Painting Art History

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Artist Name: Unknown

Country: Lascaux France Date: c 15,000 and 13,000 B.C. (15,000 to 17,000 years old) Title of One Art Work: Cave Paintings Description: Animals that served as a food source for natives who lived in the region. The animal images may have had religious significance to the artists.
Influences: Materials available in the area. Images relevant to the artists.

The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenagers.

Gift shop at Lascaux ….the caves are no longer open to the public, replica paintings are available for public viewing.

The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenagers, Marcel Ravidat, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, as well as Marcel's dog, Robot. [2] Public access was made easier after World War II. By 1955, the carbon dioxide produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. The cave was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art. After the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to their original state, and were monitored on a daily basis. Rooms in the cave include The Great Hall of the Bulls, the Lateral Passage, the Shaft of the Dead Man, the Chamber of Engravings, the Painted Gallery, and the Chamber of Felines. Reproductions of some Lascaux artworks in Lascaux II Lascaux II, a replica of two of the cave halls — the Great Hall of the Bulls and the Painted Gallery — was opened in 1983, 200 meters from the original. [2] Reproductions of other Lascaux artwork can be seen at the Centre of Prehistoric Art at Le Thot, France. Since 1998 the cave has been beset with a fungus, variously blamed on a new air conditioning system that was installed in the caves, the use of high-powered lights, and the presence of too many visitors.[3] As of 2008, the cave contained black mold which scientists were and still are trying to keep away from the paintings. In January 2008, authorities closed the cave for three months even to scientists and preservationists. A single individual was allowed to enter the cave for 20 minutes once a week to monitor climatic conditions. Now only a few scientific experts are allowed to work inside the cave and just for a few days a month but the methods of removing this fungi has taken its toll and left dark patches where it happened ruining the pigmentation.[4]

The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures, which can be grouped into three main categories — animals, human figures and abstract signs. Notably, the paintings contain no images of the surrounding landscape or the vegetation of the time[5]. Most of the major images have been painted onto the walls using mineral pigments, although some designs have also been incised into the stone. Many images are too faint to discern, while others have deteriorated. In recent years new research has suggested that the Lascaux paintings may incorporate prehistoric star charts. Dr Michael Rappenglueck of the University of Munich argues that some of the non-figurative dot clusters and dots within some of the figurative images correlate with the constellations of Taurus, The Pleiades and the grouping known as the "Summer Triangle"[8]. Based on her own study of the astronomical significance of Bronze Age petroglyphs in the Vallée des Merveilles[9] and her extensive survey of other prehistoric cave painting sites in the region — most of which appear to have been specifically selected because the interiors are illuminated by the setting sun on the day of the winter solstice — French researcher Chantal Jègues-Wolkiewiez has further proposed that the gallery of figurative images in the Great Hall represents an extensive star map and that key points on major figures in the group correspond to stars in the main constellations as they appeared in the Paleolithic[10][11].

Renaissance 1400 - 1525
Artist Name: Leonardo Da Vinci Country: Italy Date: 1503-1506 Title of One Art Work: The Mona Lisa Description: Portrait of a Florentine woman dressed in the fashion of the day, possibly Lisa Del Giocondo, wife of Frencesco del Diocondo. Painted on a wooden panel, the work uses a painting technique called sfumato, or the blending of layers. Her mysterious smile is topic of much speculation and has made the work world famous. Influences: The art of Italy was influenced by the re-birth or re-discovery of art & science during the Renaissance and Leonardo was one of the leading artists of the time. The ruling Medici family was well know for their support of artist and they supported the creation of religious art for the Catholic Church. Leonardo took the Mona Lisa with him to France where he was employed as a weapons designer and the Mona Lisa remains in the Louvre Museum in Paris to this day.

The Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

Leonardo Da Vinci

Fresco

Note the use of linear perspective.

