Nursing School Drug Chart

Published on April 2017 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 201 | Comments: 0 | Views: 278
of 13
Download PDF   Embed   Report

Comments

Content


Class Drug Therapeutic Uses Action Adverse Effects Drug Interactions
1st generation
NSAID
Aspirin 1st generation
NSAID
MI, Inflammation,
Hyperpyremia, Pain,
Suppress platelet
aggregation,
dysmenorrhea, Cancer
prevention, Alzheimer's
prevention, thrombotic
events, ischemic stroke
Irreversible Inhibits
COX-1 and COX-2
(COX-1 good, cox
convert arachidonic
acid to prostandins
GI effects, Bleeding, renal
impairment, Salicylism,
Reye's syndrome,
Hypersensitivity
reactions, ulceration
promotion, MI stroke
Warfarin (make bleeding
worse), Glucocorticoids,
Alcohol, Ibuprofen,
Heparin
2nd generation
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
2nd generation
Pain, Fever (NOT ANTI-
INFLAMMATORY)
Inhibits
prostaglandins in CNS
Liver injury, Kidneys
Alcohol, Warfarin
(increases bleeding)
2nd generation
NSAIDs
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Arthrits, Pain,
Inflammation,
Dysmenorrhea Suppress
inflammation, reduces
fever, protection from
colorectal cancer
Inhibits COX-2 (bad)
Gastroduodenal
Ulceration, Cardiovascular
Events, Renal impairment,
Sulfa allergy, pregnancy,
promotes MI stroke
Warfarin, Furosemide
(decreases Diuretic
effect), ACEI (decreases
Antihypertensive effects),
Increase Lithium and
fluconazole
ADP's Clopidogrel (Plavix)
prevent corinary artery
blockage, decreases
thombotic events, MI,
ischemic stroke, vascular
death
antiplatelet, blocks
ADP receptors
adverse affects as aspirin
omeprazole, decreases
antiplatelet effect
Alpha-Glucosidase
Inhibitors
Acarbose (Precose)
Anti-hyperglycemic -
prevents sugar from
going up. Take w/ first
bite of food.
Inhibits carb digestion
and absorption,
thereby decreasing
the postprandial rise
in blood glucose
GI symptoms: flatulence,
cramps, abd distention. If
treated hypoglycemia
must use glucose tablets
or milk
Contraindicated in pts w/
chronic intestinal
problems, liver cirrhosis
or serum creatinine
levels greater than 2.0
(kidney problems)
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
(Garamycin) IV, IM
*aminoglycosides,
Parental therapy-
serious infections, PO
therapy- local affects,
GI tract, Topical
Therapy-ear, eye, &
skin
Bacerialcidal (á
concentraction) >
rapidly infection will
clear Aerobic Gram-
Bacterial Inhibitor of
protein synthesis,
Narrow spectrum
ototoxicity, interpatient
variation,
Nephrotoxicity
PCN (inactivates)
Cephalosporins &
Vacomycin, ototoxic
drugs, nephrotoxic
drugs, skeletal muscle
relaxants ( respiratory
arrest)
Amylin Mimetic
Pramlintide acetate
(Symlin)
Anti-hyperglycemic -
prevents sugar from
going up. Type 1 or Type
2
Used in conjunction
w/insulin. ↓ gastric
emptying, prevents ↑
postprandial glucose;
and ↑ satiety → ↓
food intake and
potential weight loss
When administered w/
insulin → ↑↑ risk of
hypoglycemia (within 3
hrs of injection)
Oral drugs should be
taken 1 hr before
injection or 2 hrs after
because Symlin can
delay absorption
Angina Pectoris Nitroglyerine angina vasodilator
headached, orthostatic
hypotension, reflex
tachycardia, dizziness
hypotensives, PDE5
inhibitors (Viagra, Cialis,
Levitra), beta blockers,
verapmil, diltiazem
Angiogenesis
Inhibitor
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
metastic cancer of the
colon or rectum, HER-2
negative breast
cancer, nonsquamous
non-small cell lung
cancer
Prevents VEGF from
promoting new
vessel formation
GI perforation,
disruption of wound
healing, pulmonary
hemorrhage,
thromboembolism,
hypertension
Anti tuberculosis
Rifampin (rifapentine,
rifandin) PO,IV
TB, Leprosy
Bacterialcidal
Gram+ & Gram-
inhibits suppress
RNA protein
synthesis
Hepatotoxicity
discoloration of body
fluids (red-orange)
decrease the effects of
other drugs: PO
contraceptives, warfin,
HIV drugs
Anti tuberculosis INH (Isoniazid) PO, IM
Treatment and
prophylaxis of TB
Active (drug combo)
(bacterialcidal) or
Latent TB
(adminalone)
(bacteriostatic)
Peripheral neuropathy,
(paresthesias (tingling,
numblin))
Hepatotoxicity (signs of
hepatotoxicity:
anorexia, malaise,
fatigue, nausea,
jaundice.)
