Pediatrics 1954 NYHAN 442 8
Content
NEONATAL GROWTH IN WEIGHT OF NORMAL INFANTS ON FOUR DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS WILLIAM L. NYHAN and MORRIS A. WESSEL Pediatrics 1954;14;442
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/14/5/442
PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned, published, and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 1954 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275.
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NEO NA TA L
GROW TH ON
By
IN
FOUR
W
LL
IFF
L.
M
R
W E IG H T
NT
F
w e ig h t
HE
n a ta l ex te n s iv e su c h
p e r io d s tu d y ,
has an d
s tu d i e s
lite ra tu r e
fo r
ev er,
a on
a ff o r d
been
som e
t i m e .”
of
of
ap proaches
to
nod.
Faber
and
such
a s tu d y
of
11 1
w h ic h
it
w as
12
w eeks
of
life
th e
b re a s t
g re a te r Q u ite
th a t
th e
in fa n ts
d id
not
on
in fa n t
p re s e n t
of
th e
b o rn
s tu d y
w eig h t
in f an ts f
F ro m of
th e
Y a le
H av e n ,
C onn.
P ro je c t
(1 )
from:
G e o rg e F i e ld of
to
docum en t
th is
approach
M ead
th e
w e re f e e d in g
to
units
th e
and
of
H e a lt h
fo r
th e
I n c .;
(4 )
N a tio n a l
N a tio n a l
H o w a rd
A v en ue,
H av en
th e
M ate rn ity
C o m m u n it y
D iv is i o n H ospital
m o rn in g
a ll
c a se s
of
th e
U n i v e r s i t y
and
in
all
fo r 54
days
w e ig h t
d a ta
fo r
firs t be
tim e and
t im e s
s im i l a r .
w e ig h e d
nude m o rn in g
a p a rtia l p e rio d s
In and
S in c e
th e
r ep re se n te d
su b se q u e n t
sponb a b ie s
th e
p ro c e d u re s . in
m o re
of
to o ,
g e n e ra lly
w e re
m o rn
r o o m i n g - in to
fe e d in g
p e rfo rm ed
p e rio d a ll
to
by
w e ig h -
th e th e
h e re ,
c le a n sin g
w e re
first
to
b a b y ’s
w e re
b a b ie s
b rie f
ca s e s sta n d ar d
te n d e d
th e
p rio r
f e e d in g th e
2 4 -h o u r
(2 )
T he
(3 )
T he
a ll th e
day.
re p re se n t
T he fu ll
in t e r v a ls .
T he
In stitu te
m ean
I The a r t i f i c ia l l y
of
1 9 5 4 .) New
c a rb o h y -
RESULTS
I n s t itu t e s
20,
evapo-
re tu rn ed
42
In
H o w ev er ju st
w e ig h in g s
In
H av en,
w a te r
G r ac e -N e w
th is
d aily
m ilk m ix tu re fe d w as in
c a rb o h y d r ate
Connecticut.
On
of
and A p ril
of
n u rs er y ,
p rio r
a .m .
upon
w e ig h e d
th e
w e i g h in g
of
g ra n ts -in -a id
C om pany;
deh o s p i-
u t i li z i n g
In
7 :0 0
w a i t in g
f o l lo w i n g
M e d ic i n e ,
been th e
added had
s ta f f ju st
at
w ak in g .
w e re
S e rv ic e .
p u b lic atio n
78 9
by
F o u n d a t io n , I n c .,
P u b lic
Address:
and
of
5%
p e rfo rm e d sc a les .
tim e
fle x ib le ,
D e p a rtm e n t
have
b e tw e e n
p e rfo rm e d
taneous
r e g i-
b o t tl e - f e d
m ix tu re
w ith
n u rs in g
b ala n c e
in g
fe e d in g
S chool
r e g u la r
in g s
new -
s e le c t i o n ,
th e
fr o m
s ele c te d
w e re
to
an a ly -
fo r by
a
scheda 4 -h o u r
age.
n u rs e ry
norm al
P r o je c t ,
s u p p o rte d
Johnson
H e a lth ,
(R e c e iv e d
of
d iff e re n t
been
B iv in
an
r o o m in g -in ;
c r i te r i a w eek
c h e c k -u p
100
on
d is ch ar g e w ate r
W e ig h in g s
L ittle ,
in v o lv e d
U n i v e r s it y
F o u n d a tio n ,
H e a l th ,
*
fou r
has
D a v is
M e n ta l
has
R o o m in g -In
Y a le
T h is
of
changes
on
P e d i a tr i c s ,
N ew
fe e d in g 6 # { 1 7 6 } a n d
e f fe c ts
of
f e ed in g .
