Philosophy

 

NOTES ON PHILOSOPHER’s 1. ARIS ARISTO TOTL TLE E Aristotle was born circa 384 B.. in Sta!ira" #reece.  In 335, Aristotle $o%n&e& 'is own sc'ool" t'e L(ce%)" in At'ens" w'ere 'e s*ent )ost o$ t'e rest o$ 'is li$e st%&(in!" teac'in! an& writin!. •

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Aristotle &ie& in 3++ B.." a$ter At'ens an& ,e& Accor&in! to Aristotle" one 'as'etole$t t'ino$ onesel$ astoa 'alcis. )e)ber o$  t'e lar lar!er !er co) co))%n )%nit( it("" t'e nei nei!'b !'bo%r o%r'oo 'oo&" &" t'e cit cit( ( an& co% co%ntr ntr( ( s'o%l& strie to e/cel" to brin! o%t w'at is best in %s an& o%r s'are& enter*rise. Aris Ar isto totl tle e wa wass t'e t'e )ost )ost *rac *racti tica call an an& & b% b%si sine ness ss0o 0ori rien ente te& & o$ all all *'iloso*'ers w'o as-e& et'ical %estions   Aristotle concl%&es t'at t'e role o$ t'e lea&er is to create t'e enir en iron) on)ent ent in w'i w'ic' c' all )e)ber )e)berss o$ an or or!an !ani2a i2atio tion n 'a 'ae e t'e o**ort%nit( to reali2e t'eir own *otential.  He sa(s t'at t'e et'ical role o$ t'e lea&er is not to en'ance 'is or 'er own *ower b%t to create t'e con&itions %n&er w'ic' $ollowers can ient ac'iee t'eir*'ilos *otential. Anc Ancien t #r #reeee*'i loso*' o*'er er Ari Aristo stotle tle"" to! to!et' et'er er wit wit' ' Soc Socrat rates es an& Plato" lai& )%c' o$ t'e !ro%n&wor- $or western *'iloso*'(.  %rin! 'is ti)e at t'e L(ce%)" Aristotle wrote e/tensiel( on a wi&e ran!e o$ s%bects5 *olitics" )eta*'(sics" et'ics" lo!ic an& science %n&erstan&in! o$ or!ani2ations" o$ )otiation   Aristotle 'el*s %s" b( sa(in! b%siness *eo*le s'o%l& %n&erstan& '%)an nat%re"   so we ca can n se see e 'o 'ow w to b%il b%il& & 'i!' 'i!'er er lee leels ls o$ e/ce cell llen ence ce on a $o%n&ation o$ 'a**iness an& satis$action" so *eo*le $eel !oo& abo%t w'at t'e(6re &oin! in t'e lon! r%n an&" t'ereb(" can s%stain t'e -in& o$ e/cellence b%sinesses 'o*e to ac'iee.

+. r Pa%l Herse( 7born 0an%ar( +9" 1:31 a!e 8+" &ie& 0ece)ber 18" +;1+ < " a *ro$essor an& a%t'or o$ =T'e Sit%ational Lea&er"= an& >en Blanc'ar& 7born 7born 0?a( 9" 1:3: a!e @4< " a%t'or o$ t'e best sellin! =One0?in%te ?ana!er"= a)on! ot'ers.  T'e t'eor( states t'at instea& o$ %sin! %st one st(le" s%ccess$%l s%ccess$%l lea&ers s'o%l& c'an!e t'eir lea&ers'i* st(les base& on t'e )at%rit( o$ t'e *eo*le t'e(6re lea&in! an& t'e &etails o$ t'e tas-. sin! t'is t'eor(" lea&ers s'o%l& be able to *lace )ore or less e)*'asis on t'e tas-" an& )ore or less e)*'asis on t'e relations'i*s wit' t'e *eo*le t'e(6re lea&in!" &e*en&in! on w'at6s nee&e& to !et t'e ob &one s%ccess$%ll(

 

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?ana!e)ent e/*erts Pa%l Herse( an& >en Blanc'ar& ar!%e t'at t'ese t'in!s 'a**en beca%se lea&ers &on6t )atc' t'eir st(le o$ lea&ers'i* to t'e )at%rit( o$ t'e *eo*le t'e(6re lea&in!. 'en st(le an& )at%rit( aren6t )atc'e&" $ail%re is t'e res%lt.

LEAERSHIP 5 An atte)*t to %se in,%ence to )otiate in&ii&%als to ac'iee so)e !oals. Hersey–Blanchard Situational Leadership Model5

E/*lains 'ow to )atc' t'e lea&ers'i* st(le to t'e sit%ation an& rea&iness o$ t'e !ro%* )e)bers.  Ability  

 T'e -nowle&!e" e/*erience" an& s-ill an in&ii&%al or !ro%* brin!s to a *a *artic%lar rtic%lar tas-. Willingness 

 T'e e/tent to w'ic' an in&ii&%al in&ii&%al or !ro%* 'as t'e conC conC&ence" &ence" co))it)ent" an& )otiation to acco)*lis' a s*eciCc tas-. Four Leadership Styles: Telling

 T'e lea&er &eCnes t'e roles nee&e& to to &o t'e ob an& tells $ollowers w'at" w'ere" 'ow" an& w'en to &o t'e tas-s Selling

 T'e lea&er *roi&es $ollowers wit' s%**ortie instr%ctions" instr%ctions" b%t is also s% s%**ortie. **ortie. Participating

 T'e lea&er an& $ollowers s'are in &ecisions abo%t 'ow best to co)*lete a 'i!'0 %alit( ob Delegating

 T'e lea&er *roi&es little s*eciCc" close &irection or *ersonal s%**ort s%**ort to $ollowers.