Phenytoin, alcohol,
rifampin, pyrazinamide
Anti tuberculosis Pyrazinamide PO TB
Antimicrobial
activity
Hepatotoxicity (ascites
b/g sign of liver failure
hepatotoxic
Anti-Cancer
Fluorouracil (Pyrimidine
Analog) IV
Solid tumors Pallative
carcinomas of the
colon, rectum, breast,
stomach, and pancreas
inhibits thymidylate
synthetase, Phase
non-specific
Bone marrow
suppression
(neutopenia) PO and GI
ulceration, Stomatitis,
diarrhea, alopecia,
Hyperpigmentation,
neurologic deficits
Anti-Cancer Leuprolide (Lupron) Prostate cancer
GnRH agonists
suppress production
of androgens by the
testes
hot flashes, loss of
libido, bone pain,
urinary obstruction,
osteoporosis
Anti-Cancer
Cisplatin
*Platinum Compound
(Plantinol-AQ) IV
Anti-cancer drug
metastatic, testicular,
ovarian, advanced
bladder
Kills cells primarily by
forming cross links b/t
and with strands of
DNA
kidney damage, nausea
and vomiting,
neurotoxicity, bone
marrow suppression,
ototoxicity (tinnitus &
hearing loss)
amifostine (used to
protect kidney from renel
damage)
Anti-Cancer
Cytoxan
(cyclophosphamide) PO
with food, IV
*Alkylating agents,
Cancers
inhibition of DNA
replication
Bone marrow
suppression: severe
nausea, vomiting, and
alopecia: acute
hemorrhagic cystitis:
renal damage; sterility;
immunosuppresent,
hypersensitivity reactions
amifostine (used to
protect kidney from renel
damage)
Anti-Cholinergic Atropine
Hypotension, Asthma,
Biliary colic,
Bradycardia, Peptic
Ulcers, Disorders of the
eye, Muscarinic
Agonist, Poisoning
Intestinal, Hypertoncity
Hypermotility
Muscarinic
Antagonist, Blocks
Ach
xerostomia(dry mouth),
Blurred vision and
photophobia, áIOP,
Urinary retention,
Constipation,
Anhidrosis (↓sweating),
Tachycardia, Asthma,
(thick and dry bronchial
secrections)
contraindicated by
glaucoma patients and
monitor asthma
patients,
Antihistamines,
phenothiazine,
antipsychotics, TCA
Anticoagulant Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Anticoagulant
Help antithrombin
inactivate clotting
factors
Hemorrhage,
Thrombocytopenia
(reduced platelets),
increased thrombotic
events, neurologic injury
aspirin
Anticoagulant Heparin, IV, SubQ
anticoagulant, venious
thrombi,
Help antithrombin
inactivate clotting
factors Xa
hemorrhage,
thrombocytopenia
(reduced platelets),
increased thrombotic
events, bleeding
same as atropin?
