 ,601 * 8,407

53,31 53,310 0 35,81 35,815 5* 185,831

GEORGIA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  VIRGI  VIRGINIA  W  WEEST VIRG VIRGINIA INIA

7,343 4,166 3,609 * 1,467 * 9,198 3,6 ,63 31 * 6,1 ,13 38 * 5,461 ,461 * 2,261 ,261 *

58,904 25,747 31,861 * 18,314 * 57,125 29,6 ,64 43 * 40,0 ,07 77 * 56,59 56,592 2* 12,11 12,112 2*

66,247 29,913 35,470 * 19,781 * 66,323 33,274 * 46,216 * 62,05 62,053 3* 14,37 14,373 3*

14,377 4,977 5,800 * 4,574 * 9,777 5,137 * 8,113 * 12,68 12,682 2* 2,310 ,310 *

28,154 7,132 9,938 * 9,306 * 16,962 9,236 * 11,788 * 29 29,03 ,035 5* 3,158 3,158 *

42,531 12,109 15,738 * 13,880 * 26,739 14,374 * 19,901 * 41,71 41,717 7* 5,468 5,468 *

108,778 42,022 51,209 * 33,661 * 93,062 47,648 * 66,117 * 103,7 103,770 70 * 19,840 9,840 *

8,783 3,514 5,315 * 2,055 * 7,913 4,506 8,996 * 13,28 13,284 4* 1,29 1,290 *

8,737 2,676 5,161 * 2,392 * 6,605 4,299 3,817 * 4,53 ,533 * 1,51 ,518 *

126,298 48,212 61,685 * 38,108 * 107,580 56,453 78,930 * 121 121,587 ,587 * 22,64 22,649 9*

441,705

38,717

130,733 * 63,587 84,092 106,493 * 56,800 6,800 *

5,893 * 3,206 * 8,079 18,108 * 3,43 3,431 *

239,358

16,800

GREAT LAKES

50, 009

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  W  WISC ISCON ONSIN SIN

14,7 ,72 23 * 5,587 * 11,328 * 11,2 ,24 40 * 7,132 ,132 *

PLAINS

18,310

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTHWEST

3,573 * 2,103 * 4,8 ,89 92 * 2,8 ,87 77 * 2,900 931 * 1,035 29,857

This website  ARIZ stores  A RIZON ONA A data such as6,772 ,772 * NEW MEessential XICO cookies to enable site 2,429 * OKLAHOMA 3,869 functionality, as well as marketing, TEXAS 16,787 personalization, You ROCKand Y MOUanalytics. NTAINS 7,544 COLOR AD A DO ,177 * may change your settings at any 3time IDAHO or accept the Mdefault settings. 1,295996 ** ONTANA UTAH  W  WYO YOMIN NG G FAR WEST

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 W  WA ASH SHING INGTO TON N

1,516 * 596

236, 786

82,1 ,17 73 * 29,033 * 35,268 * 57,3 ,38 88 * 32,92 32,923 3* 118,034

19,507 * 15,402 * 21,9 ,99 92 * 32,2 ,22 25 * 18,749 4,737 * 5,423

286,796

96,896 * 34,620 * 46,596 * 68,629 * 40,05 40,055 5* 136,344

23,079 * 17,505 * 26,883 * 35,102 * 21,649 5,668 * 6,458

59,469

95,441

15,514 * 11,904 * 9,115 * 15,369 * 7,567 ,567 *

18,324 * 17,063 * 28,381 * 22,495 * 9,178 9,178 *

43,043

59,971

4,988 * 9,494 * 10,715 * 11,858 * 3,833 1,056 * 1,099

6,428 * 8,089 * 15,291 * 21,761 * 5,447 1,392 * 1,563

219,229

249,086

71,685

36,34 36,343 3* 12,159 * 25,673 145,053

43,11 43,115 5* 14,589 * 29,542 161,840

7,611 ,611 * 2,860 * 5,306 55,908

53,390

60,933

22,519 * 7,459 * 5,956 * 14,101 * 3,356 ,356

25,695 * 8,455 * 7,215 * 15,616 * 3,952 ,952

20,635

9,025 * 3,369 * 1,614 * 5,061 * 1,566 ,566

117,182

10 10,26 ,260 0* 3,860 * 6,921 96,141

154,910

33,838 * 28,967 * 37,496 * 37,864 * 16,74 16,745 5* 103,014

11,416 * 17,583 * 26,006 * 33,619 * 9,280 2,448 * 2,662

34,495 * 35,088 * 52,889 * 68,722 * 30,929 8,116 9,120

4,408 * 2,189 * 2,682 * 4,223 * 1,826 880 593

30,599

511,022

8,530 * 5,993 * 5,792 7,818 * 2,46 ,467 * 11,588

1,451 2,212 2,033 4,017 1,072 404 399

145,156 * 72,785 97,963 132,419 * 62,69 62,698 8* 267,746

* * * *

40,354 * 39,489 * 57,604 * 76,961 * 33,827   9,400 10,112

188,867

437,953

26,695

28,258

492,906

17,87 17,870 0* 6,720 * 12,227 152,049

60,986 0,986 * 21,309 41,769 313,889

2,97 2,970 * 1,314 4,805 17,606

2,31 ,317 * 1,056 2,745 22,140

66,27 66,273 3* 23,679 49,319 353,635

29,694

50,329

14,520 * 4,287 * 1,863 * 7,143 * 1,881 1,881

23,545 * 7,656 * 3,477 * 12,204 * 3,447 3,447

111,262

49,240 * 16,111 * 10,692 * 27,820 * 7,399 7,399

8,697

6,949

4,860 * 772 * 944 * 1,602 * 518 518

3,286 1,024 547 1,724 368 368

126,909

* * * *

57,387 * 17,907 * 12,183 * 31,146 * 8,285 ,285

30,764

174,294

205,058

74,639

97,538

172,177

377,235

31,691

26,859

435,786

647 18,54 ,546 * 684 2,111 *

3,397 ,397 113,12 ,123 * 5,255 13,180 *

4,044 ,044 131,66 ,668 * 5,939 15,291 *

1,888 ,888 51,06 ,060 * 2,167 4,403 *

3,6 3,686 86 65,97 ,970 * 3,092 6,714 *

5,574 5,574 117,0 ,03 30 * 5,259 11,117 *

9,618 9,618 248,6 ,69 99 * 11,198 26,408 *

466 466 21,9 ,95 54 * 1,461 3,370 *

460 460 18,674 * 497 1,560 *

10 10,54 ,544 4 289,3 ,32 27 * 13,156 31,338 *

3,917 ,857 9 ** 4 ,91

14,188 ,158 1 ** 25,18 25

18,105 ,015 1 ** 30,10 30

4,391 ,731 0 ** 10,39 10

5,986 ,096 0 ** 12 12,98

9,377 ,827 0 ** 23,37 23

23,482 7,882 30 ** 5 3,4

1,24 98 2 ** 3,14 3,1

2,52 ,12 44 4 ** 3 ,5

31,155 ,265 6 ** 60,15 60

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1,5 ,54 49,7 ,74 43 89,397

MEN 5

SECONDARY SCHOO SCHOOLL WOMEN 6

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92 

 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013 

SUMMARY TABLE G. ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARIES OF TOTAL INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF AND OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS, 2011–12 (REVISED) AND 2012–13 2011–12 (REVISED) AVERAGE SALARY FOR CLASSROOM TEACHERS ALL ELEM. SEC. TEACHERS 3 4 5

INSTR. STAFF 2

REGION AND STATE 1 50 STATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  VERMONT MID EAST DELAWARE D IS IST R RIIC T OF C O OLLU MB MBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA SOUTHEAST  ALABAMA  ALABAM A  ARKANSAS  ARKA NSAS FLORIDA