T he s is
th e s e
and
i n f a n ts
p o s t n a ta l
b re as t-fe d
in
re ce iv e d
re c eiv ed
and
100
n u rse ry
first
d u r in g a n a ly z e d .
o n a 4-ho ur
th e
of th e
T h o se
in fa n ts w e re
s c h e d u le
m ix tu r e
m il k
th e
re f e r a b le
p re s e n te d
re -
fe e d in g .
ro o m in g -in ;1 4
n u r s e ry in
d u rin g
400
in
in th e
m ilk
th e s e
com -
m an ner
b e h a v io r.b 0 1 3
b een
p h y s io lo g ic al
to
s a id
s e lf- d e m a n d
has
th e
be
of
fo llo w s:
a fle x ib le
M e th o d
th e
d r a te .
as
b o ttle- fed
in fa n ts
a re
to
f ee d in g
and
stu d y
w h ich
re g a rd
of
100
s c h e d u le .
f ro m
W ith
th e o r y
on
r ate d
fed.
c o u ld
o f life
sc h e d u le
b r e a s t- fe d
u le ;
of
w eeks
w e re
fle x ib le
a
p r ed o m in an tly
been
g r o u p in g s a
100
of
e ig h t
in f a n t s
of
w e re
M ETHODS
changes to
ta l,
curves’
has
si x
in f a n ts .
g r o w th
th e re
m e th o d s AND
fe d
b a b ies
m u ch
w eig h t
first
b o t t le - f e d
pe-
f irs t
s ig n if ic an tly
g r o w th
s e lf -d e m a n d
th e
of
d if f e r
d if fe r-
on
in fa n ts ,
if th a t
d if fe r e n t
F o l l o w in g
of
a s ce rta in
d iffe re n c e s
th e s e
s c rib e d .1 5
re p o rt
fe d
in -
g a in
f ro m
f ee d in g ,
h o w e v e r,
a
to
s ig n if ic an tly
b o ttle
in
T he The
th e
d a ta
a r tific ia lly th e
th e
p a tter n
Iow a
b ased
w as
to
th e
b a b ie s
w e e k ly
breast
m e n te d
fe d
o rd e r
M A T E R IA L S
re p o rte d
d u rin g
a v e ra g e
of
of
s ta n d a rd
th a t
P a i v a ,4
g ro u p
1930
M.D.
WESSEL,
o b se rv a b le
la te d
w h ich th is
b o ttle
in f an ts
th a t
r ec e n tly
a
in and
th e
of
d u rin g
S u tto n 3
fe d
th a n
f ee d in g
fou nd
of
e ff e c ts
any
con-
groups
NS
th e
in v o lv in g
th e
in
how -
r eg im e n s
to
b re a s t
is ,
GIM
A.
M O R R IS
m ens
of of
in
T here
2
sim ila r
as
s u b je c t a n a ly s e s
R
IN F A N T S
C o nn Co nn ec ec t i c ut ut
neo-
a v a i la b l e
f e ed in g
c o n c lu s io n s
th e
th e
m a te ria l
d iff e r e n t
ent
of
been d e taile d
c o m p a r is o n
f a n ts
d u rin g
have
p a u c ity
c u rre n t
of
in fa n ts
of
H av a v en en
NORM AL
ING
M .D.,#{176}A N D
NYHAN,
N ew ew
T
OF
m il k
a
th e
p ro p o rtio n s added
m ix tu re
is i n
p ro te in ,
in
T he
c a l o r ic
d u r in g
g iv e n in m ix tu re
w as
c a lo rie s f at.
w e ig h ts
th e h o m e to o f e v a p o ra ted of
in
th e
a p p r o x i m a te l y 45% v alu e
in
th e
1 :1 .5 fo rm
to
in fa n ts m i lk
w h ic h
o f c o rn 16%
of
c a r b o h y d r a te is
5% sy ru p .
th e
and
ap p ro x im a te ly
C al/cc.
S e r v ic e .
pe-
44 2
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to ta l
39% 0 .7
O RI R IG IN A L TA BLE MEAN
W E IG H T
V A R IA T IO N S FR O M
Fao
G M 5.
B IR T H
W E IG H T
4
443
A RT R T IC L E S
BIRTH
4
OF
I 1 IG H T
D IF F E R E N T
F E E D IN G
Loss
MAXIMAL
AND
100
OF
GROUPS
B A B IE S
E M ’I I
G M S .
ON
R E G IM E N S
6
‘I aXirn /
D ay
Br e a s t f e d
_150. 8
Lo si
223. 2
215. 9
170. 2
121. 7
±8 5 . 9 t
±89 . 2
±11 0. 4
±1 1 1 . 9
±12 7. 4
110. 0
186. 2
124. 1
±7 5 . 8
±8 0 . 8
±10 6. 9
Bo t t l e f e d
100. 1
129. 0
102. 7
63. 7
nursery
±68 7
±72 8
±89 9
±97 1
nur s e r y
Br e a s t f e d r o o mi n g i n
Bo t t l e f e d
88. 6
room in g-in
104. 4
± 67 .2
89. 8
±96 . 4
2. 2
-2 3.3
-11 .5 ±10 4. 2
±4 9 6
1501
153. 4 ±75 9
±119 4
±1 0 8 . 3
1529
±88 . 2
31. 2 ±114 9
±4 1 6
173. 5
±15 1. 9
Is Is
1650
±98 . 2
15. 0
±14 0. 9
-57 .7
± 8 8.2
- 2 5 6 .7
±12 6. 1
55. 0
±1 1 9 . 9
75. 1
± 7 7.7
8 4 .8
II
±45
-13 1.4
15 29
±71 . 9
±3 9 1
M ea ean. n. S tan da dard
nod
d ev ev iatio n. n.