3. THIR>RAL5  T'ir%--%ral  T'ir%--%r al is a *recio%s !e) a)on! t'e classics" written b(  T'ir%all%ar %ni%e in t'e &elierance o$ co&e o$ con&%ct to t'e )an-in& to $ollow $or all ti)e to co)e. It is a )aster*iece o$ Ta)il literat%re"

 

co)*ose& &%rin! t'e last o$ t'e t'ree San!a) eras. It ens'rines in it 133; co%*lets %n&er 133 c'a*ters" eac' c'a*ter co)*risin! 1; erses. T'e c'a*ters a!ain $all %n&er t'ree )aor &iisions. Dirt%e" ealt' an& Loe.  T'is classical wor- written in Ta)il 'as been translate& in oer 9; lan!%a!es o$ t'e worl&.

MANAGEMENT

Peo*le" P eo*le" troo*s" wealt'" $orts" co%ncil" $rien&s 'o owns t'ese si/ is lion o$ -in!sF 0T'e >in!s 73:51< An or or!a !ani ni2a 2ati tion onGG in inst stit it%t %tio ion n ca can n be ca call lle& e& *o *owe wer$ r$%l %l"" w' w'en en it *oss *o sses esse sess e) e)*lo *lo(e (ees esGG tea) tea) 7* 7*eo eo*l *le< e<"" Cnan Cnance ce 7w 7wea ealt lt'< '<"" co co)* )*et etiti itie e a&anta!e 7$orts<" a&isorG boar& o$ )e)bers 7co%ncils< an& alliancesG s%**liers 7$rien&s<. ?ana!e)ent is all abo%t )ana!in! all t'ese $actorsG ele)ents. ?ana!erial $%nctions are beliee& to be t'e $ore)ost $%nction o$  a )ana!er since it inoles '%)an bein!s" an& is erasie in all t'e ot'er Ce actiities to be a s%ccess$%l or!ani2ation. or!ani2ation.  

PLANNING “Money and means, time, place and deed   Decide the these se !e and then proceed" #Modes o$ action %&':5(

Be$ore actin! resole all &o%bts t'ro%!' consi&eration o$ t'ese Ce5 cost" )eans" ti)e" *lace an& t'e action itsel$. Once t'e *lannin! is &one" e/ec%te it wit'o%t loo-in! bac-" ot'erwise (o% will lose t'e o**ort%nit(.  T'e *lannin! is t'e Crst an& $ore)ost actiit( o$ an( or!ani2ation be it startin! a *roect or intro&%cin! a new *ro&%ct in t'e )ar-et to een or!ani2in! a )eetin!.

 

 

)*+-I.I-+ “Load too many o$ them and e!en peacoc/ $eatures

  0ould 1rea/ th the e cart2s ale" #Stren4th %':5(

 T'e a/le tree o$ a ban&(" loa&e& onl( wit' *eacoc-s’ $eat'ers will brea-" i$ it be !reatl( oerloa&e&. So%n& or!ani2in! $acilitates a&)inistration" *roi&es $or o*ti)%) %se o$ tec'nolo!ical i)*roe)ents" an& sti)%lates in&e*en&ent creatie t'in-in!. Een" er( &ic%lt an& co)*licate& tas-s can be acco)*lis'e& wit'o%t an( 'assles" i$ t'ere is a *ro*er &iision o$ wor- an& is allotte& to t'e ri!'t *eo*le at t'e ri!'t ti)e. ele!ation o$ tas-s to s%b0or&inates will i)*roe t'e eJectieness an& ecienc( o$ a )ana!er )ana!er..  

S6FFI-+ “Ha!in4 $ound the man $or the tas/,  

Ma/e him responsi1le" #7mployment %58:'(

Hain! Hain ! consi&er consi&ere& e& w'at wor- a )an is Ct $or" let 7t'e -in!< e)*lo e)*lo( ( 'i) in t'at wor-. T'e e)*lo(ees are t'e assets o$ t'e or!ani2ation. Hence" t'e( 'ae to c'oose ri!'t e)*lo(ees $or t'e ri!'t *lace at t'e ri ri!' !'tt ti)e ti)e $o $orr t'e t'e ri ri!' !'tt *o *osi siti tion on.. iJer iJeren entt or or!a !ani ni2a 2ati tion onss )a( )a( a* a**l *l( ( &iJ &i Jer eren entt str strate! ate!( ( $or $or t'e se sele lect ctio ion n o$ e)* )*lo lo(e (ees es bas ase& e& on t'ei t'eirr re%i e%irre) e)en entts. T'e 'eir ir ai ai) ) is to c' c'oo oosse t'e be best st o$ t' t'e e lot lot $or t'e t'e or!ani2ation.  

DI*796I-+ “It is easy $or anyone to tal/,

 

 But hard to act thereon" #7ciency %&;:(

 To  To sa( 7'ow an act is to be *er$or)e&< is 7in&ee&< eas( $or an( one b%t $ar &ic%lt it is to &o accor&in! to w'at 'as been sai&. An e/tra or&in or&inar( ar( lea&er lea&er )% )%st st *os *osses sesss co%ra! co%ra!e" e" %ti %tili2 li2e e t'e aa aaila ilable ble reso eso%r %rces ces ecientl( an& eJectiel(" *roi&e -nowle&!e an& s'o%l& *ossess 2eal G *assion $or e/cellence. He G s'e s'o%l& 'ae e/cellent inter*ersonal s-ills an& s'o%l& be accessible. 9)-6*)LLI-+ “+uard a4ainst error as you <ould 4uard <ealth  For error is a $oe that /ills" #Faults %:(