57,218 66,146 69,465 49,148 71,721 54,177 67,211 58,852 70,189 61,988 6 8, 8,720 67,444 71,284 74,944 63,815 49,822 50,039 49,927 47,785

GEORGIA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  VIRGINIA  VIRGINI A  WEST VIRGINIA VIRGINIA GR EAT LAKES ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WISCONSIN PLAINS IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI

55,409 51,959 52,611 44,651 45,947 49,769 49,342 50,574 47,321 57,932 57,636 50,225 61,560 59,834 57,649 51,514 52,539 47,782 59,733 49,934

* * * * * * * *

* *

* * *

*

* *

54,704 65,274 68,387 48,047 71,721 54,177 62,186 51,306 67,521 58,800 68,720 63,258 67,078 73,398 61,934 47,730 47,472 44,961 46,479

52,605 49,564 50,179 41,646 45,947 45,659 47,082 48,703 45,320 56,552 57,636 49,822 61,560 56,715 53,551 48,746 50,472 46,718 54,959 46,406

NEBRASKA 48,154 48,154 NORTH DAKOTA 47,738 46,058 SOUTH DAKOTA 40,455 38,832 SOUTHWEST 50,223 47,467 This website stores data such as * 48,691  ARIZONA  ARIZ ONA 48,691 EWenable MEXICO essential 4 7,799 45,378 cookiesNto site OKLAHOMA 46,176 44,043 functionality, TEXAS as well as marketing, 51,193 47,939 R OCKY MOUand NTAINanalytics. S 51,2You 09 49,016 personalization, COLORADO 51,258 48,631 may change your settings at50any time48,551 IDAHO ,611 * or accept default settings. MOthe NTAN A 48,546 * 48,546 UTAH 50,322 * 48,159  WYOMING 59,469 56,934 FAR WEST 64,431 63,293 Privacy ALASK Policy  ALASKA A 62,500 61,100 CALIFORNIA 68,531 68,306 HAWAII 55,849 54,070 Marketing NEVADA 55,022 * 54,559 OREGON 60,003 57,021 Personalization  WASHINGTON 55,255 52,066

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* * * * * * * *

* *

* * *

*

* *

*

* * *

*

56,226 65,026 69,776 46,529 71,721 54,177 * 62,186 * 51,306 * 68,044 58,800 * 68,7 2 20 0 * 62,244 67,078 * 73,398 * 61,934 * 47,998 48,601 47,417 46,479

55,418 65,334 69,465 47,338 71,721 54,177 62,186 51,306 67,890 58,800 68,720 63,634 67,078 73,398 61,934 47,933 48,003 46,314 46,479

53,450 50,135 50,179 * 41,646 * 45,947 45,921 47,082 48,703 * 45,320 * 56,595 57,636 * 49,970 61,560 56,715 * 54,369 48,963 49,772 46,718 54,959 * 46,406 *

52,938 49,730 50,179 41,646 45,947 47,428 47,082 48,703 45,320 56,656 57,636 50,516 61,560 56,715 53,792 48,840 50,240 46,718 54,959 46,406

48,154 46,058 38,737 48,502 48,691 * 46,280 45,219 48,831 49,511 49,477 48,551 * 48,546 * 48,159 * 57,539 64,239 63,750 68,584 54,070 54,559 * 57,984 52,446

48,154 46,058 38,804 47,915 48,691 45,622 44,391 48,373 49,246 49,049 48,551 48,546 48,159 57,222 63,785 62,425 68,531 54,070 54,559 57,348 52,232

2012–13 AVERAGE SALARY FOR CLASSROOM CLASSROOM TEACHERS ALL ELEM. SEC. TEACHERS 7 8 9

INSTR. STAFF 6

* * * * *

* *

* *

* *

*

* * *

*

58,315 67,223 69,766 50,000 73,129 55,599 68,821 60,697 71,943 63,256 70 ,9 ,906 69,173 72,990 76,865 65,240 50,435 49,875 50,950 48,262

55,383 52,498 53,960 45,519 45,947 50,598 50,607 51,785 48,507 59,040 59,113 51,484 61,560 61,266 58,999 52,693 53,886 48,759 61,307 51,228 48,931 49,159 41,264 50,177 49,885 48,885 45,994 50,901 52,269 52,147 51,837 50,003 51,572 60,003 66,097 66,919 70,087 55,757 56,433 61,389 56,509

*

* * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * *

* * * *

55,747 66,596 69,766 48,733 73,129 55,599 63,474 52,526 69,349 59,679 70,906 65,265 68,797 75,279 63,521 48,408 47,362 46,632 46,944

52,533 50,160 51,381 41,994 45,947 47,924 48,289 49,869 46,405 57,791 59,113 51 51,456 61,560 58,092 55,171 49,757 5 51 1,528 47,464 56,268 47,517 48,931 47,344 39,609 47,521 49,885 46,573 43,758 47,664 50,229 49,844 49,734 49,999 49,393 57,517 64,562 64,813 69,324 54,300 55,957 5 58 8,758 53,571

*

* * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * *

* * * *

57,243 66,008 69,766 47,177 73,129 55,599 63,474 52,526 69,952 59,679 70 0,,906 65,265 68,797 75,279 63,521 48,504 48,598 46,632 46,944

53,414 50,735 51,381 41,994 45,947 47,924 48,289 49,869 46,405 57,598 59,113 5 51 1,456 61,560 58,092 55,171 50,078 5 51 1,528 47,464 56,268 47,517 48,931 47,344 39,512 48,406 49,885 46,573 45,023 48,585 50,313 49,844 49,734 49,999 49,393 58,383 65,110 64,674 69,324 54,300 55,957 5 58 8,758 53,571

*

* * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * *

* * * *

56,383 66,386 69,766 48,119 73,129 55,599 63,474 52,526 69,671 59,679 70,906 65,265 68,797 75,279 63,521 48,446 47,949 46,632 46,944

52,880 50,326 51,381 41,994 45,947 47,924 48,289 49,869 46,405 57,723 59,113 5 51 1,456 61,560 58,092 55,171 49,895 5 51 1,528 47,464 56,268 47,517 48,931 47,344 39,580 47,903 49,885 46,573 44,128 48,110 50,267 49,844 49,734 49,999 49,393 57,920 64,831 65,468 69,324 54,300 55,957 5 58 8,758 53,571

ALL TEACHERS % CHANGE VERSUS 2011–12 2002–03 (CURRENT $$)) (CURRENT $) $) 10 11

*

* * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * * *

* * * * * * *

* *

* * * *

* * * *

1.74 1.61 0.43 1.65 1.96 2.62 2.07 2.38 2.62 1.50 3.18 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 1.07 –0.11 0.69 1.00

–0.11 1.20 2.39 0.84 0.00 1.05 2.56 2.39 2.39 1.88 2.56 1.86 0.00 2.43 2.56 2.16 2.56 1.60 2.38 2.39 1.61 2.79 2.00 –0.03 2.45 2.08 –0.59 –0.54 2.07 1.62 2.44 2.99 2.56 1.22 1.64 4.87 1.16 0.43 2.56 2.46 2.56

* * * * * * * *

*

* *

* * *

*

* * * *

*

* * *

* * *

23.4 32.9 26.0 24.9 41.2 32.7 24.3 26.6 33.1 20.5 39.7 31.4 28.0 42.0 23.6 20.0 25.4 22.2 16.5

* * * * * * * *

16.1 29.4 38.2 * 19.5 * 8.3 18.7   23.2 23.5 * 20.6 * 19.6 14.8 14.4 15.8 27.7 * 29.0 27.1 31.9 25.6 25.8 * 26.1 * 29.1 39.8 22.1 21.6 22.0 26.0 26.5 20.4 24.7 16.8 25.2 39.8 29.1 49.1 22.9 31.8 24.5 22.1 32.4 23.8 19.2

*

* * *

*

 

