Ophthalmology

OPHTHALMOLOGY
( All Topic's in one Post )
~~~~( Eye Lid )~~~~
1)What's the anatomy of the eye lid ? & what's the main functions
Superficial lamella : Skin // muscular layer
deep lamella : tarsal plate // conjunctiva
lamellae separated by gray line
Protection of eye ball & distribution of tear film
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2)How many meibomian glands or tarsal glands found in upper lid and lower lid
Upper have 50, lower 25
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3)Define the following
- Epicanthus Fold
Epi : bilateral vertical fold of skin that extends from upper to lower lid towor
d the medial canthus
- Poliosis
immature whit of hair lash or eye brow
-*Distichiasis
Extra row of maldirected lashes in the position of openings of rudimentary meibo
mian glands
-*Blepharospasm
Progressive B/L involuntary spasm of orbicularis muscle & upper facial muscles
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4)If the meibomian gland is inflamed .. Chronologically , Mention the types of it
& How to treat each type
Acute (Hordeolum internum) .. treated by hot compresses / local and systemic ant
ibiotic / surgery if needed
Chronic granulomatous (Chalazion) .. 30% resolve spontaneously but treated by ve
rtical incision / intra-lesional steroid / prophylaxis by systemic tetracycline
with recurrent chalazia if ass. With Acne Rosacia
____________________________________
5)Define the Coloboma .. And regarded to which type of eye lid disorders & How to
treat
Partial or full thickness eye lid defect occurs where the eye lid development is
incomplete
Congenital type
Treatment .. if small by primary closure // if large by skin graft and rotation
flaps
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6)Mention the types of Entropion & Which type occurs with Symblepharon in long ter
m affect with chemical injury
Cicatricial .. Spastic .. Congenital // Cicatricial
__________________________________
7)What's the Complications of Ectropion ? And mention 4 causes of it
Complications : Thickening of conjunctiva .. drying of mucous membrane .. cornea
l irritation and damage .. Epiphora if lower lid involved
Causes : Muscle weakness(most common one) .. facial paralysis .. scars .. previo
us surgery like (blepharoolasty)
__________________________________
8)What's the most common offending drug (topical agent) can leading to Ectropion b
y 53%

Dorzolamide ( Carbonic anhydraze inhibitor )
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9)Q9/ What's the types of acquired Ptosis & What's the most common type ? and ment
ion 2 points ass. With congenital ptosis ? and mention 2 causes of ptosis ass. W
ith anisocoria
Neurogenic .. Myogenic .. Aponeurotic .. Mechanical
Aponeurotic is most common
*weakness in superior rectus *absence of lid crease
Horner syndrome // surgical 3rd cranial nerve palsy
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10)Q10/ Define the Hutchinson's Sign & Which Virus leads to it ? & How to treat
Skin lesion on the tip of the nose / HZV / Acyclovir topical cream steroid antib
iotic cream .. systemic Valciclovir or Famciclovir
__________________________________________
11)Which disease is related to recurrent Styes & Xanthelasma
Dm_
_________________________________________
12)/ Blepharospasm .. precipitated by What & relieved by What ? And What's the firs
t choice treatment
ppt by reading .. driving .. stress .. bright light
relieved by talking .. walking .. relaxation
First Choice Treatment is ( Botulinium toxin injection )
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~~~~~~( Lacrimal )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)what's anatomical structure of lacrimal apparatus? and what types of lacrimal gl
and
A - Lacrimal apparatus consists of :
1. Lacrimal glands ( secretory part) ? Main lacrimal gland - accessory lacrimal
gland
2. Lacrimal passages ( excretory part) ? puncti - canaliculi - nasolacrimal duct
- inferior miatus
B .. two types : main lacrimal gland and accessary l.glands
______________________________________
2)how many layers of tear film ? and mention glands secretary to every layers
A - three layers :
Outer lipid layer - middle aqueous layer - inner mucin layer
B - lipid secreted by meibomian gland
Aqueous secreted by main and accessory lacrimal gland
Mucin secreted by goblet cells
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3)what's the function of lipid layer? and mucen layer
A - lipid : retard evaporation of aqueous layer - lower surface tension - lubric
ate the eye
Mucen : change epithelium of cornea from hydrophobic to hydrophilic
_____________________________________
4)what's the physiological structure of tear ? and what the most protein found
A - value= 7 -+ 2
PH= 7.1 - 8.6
Concentration protein ( albumin - globulin - lysozyme )
igA - igG - igE - urea - Na - K - Cl
B - albumin it is most type

___________________________________
5)what's the main of dry eye ? and mention the cause ? and mention symptoms
A - disorder causing ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage due to tear def
iciency or excessive tear evaporation
B - hyposecretive ( sjogren - non sjogren ) and Evaporative
C - irritation - FB sensation - burning - mucus discharge - transient blurring o
f vision - itching - photophopia .