Leonardo’s self portrait

Drawing from Leonardo’s sketchbook

Leonardo Da Vinci

Study of grotesque faces

Anatomical studies

Leonardo Da Vinci

The Annunciation

Leonardo Da Vinci

Tank drawing & prototype

Leonardo Da Vinci

Parachute drawing & prototype

Leonardo Da Vinci Catapult drawing & prototype

Renaissance 1400 - 1525
Artist Name: Michelangelo Country: Italy Date: 1508-1512 Title of One Art Work: The Sistine Chapel ―The Creation of Adam‖ Description: Fresco painting (pigment into wet plaster) Bible scenes painted on the ceiling of the church. Influences: The Catholic Church - Bible/ Commissions from church leaders. Intense competition with Leonardo da Vinci…..

Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo

The Sistine Chapel

―The Creation of Adam‖

Michelangelo

The Sistine Chapel

―The Creation of Adam‖

Michelangelo

―The Pieta‖

―David‖

Baroque 1600 - 1800
Artist Name: Caravaggio Country: Italy Date: Early 1600’s Title of One Art Work: The Crucifixion of St. Peter Description: Emotionally charged, dramatic lighting, strong diagonal placement of lines and shapes.

Influences: Start of the reformation, art works are brutally realistic. Caravaggio was a troubled man with many encounters with the law.

The Crucifixion of St. Peter
1600-6601

Oil on canvas

The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Italian: Crocifissione di san Pietro; 1600) is a work by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, painted for the Cerasi Chapel of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome.

The painting depicts the martyrdom of St. Peter by crucifixion—Peter asked that his cross be inverted so as not to imitate his mentor, Christ, hence he is depicted upside-down. The large canvas shows Romans, their faces shielded, struggling to erect the cross of the elderly but muscular St. Peter. Peter is heavier than his aged body would suggest, and his lifting requires the efforts of three men, as if the crime they perpetrate already weighs on them.
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on the Baroque school of painting.[1]

The Decapitation of Saint John the Baptist 1607 – 1608 Oil on canvas

Caravaggio (1573-1610). Probably the most revolutionary artist of his time, the Italian painter Caravaggio abandoned the rules that had guided a century of artists before him. They had idealized the human and religious experience. He was born Michelangelo Merisi on Sept. 28, 1573, in Caravaggio, Italy. As an adult he would become known by the name of his birthplace. Orphaned at age 11, he was apprenticed to the painter Simone Peterzano of Milan for four years. At some time between 1588 and 1592, Caravaggio went to Rome and worked as an assistant to painters of lesser skill. About 1595 he began to sell his paintings through a dealer. The dealer brought Caravaggio to the attention of Cardinal Francesco del Monte. Through the cardinal, Caravaggio was commissioned, at age 24, to paint for the church of San Luigi dei Francesi. In its Contarelli Chapel Caravaggio's realistic naturalism first fully appeared in three scenes he created of the life of St. Matthew. The works caused public outcry, however, because of their realistic and dramatic nature. Despite violent criticism, his reputation increased and Caravaggio began to be envied. He had many encounters with the law during his stay in Rome. He was imprisoned for several assaults and for killing an opponent after a disputed score in a game of court tennis. Caravaggio fled the city and kept moving between hiding places. He reached Naples, probably early in 1607, and painted there for a time, awaiting a pardon by the pope. Here there was a in his painting style. The dark and urgent nature of his paintings at this time must have reflected Caravaggio's desperate state of mind. Early in 1608 Caravaggio went to Malta and was received as a celebrated artist. Fearful of pursuit, he continued to flee for two more years, but his paintings of this time were among the greatest of his career. After receiving a pardon from the pope, he was wrongfully arrested and imprisoned for two days. A boat that was to take him to Rome left without him, taking his belongings. Misfortune, exhaustion, and illness overtook him as he helplessly watched the boat depart. He collapsed on the beach and died a few days later on July 18, 1610.

The Stigmatization of Saint Francis c. 1596 Oil on canvas

The Golden Age (Dutch: Gouden Eeuw) was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. Artist Name: Rembrandt Van Rijn Country: Dutch ―Netherlands Date: 1606 -1669 Title of One Art Work: The Night Watch ―The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642.