Anticoagulant
Warfarin (Coumadin)
only oral anticoagulant
anticoagulant, venious
thrombi, PO
antagoinst of
Vitamin K
hemorrhage
heparin, aspirin,
acetaminophen
(increased INR)
Antidysrhythmic
Drugs
Amiodarone
recurrent ventricular
fibrillation, recurrent
hemodynamically
unstable ventricular
tachycardia
delays repolarization,
blockade, k channels,
decrease automatcity
in sanode,
contractility,
conduction
pulmonary toxicity, cardio
toxicity, toxicity pregnant
and breastfeeding,
corneal micro deposits,
nausea
Antidysrhythmic
Drugs
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) antidysrhythmia
dromotropic, reduce
automaticity,
accelerate
repolarization
drowsiness, confusion,
parasthesias, convulsions,
respiratory arrest
Antiepileptic Phenytoin (Dilantin) Epilepsy, Dysrhythmias
Selective sodium
channel inhibition
CNS effects, Gingival
hyperplasia, skin rash,
teratogen, dysrhythmias,
hypotension, Hirsutism,
rickets and osteomalacia
(Vitamin D), bleeding
tendancy in newborns
(Vitamin K), liver damage
Hepatic Metabolism
(Warfarin, oral
contraceptives,
Glucocorticoids), CNS
Depressants
Antiestrogens Raloxifene (Evista) Breast Cancer
Block Estrogen
Receptors
Hot flashes, fluid
retention, vaginal
discharge, nausea,
vomitting, menstrual
irregularities.
Difference b/t
Tamoxifen: REDUCED
DVT,PE,stroke, DOES
NOT CAUSE
endometrial cancer
drugs that induce or
inhibit CYP3A4
(phenytoin,
carbamazepine)
erythromycin
Antiestrogens
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
PO
*Breast Cancer
Blocks estrogen
receptors
Hot flashes, fluid
retention, vaginal
discharge, nausea,
vomitting, menstrual
irregularities.
Difference b/t
Tamoxifen: REDUCED
DVT,PE,stroke,
endometrial cancer
drugs that induce or
inhibit CYP3A4
(phenytoin,
carbamazepine)
erythromycin
Antimetabolites
Methotrexate
(antimetabolites) PO,
IV,IM
women with
choriocarcinoma, non-
hodgkins lymphomas,
acute lymphocytic
leukemia of childhood
interfere with folic
acid
bone marrow
suppression, pulmonary
infiltrates and fibosis,
and or GI ulceration,
Kidney Damage
Antiplatelet Aspirin (Arterial Thrombi)
MI, inflammation,
hyperpyremia, pain,
suppress platelet
aggregation,
dysmenorrhea, cancer
prevention, alzheimer's
prevention, thrombotic
events, ischemic stroke
irreverisible inhibits
COX-1 and COX-2
GI effects, bleeding, renal
impairment, salicylism,
Reye's syndrome,
hypersensitivity reactions
Warfarin, glucocorticoids,
alcohol, ibuprofen,
heparin
Anti-TB Ethambutol TB
Bacteriostatic active
against mybacteria
optic neuritis (blurred
vision, constriction of
visual field, disturbance of
color)
hepatotoxic
Antithyroid
Popylthiouracil (Propyl-
Thyracil)
Alone - Graves', adjuction
to radiation, in prep for
thyroid sx, thyrotoxic
crisis
Supresses thyroid
hormone synthesis
Rare, agranulocytosis;
hyptothyroidism. Rash -
common
N/A
Anti-Tumor
Doxorubin (Adriamycin)
*Antitumor Antibiotics IV
Neoplastic disease Solid
tumors and disseminated
cancers
Slip b/t pairs of DNA
intercalation (distorts
DNA)
Cardiotoxicity (acute &
delayed injury to heart)
lasting no more than 2
weeks) nausea &
vomiting, Extravasation,
Red color to urine and
sweat, Bone marrow
suppression, Neutropenia,
Thrombocytopenia,
Anemia
ARB's (angiotension
II receptor blocker)
Losartan (Cozaar)