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6)how to ttt ptn with dry eye and common test used? and mention complication
A -Reduction of room temperature
- permanent occlusion of puncti by diathermy - small lateral tarsorrapthy - and
tear substitute drops, gels and ointment
- schirmar test
B - mucus strand and debris Filament - mucus plaque
Corneal abrasion and ulcer
_________________________________
7)what's the definition of watery eye ? and how to different between epiphoria and
lacrimation
A - excessive tears include epiphora and lacrimation
B - lacrimation : due to excessive secretion of tears
Epiphora : due to obstruction of any part of nasolacrimal passages
by jons test
________________________________
8)mention 4 cause of epiphora ? and how to diagnosis ptn with chronic dacryocystit
is
A - 1. eversion of the lower punctum
2. Occlusion of the puncti
3. Occlusion of the canaliculi
4. Chronic dacryocystitis
B - testing tear drainage - jones test - examination of the nose (ENT )
-dacryocystography
and regurgitation test
________________________________
9)how to manage congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction ? and mention to D/D
A - massage of nasolacrimal duct and AB drops
Not improvement after 12 month
Probing
Not improvement you should be another probing after 6 mon
After three times not improvement
you have DCR
B - bacterial conjunctivitis /// congenital glaucoma /// ocular trauma
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10)in acute dacryocystitis mention 3 symptoms ? and complication ? How to ttt
A - severe pain - epiphora - fever and headache
B - fistula formation - extension leading to orbital cellulitis - cavernous sinu
s thrombosis
C - local and systemic broad spectrum antibiotic
Warm compresses _ analgesic and surgical ( DCR
________________________________
11)mention cause of chronic dacryocystitis ? and which common types acute or chroni
c ? and mention causative organism
A - stricture of the nasolacrimal duct from chronic inflammation

- obstruction of the lower end of the nasal duct by nasal polyp , hypertrophied
inferior turbinate bone
B - chronic dacryocystitis it is commmon
C - 1. Pneumococci
2. Staphylococci
3. Streptococci
4. Very rare TB -candida
________________________________
12)mention types of surgery of chronic dacryocystitis ? and which common type ? and
mention indicated of DCR
DCR .. only done in chronic dacrocystitis
Indication.. NLDO ..Mucocele
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~~~~~~( Counjuctiva )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)Mention the Anatomy & function of conjunctiva
Anatomy : Palpebral & Bulbar &fornicial Conjuctiva
Function :
1 Tear production ( Goblet cell + accessory lacrimal gl )
2 Oxygen supply to Cornea
Leucocyte
IgA
lymphoid tissue )
3 Defense Mechanisme ( Mast cell
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2)Define the Counjuctivits & mention the Causes
Inflamation of the surface of the eye
Causes :
Infectious :
bacterial
viral
Parastic
Non infectious :
Irritation Allergic
Toxic
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3)Define the Ptyrgium & how affect the vision
Triangular fibroVascular tissue arise from Conjuctiva toward Cornea , affect vis
ion directly by : reach the pupil area & indirectly by cause Irregukar Astigmati
sm .
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4)How you ttt the Ptyrgium & how differentiate bt True & false Ptyrgium ?
TTT by Surgical excision with graft , differentiate by hook
__________________________________________
5)Mention the causes of sub conjunctival hge ( which Most Common cause ? )
Trauma ( most common ) Viral keratits
severe he
leukemia - Cx of surgery severe
sneezing or coughing
6)How to manage case with Sub conjunctival hge ?