#%ar& a!ainst $a%lts as a )atter 7o$ !reat conse%ence< $a%lts are a &ea&l( ene)(. It is t'e )eas%re)ent an& correction o$ *er$or)ance in or&er to )a-e s%re t'at enter*rise obecties an& t'e *lans &eise& to attain t'e) are acco)*lis'e&. As soon as an error or a &eiation is i&entiCe& &%rin! t'e *roect" it is essential to ta-e correctie actions to aoi& )aor *it$alls or )aor $ail%res. A $a)o%s %ote w'ic' sa(s A Stitc' in Ti)e Saes NineF is er( a**ro*riate 'ere. S0)6

SOT anal(sis 7alternatiel( SOT ?atri/< is a str%ct%re& *lannin! )et'o& %se& to eal%ate t'e Stren!t's" ea-nesses" O**ort%nities" an& *roect or  or in a b%siness ent%re. b%siness ent%re. A SOT anal(sis  T'reats inole& in a *roect can be carrie& carrie& o%t $or $or a *ro&% *ro&%ct" ct" *lace" in in&%str &%str( ( or *erson. *erson. It inol inoles es s*eci$(in! t'e obectie o$ t'e b%siness ent%re or *roect an& i&enti$(in! t'e internal an& e/ternal $actors t'at are $aorable an& %n$aorable to ac'iein! t'at obectie.

 

 

S6*7-+6H “0ei4h the stren4th o$ these 1e$ore you act#  6he deed2s your o<n, your enemy2s and ally2s"

#Stren4th %':=(

Let 7one< wei!' well t'e stren!t' o$ t'e $%nction 7'e *%r*oses to &o<" 'is own abilit(" t'e stren!t' o$ 'is co)*etitors" an& t'e stren!t' o$  t'e allies 7o$ bot'<" an& t'en act wise. Stren!t's i&entiCe& s'o%l& be )atc'e& %* to *otential o**ort%nities $or t'e co)*an(. It’s i)*ortant to tr( to eal%ate (o%r stren!t's in ter)s o$ 'ow t'e( co)*are to t'ose o$  (o%r co)*etitors. 07>-7SS “-othin4 is impossi1le $or him  0ho /no<s his tas/ and stren4th, and is <ell set?" #Stren4th %': 8(

 T'ere is not'in! w'ic' )a( not be acco)*lis'e& b( t'ose w'o" be$ore t'e( i)*le)ent t'e *rocess" )a-e )a-e t'e)seles ac%ainte& wit' t'e abil ab ilit it( ( an an& & ne ne!a !ati tie es" s" an& an& wi wit' t' w' w'at ate eer er else else is ne nee& e&$% $%ll to e/ e/ec ec%t %te. e. ea-ness s'o%l& be corr correcte&. ecte&. T Tr( r( to i&enti$( an( area o$ e/*ertise t'at is lac-in! in t'e b%siness. As (o% can t'en ta-e ste*s to i)*roe t'at

 

as*ect. It’s a !oo& i&ea to !et an o%tsi&e iew*oint on w'at are t'e wea-nesses are as (o%r own *erce*tions )a( not alwa(s )arr( %* to realit(.  

)@@)*6A-I6  “6he <orld 4i!es up those <ho 4i!e up  Stic/ to your tas/" #Manliness %&8: 8(

See- $or o**ort%nit( alwa(s ta-e care not to !ie %* e/ertion in t'e )i&s )i &stt o$ a worwor- t' t'e e wo worl rl& & will will aban aban&o &on n t'os t'ose e w'o w'o ab aban an&o &on n t'ei t'eirr %nCnis'e& wor-. O**ort%nities &o not co)e as we e/*ect t'e) t'e( s'ow %* ro%!' an& a!%e see)in! as *roble)s. In ot'er wor&s it wo%l& onl( on l( be reaso easona nabl ble e in a *osi *ositi tie e li li!' !'tt to se see e *r *rob oble le)s )s as *o *ote tent ntia iall o**ort o**o rt%n %nit itie ies. s. E/te E/terrna nall o**o o**ort rt%n %nit itie iess can can incl incl%& %&e e t' t'e e )i )is$ s$or ort% t%ne ne o$  co)* co )*et etit itor orss w'o w'o are are not not *e *er$ r$or or)i )in! n! we well ll"" *r *ro oi& i&in in! ! (o (o% % wit' wit' t' t'e e o**ort%nit( to &o better.

 

6H*76 “7amine merits and de$ects,  Stri/e a 1alance and choose" #Selection %5=: (

Let 7T'e entre*rene%r< consi&er t'e *ros an& cons" as well as t'e t'reat t'r eat"" contin contin!en !encie ciess an& t'e t'en n %& %&!e !e wis wise e be$ be$or ore e i)* i)*le) le)ent entin! in!.. One s'o%l& Cn& t'e ele)ents in t'e eniron)ent t'at co%l& ca%se tro%ble $or t'e b%siness or *roect. Anal(2in! t'e t'reats to (o%r b%siness re%ires so)e !%esswor-" an& t'is is w'ere (o%r anal(sis can be oerl( s%bectie. t'ir%--%ral stresse& t'at t'e wor- %n&erta-en s'o%l& be carrie& to its co)*letion. T'ese )ana!e)ent i&eas" t'o%!' )ore t'an +;;; (ears

 

ol&" are er( )%c' consistent wit' t'e i&eas o$ t'e )o&ern )ana!e)ent t'in-ers startin! sta rtin! $ro) Kr Kre&erice&eric- Ta(lor to Peter r%c-er r%c-er..