hypertension
(nephropathy in type 2
diabetes)
ARB, Vasodilation,
drop BP, block action
of Angiotensin II
angioedema hypotensives
Aromatase
Inhibitor
Anastrozole (Arimidex)
Postmenopausal, ER-
positive breast cancer
inhibits aromatase
(reduces estrogen)
asthenia, nausea,
headache, hot flushes
BCR-ABL Tyrosine
Kinease Inhibitor
Imatinib (Gleevec)
CML (chronic myeloid
leukemia)
BCR-ABL Tyrosine
Kinease Inhibitor
(Highly specific
drug)
nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, rash,
headache, fever,
fatigue, muscle cramps,
muscle pain
CYP3A4
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines:
Diazepam (Valium);
Alprazolam (Xanax);
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Anxiety, Insomnia,
Seizures, Muscle spasm,
alcohol withdrawal, panic
disorder, periopratively
Potentiate GABA
CNS depression,
Anterograde amnesia,
paradoxical effects,
resipiratory depression,
abuse, weakness,
headache, blurred vision,
Hypertension cardiac
arrest
CNS depressants
Biguanide
Metformin (Glucophage,
Glucophage XR -
administer @ night)
Anti-hyperglycemic -
prevents sugar from
going up. Prevention of
DM
↓ glucose production
by the liver, ↑ tissue
response to insulin.
(Keeps glucose in the
liver, ↑ insulin
sensitivity, ↓ TG, LDL
& total chol, ↑ HDL,
promote weight loss)
GI symptoms: decreased
appetite, N,D, lactic
acidosis (medical
emergency, rare)
↑ ETOH → ↑ toxicity, do
not administer if client is
undergoing testing
w/iodinated contrast
media, check renal status
after 48 hrs
Cardiac glycosides
Digital's Digoxin
(Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps,
Digitek
Heart Failure,
Dysrhythmias
Positive Inotropic
increase force
contraction
Decreased sympathetic
tone, increased urine
production, decreased
renin, dysrhythmias,
hypokalemia, anorexia,
fatigue, blurry vision
Diuretics, ACEIs, ARBs,
Sympathomimetics,
Quinidine, Verapamil
Catecholamines
Epinephrine
(Adrenalin)
Anaphylaxis, Cardiac
arrest, Control of
superficial bleeding,
Nasal decongestion,
Delay anesthesia,
Absorption
Adrenergic Agonist
(Alpha 1, Alpha 2,
Beta 1, Beta 2)
Reflex Bradycardia,
Hypertensive crisis,
(increase BP-
Vasoconstriction),
Cerebral Hemorrhage,
dysrhythmias, Angina,
Necrosis
(extravasations),
Hyperglycemia,
Tachycardia
MAOI, TCA, GA, Alpha
Blockers,
(Phentolamine), Beta
blockers (inderal)
watch patients with
hyperthyroidism,
cardiac dysrhythmias,
hypertension,
diabetics, angina
Catecholamines
Norepinephrine
(levophed) IV only
hyoptensive states,
cardiac arrest
Adrenergic Agonist
(Alpha 1, Alpha 2,
Beta 1 DOES NOT
ACTIVATE BETA 2
Tachydysrhythmias,
angina, hypertension,
local necrosis, reflex
bradycardia, (does not
cause hyperglycemia
because limited beta 2
action
Anti Depressant, MAOI,
TCA, GA, adrenergic
blockers
Catecholamines Dopamine (Intropin)
Shock, Heart failure,
Acute Renal failure,
give IV only
Beta 1, Dopamine,
At high dose Alpha
1
Tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, angina
MAOI (decrease 90%),
TCA, GA, necrosis
(extravasation),
Diuretics-complements
Catecholamines
synthetic
Dopbutamine
(Dubutrex)
Heart Failure (short
term tx) IV only
beta 1
Tachycardia,
dysrhythmias
MAOI, TCA, GA
CCB's (calcium
channel blockers)
Diltiazem (Cardizem,
Cartia XT, Dilacor XR,