Description: A group portrait with extreme highlights & shadows
Influences: The rise of commercial trade in the Netherlands. Dramatic use of light & shadow in his work.

The Night Watch Artist : Rembrandt

Year: 1642
Type: Oil on canvas

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈr ɛmbrɑnt ˈ ɦɑrmənsoˈn v ɑn ˈr ɛin], July 15, 1606[1] – October 4, 1669) was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history and the most important in Dutch history.[2] His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the Dutch Golden Age. Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, his later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high,[3] and for twenty years he taught nearly every important Dutch painter.[4] Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible. His self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography, in which the artist surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity. [2] In both painting and printmaking he exhibited a complete knowledge of classical iconography, which he molded to fit the requirements of his own experience; thus, the depiction of a biblical scene was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge of the specific text, his assimilation of classical composition, and his observations of Amsterdam's Jewish population.[5] Because of his empathy for the human condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization." [6]

In contrast to his successful public career, however, Rembrandt's family life was marked by misfortune. Between 1635 and 1641 Saskia gave birth to four children, but only the last, Titus, survived; her own death came in 1642- at the age of 30. Hendrickje Stoffels, engaged as his housekeeper about 1649, eventually became his common-law wife and was the model for many of his pictures. Despite Rembrandt's financial success as an artist, teacher, and art dealer, his penchant for ostentatious living forced him to declare bankruptcy in 1656. An inventory of his collection of art and antiquities, taken before an auction to pay his debts, showed the breadth of Rembrandt's interests: ancient sculpture, Flemish and Italian Renaissance paintings, Far Eastern art, contemporary Dutch works, weapons, and armor. Unfortunately, the results of the auction – including the sale of his house - were disappointing.

Title: Lucretia. Date: 1666 Medium: Oil on canvas
Lucretia is a legendary figure in the history of the Roman Republic. According to the story, told mainly by the Roman historian Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus (who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus), her rape by the king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.

Rococo 1700 - 1780
Artist Name: Jean Honore Fragonard Country: France Date: 1766 Title of One Art Work: The Swing Description: A romantic encounter……a feminine look with many curves and embellishments

Influences: the rise of power of women in Europe and Russia…. Rebellion to Louis the XIV

Jean-Honore Fragonard The Swing 1766

Oil on canvas

Fragonard's scenes of frivolity and gallantry are considered the embodiment of the Rococo spirit. A pupil of Chardin and later Boucher, he won the Prix de Rome and from 1756 to 1761 was in Italy, where he developed a particular admiration for Tiepolo and the late Baroque style. In this period he specialized in large historical paintings. Returning to Paris, he soon changed this style, adopting instead the erotic subjects then in vogue and for which he is chiefly known, of which The Swing is the most famous. This picture became an immediate success, not merely for its technical excellence, but for the scandal behind it. The young nobleman is not only getting an interesting view up the lady's skirt, but she is being pushed into this position by her priestlover, shown in the rear. In this same spirit are some other famous pictures, The See-Saw, Blindman's Bluff, The Stolen Kiss, and the Meeting. After his marriage in 1769, he began painting children and family scenes (usually called genre painting) and even returned to religious subjects. He stopped exhibiting publicly in 1770 and all his later works are commissions from private patrons. To many, this painting embodies the entire spirit of the ancien regime on the eve of the revolution. What elements do you find representative of French society and morals?

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Pilgrimage to Cythera is an embellished repetition of his painting of 1717, and exemplifies the frivolity and sensuousness of Rococo painting.

The style reflects the joy and optimism of the times. Rococo affected many areas within the arts including painting, architecture, sculpture and interior design. Rococo was the chosen artistic style by the rising middle class. As all art movements reflected the times and the political social atmosphere, so did Rococo. It was the end of a more stagnate and strict period of time and an era full of optimism for the future. The arts began to pursue themes of interest and of amusement.