the period
gro ups
of
babies
C hart
I. It m ay ay
w ei eight
variation
quite
be
B ef efore
b irth
each
w ei eig ht.
mean
ences F or
each
m ea e ans
of
an d
be
the
were
an d
T h ese
data
no
fo r
(t test)
sign ificant
various
perdiffer-
the
ch anges
in
w eigh t
tw o
or
E AN EACH
DA I L Y ON
WE I GHT S F OUR
OF
FO U R
G RO U PS
DI F F E RE NT
OF
F E EDI NG
00
B A B IE S
R E GI ME NS
attribu tab le
co w ’s
m ilk.
the greater
losses
b abies
on
d ay
bu t
cant
at
of
On
som ew ew h at
throu gh
th e
days
1%
or
and
six
5%
x CD
loss
w er ere
again
ally
(0 .1%
leve vell
T he
{149}
B I RTH
2
3
fe d
R oo oo m In g
In
‘Breost
fed
R o o m In g
In
{149 }Bo IIIe
fed
Nu rsery
.B re o s I
fe d
Nut
4 DAY
CHART
B O IIIe
I
5
nery
6
last
th e
lesser
w er ere of
th e
significant
lin es
of
o f th ose
this
table
as
opposed
to
th e
d ifferences
strict
com pa pariso ns
th an
not
statistic-
a tt tt ri ri bu b u t ab ab le le t o f l ex ex ib ib le l e schedule
riod
did
of con onffide denc ncee).
tw o
lose
con fidence.
i n m ax a x im i m al al
be
to
sig nifi-
lo sses
estim at ation
tend ed
d irec-
m ag ag nitude.
five
an
b oth
w as as th e
sam e
D if i f fe f e re r e nc n c es es
h ig hly
loss
room in ing-in
the
lev els
seven
d if i f fe f e r s ig i g ni n i fi f i ca c a nt n t ly ly
(0.1%
am on ong
in
day
sig nifi-
m ax axim al al
A m on ong w ere
nursery
w eek
greater
d ifferen ces
of
bottle-fed
first
T ile
II,
u se
h ad the
the
II.
T able
tile
babies
of
test).
differences
the
than
con fid en ce).
D ifferences
in
to
breast-fed
babies.
tion
calcu-
I and
the
A m on ong
sign ificantly
b abies
T ab les
of
be
b reast-fed N
w ei eig ht
(t
co m parison s
cantly
of
b irth
w er ere
in
estim at ation
each
T ile
statistically
b abies
likew ise
from
d ev iations
presen ted
an
hu m an an
lev el
g ro ups.
are
m ight
determ in ed .
v ariations
analyzed
first
that
w ere
stan dard
lated
reg ard
c a l c u l a t e d and
difference
infan t
o f these
grou ps
d eviations
w eight
th eir
represen t
w ith
stan dard
w er ere th e
in
w as as to
birth
T he stud y
birth weight
am on ong
g ro ups
com pa parability T he
T here
fo ur
from
grou ps.
analysis of mean
form ed ed.
pattern
ten ded
statistical
fo r
th e
cu rves
fo ur
further
tested
the
fo ur
presented
that
am on ong
all
of the are
seen
T he
for
w er ere
an
studied
sim ilar.
sm oo ooth
to
o f ho spitalizatio n
schedule
the less
during
schedule-fed
ad
in volve
that
m ig igh t feeding
feedin g.
lib-fed the
In
bab ies
ho spital
b ab ies.
p e-
A m o ng
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4 44
N Y H A N -N E O N A T A L
GROW TH
T A BL E S I G NI NI F I C AN AN T
t
I ) I F FE FE I I E N C ES ES
Loss
F U 0M
n u r ser y nursery
roOIIIiIlg-iII
B ottle-fed
roohnillg-in
n u r s e ry rooming-in
B ottle-fed
n u r se r y
Bottle- fed
roolnillg-ill
OF
AND
BABIE S
M a x ima l
th e
w e re
w e re ,
c an t
d i f f e re n c e s ,
th e
b o ttle -f e d
th is
b ab ie s .
p ari s o n
w e re
s am e f ew er
of
D i f f e re n c e s
at
on
lo s s
w as
th e in
s ig n if ic an t
p<
of
s ig -
b o ttle - f e d
th is
th e
l as t
5
com -
e ac h
significantly more
g ro u p . g ro u p s
than
O the r at
th is
had
m e an s
s t a n d ard
p o s s ib ility
o b s e rv e d m ig h t
w e re
a ri s e s
d i f f e re n c e s be
fed babies
re l a t e d
am o n g not
t h at
d u ri n g to
received
o f l i fe fe w hi hi l e t h e a c o m p a ra b l e
w as f or
An then
th e
food
b re a s t - f e d c a l o ri c
l a c ta t a t i on o n s o m e wh wh a t
b ab ie s T he
of
th e th e
for
deg ro u p s
of
m e an s
an al y s i s
th e s e
of
performed. III.