Diltia XT, Tiazac)
Hypertension, Angina,
Dysrhythmias
Calcium Channel
Blocker
Less constipation,
dizziness, flushing,
headache, edema, cardiac
dysfunction
Digoxin
CCB's (calcium
channel blockers)
Verapamil (Calan,
Isoptin, Coveratls)
angina pectoris, essential
hypertension, cardiac
dysrhythmias, migraine
block calcium
channels, beta 1,
vasodilation,
constipation, bradycardia,
decreased contractility,
AV block, dysfunction
Digoxin, beta blockers
Cephalosporins
Cefaclor, Cefadroxil,
Cefazolin, Cefdinir,
Cefditoren, Loracarbef,
Cephradrine) PO, IV, IM
Variety of infections
Alternative to PCN mild
allergic reaction
Bacteriocidal Gram +
& Gram - Weakens
cell wall broad
spectrum
allergic reactions (cross-
sensitivity to PCN)
Hypersensitivity,
Bleeding,
Thrombophlebitis, AAPMC,
Milk-Protein
Hypersensitivity,
Carnitine Deficiency
Probenecid Alcohol Drug
that promotes bleeding
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
(Vancocin) IV,PO (only
for GI Infection
Serious infections, Pts
allergic to beta-lactam
antibiotics, MRSA
Bacterialcidal
GRAM+ Inhibits cell
wall synthesis
Ototoxicity, Too fast:
tachycardia,
hypotension, flushing,
rash, purities, Pink or
cloudy urine
(nephrotoxicity)
Diuretics Furosemide (Lasix)
pulmonary edema (et.
al.), hypertension,
increases urine output,
prevent renal failure
thick segment of
ascending limb (block
solute reabsorption),
best action
hyponatruemia,
hypochloremia,
dehydration, hypotension,
hypokalemia, ototoxicity,
hyperglycemia, increases
LDL, decreases HDL
Digoxin, potassium
supplements, Lithium,
NSAIDs
Diuretics Mannitol (Osmitrol)
prophylaxis of renal
failure, ICP
diuresis in nephron
lumen
edema, headache,
nausea, vomiting
Diuretics
Spironolactone
(Aldactone)
hypertension, edema,
best for decreases
mortality, increase urine
output, blocks
adolsterone receptors,
prevent renal failure
aldosterone blocker
(in distal nephron)
hyperkalemia,
gynecomastia
Thiazide and Loop
Diuretics, Increases
Potassium Agents
DRI's (direct renin
inhibitors)
Aliskiren (Tekturna) hypertension
binds renin, reduces
RAAS influence,
prevents formation of
aniotension I,
shutsdown RAAS,
vasodilation
angioedema & cough,
gastrointestinal effects,
hyperkalemia, (K
Increases), fetal injury
and death
CYP3A4, Atorvastatim
DRI's (direct renin
inhibitors)
Eplerenone (Inspra)
hypertension, heart
failure
aldosterone
antagonist(selective),
shuts down RAAS
hyperkalemia, headache,
nausea
potassium supplements,
CYP3A4 inhibitors
Fluoroquinolones
Cipro PO, IV,
ciprofloxan
Fluoroquinolones,
Infections: Respiratory,
UTI, GI, bones, joints,
skin, soft tissue and
anthrax. **Preferred drug
for prevention
Bacteriocidal inhibits
bacterial DNA Gyrase
Broad-Spectrum
GI NVD, (pain) CNS
(dizziness,headache,
restlessness) Candida
(pharynx & Vagina)
Tendon Rupture (<18
contraindicated)
Cationic compounds:
Aluminum ( or Mg
containing antacids) Iron
& Zinc salts, sucralfate,
milk (dairy products)
Theophylline, Warfin
Glinides Repaglinide (Prandin) Hypoglycemic
Promote insulin
secretion by the
pancreas. Admin 15
mins before meal, no
later than 30 mins
after
Hypoglycemia
Gemfibrozil, drug used to
lower TG's
Gliptins Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Anti-hyperglycemic -
prevents sugar from
going up.