Artist Name: John Constable Country: England / Great Britain Date: 1821 Title of One Art Work: The Haywain Description: Scenes of everyday life, emphasis on detail and texture. Influences: Understanding nature and natural themes…first painting done outdoors on location.

Description John Constable’s The Hay Wain Date 1821(1821)

Beginning in the late 18th century and lasting until the middle of the 19th century a new Romantic attitude began to characterize culture and many art works in Western civilization. It started as an artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized a revulsion against established values (social order and religion). Instead Romanticism exalted individualism, subjectivism, irrationalism, imagination, emotions and nature, it valued emotion over reason and senses over intellect. These artists and philosophers of the time were in revolt against the existing social order and they favored the revival of potentially unlimited number of artistic styles (basically anything that aroused their senses or imagination).

George Caleb Bingham
c. 1845 Fur traders on the Missouri River

John William Waterhouse

The Lady of Shalott
1888

Romanticism

Artist Name: Winslow Homer Country: American / U.S.A. Date: 1876 Title of One Art Work: ―Breezing Up‖ Description: Three boys and their father sailing…not idealized or stylized….realistic. Influences: Homer was a field illustrator during the Civil War….He attempted to create lifelike themes with realistic subjects. His subjects were usually of water or nature.

Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th century America and a preeminent figure in American art. Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator.[1] He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized by the weight and density he exploited from the medium. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific oeuvre, primarily chronicling his working vacations. [2][3]

Winslow Homer

Breezing Up
1876 Oil on canvas

Other Realist: Jean Francois Millet The Gleaners

Other Realist: Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot(1796-1875) - Les contrebandiers

Homer, Winslow The Fox Hunt 1893 Oil on canvas

Winslow Homer Hound and Hunter, 1892 oil on canvas

Winslow Homer Civil War Illustrations

Winslow Homer (United States, 1836 – 1910), “Young Ducks”, 1897. Watercolor on paper, 14 x 21 inches.

Winslow Homer Watercolors

Artist Name: Claude Monet Country: France Date: 1906 Title of One Art Work: ―Water Lilies‖ Description: Capturing the effects of light on objects . Influences: The Impressionist left the studio and painted landscapes and street scenes around them.

Claude Monet (French pronunciation: [klod mɔnɛ]), born Oscar Claude Monet 1840 – 1926), was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise.

Claude Monet 1906

Water Lilies Oil on canvas

Artist Monet (1840–1926) Title Français : Terrasse à Sainte-Adresse Date 1866/1867 Medium Oil on canvas

Claude Monet
Pheasant 1869 Oil on canvas

Renoir

Other Impressionists

The Seine At Asnieres Oil on canvas

Two Sisters (On the Terrace) 1881

Impressionist ―Race Horses‖

Edgar Degas Pastel on panel

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence in the 1870s and 1880s. The name of the movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satiric review published in Le Charivari. Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on the accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. The emergence of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by analogous movements in other media which became known as Impressionist music and Impressionist literature. Impressionism also describes art created in this style, but outside of the late 19th century time period.

Artist Name: Vincent Van Gogh Country: France Date: 1889 Title of One Art Work: ―A Starry Night‖ Description: A swirling nigh full of stars Influences: Color contrast…..heavy texture and brush strokes …..inner conflicts and mental illness (epilepsy)

Vincent Van Gogh

―A Starry Night‖

Van Gogh

self portraits

Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch): 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life and died, largely unknown, at the age of 37 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Little appreciated during his lifetime, his fame grew in the years after his death. Today, he is widely regarded as one of history's greatest painters and an important contributor to the foundations of modern art. Van Gogh did not begin painting until his late twenties, and most of his best-known works were produced during his final two years. He produced more than 2,000 artworks, consisting of around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches. Although he was little known during his lifetime, his work was a strong influence on the modernist art that followed. Today many of his pieces—including his numerous self portraits, landscapes, portraits and sunflowers— are among the world's most recognizable and expensive works of art.