m e an
d if -
These T h is
data
a n a l y s is
a p re re ci c i s e e st s t i ma ma ti ti on on o f t h e a ve ve ra ra ge ge
rat i o n
of
w e ig h t
w h ic h
w as
not
sented
in
d aily
C h a rt
w e ig h ts w eig h t
in
g ro u p
in
th e
f ro m
I , w h e re
s im p ly
w e re
lo w e s t
th e
lo s s
p o ss ib le
four
th e
of
g ro u p s
p re -
a v e rag e
T he
d ay
s ig n if ic an tly
b re a s t - f e d
n u rs e ry
am o n g
th e
of late r
b ab ie s
i n e it it he h e r o f t he he b o tt t t l e f e d g r ou o u p s. s. o t h e rw i s e
du -
d at a th e
d e t e rm i n e d .
o c c u rr e d
g ro u p s
D ifw e re
DAY
OF
L O W E ST
E AC H
W E IG H T
4
ON
III
FOR
1 )I F F E R E N T
4
G io u e s
OF
FE E D ING
th e
f i rs t
th at
in tak e l a t e r.
so m e
f ro m
g ai l I .
v a ri o u s
10 0
BABIES
R E G IM E NS
Standard
D ay
Devza1 on
s ig n if ic an t
th e
f ac t
w k. k.
6
t h e re f o re
th e
i n T able
presented
or
b o t t l e - f ed ed
d i f f e re n c e s tim e
lo ss
d e v iatio n s
was
f e re n c e s
statistically.
T he
initial
.05
of
c h e c k uupp th e h ad g ain e d th e
.001
2.11
T ABLE
t h e t i m e o f t h e s i x wwee e k b re a s t - f e d n u rs e r y g ro u p
four
p<
b ab y
confidence.
n u rs e ry
6. 32
.001
g re at e s t
d e t e rm i n e d .
t h an an
le v e l
th e
T he
th e
gives
o n ly
b ab i e s
f or
are
d i f f e r-
m ax i m al
w e ig h t
ferences
c o n s is t-
.0 2 )
.001
3.52
.001
h av in g
w e re
s ig n if i-
of
o c c u rr e d
th at
p<
g ro u p
an d
d i re c t i o n .
w e re
T he
3.50
.001
th e
2.43
3.60
p<
t e rm i n e d .
n u r s e ry
S i g n i f i c an t
f o u r.
t h an
m ax i-
b ab i e s
ro o m i n g - i n les s
d if -
b o ttle- f ed
th e y
p<
ks.
p< p<
.001)
p<
opposite
T he
p<
th e
c o m p a ri s o n an d
n u rs e ry
By
6
H
8.32 .0 0 1 )
.05
ro o m -
th e
p <
.05
5.20
s ig n if ic an tly
m an y
an d
p<
.001
b re a s t - f e d
all in
.0 0 1 )
2 .2 0
d ay .
m ag n itu d e .
n if ic an tly
p <
p <
2.06
th e
h o w e v e r,
s m alle r in
.0 5 )
q u ite of
A m ong
T h e re
t h re e
p< p<
5.00
5.27
.0 0 1 )
5.99
.001
b re as t - f e d
lik e w is e
p <
.01
s i g n if i c an t
e ac h
th e
th o s e
d i f f e re n c e s
d ay s
p<
p re re se se nt nt ed ed
h ig h ly
am o n g
en ces
a re
f ig u r e s
on
b ab ie s .
<
7.20
.0 0 1 )
2 .2 8
lo s se s
w e re
th e
M A XIM AL
ON
R E G IM E NS
3.55 .01
p <
p
o c c u rr e d
th an
p<
7.44
. 001)
b ab ie s
g re a t e r
p<
3 .5 6
b re a s t - f e d
e n tl y
FE E DIN G
8.00
.0 0 1 )
2 .8 1 .05
p < p<
c o m p a r iso n
b ab ie s
p<
2 .1 0
B re a s t - f e d
th e
.001)
p<
Breast-fed
in g - in
8.20
4.56 p < p<
Breast-fed
m al
C hANG E
; I O I P S
Loss
Bottle-fed
f e re n c e s
1 )I F F E R E N T
W E IG IIT
4
B r e a s t - fe d
th e
AVE R AG E
AM O NG
D ay
e a ch
IN
W E IG IIT
4
In
\A L U E S )
BIR T h
II
th e w e ek
b o ttle f i rs t
w aite d th e d ay
n u r s e ry
3 .6
1 .0
B re re as as t - f ed ed
ro om om in i n gg- i n
3.4
1
B ot ot t l e - f ed ed
n ur urs e ry
3.2
1 .3
B ottle-fed
rooming-in
3 .1
0 .9
d ay for
ons et of
B re a s t - f e d
lo w e s t
of
L ow group
t
=
3. 62
a m on on g
d ay than
o c c u rre d in
the
p < . 0 01 01
th e
g ro u p s
s i g n i f i c an t l y
last
two
r e s pe pe c t iv iv e l y .
w er er e
not
later
groups:
t=2.8
I ) i f fe fe r e n c e s
s i g n if ic a n t
th e
in
firs t
p<.Ol
o t h e r w isis e
s t a t i s t i c al l y .