Enhances the activity
of incretions (by
inhibiting their
breakdown), and
thereby ↑ insulin
release, reduces
glucagon release, and
↓ hepatic glucose
production
headache, respitatory
tract infection
N/A
Glucagon Glucagon
Treat hypoglycemia from
insulin overdose.
Hormone that
inreases plasma
levels of glucose.
Opposite effect of
insulin
N, V, place pt on side
after admin
N/A
Glucocorticoids Prenisone
Replacement therapy
(adrenalcortical
insuffuency) RA, SLE, IBD,
Mild allergic reactions,
Asthma, Skin dieases,
Neoplasms, supression of
skin graft rejection.
↑ glucose by promoting
symthesis from amino
acids; ↓ protein
synthesis; ↓ swelling,
warmth, redness, pain
Adrenal insuffiency;
osteoporosis; infection;
gluose intolerance;
myopathy; fluid/elect
disturbance; cataracts;
glucoma; PUD; iatrogenic
Cushing's dx
Digoxin; Lasix; NSAIDS;
hypoglycemia; vaccines
Hematopoietic
Growth Factor
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
IV, Sub Q
Cancer,
Myelosuppressive
Chemotherapy, Severe
Chronic Neutropenia
increase production
of neutrophils,
fights infection and
cancer
Bone pain, leukocytosis
Hypertension
Sodium Nitroprusside
(Nitropress)
Heart Failure
Vasdilation (arteriolar
dilation: decreases
afterload and C.O.;
venodilation:
decrease venous
pressure, pulmonary
and peripheral
congestion
hypotension, cyanide
poisoning, thiocyanate
toxicity
hypotensives
Immunostimulant
Interferon Alfa-2a &
interferon Alfa-2b
*immunostimulant IM,
IV,SQ
Blood cancers Acute
leukemia's, cancers of
the bladder, ovary and
kidney
enhancement of
host immune
responses Direct
antiproliferative
effects on cancer
cells
Flu-like symptoms
(fever,fatigue, myalgia,
headache, and chills)
Anorexia, weight loss,
diarrhea, abdominal
pain, dizziness, and
cough, bone marrow
suppression, thyroid
dysfunction, alopecia,
cardiotoxicity, and
neurotoxicity (causing
fatigue and depression)
Incretin Mimetic Exenatide (Byetta) Hypoglycemia
↑ control of glucose in
clients taking
metformin or a
sulfonylurea, slows
gastric emptying,
stimulates glucose-
dependent release of
insulin
hypoglycemia
GI drugs, not FDA
approved to take w/
insulin
Leukotriene Singulair, Zyflo, Accolate Asthma
Supresses
Leukotrienes
Macrolides
Erythromycin ( E-mycin)
*macrolides, PO, IV
Common antimicrobial,
**treatment of choice for
several infections,
pneumonia, and allergic
to PCN G
Bacterialstatc Gram+
& Gram -, Inhibits
protein synthesis,
Bacterialcidial in high
concentrations, Broad
spectrum
GI effects (NVD, GI pain),
Tooth staining, long bone
growth suppression,
hepatotoxic, QT
prolongation and sudden
cardiac death,
suprainfection of bowel ,
Thrombopheblitis,
transient hearing loss
Theophylline,
carbamazepine, Warfin,
chloramphenicol,
clindamycin, verapamil,
diltiazem, HIV protease
inhibitors, azole anti-
fungals
Methlzanthines
Theophylline-IV Theodur-
PO
Asthma
Bronchodilation (relax
smooth muscle)
caffeine symptoms
decreases theophylline
(Phenobarbital), dilantin,
rifampin, increases cipro,
cimetidine
Mitotic Inhibitors Paclitaxel (Taxol) IV
Overian cancer & non
small cell lung cancer
inhibiting cell
division
Severe hypersensitivity
reactions (hypotension,
dyspnea, angioedema,
urticaria) rash & hives,
bone marrow
suppression, peripheral
neuropathy
Glucocorticoid
(histamine receptor)
Mitotic Inhibitors
Vincristine (Oncovin)
*Mitotic Inhibitors
Vinca Alkaloids IV
Bone Marrow sparing
used in combo with
anti cancer drugs
Block mitosis during
metaphase M-phase
specific to prevent
cell divison
Peripheral neuropathy
ANS (constipation &
urinary hesitancy)
Non-
catecholamines
Lopressor (Metoprolol)
second generation
Hypertension, Angina,
MI, Heart Failure
Adrenergic
Antagonist,
Cardioselective beta
blocker (beta 1)
Crosses blood brain
barrier
Bradycardia, ↓C.O., AV
heartblock, Rebound
Cardiac excitation (if
withdrawal abruptly)
may mask tachycardia
safer than propranolol
for asthma, diabetic, or
allergy patients
Non-
catecholamines
Propranlol (Inderal)
first generation
Hypertension,
dysrhythmias, angina,
MI, heart failure,
Hyperthyroidism,
Migraine, stage fright-
brop beta1 stim.