Vincent Van Gogh

―Wheat Field under Threatening Skies‖

Vincent Van Gogh

Landscape

Wheat Fields

Café at night

Vincent Van Gogh

Fishing Boats

Vincent Van Gogh

Night Cafe

1888

Artist Name: Edvard Munch Country: Norway Date: 1893 Title of One Art Work: ―The Scream‖ Description: A man on a bridge surround by a sky of fire Influences: Emotionally charged art that uses color to emphasize content.

Edvard Munch
Norway 1893 ―The Scream‖

The Scream (Norwegian: Skrik; created in 1893–1910[1]) is the title of expressionist paintings and prints in a series by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, showing an agonized figure against a blood red sky. The landscape in the background is Oslofjord, viewed from the hill of Ekeberg, in Oslo (then Kristiania), Norway. Edvard Munch created several versions of The Scream in various media. The Munch Museum holds one of two painted versions (1910, see gallery) and one pastel. The National Gallery of Norway holds the other painted version (1893, shown to right). A fourth version, in pastel, is owned by Norwegian businessman Petter Olsen. Munch also created a lithograph of the image in 1895.[2] The Scream has been the target of several high-profile art thefts. In 1994, the version in the National Gallery was stolen. It was recovered several months later. In 2004, The Scream and Madonna were stolen from the Munch Museum. Both paintings were recovered in 2006. They had sustained some damage and went back on display in May 2008, after undergoing restoration. [1]

'Expressionism' was a cultural movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the start of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world in an utterly subjective perspective, radically distorting it for emotional effect, to evoke moods or ideas.[1][2] Expressionist artists sought to express the meaning of "being alive"[3] and emotional experience rather than physical reality.[3][4] Expressionism emerged as an 'avant-garde movement' in poetry and painting before the First World War. It remained popular during the Weimar years,[1] particularly in Berlin. The movement was embodied in various art forms, including painting, literature, theatre, dance, film, architecture and music. The term is sometimes suggestive of emotional angst. In a general sense, painters such as Matthias Grünewald and El Greco can be called expressionist, though in practice, the term is applied mainly to 20th century works. The Expressionist stress on the individual perspective has been characterized as a reaction to positivism and other artistic movements such as naturalism and impressionism.[5]

―Ashes‖

Edvard Munch

Expressionists

Franz Marc

―Blue Horses‖

Artist Name: Salvador Dali Country: Spain Date: 1931 Title of One Art Work: ―The Persistence of Memory‖ Description: Unusual combinations of objects to create dream like fantasy art.

Influences: Sigmund Freud….Dreams are the key to understanding human behavior. Religious influences.

Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquis of Dalí de Púbol (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), commonly known as Salvador Dalí (Catalan pronunciation: [səɫβəˈðo d əˈ ɫi]), was a prominent Spanish Catalan surrealist painter born in Figueres. Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters.[1][2] His best-known work, The Persistence of Memory, was completed in 1931. Dalí's expansive artistic repertoire includes film, sculpture, and photography, in collaboration with a range of artists in a variety of media. Dalí attributed his "love of everything that is gilded and excessive, my passion for luxury and my love of oriental clothes"[3] to a self-styled "Arab lineage," claiming that his ancestors were descended from the Moors. Dalí was highly imaginative, and also had an affinity for partaking in unusual and grandiose behavior, in order to draw attention to himself. This sometimes irked those who loved his art as much as it annoyed his critics, since his eccentric manner sometimes drew more public attention than his artwork