Downloaded from from pediatrics.aappublications.org at Indonesia:AAP Sponsored on March 7, 2014
and
O RI R IG IN A L
A RT R T IC L E S
TA BLE C O M P O S IT IO N
OF
THE
G RO U PS
W IT H
REGARD
445
IV TO
SEX,
AND
COLOR
S ex
M A TE R NA L
P A R IT Y
o lo r
M a le
F e m a le
W h it e
N eg ro
Parity
tern l
M ul l i par a
P r im ip a r a
B ottle-fed
nursery
52
48
75
25
9
8
B re reast-fed
n ur ursery
48
52
65
35
3
69
Bo t t l e f e d
r oo oo m n g i n
56
44
87
13
44
56
B re reast-fed
ro om om in in gg-in
48
93
7
66
34
nott no
sign gniificant T h ree
statistically.
facto rs
w ei eight
cou ld
lectio n
because
th e
an d
three
W hen
that
there
w er ere
nu rsery
sex
groups
X 2
t wo wo
br oad
di d
not
f ed
gr oups
25
=
the
Th e r e
than (p.
in
to
b reast
fed
latter of
bot t l e f ed p arity.
p rim ip arous
differences
th e
of care
(p.
r ef l e c t t he
grou ps an d
9.8
=
cho osing feed ing
am on ong
th e
th e
fact
group s
only
differen ces
betw een
cow ’s
m ixtu res
fact
m ilk th at
T he
in
in
in
sam e
d irection.
T he
results
clinic
visit
A ct ctually
barring
unexpected
th e
in
energ y
o utpu t
fluctuations
of healthy
n ew bo bo rn
rel at ed o t he he r
mo r e f ac a c t or or
to Amo n g
f ood t he he
i nt ake gr oups
t han
to
o f babi es
general
spread
are
any i n
very
after
am on on g
am on g h ouse
neonatal
advice
dou btful
that
th e
little
philosophy
of
the
in
these
of
gains
in
postn atal
to
interp ret.
m od ode
of feedthe
fo ur
the
ho spital.
flexible
feeding
period
this
m em em be bers to
of the
neonatal
parents staff
low est
po ints
am o ng from
any
b reast-fed
of
discharg e
d uring
th e
difficult that
lactatio n.
b ab ies
tim e
m or o re
it is lik ely
d iffered
sched ules
w eight
infan ts
are
foo d b reast-
of
analysis
the
the
day
in
th e
by
to
the of
bo ttle-fed
of
m ad ade
the
receiv ed
the
to
and
rather
w hi hile
later the
that
no t
m ilk
onset
th at
occurred
w eig ht
life
lo ss
suggests
b ut
th e
than
T he
differences
aw ai aited
babies
COMMENTS
th at
of
daily
related
babies
day
w ei eig ht
ing
likely
bottle-fed
first
observation
th e
five
are h um an
room -
popul po pulation.
appears
the
ro om ing -in in
used
pe-
b abies.
differences day
to
this
babies, h ad
th e
d ifferences
tend
h ad
bottle-fed
throu gh
ob serv ed
the
con sistently
am on ong
sig nificant
grou ps
It
that
signifi-
ov erall
life
the
babies
various
of
D ur urin g
losses
than
bo ttledid
greater
fed
c o mp o s i
the
at
flu ctu atio ns
w eek
ex pectatio ns.
that
than
the room in ing-in babies co nsistently
< .01 )).
the
o f life fo od
babies
those
and
w ei eight
first
flex ible
d id
losses than b reast-fed
signifi-
the
th an
th at
a
greater and the
the
re-
fo od
w ee eek T he
n ursery
from
the w er ere
m o th ers (X ’
nod
on
m or ore
the
these
b ab ies
w ith
A m on ong there
gro up
mo r e
first
received
during ou t
the
(X ’
grou p
the
expected
fed sched ule,
babies.
bear
occurred
nu rsery differ
during
be
m or ore
fou r-hou r
babies
bot t l e
room ing-in
not
least fed
it m igh t
babies
received
a strict
gr oups
group s
did
schedu le
T he
t he s e
t he he
the
the
group
t he he
f rom
nu rsery
ho w ev ev er, m ore
T he hese
th e
m at aternal
cantly
clinic
W t hi n
in
the
ro om ing-in
s i gni f i ca nt l y
A m on g
in g-patien ts,
typ es
tw o
in the
br e as t f ed
we r e
< .01)).
f rom
cantly
tion
the
t he he
n ot sigto colo r
N eg egroes
< .00 001)) 1))..
(p.
g r o u p i ng s
b reast-fed
gard
in
m ot others
grou ps 14 .6
m or ore
study
general
no ted
seen
grou ps
the b ab y w ere W it ith regard
p resent
in
breast-fed
T ab le
vario us
di f f er s i gni f i c ant l y
p rim ip arou s
in it w as as
the
than
sex T he
relation
is p resented
sign ificantly
g roups
w ith
the
on
vario us co lor,
statistically
of 1 .3).
se-
m o ther.
g ro ups
am on on g
to (X ’
w er ere
o f th e
fo ur
p rior
of the
T hese
factors
differen ces
influ ence by
n atu re
p arity
analyzed
referable nifican t
m ight
co ntrolled
o f the
of the
th ese
IV .
be
inv olved. baby
break dow n to
w hich
not
po pulation s of
52
has
clinic
so
and
respon sible parents
these
th at
b abies
Downloaded from from pediatrics.aappublications.org at Indonesia:AAP Sponsored on March 7, 2014
for it
w ere
is
N Y H A N -N E O N A T A L
44 6 s tric tly
of
s c h e d u le - fe d
life
at
d u r in g
hom e.