Tables for the 50 States and the District of Columbia  Columbia 

 

SUMMARY TABLE H. ESTIMATED REVENUE AND NONREVENUE RECEIPTS, 2011–12 (REVISED)

REGION AND STATE 1 50 STAT TATESAND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

FEDERAL 2 61,59 597,3 7,393 2,470,158

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  V  VEERMONT

717,048 * 344,913 * 927,514 165,936 * 171,607 * 143, 143,1 140 *

269, 9,5 520,409 14,931,527

3,645,286 * 1,091,616 * 6,866,896 1,011,511 * 699,582 * 1,6 1,616,6 16,637 37 *

256,872, 72,721 18,879,018

5,506,031 * 1,543,451 * 8,487,173 1,844,212 * 1,416,166 * 81, 81,986 986 *

MID EAST

8,406,252

50,751,475

64,799,792

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLA YLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLV SYLVA ANIA

158,884 * 106,973 * 923,327 * 797,638 * 4,570,381 * 1,8 84 49,04 ,049 *

1,346,472 * 0* 5,960,337 * 8,588,913 * 22,916,729 * 11,939 ,939,025 ,025 *

658,504 * 844,761 * 6,746,975 * 16,255,301 * 23,590,503 * 16,70 ,703,74 7 49 *

54,641,056

52,008,912

SOUTHEAST

14,831,522

TOTAL 5 587, 87,990,523 523 36,280,704

9,868,365 * 2,979,979 * 16,281,583 3,021,659 * 2,287,354 * 1,841, 841,7 763 63 * 123,957,519

2,163,860 * 951,733 * 13,630,639 * 25,641,852 51,077,612 * 30 30,,491,8 822 22 * 121,481,490

% OF RREEVEN VENUE RE RECEIP IPTTS LOCAL & FED FEDERAL STAT TATE OTHERS 6 7 8

NONRE NREVEN VENUE RECEIPTS ('000s) 9

 TOTA  TOTALL RECEIP RECEIPTS TS (COLS. 5 & 9) ('000s) 10

10.5 7.6

45.8 44.6

43.7 47.9

35,0 5,008,239 237,736

622,998, 98,762 36,518,440

7.3 * 11.6 * 5.7 5.5 * 7.5 * 7.8 *

36 36.9 * 36 36.6 * 4 42 2.2 33 33.5 * 30.6 * 87 87.8 .8 *

55 55.8 * 51 51.8 * 52 52.1 61 61.0 * 61.9 * 4.5 *

13,433 * 203,455 * 3,000 0* 0* 17 17,8 ,848 48 *

37.2

55.5

593,161

62 62.2 * 0.0 * 43 43.7 * 33.5 44 44.9 * 39.2 *

30 30.4 * 88.8 * 49 49.5* 63.4 46 46.2 * 54.8*

222,544 * 0* 204,115 * 8,082 * 0* 158,4 ,421 21 *

7.2

7.3 * 11.2 * 6.8 * 3.1 8.9 * 6.1 *

7,072,203

9,881,798 * 3,183,435 * 16,284,583 3,021,659 * 2,287,354 * 1,8 ,859 59,,61 611 1* 124,550,681

2,386,404 * 951,733 * 13,834,754 * 25,649,934 51,077,612 * 30,6 ,650 50,,243 *

13.0

47.8

39.2

 A  ALA LABA BAM MA  A  ARRKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA

822, 822,1 130 685, 685,6 655 3,122,488 1,826,119 *

3,9 3,928,7 28,731 31 2,5 2,544,2 44,241 41 8,702,049 7,650,661 *

2,286 ,286,,029 029 1,863 ,863,,314 314 12,274,148 8,627,415 *

7,036, 036,8 890 90 5,093, 093,2 210 10 24,098,685 18,104,195 *

11.7 13.5 13.0 10.1 *

55 55.8 .8 50 50.0 .0 36 36.1 42 42.3 *

32 32.5 .5 36 36.6 .6 50 50.9 47 47.7*

658 58,1 ,122 22 205 05,8 ,831 31 865,931 745,689 *

7,6 ,695 95,,012 012 5,2 ,299 99,,04 041 1 24,964,616 18,849,884 *

K EN KA Y LO UITSUIACN MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHCAROLINA TENNES ESSSEE  V  VIR IRG GINIA INIA  WE  WEST VIRGI IRGINIA

91 51 7,,9 79 61 5 1,2 681,546 * 1,780,763 992,553 1,259,549 998, 998,5 589 * 492, 492,3 374 *

2,,5 83 12 2,,4 3 37 00 8 2,210,715 * 7,575,076 3,460,076 4,090,164 6,0 6,006,2 06,296 96 * 2,1 2,128,2 28,269 69 *

2 3,,2 12 18 1,,3 88 51 7 1,426,377 * 3,733,616 3,443,259 3,440,359 8,609 ,609,,306 306 * 964, 64,851 851 *

5 7,,9 89 58 6,,6 11 56 6 4,318,638 * 13,089,455 7,895,888 8,790,071 15, 15,614, 614,1 191 91 * 3,585, 585,4 494 94 *

1 16 5..0 4 15.8 * 13.6 12.6 14.3 6.4 * 13.7 *

4 45 46 5..9 0 51 51.2 * 57.9 43.8 46 46.5 38 38.5 .5 * 59 59.4 .4 *

3 39 37 9..1 6 33 33.0 * 28.5 43.6 39 39.1 55 55.1 .1 * 26 26.9 .9 *

1,258 0,,0 80 18 9 283,221 * 0 1,690,931 432,496 459 59,6 ,654 54 * 471 71,5 ,500 00 *

6 9,,0 10 06 6,,6 92 74 5 4,601,860 * 13,089,455 9,586,819 9,222,567  16 16,0 ,073 73,,84 845 5* 4,0 ,056 56,,99 994 4*

GREAT LAKES

9,849,967

36,502,167

38,200,537

84,552,670

11.5

46.8

41.6

5,628,895 * 6,534,419 10,263,142 8,805,831 * 5,2 5,269 69,8 ,880 80 *

17,281,270 * 4,165,636 2,812,403 8,597,525 * 5,343 ,343,,703 703 *

26,328,292 11,746,322 15,024,192 19,181,592 * 12, 12,272, 272,2 272 72 *

13.0 8.9 13.0 9.3 * 13.5 *

21.4 55.6 55 68. 68.3 45.9 * 42 42.9 .9 *

65.6 35 35.5 18. 18.7 44.8 * 43 43.5 .5 *

2,189,401 * 476,714 8,695,961 0* 255 55,3 ,357 57 *

28,517,694 12,223,036 23,720,153 19,181,592 * 12 12,5 ,527 27,,62 629 9*

PLAINS

3,332,157

19,881,432

15,810,369

39,023,958

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA

464,290 444,267 661,081 * 1,195,853 * 235,827 120,803 210,036

SOUTHWEST

8,328,267

 A  ARRIZ IZO ONA 842, 842,1 186 * This website stores NEW MEXdata ICO such as 633,968 cookies to enable site 1,127,163 * OKLAHessential OMA T E X A S functionality, as well as marketing,5,724,950 ROCKY MOUNTAINS INS

1,90 9 05,547

personalization, COLand ORADOanalytics. You758,362 IDAHOsettings at any time 246,016 * may change your M O N T A N A 2 03,307 * or accept the default settings. UTAH 550,600 *  WY  WYOMING