4.Peter Ker&ina& r%c-er ?ana!e)ent cons%ltant" Born in >aasber >aasber!"A%stria !"A%stria "octorate in International law"!er)an( . Macroeconomic theory: •

r%c-er sa(s t'at econo)ists o$ all sc'ools $ail to e/*lain si!niCcant as*ects o$ )o&ern econo)ies.

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A &esire to )a-e eer(t'in! as si)*le as *ossible. Accor&in! to r%c-er"" cor*orations ten& to *ro&%ce too )an( *ro&%cts" 'ire r%c-er e)*lo(ees t'e( &on6t nee& 7w'en a better sol%tion wo%l& be contractin! o%t<" an& e/*an& into econo)ic sectors t'at t'e( s'o%l& sta( o%t o$.

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or*orations as well as !oern)ents 'ae a nat%ral '%)an ten&enc( to clin! to =(ester&a(6s s%ccesses= rat'er t'an seein! w'en t'e( are no lon!er %se$%l.

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He wrote e/tensiel( abo%t Mana4ement 1y o1Cecti!es?

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A co)*an(6s *ri)ar( res*onsibilit( is to sere its c%sto)ers. ProCt is not t'e *ri)ar( !oal.

 

.'ana-(a0t'e *ioneer 'ana-(a 'ana(a is t'e *ro$essor o$ econo)ics an& *olitical science at t'e ancient Ta-s'as'ila niersit(.He was born in 38; b.c an& was an In&ian teac'er" *'iloso*'er" an& ro(al a&isor a&isor.'ana-( .'ana-(a a sere& as t'e c'ie$ a&isor to bot' 'an&ra!%*ta an& 'is son Bin&%sara.'anaBin&%sara.'ana-(a (a is tra&itionall( i&entiCe& as >autilya or ishnu +upta" w'o a%t'ore& t'e ancient In&ian *olitical treatise calle& Arthasastra 7Economics<. He is consi&ere& as t'e *ioneer o$ t'e Cel& o$ econo)ics an& political science in In&ia" an& 'is wor- is t'o%!'t o$ as an i)*ortant *rec%rsor to classical econo)ics.He is wi&el( cre&ite& $or 'ain! *la(e& an i)*ortant role in t'e establis')ent o$ t'e ?a%r(a E)*ire" w'ic' was t'e Crst e)*ire to r%le )ost o$ t'e In&ian s%bcontinent.T'er s%bcontinent.T'ere e are $o%r &istinct ersions o$ c'ana-(a stor( 5   Buddhist !ersion,Cain !ersion,>ashmiri !ersion and !isha/hadatta2s !ersion *6HSHS6*

 T'e Arthashastra &isc%sses )onetar( an& Cscal *olicies" wel$are" internati onal relations" an& war strate!ies . T'e te/t also &escribes t'e &%ties o$ a r%ler.'ana-(a is re!ar&e& as a !reat t'in-er an& &i*lo)at in In&ia.T'e a%t'or o$ t'e Arthashastra re$ers to 'i)sel$ as 6>a%til(a6" w'ile t'e last erse )entions t'e na)e Dis'n%!%*ta.Art'as'astra Dis'n%!%*ta.Art'as'astra e/*lains 'ow in an a%tocrac( an ecient an& soli& econo)( can be )ana!e&.It &isc%sses t'e et'ics o$ econo)ics an& t'e &%ties an& obli!ations o$ a -in!.  Arthashastra is &ii&e& into 1 boo-s5

1. on oncer cernin nin! ! isc isci*l i*line ine +. T'e %ties %ties o o$$ #oe #oern) rn)ent ent S%*eri S%*erinten& nten&ents ents 3. o onc ncer erni nin! n! La Law w 4. T'e Re)o e)oal al o$ T'or T'orns ns

 

. T'e on on&%c &%ctt o$  o%r o%rtie tiers rs 9. T'e So%r So%rce ce o$ o$ S Soer oerei!n ei!n States States @. T'e En& o$ tt'e 'e Si/0K Si/0Kol& ol& Polic( Polic( 8. oncern oncernin! in! Dices Dices a an& n&  ala)it ala)ities ies :. T'e or- o$ a an n Ina& Ina&er er 1;.

Relatin! to ar

11.

T'e on&%ct o$ or*orations

1+.

oncernin! a Power$%l Ene)(

13.

Strate!ic ?eans to a*t%re a Kortress

14. 1.

Secret ?eans T'e Plan o$ a Treatise

ESSENTIAL MALITIES  

>I-+ •

Has sel$0control

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%ltiates t'e intellect b( association wit' el&ers

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>ee*s 'is e(es o*en t'ro%!' s*ies I)*roes 'is own &isci*line b( 7contin%in! 'is< learnin! in all

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branc'es o$ -nowle&!e. •

Is eer actie in *ro)otin! t'e sec%rit( an& wel$are o$ t'e *eo*le

M-+7* •

?%st *ossess to tac-le sit%ations

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Healt'( relation wit' s%*eriors

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 To  To antici*ate t'e sna!s

 

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S'o%l& i)*roe 'is %alities b( en&less learnin!

•

A )ana!er s'o%l& %*-ee* 'is e)*lo(ees.