Salvador Dali

―The Persistence of Memory‖

The well-known surrealist piece introduced the image of the soft melting pocket watch. It epitomizes Dalí's theory of "softness" and "hardness", which was central to his thinking at the time. As Dawn Ades wrote, "The soft watches are an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time, a Surrealist meditation on the collapse of our notions of a fixed cosmic order"[1]. This interpretation suggests that Dalí was incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. Although fundamentally part of Dalí's Freudian phase, the imagery precedes his transition to his scientific phase by fourteen years, which occurred after an atomic bomb was dropped in 1945. It is possible to recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in the strange "monster" that Dalí used in several period pieces to represent himself – the abstract form becoming something of a self portrait, reappearing frequently in his work. The orange clock at the bottom left of the painting is covered in ants. Dali often used ants in his paintings as a symbol for death, as well as a symbol of female genitalia. The figure in the middle of the picture is symbolized as a "fading" creature, as which, when one often dreams he or she cannot pin-point the exact form and composition of a creature. You can also see that the creature has one closed eye with several eyelashes. This also suggests that the creature is in a dreamstate. The iconography of this famous painting is that of a dream that Dalí had experienced. The clocks symbolize the passing of time that one experiences in

Salvador Dali's

Geoploliticus

Dali

Salvadore Dali

Sleep

apparition of face and fruit dish

Crucifixion

Artist Name: Pablo Picasso
Country: Spain Date: 1937 Title of One Art Work: ―Guernica‖ Description: The horrors of war…..destruction of shapes…..multiple views Influences: African sculpture….Einstein…..Space, time, relativity

Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso, in response to the bombing of Guernica, Basque Country, by German and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Republican government commissioned Pablo Picasso to create a large mural for the Spanish display at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) Paris International Exposition in the 1937 World's Fair in Paris. Guernica shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent civilians. This work has gained a monumental status, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace. On completion Guernica was displayed around the world in a brief tour, becoming famous and widely acclaimed. This tour helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world's attention.

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo ˈrwiθ piˈkaso] ; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor who lived most of his adult life in France. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937), his portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso demonstrated uncanny artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence; during the first decade of the 20th century his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary artistic accomplishments brought him universal renown and immense fortune throughout his life, making him one of the best-known figures in 20th century art.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Pablo Picasso

Picasso ―femme-en-pleurs‖

Picasso Sculpture

Chicago

Figure by the sea 3 women

Cubism

Look at the fragmenting of shapes and planes of color that are the beginning steps of abstract art leading to non-objective art.

Artist Name: Jackson Pollock ―Jack the Dripper‖ Country: U.S.A. Date: 1950 Title of One Art Work: ―Lavender Mist‖ Description: Paint thrown on canvas. Non-objective Art. Influences: The act of creating the art was as important as the finished product.

Pollock, Jackson Lavender Mist: Number 1, 1950

Pollock at work

For about seven years, from late 1946 to 1953, Jackson Pollock was working completely on his own. Very few people understood what he was trying to do. A few artists were making action paintings, but no one produced anything that was at all like Pollock’s layers of dripped paint. Pollock was trying to do something in paint that no one had ever done before. He considered the act of creation to be the important event. The paintings were simply a result of the action. Since Pollock considered his paintings to be an extension of himself, he had to work in a certain way. He would roll about 20 feet of canvas on the studio floor and open dozens of cans of industrial enamel. He would walk around ―the area‖ as he called the canvas, and throw, drip, pour, and squirt the paint using sticks, hardened paint brushes, tubes of paint, or his hands. His control was amazing!

Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956) was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety. He was regarded as a mostly reclusive artist. He had a volatile personality, sometimes struggling with alcoholism. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy. [1] Pollock died at the age of 44 in an alcohol-related car accident. In December 1956, he was given a memorial retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, and a larger more comprehensive exhibition there in 1967. More recently, in 1998 and 1999, his work was honored with large-scale retrospective exhibitions at MoMA and at The Tate in London.[2]



Artist Name: Andy Warhol Country: U.S.A.
Date: 1962 Title of One Art Work: ―Marilyn‖ Description: Bright bold colors – Everyday commerical objects and famous people. Influences: Popular culture – everyone or anything deserves it’s fifteen minutes of fames….Commercial printing technologies (screen printing)











Andy Warhol

Marilyn

Andy Warhol's Marilyn Prints
In the 1960s, Andy Warhol created several ―mass-produced‖ images from photographs of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley and Jackie Onassis. Andy Warhol (1928-1987) was a key figure in Pop Art, an art movement that emerged in America and elsewhere in the 1950s to become prominent over the next two decades. The Fauves used non-representational color and representational form to convey different sensations. Apply the same idea to the portrait of Marilyn Monroe below, using the controls to adjust the colors. How does the color affect the mood?