147, 147,2 263

FAR WEST

 ALA LASK SKA A Privacy Policy A CALIFORNIA HAWAII NEVADA Marketing OREGON

12,473,523

Personalization  WA  WASH SHIN ING GTO TON N

2,628,424 3,156,882 8,690,184 * 3,415,790 * 1,114,175 480,719 395,258

2,603,532 2,070,896 1,427,985 * 6,702,297 * 1,725,232 593,371 687,056

9.5

11,617,433

128,553,693

3,418,127 * 1,046,267 1,948,647 1,778,236 * 1,658, 658,6 690 *

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CONSI ONSIN

96,170,103

4 45 5.7

4 44 4.8

4,085,543

43,109,501

5,696,246 5,672,045 10,779,250 * 11,313,940 * 3,075,234 1,194,893 1,292,350

8.2 7.8 6.1 * 10.6 * 7.7 10.1 16.3

46.1 55.7 80.6 80.6 * 30.2 30.2 * 36.2 4 40 0.2 3 30 0.6

45.7 36.5 13.2* 13.2* 59.2* 59.2* 56.1 49 49.7 53 53.2

656,066 100,000 1,467,743 * 1,580,552 * 31,556 22,433 227,193

6,352,312 5,772,045 12,246,994 * 12,894,491 * 3,106,790 1,217,326 1,519,543

31,640,743

30,727,467

70,696,478

13.7

51.5

3 34 4.9

6,543,824

77,240,301

5,7 5,717,4 17,462 62 * 2,449,780 2,812,608 * 20,660,893

4,205 ,205,,016 016 * 630,632 2,223,730 * 23,668,089

10, 10,764, 764,6 665 65 * 3,714,380 6,163,501 * 50,053,932

7.8 * 17.1 18.3 * 11.4

53 53.1 .1 * 6 66 6.0 45 45.6 * 41 41.3

39 39.1 .1 * 17 17.0 36 36.1* 47 47.3

0* 536,966 443,688 * 5,563,170

10 10,7 ,764 64,,66 665 5* 4,251,346 6,607,189 * 55,617,102

19 19,,463,222 2 22

10.3

53.0

36.8

1,022,084

20,485, 85,306

8.7 9.4 * 12.9 11.2 * 9.1

41.5 71.5 * 48.0 51.2 * 52 52.6 .6

49.8 19.1 * 39.1 37.6 * 38 38.3 .3

9,625,523

7,932,1 15 51

3,624,918 1,874,194 * 755,650 * 2,522,505 * 848,2 48,256 56

4,344,471 501,153 * 614,652 * 1,853,344 * 618, 18,532 532

8,727,751 2,621,363 * 1,573,608 4,926,449 * 1,614, 614,0 051 51

339,788 260,044 * 24,720 * 393,497 * 4,0 ,035 35

9,067,539 2,881,407 * 1,598,329 5,319,945 * 1,6 ,618 18,,08 086 6

51,546,485

28,514,474

92,534,482

12.2

57.2

30.5

3,836,255

96,370,737

341, 341,6 607 * 9,215,070 303,223 285,552 * 840,000

1,4 1,436,4 36,459 59 * 36,557,128 2,330,483 1,228,730 * 3,002,400

548, 48,014 014 * 19,591,712 42,359 1,998,615 * 2,680,900

2,326, 326,0 080 80 * 65,363,910 2,676,065 3,512,897 * 6,523,300

14.7 * 14.1 1 11 1.3 8.1 * 12.9

61 61.8 .8 * 55 55.9 87.1 35 35.0 * 46.0

23 23.6 .6 * 30 30.0 1. 1.6 56 56.9 * 41.1

182 82,3 ,386 86 * 0 0 2,547,534 * 150,000

2,5 ,508 08,,46 465 5* 65,363,910 2,676,065 6,060,432 * 6,673,300

1,488, 488,0 071 *

6,9 6,991,2 91,286 86 *

3,652 ,652,,874 874 *

12, 12,132, 132,2 230 30 *

12.3 * 57 57.6 .6 * 30 30.1 .1 *

956 56,3 ,335 35 *

13 13,0 ,088 88,,56 565 5*

Analytics Save

REVENUEE RECEIPTS REVENU RECEIP TS ('000s) LOCAL & STATE OTHE RS 3 4

Accept All

93 

 

94 

 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013 

SUMMARY TABLE I. ESTIMATED REVENUE AND NONREVENUE RECEIPTS, 2012–13

FEDERAL 2

REGION AND STATE 1 50 STAT TATESAND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

60,45 459,8 9,889 2,516,961

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  V  VER ERM MONT

756,535 * 366,556* 900,000 171,979 * 171,248* 15 150, 0,6 643 *

REVENUE RECEIPTS ('000s) LOCAL & STATE OTHE RS 3 4 275, 5,3 321,775 15,425,227

3,735,177 * 1,117,990 * 7,133,869 1,031,067 * 713,034 * 1,694,0 94,090 90 *

265,605, 05,411 19,518,043

5,698,050 * 1,611,034 * 8,687,173 1,941,739 * 1,490,926 * 89, 89,120 120 *

MID EAST

8,783,168

52,697,584

67,119,747

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLA YLAND NEW JE JERRSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLV SYLVA ANIA

166,186* 105,587 * 955,338 * 823,341 * 4,877,646 * 1,8 85 55,070* ,070*

1,407,102 * 0* 6,261,771 * 8,797,908 * 23,615,137 * 12,6 2,615,66 ,666 *

700,373 * 860,405 * 6,916,449 * 16,992,032 * 24,274,088 * 17,376 ,376,,400 *

56,378,785

53,385,788

SOUTHEAST

601, 01,387,075 075 37,460,230

10,189,762 * 3,095,580 * 16,721,042 3,144,785 * 2,375,208 * 1,933, 933,854 854 * 128,600,499

2,273,661 * 965,992 * 14,133,558 * 26,613,280 * 52,766,872 * 31 31,,847,1 136 36 *

 TO  TOTA TALL RECEIP RECEIPTS TS (COLS. 5 & 9) ('000s) 10

10.1 7.5

45.8 44.3

44.2 48.2

35,0 5,005,485 247,445

636,392, 92,560 37,707,675

7.4 * 11.8 * 5.4 5.5 * 7.2 * 7.8 *

36.7 * 36 36.1 * 4 42 2.7 32 32.8 * 30.0 * 87 87.6 .6 *

55.9* 52 52.0 * 52 52.0 61 61.7 * 62.8 * 4.6 *

13,507 * 213,231 * 3,000 0* 0* 17 17,7 ,706 06 *

7.2

37.3

5 55 5.5

593,673

7.3 * 10.9 * 6.8 * 3.1 * 9.2 * 5.8 *

61 61.9 * 0.0 * 44 44.3 * 33 33.1 .1 * 44 44.8 * 39.6 *

30 30.8 * 89.1 * 48 48.9* 63. 63.8 * 46 46.0 * 54.6*

223,855 * 0* 222,289 * 5,901 * 0* 141,6 ,62 28 * 6,905,443

10,203,269 * 3,308,811 * 16,724,042 3,144,785 * 2,375,208 * 1,9 ,951 51,,56 560 0* 129,194,172

2,497,516 * 965,992 * 14,355,847 * 26,619,182 * 52,766,872 * 31,9 ,98 88,76 7 64 *

12.7

47.7

39.6

83 835, 5,5 517 * 71 717, 7,4 428 * 2,875,745 1,881,895 *

3,952,9 52,951 51 * 2,574,4 74,447 47 * 9,716,708 7,690,036 *

2,252 ,252,,835 835 * 1,949 ,949,,690 690 * 11,921,892 8,760,325 *

7,041, 041,303 303 * 5,241, 241,564 564 * 24,514,345 18,332,256 *

11.9 * 13.7 * 11.7 10.3 *

56 56.1 .1 * 49 49.1 .1 * 39 39.6 41.9 *

32 32.0 .0 * 37 37.2 .2 * 48 48.6 47 47.8*

665 65,7 ,772 72 * 208 08,4 ,474 74 * 795,058 627,656 *

7,7 ,707 07,,07 075 5* 5,4 ,450 50,,03 038 8* 25,309,403 18,959,912 *

KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHCAROLINA TENNES ESSSEE  V  VIR IRG GINIA INIA  WES  WESTT VIRGI IRGINIA