9. In&ian *'ilant'ro*ies  write abo%t an( In&ian *'iloso*'er @.B'a!aa& #ta an& ?ana!e)ent #ta.. In&ia6s one o$ t'e !reatest contrib%tions to t'e worl& is Hol( #ta  In t'is conte/t t'e B'a!aa& #ita e/*o%n&e& t'o%san&s o$ (ears a!o b( t'e S%*er ?ana!e)ent #%r% Bha4a<an Sri >rishna  enli!'tens %s on all )ana!erial tec'ni%es lea&in! to a 'ar)onio%s an& bliss$%l state o$ aJairs as a!ainst con,icts" tensions" lowest ecienc( an& least *ro&%ctiit(" absence o$ )otiation an& lac- o$ wor- c%lt%re etc co))on to )ost o$ t'e In&ian enter*rises to&a(.  T'e )o&ern )ana!e)ent conce*ts li-e ision" lea&ers'i*" )otiation" e/cellence in wor-" ac'iein! !oals" )eanin! o$ wor-" attit%&e towar&s wor-" nat%re o$ in&ii&%al" &ecision )a-in!" *lannin! etc." are all #ita wit'  wit' a s'ar* insi!'t an& Cnest anal(sis to &isc%sse& in t'e B'a!aa& #ita &rie t'ro%!' o%r con$%se& !re( )atter )a-in! it 'i!'l( eli!ible to beco)e a *art o$ t'e )o&e) )ana!e)ent s(llab%s  ?ana!e)ent 'as beco)e a *art an& *arcel in eer(&a( li$e" be it at 'o)e" oce" $actor(" #oern)ent" or in an( ot'er or!ani2ation w'ere a !ro%* o$ '%)an bein!s asse)ble $or a co))on *%r*ose" )ana!e)ent *rinci*les co)e into *la( t'ro%!' t'eir)ac'iner(" ario%s $acets li-e )ana!e)ent o$ ti)e" reso%rces" *ersonnel" )aterials" Cnance" *lannin!" *riorities" *olicies an& *ractice.  Effectiveness is doing the right things and   Efficiency is doing things right.

 T'e ?ana!er6s $%nctions $%nctions can be brie,( s%))e& s%))e& %* as %n&er 5  Kor)in! a ision an& *lannin! t'e strate!( to realise s%c' ision. %ltiatin! t'e art o$ lea&ers'i*

 

 Establis'in! t'e instit%tional e/cellence an& b%il&in! an innoatie or!anisation.  eelo*in! '%)an reso%rce reso%rces. s.  Tea) b%il&in! an& tea)wor ele!ation" )otiation" an& co))%nication an&  Reiewin! *er$or)ance an& ta-in! correctie ste*s w'eneer calle& $or.  T'%s ?ana!e)ent is a *rocess in searc' o$ e/cellence to ali!n *eo*le an& !et t'e) co))itte& to wor- $or a co))on !oal to t'e )a/i)%) social beneCt.  

Utilisation of Available Resources:

 T'e Crst lesson in t'e )ana!e)ent science is to c'oose wisel( an& %tilise o*ti)all( t'e scarce reso%rces i$ one 'as to s%ccee& in 'is ent%re. %rin! t'e c%rtain raiser be$ore t'e ?a'ab'arata ar ar %r(o&'ana c'ose Sri >ris'na6s lar!e ar)( $or 'is 'el* w'ile Ar%na selecte& Sri >ris'na6s wis&o) $or 'is s%**ort. T'is e*iso&e !ies %s a cl%e as to w'o is an EJectie ?ana!er.  Een %ro(a&'ana 'as !ot t'e )ost *ower$%l *ersons li-e Bhismar  an& ithunar . T'e bi!!est )ista-e 'e &i& was 'e neer tr%st B'is)ar b( co)*lainin! t'at 'e is s%**ortin! Ar%na. Beca%se o$ t'is 'e $aile& to )a-e t'et'at $%llcannot $%ll %se o$ B'is)ar .Ne/t" .Ne /t"t'e Di&'%nar" 'o o 'a& a *ower$%l wea*on be tac-le& b( Ar%na’s ' Tea). B(!ot teasin! Di&'%nar %nnecessaril(" 'e bro-e &own t'at *ower$%l wea*on an& *ro)ise& t'at 'e will not be %sin! t'at in war.  An efective management management should know tthe he capacity capacity,, talents, Eciency o! the people working in the organisation" And the management should be capable o! handling, organising and using them in the right time and in the right place towards the common goal o! the company"

 Attitude towards Work:

 

 T'ree stone0c%tters were en!a!e& in erectin! a te)*le. As %s%al a H.R H.R.. .. ons%ltant as-e& t'e) w'at t'e( were &oin!. T'e res*onse o$ t'e t'ree wor-erss to t'is innocent0loo-in! %estion is ill%)inatin!. wor-er  6I a) a *oor )an. I 'ae to )aintain )( $a)il(. $a)il(. I a) )a-in! a liin! 'ere"6 sai& t'e Crst stone0c%tter wit' a &eecte& $ace.6ell" I wor- beca%se Isecon& want toone s'ow t'at I a) t'e best stone0c%tter t'e co%ntr("6 t'e wit' a sense o$ *ri&e" 6O'" I want toinb%il& t'e )ostsai& bea%ti$%l te)*le in t'e co%ntr("6 sai& t'e t'ir& one wit' a isionar( !lea).  6heir Co1s <ere identical 1ut their perspecti!es <ere diEerent? 0hat +ita tells +ita tells us is to de!elop the !isionary perspecti!e in the <or/ <e do? It tells us to de!elop a sense o$ lar4er !ision in ones <or/ $or the common 4oal o$ the company. Stress Management Through Personnel Ecellence:

Lor& >ris'na’s li$e is $%ll o$ &ic%lties" $%ll o$ *roble)s" lots o$ *ress%re. Kro)tense& t'e ti)e 'e&ic%lt born" 'e was abo%t to loobe -ille&. Nor)all( wein -ee* o%ro$ >rishna spite $ace in a sit%ations. B%t at Lord this much diculties he /ept smilin4 . 6hat is <hy he ad!ised rCuna to 4ht in the 1attle eld please 4ht in the cheer$ul state o$ mind?  In )ost &ic%lt sit%ations to be

c'eer$%l a**ears illo!ical. B%t it !ies t'e stren!t'" t'e italit(" t'e *ower to $ace t'e &ic%lt sit%ations in li$e. It -ee*s %s in a better state t'an a bitter state. #W$ATE%E& TE%E& '()E (S *++D   . B%t Lor& >ris'na #enerall( Peo*le sa(s #W$A #W$ATE%E& TE%E& (S *++D (S '()E" So Ar-una you are .ghting !or  sa(s #W$A darma, !or goodness and !or the noble cause, there!ore be cheer!ul" So cheer!ul"  So that your inner state is not 4oin4 to 1e 1itter 1ut 1etter?

8.ONKIS on$%ci%s lie& in t'e latter *art o$ t'e S*rin! an& A%t%)n Perio&710 4@:B<. on$%ci%s was a *'iloso*' on$%ci%s *'iloso*'er" er" *olitical *olitical t'in-er t'in-er an& e&%cator e&%cator o$ ancient 'ina" w'ose in,%ence is still $elt across t'e worl& 7thics nd @olitics o$ 9on$ucius

 

  O%tline T'e Basis o$ Et'ical T'o%!'t in on$%cianis) Dirt%e Et'ics in on$%cianis) Et'ical Partic%laris)5 t'e #ol&en R%le an& t'e Siler R%le once*tion o$ iil Societ( in on$%cian T'o%!'t E)*'asis T'e )oral teac'in!s o$ on$%ci%s e)*'asi2e&5 Sel$ %ltiation E)%lation o$ ?oral E/e)*lars an& Attain)ent o$ S-ille& %&!)ent t'an t'e >nowle&!e o$ R%les. Beca%se o$ t'ese teac'in!s" on$%ci%s’s et'ics is consi&ere& as a t(*e o$ Dirt%e Et'ics 7)oral a!ent oer r%les< Et'ical Partic%laris) Analects 711.++<5 et'ical teac'in! is ta%!'t accor&in! to t'e nee&s an& abilities o$ &iJerent st%&ents. #ol&en R%le5 One s'o%l& treat ot'ers as one wo%l& li-e ot'ers to treat onesel$.F Siler R%le5 'at (o% &o not wis' $or (o%rsel$" &o not &o to ot'ers.F Alt'o%!' t'ese r%les are %niersal" in &iJerent sit%ations on$%ci%s wo%l& a&ise a *erson to &o &iJerent t'in!s. Hence 'e was a *artic%larist. Politics R%ler5 Sel$0&isci*line #oern b( 'is own e/a)*les are $or 'is s%bects #oo& e)*eror Q Better societ(  I$ (o%r &esire is $or !oo&" t'e *eo*le will be !oo&. T'e )oral c'aracter o$ t'e r%ler is t'e win& t'e )oral c'aracter o$ t'ose beneat' 'i) is t'e !rass. 'en t'e win& blows" t'e !rass ben&s  THE KIDE ONKIS ONKIS LASSIS 

 T'e Boo- o$ 'an!es 'an!es  A te/t %se& %se& $or &iination



  T'e T'e Bo Booo- o$ Hist Histor or( (  A recor ecor& & o$ erb erbal al an an& & or oral al re* e*or orts ts or s*eec'es !ien b( !oern)ent ocials.



Boo- o$ Son!s  A boo- o$ oer 3;; *oe)s" )ostl( $or cere)onies or rit%als" alt'o%!' t'ere were so)e $ol- son!s



. T'e Boo- o$ Rites  A collection o$ r%les $or eer(&a( li$e . T'e S*rin! an& A%t%)n Annals  o))entaries on 'inese eents %* to t'e  t' cent%r( B..E. T'ere was a si/t' classic on )%sic" b%t it no lon!er e/ists



 THO#HT OK ONKIS Ren 7Ben 7Bene eol olen ence ce<< #e #ene nera rall ll( ( )ean )eanss '% '%)a )an0 n0'e 'ear arte te&n &nes ess. s. l lti ti)a )ate te Ko%n&ation o$ on$%cianis)5 t'e essence o$ all irt%es an& t'e !ro%n& o$  '%)an &i!nit(.F &i!nit(.F niersal an& Par Partic%lar tic%lar Pers*ecties5 *ri)ar( *rinci*le o$  '%)an actions in t'e $or)er an& *rinci*le o$ )oral %stiCcation in t'e latter. Ren can be inter*rete& as bot' #ol&en an& Siler R%le5 loin! ot'ers

 

iao 7Clial *iet(< T'e car&inal irt%e o$ t'e on$%cian irt%es. It is an attit%&e o$ res*ect an& concern towar& *arents an& s%*eriors.F 'il&ren s'o%l& s'ow loe" &eotion an& res*ect to t'eir *arents. Ka)il( is t'e trainin! !ro%n& $or t'e &eelo*)ent o$ iao " since all )oral teac'in!s s'o%l& all be Crstl( *ractice& in t'e $a)il(

His P'iloso*'( A *'iloso*'( is a s(ste) o$ i&eas oncerne& wit' worl&l( !oals" es*eciall( 'ow to ens%re social or&er an& !oo& !oern)ent St%&i t%&ie& e& anci ncient ent te/ts /ts to lear earn t'e t'e r%le r%less t'at 'at !%i& %i&e& 'is 'is ancestors. Spread o$ 9on$ucianism 

All re!ions o$ 'ina was in,%ence& b( on$%ci%s.



reate& a er( tra&itional societ(.



on$%cianis) s*rea& to >orea" Dietna) an& a*an.