Ttt the underlying cause & make sure pt without Bl Ds or Operative by Measure BP
& CBC
___________________________________________
7)Define The Ophthalmia neonatium & mention the causative organisms ( which is the
most common) ? D.O.C
Any discharge from the eyes in the 1st week
Chlamydia ( most common )
gonococal
Staph
Strepto
HSV2 )
D.O.C : tetracyclin ( for children Erthromycin ) topical & sys .
__________________________________________
7)-

Define & mention the causes of Chemosis ?
Edema of conjunctiva
Causes :
Viral conjuctivits
allergic conjuctivits
trauma
orbital cellulits .
____________________________________________
8)what are the types of conjuctivits lead to Preauricular L.N enlargement ?
Gonococal chlamydia
viral conjuctivits
__________________________________________
9)the microorganism which cause Trachoma Called
D.O.C is
Chlamydia Trachomatis A,B,AB,C Type
D.O.C is Tetracyclin topical & sys .
___________________________________________
10)Trichiasis + Panus + herp's pit's these tried indicate
Trachoma
___________________________________________
11)Trants dot's indicate
How to manage ?
Spring Katar
Cold Compress + Topical Steroid + Mast cell stabilizer
___________________________________________
12)mention the causes of Panus ?
Tacoma spring Katar
Conact Lens
Syphalis Leprosy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~( Lens )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)Whats definition of cataract and causes !!!
Lens Opacity
Aging
Sytemic dis as Dm
Prious surgery
Drugs .. steroid . Phenothiazine
Truma
Xray
Cong /inherditary
____________________________________
2)What's most common type !!
cortical senil cataract
____________________________________
3)What's cause s of cong. Cataract and what's name of surgery done in this case !!
Idiopathic .. genetic .. hereditary .. metabolic .. ocular abnormalities .. mate
rnal infections : Rubella .. syphilis .. CMV .. toxo
limbal lensectomy
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4)What's D.D of graudal painless decrease of visi !!
diabetic retinopathy .. POAG .. cataract .. optic atrophy .. retinopathy .. Kera
tocouns
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5)What's D.D of pre senile cataract !!
diabetic .. my tis.dysatrophy . Atopic dermat
_____________________________________
6)-

Rosette shaped cataract ass e .................. and oil droplet cataract ass e
................. !!
blunt trauma // galactosemia
_____________________________________
7)What's indication of ICCE !! And what s CPx
ccataract with sublaxation or dislocated, vitreous loss RD,macular degeneration
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8)After cataract Cxp of any type of Surgery !! And how treated !!!!
after ECCE and treated by Yag laser
_____________________________________
9)What's late cxp of cataract surgery !!!
post. capsular opacification // malposition of IOL // CMO // retinal detachment
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10)posterior capsule opacification // astigmatism // subluxated or dislocated IOL
What's cause s of decrease vision after cataract surgery !!
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11)Day blindness can occur which any type of cataract !!
nuclear
____________________________________
12)What's C.l of IOL implantion !!