Want to change the color of Warhol’s Marilyn ? Go to:
http://www.webexhibits.org/colorart/marilyns.html

John Lennon

Andy Warhol

Mick Jagger

Che Guevara

Warhol

Skull

Warhol

Elvis

Andrew Warhola (August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987), known as Andy Warhol, was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became famous worldwide for his work as a painter, avant-garde filmmaker, record producer, author, and member of highly diverse social circles that included bohemian street people, distinguished intellectuals, Hollywood celebrities and wealthy patrons. Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. He coined the widely used expression "15 minutes of fame." In his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, The Andy Warhol Museum exists in memory of his life and artwork. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is $100 million for a 1963 canvas titled Eight Elvises. The private transaction was reported in a 2009 article in The Economist, which described Warhol as the "bellwether of the art market. " $100 million is a benchmark price that only Jackson Pollock, Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Pierre-August Renoir, Gustav Klimt and Willem de Kooning have achieved.[1]

Artist Name: Frank Shepard Fairey Country: U.S.A. Date: 2008 Title of One Art Work: Barack Obama "Hope" poster Description: a stylized stencil portrait of Obama in solid red, white (actually beige) and (pastel and dark) blue, with the word "progress", "hope", or "change" below (and other things in some versions).

Influences: Andy Warhol , Russian propaganda posters

The Barack Obama "Hope" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and became synonymous with the 2008 Obama presidential campaign.[1][2] It consists of a stylized stencil portrait of Obama in solid red, white (actually beige) and (pastel and dark) blue, with the word "progress", "hope", or "change" below (and other things in some versions). The design was created in one day and printed first as a poster. Fairey sold 350 of the posters on the street immediately after printing them. It was then more widely distributed—both as a digital image and other paraphernalia —during the 2008 election season, initially independently but with the approval of the official Obama campaign. The image became one of the most widely recognized symbols of Obama's campaign message, spawning many variations and imitations, including some commissioned by the Obama campaign. This led The Guardian's Laura Barton to proclaim that the image "acquired the kind of instant recognition of Jim Fitzpatrick's Che Guevara poster, and is surely set to grace T-shirts, coffee mugs and the walls of student bedrooms in the years to come." [3] In January 2009, after Obama had won the election, Fairey's mixed-media stenciled portrait version of the image was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for its National Portrait Gallery. Later in January 2009, the photograph on which Fairey based the poster was revealed: an April 2006 shot by former Associated Press freelance photographer Mannie Garcia. In response to claims by the Associated Press for compensation, Fairey sued for a declaratory judgment that his poster was a fair use of the original photograph.

Obey Plagiarist Shepard Fairey

A critique by artist Mark Vallen
Published on the occasion of Fairey’s Los Angeles solo exhibition, Dec., 2007. Most well known for his "Obey Giant" street posters, Shepard Fairey has carefully nurtured a reputation as a heroic guerilla street artist waging a one man campaign against the corporate powers-that-be. Infantile posturing aside, Fairey’s art is problematic for another, more troubling reason - that of plagiarism

Aesthetics: ―What is Art?‖

What initially disturbed me about the art of Shepard Fairey is that it displays none of the line, modeling and other idiosyncrasies that reveal an artist’s unique personal style. His imagery appears as though it’s xeroxed or run through some computer graphics program; that is to say, it is machine art that any second-rate art student could produce. In fact, I’ve never seen any evidence indicating Fairey can draw at all. Even the art of Andy Warhol, reliant as it was upon photography and mass commercial imagery, displayed passages of gestural drawing and flamboyant brushstrokes.

Frank Shepard Fairey

Kiss me deadly

Rise Above

Duality of Humanity 1 http://obeygiant.com/fine-art

COMMANDA

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