967,342 1,246,335 * 672,648 * 1,548,431 997,495 1,314,883 * 1,0 013, 13,1 191 * 51 513, 3,9 992 *

2,840,595 3,638,083 * 2,224,430 * 7,780,104 3,474,608 4,244,215 * 6,049,2 49,284 84 * 2,193,3 93,324 24 *

2,250,666 3,203,054 * 1,474,924 * 4,555,052 3,687,730 3,501,576 * 8,838 ,838,,957 957 * 989, 89,088 088 *

6,058,603 8,087,472 * 4,372,001 * 13,883,587 8,159,833 9,060,674 * 15, 15,901, 901,432 432 * 3,696, 696,405 405 *

16.0 15.4 * 15.4 * 11.2 12.2 14.5 * 6.4 * 13.9 *

46.9 45.0 45.0 * 5 50 0.9 * 56.0 42.6 46 46.8 * 38 38.0 .0 * 59 59.3 .3 *

37.1 39.6* 39.6* 33 33.7 * 32.8 45.2 38 38.6* 55 55.6 .6 * 26 26.8 .8 *

8,088 1,281,284 * 283,347 * 0 1,706,656 441,907 * 379 79,4 ,422 22 * 507 07,7 ,780 80 *

6,066,691 9,368,756 * 4,655,349 * 13,883,587  9,866,489 9,502,581 * 16 16,2 ,280 80,,85 854 4* 4,2 ,204 04,,18 185 5*

36,592,385

38,837,629

85,906,393

12.1

46.6

41.4

5,572,832 * 6,686,026 * 10,263,142 8,770,598 * 5,299 99,7 ,787 87 *

17,950,382 * 4,071,688 * 2,812,403 8,444,289 * 5,558 ,558,,866 866 *

27,224,959 * 11,852,727 15,024,192 19,073,213 * 12, 12,731, 731,302 302 *

13.6 * 9.2 13.0 9.7 * 14.7 *

20 20.5 .5 * 56.4 68.3 46.0 * 41 41.6 .6 *

65.9* 65.9* 34.4 18 18.7 44.3 * 43 43.7 .7 *

2,174,710 * 429,792 8,695,961 0* 159 59,3 ,388 88 *

29,399,669 * 12,282,519 23,720,153 19,073,213 * 12 12,8 ,890 90,,69 690 0*

PLAINS

3,393,390

20,431,332

16,262,023

40,086,745

4 45 5.7

4 44 4.8

4,231,577

44,318,322

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTHDAKOTA

464,290 460,131* 605,510 * 1,264,759 * 258,411 * 118,363 221,926 *

46.2 55.3 * 81.7 81.7 * 29.8 29.8 * 36.1 * 4 41 1.1 30.1 30.1 *

45.7 36.8 * 12.8* 12.8* 59.4* 59.4* 55.9 * 49 49.3 53. 53.3 *

656,066 90,351 * 1,503,923 * 1,665,292 * 33,976 * 22,409 259,559 *

6,381,088 5,905,476 * 12,538,637 * 13,407,182 * 3,231,631 * 1,263,875 1,590,433 *

SOUTHWEST

8,043,370

 A  ARRIZO IZONA 87 878, 8,8 895 * This website NEWstores MEXICO data such 6as 62,054 cookies toOenable KLAHOMA essential site 1,222,078 * T E X A S 5 ,280,343 functionality, as well as marketing, ROCKY MOUNTAINS

1,93 9 34,302

personalization, and analytics.7You COLORADO 86,422 may change your settings at any IDAHO 253,time 843 * M O N T A N A 2 1 0 , 2 28* or accept the default settings. UTAH  WY  WYOMING FAR WEST

 A  ALA LASSKA Privacy Policy

CALIFORNIA HAWAII Marketing NEVADA OREGON

Personalization  WA  WASHIN NG GTO TON N

545,804* 13 138, 8,0 005

10,727,418

2,617,851 2,141,571 * 1,415,759 * 6,979,152 * 1,786,240 * 612,439 709,012 *

9.5

5,725,022 5,815,124 * 11,034,714 * 11,741,889 * 3,197,655 * 1,241,466 1,330,874 *

8.1 7.9 * 5.5 * 10.8 * 8.1 * 9.5 16.7 *

97,366,244

29,502,126

30,945,928

68,491,424

13.9

50.4

35.7

6,616,744

75,108,168

5,997,7 97,777 77 * 2,472,903 2,847,523 * 18,183,924

4,372 ,372,,238 238 * 662,971 2,305,288 * 23,605,431

11, 11,248, 248,909 909 * 3,797,928 6,374,889 * 47,069,698

7.8 * 17.4 19.2 * 11.2

53 53.3 .3 * 6 65 5.1 44.7 * 38 38.6

38 38.9 .9 * 17 17.5 36 36.2* 50 50.1

0* 593,841 459,733 * 5,563,170

11 11,2 ,248 48,,90 909 9* 4,391,769 6,834,622 * 52,632,868

20, 20,185,681 6 81

10.0

53.1

36.9

1,006,117

21,191,7 79 98

8.7 9.2 * 13.0 * 10.6 * 8.4

41.5 72.9 * 48.1 * 51.2 * 51 51.7 .7

49.8 17.9 * 38.9 * 38.2 * 39 39.8 .8

10,0 0,013,972

3,759,040 2,004,370 * 776,775 * 2,627,361 * 846,4 46,426 26

8,237, 37,406

4,505,216 491,050 * 627,940 * 1,961,420 * 651, 51,780 780

9,050,678 2,749,263 * 1,614,943 * 5,134,585 * 1,636, 636,211 211

352,360 248,818 * 24,237 * 376,611 * 4,0 ,091 91

9,403,038 2,998,081 * 1,639,181 * 5,511,197 * 1,6 ,640 40,,30 302 2

54,280,363

31,298,847

96,306,628

11.7

57.3

31.0

3,944,633

37 373, 3,9 912 7,296,528 269,514 296,172 * 889,482 *

1,546,1 46,177 77 38,984,813 2,299,192 1,276,283 * 3,023,373 *

590, 90,884 884 22,081,246 56,745 2,014,886 * 2,758,968 *

2,510, 510,973 973 68,362,587 * 2,625,451 3,587,341 * 6,671,824 *

14.9 10.7 * 1 10 0.3 8.3 * 13.3 *

61 61.6 .6 57.0 * 87.6 35 35.6 * 45 45.3 *

23 23.5 .5 32.3 * 2. 2.2 56 56.2 * 41 41.4 *

185 85,5 ,577 77 0* 0 2,757,590 * 119,406 *

2,6 ,696 96,,55 550 0 68,362,587 * 2,625,451 6,344,930 * 6,791,230 *

1,6 601, 01,8 810 *

7,150,5 50,524 24 *

3,796 ,796,,118 118 *

12, 12,548, 548,453 453 *

12.8 * 57 57.0 .0 * 30 30.3 .3 *

882 82,0 ,060 60 *

13 13,4 ,430 30,,51 513 3*

Analytics Save

2,642,881 3,213,423 * 9,013,445 * 3,497,978 * 1,153,005 * 510,664 399,936 *

11,459,851

131,254,919

3,701,745 * 1,095,012 1,948,647 1,858,326 * 1,8 872, 72,6 649 *

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CON ONSI SIN

10,476,379

124,349,475

NONRE NREVEN VENUE RECEIPTS ('000s) 9

 A  ALA LABBAMA  A  ARRKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA

GREAT LAKES

14,584,902

TOTAL 5

% OF OF RE REVEN VENUE RE RECEIP IPTTS LOCAL & FEDE EDERAL STAT TATE OTHERS 6 7 8

Accept All

100,251,262

 

Tables for the 50 States and the District of Columbia  Columbia 

 

95 

SUMMARY TABLE J. ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 2011–12 (REVISED)