Recurent uveitis
Neovascular gl
High myopia
Prolif.diabetic R.pathy
AGE relatively c.i
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~~~~~~( Refraction Errors )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
? Define the myopia Parallel rays focus infront retina , near sight
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? What is the types of myopia Simple myopia .. progresive myopia.. congenital
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? Most common type of myopia is Axial myopia..simple type
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? What is the difference between simple & pathological myopia Degenerative changes in fundus present in Pathological but n't in simple/ simple
is n't progressive but pathological is a progressive type
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? what is the most common symptom in myopia indistinct far vision
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? what is the causes of myopia increase in Anteroposterior diameter of globe (most common cause)
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? Talk about complications of myopia vitreous degeneration , tear and Hge in retina... , retinal detachment , complic
ated posterior cortical cataract , POAG
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? which complications are commonly seen Regmategnous retinal detachment
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ

? Talk about the treatment of the myopia First glass
Concave lens
Radial keratotomy bute not used new
LASIK
Excimer laser
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? Define the hypermetropia Rays focus behind retina(far vision
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
? what is the causes of hypermetropia decrease curvature and axial length...post displacement of lens
Aphacia
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? which type of the lens used to treat hypermetropic pt + ve Convex lens
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? Define the Astigmatism & Mention the causes Focus of light in different diopter with different side in the retina a piont
cause : sub lxation of lens & changes in corneal meridian
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? types of astigmatism .......... & what the difference bt it Regular.. irregular.. regular grudal changes in Refraction but iirgular suddeeee
e nly
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? what is the treatment of astigmatism Regular .. cylindircal lens
Irrgular contact lenssss
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? Anisometropia mean un equal refration between 2 eyes
___________________________________________
? ttt of isometropia Contact lens different power
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? Presbyopia mean -~~
Loss of near vision d t loss of accommodation
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? causes of presbyopia Physiological (aging) ..Pathological (1ry ang .glucoma .. cycloplgic drugs öööAnemia
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? what is the causes of sudden drop of vision Vitriuos hge .. CRVO - CRAO..RD ..Optic neuritis
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~~~~~~( Squint )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)? what's the types of squint
True sq (manifest .. latent ) pseudo sq
other class...converge and divergent
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2)? what's cause of psudosqunit ? Any type cause high myopia
pseudo squint ?false converg. ( epicanthus .. myopia .. short IPD)
pseudo divergent( Hypermetropia .. wide IPD
convg
_____________________________
3)? what meaning of paralytic sequnit ? And common in adult or children
I.i sq by abn .in ms by neuropathy or myopathy .. com. In adult

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4)? what most common type of squint
Converge
_____________________________
5)? in convergent and divergent sq what refraction error it's finding
Hypermetropia .. conv //... myopia divrg..
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
6)? what amblyopia? And how to management
Decrease v.A with normal visual pathway and normal anatomy ..cant treat by glass
es ..
Mx.. oclusion therapy .. wk for every month .. synitophere for exercise after tt
t
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
7)? what types of convergent and divergent sq
Divergent , Constant & intermittent
Covg non accommoda.. accomod .. partial accom...
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
8)? how to dig sq ptn
history first
Corneal lihgt reflex
Ophthalmoscope
V.A testing
Cover test - cover uncover test
EOM movement
_____________________________
9)? how to measure angle of sq
Hirshberg test : corneal light reflex
Synptophore
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
10)? what are indication of surgery ? And types of surgery
Improve bsv , Correct déviation
recetion and resection
___________________________
11)? in corneal light reflex at adage of limbus Angle
45
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ
12)? how far LR - MR - IR from the limbus
LR 7mm
MR 5.5 mm
IR 6.5mm
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~~~~~~( Glucoma )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)whats the cause of decrease of aqueos humor secretion
hypoxia - hypothermia - ciliay body shut down like in iridocyclitis
____________________________________________
2)how can measurement of intraocular pressure
goldman's applantion tonometry
___________________________________________

3)whats the common type of glaucoma and most risk factor
POAG - MYOPIA
__________________________________________
4)WHAT the drug increase lashes grow
xalatan latanoprost - PG analoge
__________________________________________
5)whats the most common sign in PCAG and whats the error refraction risk factor mo
re in male or female
cupping ..... hypermetropia
Female : male 4:1
_________________________________________
6)whats the sign of acute congestive glaucoma
pupil semi dilated non reactive oval vertical
iris bombe
cornea cloudy
ciliary congestion
lid edema
sure high IOP
________________________________________
7)in congenital glaucoma common in girls or boys and most common symptom and diffe
rential diagnosis
boys , d/d blue sclera +watery eye + cloudy cornea
_______________________________________
8)in treatment of congenital glaucoma if corneal diameter less than 13 mm or more
than 13 mm how can ttt
if corneal diameter less than 13 mm goniotomy or trabeculotomy if more than 13 m
m trabeculectomy
______________________________________
9)whats the type of cataract association with photolytic glaucoma
hyper mature cataract
_____________________________________
10)Define the Gulcoma
Its Optic Neuropathy characterised by Triad : increase IOP; Pathological Cupping
; Defective in V.F
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~~~~~~~( Uvitis )~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)Definition of Uveitis !!
inflammation of uveal tract and adj structure
________________________________________
2)What's most useful classification of uvritis!