p r o b a b ility
T hese fo r
d if fe re n c e s
it is e v id e n t
th e re
at
th is
tim e
w h ic h
to
th e
ty p e
of
have
been
p h ilo s o p h y
th e
n u rs in g
ty p e
th e
at be
tha t
th a t
case
s ig n if ica n tly
m ore
c o u n te rp a r ts .
in g
o f th e asp ect
g ain s
w as
v a r io u s
a v a ila b le .
th e
th e
up.
end
i m p o s s ib l e
c lo s e
of
m e a s u re d
by
in
th e
g ain
even
th o u g h
firs t
th is
tim e
a re
w eek
of
as
T he
p o s s ib i lity
tha t
in
in f lu e n c e d
th e s e
v a r io u s
d i r e c ti o n s a d v e rse
w e re ences
am ong or
te re s t
w i th
reg a rd
b re a s t- fe d b ir th
g r e ate s t
fo u n d
to
in
th e
m ore
to
th e
be
to
n a ta l
th a t
n u rse ry g ro u p s.
s ta te d s lo w ly
In
g a in
th a n e a rlie r
in f a n ts w h ite
of
lik e ly
tha t
be
re la te d
tio n
of
g ro u p
th a n
th e
o b s e rv e d cant
th e
o c c u r re d
life .
at
in
in fa n ts .
foo d
in tak e
is
th e
c o m p o s ir o o m in g -in
th e
p a rity
b r e a s t- fe d
w e re fro m
th e s e th e
f ir s t
th e
th a t
si g n i fi-
tw o
g ro u p s
few
th a t
in th e
b e tw ee n
fac t
in d ic a te
un-
c o u ld
g ro u p
th e
w e re
e x p e c te d
expect
in
to
tr en d
it
th e in
w o u ld
d u r in g
seem
days
of
d iff e r e n c e s
o p e r a t in g .
SUMMARY
N e o n a ta l in fa n ts
ro o m -
litcra tu re l,
g a in
o n ly
the
in
b e tw e en
18
N e g ro e s th e
d iff e r e n c e s
th is
d iffe re n c e s
H o w ev er,
w o u ld
to
b o ttle -fe d
d if fe re n c e s
n u r s e ry
As
A m ong
one
ro o m -
a g re a te r
p a r ity ,
lo s s es
th e
th e
b irth
w e ig h ts .2 ’
m o re
in
in
g ro u p s.
lif e
b een
grou ps.
neo-
co n s is -
th e
lo s s e s .
d i sp a rity
g re a te r
d ire c tio n
th e
of
th e th e
th is
o bser-
a le s s
th a n
o b se rv e d
of
on
s e rie s
in
an d
recent order
d ire c tio n
th e
th e have
in f a n ts
c o n ta in in g
d iff e r e n c e s
to
b a b ie s
m ore
s m alle r
an d on
th a n
p re se n t
o p p o s ite
e f fe c ts
had
b irth
w e re
th e
th e
to
in itially
b ir th
th o u g h
d iff e r
G rif fith
sho w ed
th e
not
m o th e r s
p r im ip a ra e
had
w h ic h w eek
In
n u rs e ry
liter a tu r e
w e ig h t
of
who
s e r ies
s lo w ly
e ff e c t
th o s e
reg ard
by own
chang es
of
tw o
fir s t
s m a ll
in -
o ld e r
M e r e d ith ’ s 2 th e
g ro u p s,
th e
heavy
do
of
th e
m ore
m ore
tre n d .
th a t
in fa n ts
th e
to
is
lo s e
w eig h t
fo rm e r
in
N egro th a n
r e g a rd It
u n if o r m ly
groups
th a t
d if fe r-
h av e
th e re
g ain
n ev er th e le s s ,
th e
w ith
th e
w ith
th e ir
th e ir
d id
g ro u p
o f p rim ip a ro u s
to
on
is in
p a tie n ts
lo s s e s
g re a te r
th o s e
th e
baby.
h ad ,
d u rin g
noted
in g - i n
is
th e
grou p
w e ig h t
of w ith
of
th e
c o n s id e re d . w e ig h t
s ig n ific a n t
g ro u p s
sex
w e ig h t
lo s s e s
P o s tn a ta l
in
no
n u rs e r y
lo w es t
w as
n o te d
num ber
h av e in
on
s e lec tio n
th e
w e ig h t
It
w as
i l ln e s s
w ere
b irth
th a n
obs erved of
th a n
grou p
in
am ong fed
th e
r e v ie w ed
an d
in g -in
q u i te
m ig h t w e ig h ts
by
T h e re
o th e r
re g im e n
n eo n a tal
e ffe c ts
c o n tr o lle d
s tu d ie d .
fa c to rs
f e ed in g
been
g ro u p s.
am ong
In
in f an ts
group s,
d if fe r e n c e s
re-
g ro u p s
n u rse ry w ho
b r e as t- f ed
b o ttle -fe d
has
te n t
v e ry
a re
not
th e
A m ong
p a r i ty .
v a tio n s
m ark ed .