 TOTA  TOTALL CCURR URRENT ENT EX EXPEN PENDIT DITURE URESS FOR PUBLI PUBLICC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS AMOUNT PER STUDENT ( '000s) IN ADA IN ENR 2 3 4

REGION AND STATE 1 50 STAT TATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

533,285,038 31,537,848

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  VER  VERM MONT MID EAST

8,754,218 * 1,923,575 14,226,351 2,785,175 * 2,288,435 * 1,560,0 60,093 93 * 113,663,474

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA SOUTHEAST

1,870,280 * 1,075,378 * 12,483,281 * 25,173,271 * 48,728,644 * 24,332,620 * 111,445,876

 ALA  ALABA BAM MA  AR  ARKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  VIR  VIRG GINIA INIA  WES  WESTT VIRGI IRGINIA GREAT LAKES

ILLINOI S INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CONSI ONSIN PLAINS

6,330,4 30,406 06 4,419,6 19,663 63 22,455,884 16,147,565 * 6,489,767 7,032,638 4,439,947 * 12,143,533 6,330,842 8,228,470 14,105,0 05,099 99 * 3,322,0 22,062 62 *

 ALA  ALASK SKA A CALIFORNIA Marketing HAWAII NEVADA

Personalization

ORAESH GOING NGTO  WA  W SHIN TON N

Analytics Save

Accept All

15,790 10,396 14,938 14,587 16,683 18,571 571

77,422 * 7,534 * 71,395 8,289 * 30,864 * 74 74,03 ,032 *

46,468,645 1,503,734

835,287 * 0* 525,728 52,577 * 27,909 * 62, 2,23 233 3*

INTEREST ON SCHOOL DEBT ('000s) 7 20,352,780 679,274

186,447 * 138,472 248,675 47,203 * 44,034 * 14 14,4 ,442 42 *

15,562

15,662

2,762,710

7,300,404

3,439,281

14,396 13,952 14,616 18,485 18,616 13,904

23,931 * 2,445 * 278,814 * 134,159 * 1,439,435 * 883,926 *

315,500 * 315,314 * 935,597 * 97,396 * 2,922,590 * 2,714,007 *

163,790 * 0* 178,567 * 519,493 * 1,338,608 * 1,238,823 *

2,290,499

7,576,018

3,423,710

9,892

9,482

8,983 983 9,511 511 8,718 9,986 10,340 10,672 9,859 9,015 9,467 9,122 12, 12,125 125 10, 10,907 907

8,597 597 9,440 440 8,436 9,586 9,847 9,998 9,060 8,492 8,776 8,577 11,192 192 11,777 777

12,325

11,720

12,455 10,820 13,313 9,842 12,172 172

4,679,920 4,595,073 9,570,954 * 8,840,014 * 2,829,833 839,400 1,149,783 *

9,870,17 ,171 269,536

CAPITAL OUTLAY ('000s) 6

16,399 13,952 15,528 17,416 15,592 14,487

12,991 11,255 13,487 11,239 12, 12,653 653

1,439,664 * 4,091,494 * 1,483,1 83,189 89

Privacy PolicyFAR WEST

15,137 11,182 15,838 15,335 19,940 24, 24,056 056

86,868,432

OUTHWEST This website Sstores data such as 58,393,819  AR  ARIZ IZO ONA 7,170,0 70,012 12 * cookies to enable site NEW MEessential XICO 3,404,056 KLAwell HOMAas marketing, 5,516,562 * functionality, O as TEXAS personalization, and analytics. You4127,,390636,,168394 ROCKY MOUNTAINS may change your at any time COLORAsettings DO 8,542,817 I D A H O 2,409,471 * or accept the default settings.

MONTANA UTAH  WY  WYOMING

10,834 15,161

26,000,851 * 11,256,363 20,550,241 * 18,458,308 * 10,602,6 02,669 69 * 32,504,977

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA

11,254 16,915

CURRENT EXPENDITURES OTHER PROGRAMS 5

10,613

9,641

10,376 10,901 12,525 10,529 10,461 9,743 9,753

9,435 9,518 11,398 9,760 9,402 8,757 9,218

125 25,33 ,330 30 30,29 ,299 769,415 34,338 * 62,752 30,004 10,771 * 0 98,762 172,884 910 10,87 ,875 * 45 45,06 ,069 * 1,161,378

52 526, 6,6 630 30 61 617, 7,7 733 33 1,837,071 137,552 * 540,732 1,025,473 15,241 * 616,161 994,595 91,568 98 987, 7,37 379 9* 18 185, 5,88 882 2*

132 32,0 ,088 88 130 30,8 ,814 14 708,039 259,097 * 179,491 119,506 74,355 * 0 413,137 252,420 665 65,2 ,257 57 * 489 89,5 ,507 07 *

 TOTAL  TOTAL OF OF COLUMNS 2, 5, 6, & 7 ('000s) 8 609,976,634 33,990,391

9,853,375 * 2,069,581 15,072,149 2,893,244 * 2,391,242 * 1,710,8 800 00 * 127,165,869

2,373,501 * 1,393,137 * 13,876,259 * 25,924,318 54,429,277 * 29,169,376 * 124,736,104

7,114,4 454 54 5,198,5 509 09 25,770,409 16,578,551 * 7,272,742 8,207,621 4,540,314 * 12,759,694 7,837,336 8,745,342 16 16,66 ,668,6 611 11 * 4,042,5 520 20 *

3,353,490

2,518,634

93,901,934

471,932 * 55,709 292,517 * 0* 341 41,22 ,220 *

1,933,000 * 817,830 0* 0* 60 602, 2,66 660 0*

877,822 * 1,251,703 63,073 0* 326 26,0 ,036 36 *

29,283,605 13,381,605 20,905,831 * 1 18 8,458,308 * 11 11,87 ,872,5 585 85 *

833,468

4,732,958

1,209,732

39,281,135

42,263 0 491,440 * 200,288 * 12,071 84,436 2,970 *

922,373 874,324 1,750,960 * 754,079 * 167,833 87,956 175,433 *

101,997 202,647 470,781 * 319,210 * 73,548 13,104 28,445 *

5,746,553 5,672,044 12,284,135 * 10,113,591 * 3,083,285 1,024,896 1,356,631

8,854

8,417

368,796

8,591,514

4,097,101

71,451,231

6,844 844 10,608 8,835 9,128

6,683 683 10,203 8,285 8,498

0* 3,651 22,182 * 342,963

80 807, 7,59 596 6* 650,539 576,766 * 6,556,613

645 45,4 ,427 27 * 68,855 64,571 * 3,318,249

8,623,0 035 35 * 4,127,101 6,180,081 * 52,521,014

11,971

10,430

176,494

2,434,308

10,783 8,888 12,992 9,234 17, 17,958 958

10,001 8,323 10,309 6,849 16,666 666

59,536 0* 0* 106,049 * 10 10,90 ,909

850,861 549,314 * 27,620 * 759,970 * 24 246, 6,54 543 3 10,976,219

695,998

448,295 87,463 * 13,056 * 146,142 * 1,0 ,042 42

21,273,434

9,901,509 3,046,248 * 1,480,339 5,103,655 * 1,741,6 683 83

80,903,976

11,953

11,189

2,007,290

4,289,050

98,176,535

2,175,0 75,031 31 * 56,164,146 2,116,089 3,876,421 *

18, 18,433 433 9,160 13,013 8,195

17,032 032 9,053 11,906 8,247

11 11,93 ,935 * 1,783,298 59,445 25,001 *

29 297, 7,22 220 0* 6,915,760 189,426 865,118 *

30 30,6 ,630 30 * 3,019,500 222,989 304,692 *

2,514,8 816 16 * 67,882,704 2,587,949 5,071,232 *

,11 2,,789 50 0* 16 0,4 59,7 59 89

1 2,,2 32 10, 10 682 68 2*

1 8900 7* 10 0,,000 0

27,61 ,000 100 00,61 2*

735 ,0 00 2,3 3 333, 3,69 694 4*

2 5,,239 00 0* 48 26 26,2 39

6,,32 790, 9,3 5 030 13 13,32 334 4*

 