Glaucoma-drop
pressure
Adrenergic
Antagonist, Beta
blocker (non-
selective Beta 1 and
Beta 2
Heart Failure, AV block,
Sinus arrest,
Hypotension,
Bronchospasm
contraindicated
w/severe allergies or
diabetes
(Calcium channel
blockers), Insulin
Nonradioactive
Iodine
Lugol's Soultion
Hyperthyroidism; in
preparation for thyroidectomy
↓ Iodine uptake by
thyroid; inhibit thyroid
hormone synthesis; ↓
circulating levels of T3 &
T4
Iodism; OD abd pain, V, D N/A
NRTI
Zidovudine (Retrovir)
(AZT) *Antiviral Agents
II: drugs for HIV
infection (Nucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitor)
HIV infection
suppressing
synthesis of viral
DNA Nucleoside
Reverse
transcriptase
inhibitor
Anemia & neutropenia
from bone marrow
suppression. Lactic
acidosis with hepatic
stenosis, GI, CNS
Myelosuppresive,
nephrotoxic, or
erythrocytotoxic
Opiods
Opiods: Morphine,
Fentanyl (100%
morphine), Hyrdocodone
(Vicodin, Lortab),
Meperidine (Demerol)
Pain
Mu opoid receptor
activation, analgesia
respiratory
depression, euphoria
sedation
Respiratory depression
(MOST SERIOUS),
baroreceptor reflex,
constipation, orthostatic
hypotension, urinary
retention/hesitancy,
cough suppression, biliry
colic emesis, Increases
ICP (intercranial
pressure),
euphoria/dysphoria,
sedation, miosis (pupil
constriction), neurtoxicity,
hormone/immune function
changes
CNS Depressants
(barbiturates,
benzodiazepines,
alcohol), anticholinergics
(antihistamines, TCA,
atropine),
antihypotensives, MAOI,
Antiemetics, Narcan
Opiods Antagonist Narcan (Naloxone)
Opiod OD, Reverse GA,
Reverse Neonatal resp.