:.or*orate Social Res*onsibilit( Res*onsibilit( S*eciCcall(" we see SR as t'e ol%ntar( actions t'at b%siness can ta-e" oer an& aboe co)*liance wit' )ini)%) le!al re%ir re%ire)ents" e)ents" to a&&ress bot' its own co)*etitie interests an& t'e interests o$ wi&er societ(.F 0hy 9S*G 9onsumers  in!estors: !rowin! e/*ectation $or or!anisations or!anisations to

be'ae res*onsibl( res*onsibl( 9onsumer a<areness: #reen’ an& Et'ical’ cons%)eris) Le4islation: HS" EPA" S%stainabilit(" o&es o$ Practice +lo1alisation: A&o*tion o$ Best Practice’" ons%)er  Le!al Acce*tance

Business ad!anta4es o$ 9S*: Business De!elopment  

New )ar-ets" *ro&%cts an& serices

 

*esources Mana4ement  

Better )ana!e)ent an& conseration o$ strate!ic assets

Sta/eholder Sta/eho lder Mana4ement  

Better internal an& e/ternal relations'i*s

 

Kree&o) o$ o*eration5 re&%ce !oern)ent" *%blic" N#O interention in or!anisation

0hy not 9S*G  

?a( ta-e )ana!e)ent $oc%s awa( $ro) core b%siness actiit(

 

?a( a**ear cos)etic  wit'o%t !en%ine social beneCt

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?a( )a-e or!anisation )ore )ore %lnerable to reelation o$ ba& G %net'ical b%siness *ractice

 

A restriction to $ree tra&eU

7conomist, Milton Friedman says

 T'e social res*onsibilit( res*onsibilit( o$ b%siness is to increase its *r *roCts. oCts. in a $ree societ( t'ere is one an& onl( one social res*onsibilit( res*onsibilit( o$ b%siness  to %se its reso%rces an& en!a!e in actiities &esi!ne& to increase its *roCts so lon! as it sta(s wit'in t'e r%les o$ t'e !a)e" w'ic' is to sa(" en!a!es in o*en an& $ree co)*etition wit'o%t &ece*tion or $ra%&.= 6he $our components o$ 9S*:  

Econo)ic

   

Le!al Et'ical

 

iscretionar(

*eportin4 9S*:

SR *roects )a( be a&)inistere& an& co))%nicate ac'iee)ents ia5      

A &e&icate& SR section or &e*art)ent  T'e HR &e*art)ent &e*art)ent B%siness &eelo*)ent section

 

 

P%blic Relations &e*art)ent

 

irectl( ia EO an& G or Boar& o$ irectors

1;.#LOBALIVATION  T'e ten&enc( o$ inest)ent inest)ent $%n&s an& b%sinesse b%sinessess to )oe be(on& &o)estic an& national )ar-ets to ot'er )ar-ets aro%n& t'e !lobe" t'ereb( increasin! t'e interconnecte& interconnecte&ness ness o$ &iJerent )ar-ets. #lobali2ation 'as 'a& t'e eJect o$ )ar-e&l( increasin! not onl( international tra&e" b%t also c%lt%ral e/c'an!e. IT IS THE AARENESS OK ?OERNITW ITSELK AS A ASE THAT NEES AN OR#ANIVE EKENE"A PBLI IENTW IN LTRAL EBATE .

11.HENRW LARENE #ANTT Henr( #antt 7189101:1:< was born into a $a)il( o$ *ros*ero%s $ar)ers in ?ar(lan& in 1891. 1891. He !ra&%ate& $ro) o' o'ns ns Ho*-ins o olle!e lle!e an& %ali$(in! as a )ec'anical en!ineer. +antts contri1ution:

#antt is o$ten seen as a &isci*le o$ Ta(lor an& a *ro)oter o$ t'e scientiCc sc'ool o$ )ana!e)ent. In 'is earl( career" t'e in,%ence o$ Ta(lor 0 an& #antt6s a*tit%&e $or *roble)0solin! 0 res%lte& in atte)*ts to a&&ress t'e tec'nical *roble)s o$ scientiCc )ana!e)ent.Li-e Ta(lor" #antt beliee& t'at it was onl( t'e a**lication o$ scientiCc anal(sis to eer( as*ect o$ wor- w'ic' co%l& *ro&%ce in&%strial ecienc(" an& t'at i)*roe)ents in )ana!e)ent ca)e $ro) eli)inatin! c'ance an& acci&ents . =? 6he tas/ and 1on 1onus us sys system: tem:

#antt6s Tas- an& Bon%s wa!e s(ste) was intro&%ce& in 1:;1 as a ariation on Ta(lor6s &iJerential *iece0rate s(ste). it' #antt6s s(ste)" t'e e)*lo(ee receie& a bon%s in a&&ition to 'is re!%lar &a( rate i$ 'e acco)*lis'e& t'e tas- $or t'e &a( 'e wo%l& still receie t'e &a( rate een i$ t'e tas- was not co)*lete&. As a res%lt o$ intro&%cin! #antt6s s(ste)" w'ic' enable& wor-ers to earn a liin! w'ile learnin! to increase t'eir ecienc(" *ro&%ction o$ten )or )ore e t'an &o%ble&. 8? 6he 6 he perspecti! perspecti!e e o$ the <or/er:

#antt realise& 'is s(ste)He oJere& little incentie to &o t'an %st )eet t'at t'e stan&ar&. s%bse%entl( )o&iCe& it to)ore *a(