T he
th e
m u l t ip a r a e .
th e
d if fe r e n c e s
life
in -
observed
w ere
p rn rn p ara e
fe e d in g s .
th e
la ter
w eek
re a lly
th e
of
p a rity , th e re th e ro o m in g -
th e
m o re
breast
b o ttle
been
re g im e n s
th e
m a te rn a l am ong
th an
s u b je c t,
th e
by
g a in
am ong
am o ng
w e re
G ittin g s 1 8
n e o n ata l s ix
d iff e re n c e s
s ig -
w h ite
s tu d y
at
w h ic h
st ri k -
th e
w e ig h t
th a t
m o th e r s
fro m
th e s e
of
no
w ith
lik e ly
ro o m in g -in
b a b ies
o f th e
th e s e
f e ed in g
w e ig h t
d iff e re n t
noted
th a t
d if f er e n t
u s ed
am ong
tim e
It is e v id e n t
r es u lts
little
of
s im ila rity
th e
m ay
fa ct
m o st
th e
p re s e n t
th a n
m a te rn a l
b ecause
a n a ly s es at
b a b ies
g a in e d of
fo u n d
c o m p a re d
th e
co lo r
th e re
th e
b o ttle - fe d
The
in
g ro u p s
d iffi-
the
a n a ly s is
d a ta
grou ps
check
th e ir
w as of
fo r
as
app ears
to
A ls o
regu-
It
ba bies
P r e c is e
fa c to rs
n atu re
acco un t
It
in
W ith re g a rd to w e re m o re p rim ip a ra e in
any
baby.
n u r s e ry th a n
to
m o re
P atr ic k l?
studied.
re c e iv e s
is m u c h
in fa n ts
la te d
s ch ed u le s
u nd er
and
d iff e re n c e s
d iff e re n c e s th e
to
n if ica n t f a n ts .
a p p e a lin g easy
B a k w in
N e g ro
r e la te
a b o ttle -f e d
fa cto rs
b re a s t-fe d
la tte r
fe e d in g
th is
s ig -
P o s s ib ly
o f a b r e a s t- fe d
th e s e
of
lik e ly
it is re la tiv e ly
th e
sery
c o u ld
o f fo o d
a ll
C e r tain ly
C e rta in ly
w h il e
th e
in
d iff e re n c e s
p a rtic u l a rly
am oun t
in
fe w
in g e s ted .
m o th e rs .
a fe e d in g
c u lt
tim e .
fle x ib le
o f s ch ed u le
la te
th is
c e n tly ,
m o n th s
p a u c ity
w e re one
fo o d
of
m ig h t
th e
at
th a t
fir s t
c o n si d e ra tio n s
accoun t
n if ica n t
th e
G RO W TH
16
it
w eig h t M o re
w as b le
re -
and
w e ig h t
w e re
s tu d ie d
com p osed s ch e d u le 100
w e re
ch an ges
of of
of
s ta tis tic ally . 200
w h ich
b o ttle -f e d ;
in f an ts 100
and
fed w e re
200
40 0
normal
T he
s e r ies
on
a fle x i-
b r e a s t- f e d
in f a n ts
Downloaded from from pediatrics.aappublications.org at Indonesia:AAP Sponsored on March 7, 2014
fed
O R IG IN A L on
th e
co n v e n tio n a l 100
w hich
w ere
b o ttle -f e d . ad
th e
fed
b ab ie s
in
th e
th e
w e ig h t and
s m alle r
d u ra tio n
12.
of
g ro u p
th a t
n ursery th e
h ad
g ro u p
fo u r
th a t
th e
four
grou ps
ences
in
w e re
twins 13.
w e ig h t
no
s ig n ific a n t
A.
d u r in g
th is
obs erved
p e r io d .
It
d if fe r e n c e s
p a r alle lle d fo o d
am ong fe lt
am ong
th e
B . T .:
fro m
b irth
Io w a
S tu d ie s
J.
g ro w th
H.
negro
J.
in
C h ild
W e lfa re ,
H.
V.
an d
B ro w n ,
G ro w th te n
in
days
of
1 1 :2 4 , 3.
H.
and
S.
J a c k so n ,
A.
Ilg ,
of
In fa n ts .
C.
N ew
A.
A bout
G.
in d u l g e n c e
O lm s ted ,
and
Io w a
F .:
C ity .
1927.
: W e ig h t
of
2 4 :4 0 5 ,
life .
1944.
J.
in fa n ts
C.
T he
:
d u rin g A rc h .
th e
P e d i a t .,
R e cl# { 2 3 3 } n N a c id o de
con
A l i m e n ta c i # { 2 4 3 } n
G ro w th
L .:
J.
F e e d in g
J.
P h il a d e l p h i a , 1937. A ld ric h ,
M a ry
B. M .:
4
re g Im e n e s
e arly
K .:
N ew In c .,
A ll
Y o rk ,
f ee d in g
J.
in fa n c y .
and
Pediat.,
and
Jacks on,
f e e d in g
in
P E D I A T R IC S
F ran c es b e h a v io r
P.