depression
Block opiod receptors
(Antagonist)
Oxazolidinones
Zyvox (Linezolid) PO,
IV
MRSA, VRE
Bacterialstatic
GRAM+ inhibit
protein synthesis
BONE MARROW,
diarrhea, nausea,
vomitting, headache,
suppression. (CBC wkly)
MAOI, SSRI's,
Tyramine, Salami,
Bologna, cheese, beer,
wine, smoked meat,
sausage, pepperoni,
soup, soy sauce,
bananas (HTN crisis)
Penicillin
PCN Benzylpenicillin
(PCN G) PO,lV,IM
Bacterial infections
Gram+ (except
penicilinase-producing
staph), Gram- cocci,
anaerobic bacteria and
spirochetes
bacterialcidal
Gram+ & Gram-
weakens cell wall
Narrow-Spectrum
Allergic reaction,
Injection site pain,
prolonged sensory and
motor dysfunction,
Neurotoxicity Rash or
anaphylactic
Aminoglycosides,
probenecid,
bacteriostatic
antibiotics
RAAS (renin
angiotensin
aldosterone system)
Captopril
hypertension, heart
failure, MI and CVA,
nephropathy
ACE inhibitor, blocking
formation on
angiotension II
persistent cough, 1st dose
hypontension,
angioedema,
hyperkalemia, renal
failure, rash,lost taste,
neutropenia
diuretics, (1st dose
hypotension), potassium
supplements, lithium,
NSAIDs
Radioactive Iodine Iodine 131 Graves' Destroy thyroid tissue Delay hyptothyroidism N/A
SSRI's (selective
serotonin reuptake
inhibitors)
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
Depression, OCD, bulimia
nervosa, PMS
SSRI (Selective
Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitor)
Sexual dysfunction,
weight gain, serotonin
syndrome, withdrawal,
EPS, bruxism, bleeding
(impede platelet agg.),
hyponatremia, dizziness,
fatigue, rash
MAOI, Warfarin, TCA,
Lithium
Statins Atorvastain (Lipitor)
hypercholesterolemia,
CV, diabetes, alzheimer's,
kidney disease, MS,
macular degeneration,
glaucoma, RA, weak
bones, cancer, most
effective for lowering LDL
decreases LDL,
increases HDL,
reduces inflammation,
suppress thrombin
myopathy/rhabdomyolysis,
hepatotoxicity, peripheral
neuropathy
fibrates, antifungals,
grapefruit juice
Sulfdnamide
Bactrim, Septra
Trimethoprim (TMP)-
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)
TMP-SMZ PO, IV
UTI (chronic & recurrent)
Pneumocystis carinii
infections (PCP) -
Prophylaxis for HIV &
AIDS
Inhibits folic acid
Nausea, vomiting, rash,
steven-johnsons
syndrome, renal damage,
headache, depression,
hallucinations,
hyperkalemia
Warfarin, Phenytoin
Sulfdnamides
Sulfisoxazole
*sulfonamides and
trimethoprim
UTI
Bacterialstatic
GRAM- inhibit
synthesis of folic
acid
Hypersensitivity (rash,
fever, photosen,
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome (lesions),
Hematologic effects
(anemia) especially
Mediterraneans &
blacks, crystalluria
Warfin,Phenytoin,
Diuretics,
Hypoglycemic
Sulfonylureas Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Hypoglycemic - do not
give to pt w/Sulfa allergy
Promote insulin
secretion by the
pancreas; may also ↑
tissue response to
insulin
Hypoglycemia - eat meals
at same time - give 30
mins before,
cardiotoxicity, GI upset
ETOH, drugs that ↑
hypoglycemia, Beta
Blockers
Tetracyclines Tetracyclines
Infectious disease
(broad spectrum
antibiotic) acne, peptic
ulcer disease,
periodontal disease
bacteriostatic
inhibit protein
synthesis, broad
spectrum
GI irritation,
suprainfection,
Hepatotoxicity, bone
growth suppression,
teeth staining, renal
toxicity,
photosensitivity
Milk, Ca, Iron,
Laxatives, (containing
Mg) dairy, antacids
Thiazides
Hydrochlorothiazide
(Hydrodiuril)
essential hypertension,
hypertension edema,
diabetes insididus
increase urine
production, blocks
reabsorption of Na-
Chloride
Hyponatruemia,
hypochloremia,
dehydration,
hypokalemia,
hyperglycemia,
hyperuricema, increases
LDL
increases toxicity,
Digoxin, NSAIDs
Thrombolytic Drugs Alteplase (TPA)
MI, Pulmonary Embolism,
Ischemicstroke
Plasminogen plasma
Increased Intercrannial
Bleeding
Thyroid Hormone
Levothyroxine
(Synthroid)
hypothyrodism Converts T4 → T3
Rare, acuto OD
Thyrotoxicosis
↓ absoprtion: Food, Ca
Supps, Maalox; Mylanta,
Fe Supp, ↑ absorption
Dilantin, Tegretol,
Rifampin; Warfarin;
Catecholamines

Sponsor Documents

Or use your account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Forgot your password?

Or register your new account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link to create a new password.

Back to log-in

Close