Anatomical - pathological - aetiological - clinical
________________________________________
3)What's most common type of uveitis ; whats sign in it !
Ant Uvitis , Sign's :
CcC
Kp
AQ.Cells and flare
Irregular constructed pupil

_________________________________________
4)Mention 2 Autoimmune diseases ass with Ant. Uveitis and 2 with post !!
Ant. Uveitis : juvenile RA - ankylosing spon .
Post. Uveitis : behcet d. - harada syndrome
__________________________________________
5)Which type of uveitis inter in D.D of leukocoria !
Intermediate
___________________________________________
6)Talk about masquerade synx
Retinopastoma - leukemia - malignant melanoma
__________________________________________
7)What types of RD caused by Post uveitis .. which one most common
Exudative - tractional
Most : exudative
___________________________________________
8)Fundus examination is mandatory In all Cases of Ant uveitis ..why !!
some cases of post uveities present e inflam in ant segment
eye e RRD may have mild to moderate uveities
to exclude masquared syndrome
toxplsmos in posterior uvevitis may be also causes
__________________________________________
9)- Caues of decrease vision in uveitis !!!
Glucom
Cataract
RD
COM
__________________________________________
10)- Types of glucoma 2ry to uveitis !!
2ry OAG b.c Post Synchea ..
2ry CAG b.c peripheral Ant. Synchea
Steroid induced
_________________________________________
11)- What's ttt of uveitis !!
atropine analgesic steroid NSAID AB
_________________________________________
12)- Hypopian sign present in uveitis ass e
Ass e HlA B27 ( Ank.spo....Bahcets did )
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~~~~~~( Retina )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)what's the most sensitive part of retina & why
Fovea
B.c. have more numerous of cons only .
A vascular
Thin layer so rays fall direct on cons
____________________________________
2)what's presenting symptom in a pt e vitreos hge ? most important cause
what about red reflex
symptome sudden painless loss vision
cause truma
no or black reflex
____________________________________
3)-

other types of reflexes you can see
Black reflex: vitreous hge
Grey : retinal detachment
Yellow: endophthalmium
White : D/D of leukocoria
__________________________________
4)what's diagnostic criteria of retinitis pigmentosa
arteriolar attenuation // waxy disc pallor // bone spicule pigmentation
____________________________________
5)about retinitis pigmentosa what's the most common inheritance & most severe
AD and isolated
most common AD,most sever X-linked ....
____________________________________
6)what's the types of retinal detachment ? what's the sings of fresh RRD
signs: convex & corrugated appearance ...blood vessels appear darker ..subretina
l fluid extend to orra serrata shows good mobility ^^
____________________________________
7)what's classification of diabetic retinopathy
Back ground DRP
PROlif DRP
Advanced DRP
MACULOPATHY e any Above Stag
___________________________________
8)what's the sings of preproliferative DRP
cotton wool spots // IRMA // venous changes // dot and blot hge
___________________________________
9)what's ttt of proliferative stage og DRP
ARGON LASSER PAN R PHACOCOAGULTION (2000 ..3000 SHOT S)
Extra information :
uses of argon laser panretinal photocoagulatuion in :
proliferative DRP ..ischemic CRVO
___________________________________
10)what's the causes of poor vision in DM
Vitriuos Hge
MACULOPATHY
TRD
__________________________________
11)what's the late complication of ischemic CRVO
Neovessel formation
macula edema
secondry gluacoma
Late
100day glucoma specific late cpx for ischemic CRVO
__________________________________
12)what's the ttt of CRAO
Admission
Ocular massage
Supine position
Iv dimox
O2 at least 92%
Anticoagulant

Treat cause and Cxp if present
Done pt .Urgent ECG and Echo
don't forget
,,, A/C paracentesis ,,, breathing of carbogen ( O2 95% + 5% carbon ) no anticoa
gulant
IN CRAO :
Only the fovea centralis remains visible as a cherry red spot
because the red of the choroid shows through at this site
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~~~~ ( Red Eye & Systemic Disease ) ~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)Mention the ocular manifestation of congenital Rubella !!
microphthalmia cataract cornea clouding glucoma uveitis salt & paper retinopathy
_____________________________
2)What's the meaning of phlyctenule ..and Ass e which systemic disease
Phlyctenule .. localized lymphatic infiltration of conjuctiva ass e TB
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3)Mention 4 ocular manifestation ass e HIV !!
ant . uveitis sever HZ keratitis KCS SCC
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4)What's the corneal features in Rheumatoid Arthritis !!