E d ith
a gr gr u pa pa r o n
a l i m e n ta d o s
al
re g im e n 100 n if lo s
a r ti f i c i a lm e n t e de
th e
first
6 :3 9 6 ,
1950.
and
M cLendon,
of
an
in fa n t
w e ek
un
com o
una
de
c u a tr o la
sem ana p r e s e n ta r o n
v er
o b te n i d o s
s i g u ie n t e
m an e ra :
100
y de pecho
a
fijo Ia
ro o m y 100
con
in te r-
p re v ia
m # { 2 3 3 } to d o y
l# { 2 2 5 } c te a
c r it e r i o
de
flifiO S
ali-
Los
re c ib ie ro n de
1 :1 .5 ,
de
v a r i a c io n e s
g ru p o s
fu e ro n
m uy
ta b la
n O m e ro
(15)
fo rm u la
re ci# { 2 3 3 } n n a c id o s . m e z c la
v id a .
a r ti f i c i a lm e n t e
p u b lica s i# { 2 4 3 } n
de
se
ta le s
de
c o n o ce r el
si
a
sem anas
r e g im e n
una a
lo s
r e la c i O n
la y
a rtificia lm e n te
L as en
P. d u r in g
asI de
d o m i c i l io agua
de
En
d ie r o n
a li m e n t a de
d a to s
8
d e a u to -d em a n d a a lim e n ta d o s
4 h o ras .
a u to re s
lo s a
pecho
b a jo
seiecci#{243}n
en 6
n i # {2 {2 41 41 } os os se se
m iel
B .:
basa
100
un
de e l fin
a c h a c a b le s
p rim e ra s
m e n ta d o s
1944.
se
n o r m al al e s
d ife re n te s
d if e r e n c i a s y
o b se rv a c io n e s
r e c i# { 2 3 3 } n n a c i d o s
re a liz # { 2 4 3 } c o n
L os os
lo s
C om pany, P h y l l is
se
la s
b a jo in g -in ;
sus
400
e s tu d io
d u ra n te
v a lo s
C h i ld r e n .
N e w il l ,
p re se n ta n
p re s e n ta b a n
p ra ctic e .
S e lf -d e m a n d
W.
S e lf-d e m a n d
Feeding
d el
de
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D u rin g
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fo u r- h o u r
A R T IC L E S
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en
su
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a d ic io n a d a
de
y 5%
de
de
lo s
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lo s
1.
en s i m i la r e s ,
segO n
D u ran te
Ia
n i # { 2 4 1 } o s l im e n t a d o s m enor
p e so
p # { 2 3 3 } rd id a s d e
por p e so
se
ye
p rim e ra
a u to d e m a n d a que
lo s
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a li-
N Y H A N -N E O N A T A L
44 8 mentados de
ann
a lim e n ta d o s
p # { 2 3 3 } rd id a d e m a y o r. que
lo s
que
o b se rv a d a se
p e rIo d o
r ec ib ir v ez
a lc a n z a d o
la
una
p rim e r
d ia
h e ch o
a i n g e s ta de
pecho
en
de
s a l id o 6
se m a n a s
a
que
h o s p ita l de
v id a ,
se
n i flo s ,
m en os
d es d e
del
con
del
alim en tad o
de de
e s ta s
e s ta d Is ti c a -
c u a tr o
g ru p o s
p er Io d o
v is ta
n n m ero
co n de
o tro s
el de
fran ca-
F u era lo s
fijo
c ifr a s
g ru p o
e n tre d u ra n te
h o ra rio
con
o b s e rv a ro n
e l p u n to
n i# i# { 24 24 1 }o }o s , n i
p eso
de ra z a
de
o b se rv ay
sexo
e m b a ra z o
de
de
madre.
L as
s u f i c ie n t e .
del
no
de
c iO n ,
pecho
a r tific ia lm e n te .
s i g n i f i c a t iv a s
lo s
a
de al
y
m e n te
I a la cta c iO n
c a l O r ic a
fijo
la
t a n to
tu v ier o n
in s tala c iO n
h u b ier o n ed ed
v id a ,
s u p e r io r es
h o r ar io d ife r e n c ia s
de re c ib ie ro n
de
au m e n ta d o
m en te
que
d u ra c iO n
a
a lim e n ta d o s
h ab lan
peso
d i f e r e n c ia s
r ela c io n a ra n
de
una que
e sta s
a rtific ialm e n te el
n in o s
g ru p o
# { 2 3 3 } s t o s ,a d e m # { 2 2 5 } s , l a tu v o
que
a li m e n t a d o s el
p a ra U na
en
a li m e n t a d o s
lo s
e sp e ra r
m ism o a r t i f i c ia l m e n t e
p # { 2 3 3 } rd id a s d e
seno;
ser
d e sd e
el
a
se m a n a
a l im e n t o
en
a lim e n tad o s
m e n o re s
p e so
P u d ie ra
p r im e r a
fijo ;
lo s
p re se n ta ro n lo s
h o r a r io
co n
a u to d e m a n d a,
GROW TH
g ru p o s y lo s
e n c ia s
d if e re n c ia s de
n iflo s
e sp e ra d a s
en fu e ro n de
peso
de
p a r a le l a s ac u erd o
co n
es to s
c u a tro
a
la s
la
in g e stiO n
nutricional.
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d ife r-
Ia
NEONATAL GROWTH IN WEIGHT OF NORMAL INFANTS ON FOUR DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS WILLIAM L. NYHAN and MORRIS A. WESSEL Pediatrics 1954;14;442 Updated Information & Services
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