96 

 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013 

SUMMARY TABLE K. ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 2012–13

 TOT  TOTAL AL CUR CURRRENT EXPENDITU PENDITURES RES FOR PPUB UBLIC LIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS AMOUNT PER STUDENT ( '000s) IN ADA IN ENR 2 3 4

REGION AND STATE 1 50 STAT TATES AND D.C. NEW ENGLAND

545,946,202 32,353,141

CONNECTICUT MAINE MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE RHODE ISLAND  V  VER ERM MONT

9,028,768 * 1,909,049 * 14,510,878 2,906,389 * 2,371,526 * 1,626,5 26,531 31 *

MID EAST

118,042,144

DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARYLAND NEW JERSEY NEW YORK PENNSY SYLLVANIA SOUTHEAST

 A  ALA LABA BAM MA  A  ARRKANS NSA AS FLORIDA GEORGIA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE  V  VIR IRG GINIA INIA  WES  WESTT VIRGI IRGINIA GREAT LAKES

ILLINOIS INDIANA MICHIGAN OHIO  WIS  WISC CON ONSI SIN PLAINS

IOWA KANSAS MINNESOTA MISSOURI NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA

1,951,607 * 1,095,081 * 13,091,838 * 26,191,279 * 50,557,879 * 25,154,459 * 115,512,802

FAR WEST Privacy Policy

11,068 15,785

15,499 * 11,218 * 16,099 * 16,093 * 21,832 * 26, 26,103 103 *

16,272 * 10,414 * 15,211 * 15,394 * 17,666 * 19,7 752 52 *

191,797 * 140,929 * 253,648 46,579 * 45,874 * 14 14,4 ,450 50 *

16,311

2,875,305

7,537,352

3,624,806

25,610 * 1,926 * 284,254 * 137,907 * 1,476,720 * 948,888 *

332,682 * 331,443 * 949,979 * 79,468 * 2,992,303 * 2,851,477 *

179,285 * 0* 189,558 * 548,781 * 1,394,343 * 1,312,838 *

2,317,979

7,001,645

3,519,907

10,334

9,959

89,153,565

12,589

12,048

26,939,240 * 11,596,959 * 21,125,306 * 18,565,446 * 10,926,6 26,614 14 *

13,356 * 11,500 * 13,979 * 11,313 * 12, 12,798 798 *

12,927 * 11,129 * 13,686 * 9,941 * 12,5 555 55 *

1,477,848 * 4,338,085 * 1,500,4 00,494 94

869,954 * 0* 536,242 36,343 * 26,691 * 62,7 754 54 *

21,302,472 693,276

14,890 * 14,406 * 15,287 * 19,291 * 19,523 * 14,467 * 8,7 779 79 * 13,2 215 15 * 8,637 * 9,654 * 9,891 * 10,310 * 9,427 * 8,433 * 8,898 * 8,695 * 11,4 457 57 * 12,1 116 16 *

4,705,660 4,711,613 * 9,809,355 * 9,152,005 * 2,917,392 * 847,971 1,185,183 *

79,090 * 5,764 * 72,823 8,408 * 34,553 * 75 75,55 ,559 *

46,170,584 1,531,984

INTEREST ON SCHOOL DEBT ('000s) 7

16,120

9,547 547 * 12, 12,960 960 * 8,797 * 10,004 * 10,257 * 10,955 * 10,283 * 8,878 * 9,607 * 9,291 * 12, 12,418 418 * 11, 11,006 006 *

33,329,179

10,066,824 276,197

CAPITAL OUTLAY ('000s) 6

17,138 * 14,406 * 16,262 * 17,938 * 15,974 * 15,000 *

6,458,2 58,200 00 * 6,247,2 47,276 76 * 22,894,208 16,439,002 * 6,551,319 7,302,349 * 4,612,173 * 12,105,598 6,441,807 8,519,030 * 14,522,5 22,578 78 * 3,419,2 19,263 63 *

SOUTHWEST 6,404,122 This website stores data such 5as  A  ARRIZO IZONA 7,433,8 33,868 68 * cookies to enable NEW MEXICO essential site3,499,613 OKLAHas OMAwell as marketing, 5,689,583 * functionality, TEXAS 39,781,058 personalization, and analytics.18You ROCKY MOUNTAINS ,683,106 may change your COLORADO settings at any 8,85time 8,907 AHO default settings. 2,507,772 * or acceptIDthe

MONTANA UTAH  WY  WYOMING

11,455 17,807

CURRENT EXPENDITURE OTHER PROGRAMS 5

10,840

10,503 * 11,052 * 12,820 * 10,872 * 10,494 * 10,095 * 10,047 *

9,806

9,411 * 9,689 * 11,632 * 10,093 * 9,621 * 8,849 * 9,347 *

129 29,10 ,103 * 31 31,20 ,208 * 760,493 33,181 * 63,380 29,695 * 11,076 * 0 96,625 182,636 * 933 33,61 ,617 * 46 46,96 ,966 * 1,173,455

51 519, 9,0 019 19 * 68 686, 6,4 472 72 * 1,421,286 82,244 * 545,542 1,063,759 * 0* 480,806 986,476 83,700 * 93 939, 9,8 897 97 * 19 192, 2,4 443 43 *

134 34,6 ,602 02 * 136 36,3 ,339 39 * 718,872 264,776 * 181,286 122,819 * 74,910 * 0 440,550 266,373 * 653 53,4 ,408 08 * 525 25,9 ,971 71 *

 TOTAL  TOTAL OF OF COLUMNS 2, 5, 6, & 7 ('000s) 8 623,486,082 34,854,598

10,169,609 * 2,055,742 * 15,373,591 2,997,719 * 2,478,644 * 1,779,2 293 93 * 132,079,606

2,489,184 * 1,428,450 * 14,515,629 * 26,957,436 * 56,421,245 * 30,267,663 * 128,352,333

7,240,9 925 25 * 7,101,2 295 95 * 25,794,859 16,819,203 * 7,341,527   8,518,621 * 4,698,159 * 12,586,404 7,965,458 9,051,740 * 17 17,04 ,049,5 500 00 * 4,184,6 643 43 *

3,453,992

2,529,838

96,310,850

476,822 * 54,777 * 281,800 * 0* 360 60,05 ,056 *

2,030,094 * 809,795 * 0* 0* 61 614, 4,1 103 03 *

935,916 * 1,276,297 * 63,073 0* 254 54,5 ,552 52 *

30,382,072 * 13,737,828 21,470,179 * 18,565,446 * 12 12,15 ,155,3 325 25 *

858,519

4,843,799

1,247,852

40,279,348

42,496 0* 509,028 * 205,780 * 12,308 * 85,973 2,934 *

922,372 917,721 * 1,801,532 * 755,007 * 168,560 * 87,327 191,279 *

101,997 216,695 * 485,223 * 330,180 * 70,385 * 13,500 29,871 *

5,772,525 5,846,030 * 12,605,138 * 10,442,972 * 3,168,646 * 1,034,771 1,409,267 *