PERIPHERAL CORNEAL THINNING
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5)Pt e Recurent Styes and Xanthelasma .Usually ass e which systemic disease !!
DM
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6)What's Transient Refraction changes in diabetic pt !!
1 . change in lens Hydration
2. Hypermetropia e hypoglycaemia
3 myopia e hyperglycaemia
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7)Mention caueses of visual loss in diabetic pt.!!
vitr. hge... NVG...TRD
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8)Von Graefes sign .. ass e which systemic disease !!!
Thyrotoxicosis
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9)Mention Pathological changes in preclamsia (pregnancy) .!!
Scotoma ..diplopia .. hge.. Disc swelling .. ERD
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10)B.L ptosis ; Vetical diplopia and nystagmus .. all worsing at end of day ..Indic
ate what !!
Mysthina graves
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11)Mention 4 DD for painful red eye a d 4 DD for painly red eye !!
Painfull ..as corneal abrasion and ulcer .. Uvitis .. Acute congestion glucoma
Painless as Subconjuctival hge .. conductivities .. Blepharitis ..dry eye
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12)-

What's DD of CCC (circum ciliary congestion ) !!!
Uveitis .. Acute congestive glucoma .. keratitis ..
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~ 'Eye Tumors ~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)What's the most common human malignancy in ophthalmology ! And most common intra
ocular malignancy in children's and adults !!!
most common human malignancy in ophthalmology basal cell carcinoma
most common intra ocular malignancy in children's retino blastoma
most common intra ocular malignancy in adults choroidal melanoma
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2)Mention types of BCC and SqCC !! And what's difference b.w them !!
Nodular in bcc e surface vasculaization and scc no surface vasculaization... ulc
er in bcc rolled edges but scc elevated edges
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3)In cases of recurrent chalaizon should be done Biopsy .why!!
to exclude meibomian gland tumor
_____________________________
4)What's the most common locations of BCC and SCC !!
lower eye lid
____________________________
5)What's method of choice to mx tumours in eyelid s !!
surgical excision
____________________________
6)Mention the general signs of malignancies !!
Sudden pain sudden increase size and pigment ion ..and appears nodules
___________________________
7)What's the types of cojunctival melanoma !!
.from.PAm ..Neavus ..and 1ry
____________________________
8)What's most common sign in chroidal melanoma on fundus !
Chroidal fold ( mushroom shaped ..or color shot sign )
___________________________
9)Retinoplastoma commonly seen in male or female !! And presented e any age !! Wha
t's most common presentation in this case !!
females =males ...
Age from 3m to 3yr
Presented e leukocoria 60% .
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~ ( Drug's ) ~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)Timolol . What's the action and S.E !
decrease production & SE punctate keratitis BC hypotension
________________________
2)DOC in POAG and DOC in PNAG !!
PoAG ..Timolol and Xalatan
PNAG .. pilocarpine and diamox
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3)-

What's the most common SE of Xalatan !!
incraese thickness and lengh of of lashes
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4)what's the most dangerous S.E of Diamox!!
BM DEPRESSION
C.i of pilocarpine :
Pupilary blockage glucoma
Uveitis
Rubiosis iridis
Neovascular glucoma
Indication of steroids ..spring cattahr
Episcleritis and scleritis
Allergic conductivities
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5)what's C.I of pilocarpine
temporary myopia
pupillary block glucoma
Neovascular glucoma>>> Uveitis
_________________________
6)what's indication of steroids
spring catarrh >>uviitis >>scleritis >>allergic conjunctivitis
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