8,813

8,428

376,292

8,661,341

4,516,175

69,957,930

7,021 021 * 10,814 * 9,017 * 8,400 *

6,9 949 49 * 10,397 * 8,481 * 7,886 *

0* 3,387 24,214 * 348,691

81 812, 2,0 005 05 * 687,869 604,854 * 6,556,613

675 75,8 ,821 21 * 75,183 68,195 * 3,696,976

8,921,6 694 94 * 4,266,052 6,386,846 * 50,383,338

12,295

10,616

186,118

2,567,201

10,997 * 9,113 * 13,663 * 9,801 * 17, 17,899 899 *

10,199 * 8,528 * 10,645 * 7,129 * 16,5 577 77 *

61,739 0* 0* 105,987 * 18 18,39 ,392

882,343 615,941 * 25,753 * 793,746 * 24 249, 9,4 418 18

22,170,943

10,267,871 3,219,642 * 1,516,755 * 5,397,481 * 1,769,1 195 95

82,468,143

12,261

11,505

2,002,958

4,436,100

99,480,472

2,327,3 27,366 66 56,915,201 * 2,052,903 4,062,646 *

19, 19,662 662 * 9,280 * 12,721 * 8,340 *

18,1 192 92 * 9,202 * 11,569 * 8,501 *

14 14,08 ,083 1,775,680 * 56,287 26,259 *

33 338, 8,9 990 90 6,354,368 * 205,030 901,446 *

24,8 24,809 09 3,097,549 * 254,332 321,994 *

2,705,2 248 48 68,142,798 * 2,568,552 5,312,344 *

ORAESH GOING NGTO 6,219,7 90,774 ,274 53 ** 12,,964 594 6 ** 10, 1,3 2513 4 ** 27,21 ,439 0 **  WA  W SHIN TON N 10,8 19 10, 10 96 1 313 103 03,21 NOTE: ADM = AVERAGE DAIL DAILYY MEMBERSHIP; ADA = AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE; ATTENDANCE; ENR = ENROLLMENT. Analytics

3 94 495 2 ** 2, 2,37 378, 8,,9 4 495

2 8,,254 154 62 ** 49 39 39,2

7,74 ,010, 0,7 7842 8 ** 13 13,74 742

 A  ALA LASK SKA A CALIFORNIA Marketing HAWAII NEVADA

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10,573,271

734,519

464,882 95,929 * 13,154 * 159,663 * 891

 

 

State N Notes otes ffor or Ra Ranki nkings ngs and Estimate Estimates s

T

GEORGIA:  State revenue includes “on behalf” revenues (health insurance and retirement  premiums) and “state schools” revenues. re venues.

he NEA recognizes that each state’s department of education (DOE) has its own system of accounting and reporting for state executive and legislative branch purposes. As a result, it is not always possible to obtain completely comparable data for every state. For this reason, NEA Research encourages each state department of education to include any clarifying information that is necessary for a proper interpretation of the data supplied. In response, state education departments have provided the following clarifying and explanatory information.

Total current expenditure includes “on behalf”  payments (health insurance and retirement  premiums) and “state schools” expenditures. expe nditures. ILLINOIS:  Salary data may include extra-duty  pay. School districts report total salary as the amount reported to the Teacher Retirement System.

CALIFORNIA : California has more than 500 schools that cannot be categorized as either “Elementary” or “Secondary.” Therefore, “Elementary” personnel include teachers from elementary, middle, junior high, and special education schools, and teachers from county and district offices not assigned to a school site. “Secondary” personnel are deemed to include teachers from senior high, continuation, alternative, community day, juvenile hall/court,

IOWA:  2006 average teacher salary calculated according to NEA instructions. Numbers for  previous years ye ars had not been calculated cal culated this way.

and K–12 schools. The California legislature determines the amount of property taxes used to fund schools. This website stores data such asdo not have authority to raise Local school boards cookies to enable essential any revenue forsite district instructional programs. functionality, as well as marketing, The enrollment projections do not include personalization, and analytics. You ungraded enrollment.

 breakdown or on the differences difference s in salaries among “elementary” and “secondary” schools. For this report, the NEA has estimated the teacher gender breakdown and the difference in salaries using a formula acceptable to the Kansas DOE.

KANSAS:  The Kansas State Board of Education includes in its average teacher salary three separate forms of compensation: base teaching salary, supplemental salary, and fringe benefits.

Kansas does not keep data on teacher gender

may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings. DELAWARE:  For fiscal

LOUISIANA: With the exception of average teacher salary data, the scope of Louisiana’s data reported for 2001-2002 and subsequent years was expanded to encompass the public school agencies  beyond our regular city/parish city/parish school districts. districts. This revision makes NEA data more comparable to what we have historically reported to NCES. 

and reporting  purposes, the state treats t reats charter char ter schools as if they were public school districts without geographic Privacy Policy  boundaries. Marketing DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:  DOE-provided Personalization

data exclude charter schools.

1. Effective 2010-2011, the single-school Louisiana School for the Visually Impaired (LEA

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98 

 Rankings & Estimates Estimates 2012–2013 

305) closed as a separate agency; and its school transferred to the (renamed) LA Schools for the Deaf and the Visually Impaired (LEA 304), making this a two-school agency. 2. Effective 2007-2008, students enrolled in schools operated by the Office of Youth Development (previously within the La Department of Corrections) were reported within the LDOE student data system; and the OYD included in the above district/agency counts. Effective 2008-2009, OYD was re-designated the Office of Juvenile Justice (OJJ). 3. RSD = Recovery School District. The stateoperated RSD schools are mainly in Orleans Parish; however, effective 2010-11 some were in other parishes. The remainder of the RSD (within Orleans and other parishes) consists of contractor-operated type 5 charter school agencies. Each agency may have multiple schools. The Louisiana average salaries for instructional staff and classroom teachers are calculated using all regular salaries and bonuses relating to the assigned duty or duties performed  by each applicable school district or agency employee. Overtime payments, stipends, and  benefits are excluded. The methodology for these calculations is documented at: http://www.louisianaschools.net/lde/uploads/317 9.pdf. MAINE:   Enrollment figures only include students attending public schools and does not include those students attending private schools This website stores data such as at public expense. cookies to enable essential site Average teacher salaries since 2008 do functionality, as well as marketing, not include payments by the Maine Department personalization, and analytics. You of Education to bring teachers paid below may change your settings at any time $30,000 up tosettings. the $30,000 minimum salary. or accept the default MICHIGAN: The data in this report can be found http://www.michigan.gov/cepi. The average PrivacyatPolicy salary of teachers is not an FTE-weighted average. Marketing The average salary is determined by taking the total salaries for all full-time K–12 instructional Personalization  professional staff and dividing that figure by the Analyticsof full-time K–12 staff. number Save

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The Michigan Department of Education (MDE) does not collect elementary and secondary salaries or teacher counts based on gender for full-time equivalents. Added costs for instructors are broken down in the same ratio as students. Special Education, Compensatory Education, and other added needs are divided into  proportions of 69.5 percent “elementary” “element ary” and 30.5 percent percent “secondary.” “secondary.” Vocational education teachers are all considered “secondary.” The MDE does not collect aggregate daily totals on attendance. A definition of “average daily attendance” (ADA) is written in Michigan state law as 92 percent of the total reported enrollment in Michigan’s school districts. The MDE’s “elementary” enrollment was computed as K–6 and “secondary” enrollment as grades grades 7–12. Special education was divided into proportions of 69.5 percent “elementary” and 30.5 percent “secondary.” During fiscal 1994–95, 40 public school academies were established. They began operation in fiscal 1996–97. “School academies” are charter schools that for certain purposes are counted as school districts. Legislation passed in 1994 changed the major source of revenue from local to state funds. MINNESOTA:   Short-term debt is included in the total current expenditure figure. Minnesota’s alternate-year teacher contract negotiations result in understated salaries for off years because, in the absence of accurate data, the school districts often report data from

the prior year. Consequently, the Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning no longer will supply salary estimates for off years. The NEA will submit its own estimates for these years. The total school district data include charter school districts. NEBRASKA: The number of classroom teachers and the data on teacher salaries do not include substitute teachers. “Elementary” “Elementary ” enrollment data are considered to comprise grades pre–K–8. Total number of classroom teachers consists of elementary (elementary and junior high/middle school and secondary (secondary).