 

accor&in! to ti)e allowe&" *l%s a *ercenta!e o$ t'at ti)e i$ t'e taswere co)*lete& in t'at ti)e or less. Hence a worwor-er er co%l& receie t'ree 'o%rs *a( $or &oin! a two0'o%r ob in two 'o%rs or less. B%t 'ere #antt bro%!'t in an innoation" b( *a(in! t'e $ore)an a bon%s i$ all t'e wor-ers )et t'e re%ire& stan&ar& stan&ar&.. T'is constit%te& one o$ t'e earliest recor&e& atte)*ts to rewar& t'e $ore)an $or teac'in! wor-ers to i)*roe t'e wa( t'e( wor-e&. In or-" a!es an& ProCts #antt wrote5#antt was intereste& intereste& in an as*ect o$ in&%strial e&%cation w'ic' 'e calle& t'e 6'abits o$ in&%str(6 3? 6he cha chart: rt:

1<establis'in! t'e ter)s o$ re$erence an& stan&ar&s o$ %alit(" cost an& ti)e +< in$or)in! all a**ro*riate *ersonnel an& c%sto)ers 3< arran!in! alternatie acco))o&ation 4< *re*arin! t'e oce < re&ecoratin!.  6he social responsi1ility o$ 1usiness:

A$ter t'e &eat' o$ Ta(lor in 1:1@" #antt see)e& to &istance 'i)sel$ $%rt'er $ro) t'e core *rinci*les o$ scientiCc )ana!e)ent an& e/ten&e& 'is )ana!e)ent interests interests to t'e $%nction o$ lea&ers'i* an& t'e role o$ t'e Cr) itsel$  In Or!ani2in! $or or-" 'e ar!%e& t'at t'ere was a con,ict between *roCts an& serice #antt was '%!el( in,%ence& b( t'e eents in R%ssia in 1:1@ an&" in $ear t'at bi! b%siness was sacriCcin! serice to *roCt" 'e be!an to attac- t'e *roCt s(ste) itsel$" callin! $or *%blic serice cor*orations to ens%re serice to t'e co))%nit(

1+. STOIIS? 5 

Stoicism is a sc'ool o$ Hellenistic *'iloso*'(.



 It was $o%n&e& in At'ens b( Veno o$ iti%) in t'e earl( 3r& cent%r( B.



  It was one o$ t'e )ost i)*ortant an& en&%rin! en&%rin! *'iloso*'ies to e)er!e $ro) t'e #ree- an& Ro)an worl&.



  T'e ter) Stoicis)F Stoicis)F &eries $ro) tt'e 'e !ree- wor& wor& stoaF re$er re$errin! rin! to a collona&e.

 



  It teac'es sel$0control sel$0control an& &etac')ent &etac')ent $ro) &istractin! e)otions" so)eti)es inter*rete& as an in&iJerence to *leas%re or *ain.

Stoicis) also teac'es *s(c'olo!ical in&e*en&ence $ro) $ ro) societ(" re!ar re!ar&in! &in! it as an %nr%l( an& o$ten %nrea %nreasonable sonable entit( VENO OK ITI? 5 

Veno o$ iti%) is t'e $o%n&er o$ Stoic *'iloso*'(. Born on (*r%s in 33 B.



  He was t'e son o$ a )erc'ant na)e& ?naseas an& went to At'ens in 313 B.. w'ere 'e receie& 'is e&%cation. He st%&ie& %n&er rates o$ T'ebes 7t'e (nic<" enocrates an& Pole)on.

  Veno’s $ollowers beca)e beca)e -nown as Stoics in re$erence re$erence to t'e sto stoa a *oi-ile or *ainte& *orc'F t'at 'e lect%re& $ro) 

Veno was $ollowe& b( leant'es" an& t'en b( 'r(si**%s" as lea&ers o$ t'e sc'ool.

w'ere t'e )ost t'o%!'t$%l writers" s%c' as ?arc%s A%reli%s" A%reli%s" Seneca" an& E*ictet%s" co%nte& t'e)seles a)on! its $ollowers HISTORW 5 

  Earl( stoa" $ro) t'e $o%n&in! o$ t'e sc'ool b( Veno to Anti*ater.



?i&&le Stoa" incl%&in! Panaeti%s an& Posi&oni%s.



Late Stoa" incl%&in! ?%soni%s R%$%s" Seneca" E*ictet%s" an& ?arc%s A%reli%s

STOA LO#I5    Stoics $ollow t'e t'e lo!ic o$ Arist Aristotle otle wit' a )i/ o$ a clai) t'at t'at t'e )in&" a blan- slate" is Clle& wit' t'e in*%t $ro) o%r Ce senses. 

 O%r )in&s *rocess t'is in*%t an& t'is in*%t is calle& -nowle&!e.  T'en a&& a &as' t'at tr%t' tr%t' is solel( &erie& $r $ro) o) $eelin!s 7*assion 7*assion"" &esire" etcX< an& t'ose $eelin!s twist t'e tr%t'.

135 B%siness et'ics Business ethics 7also cor*orate et'ics < is a $or) o$ a**lie&

et'ics or et'ics  or *ro$ession *ro$essional al et'ics et'ics t'at  t'at e/a)ines et'ical *rinci*les an& )oral or et'ical *roble)s t'at arise in a b%siness eniron)ent. It a**lies to all

 

as*ects o$ b%siness con&%ct an& is releant to t'e con&%ct o$ in&ii&%als an& entire or!ani2ations or!ani2ations.. Histor(5  T'e ter) 6b%siness 6b%siness et'ics6 ca)e into co))on co))on %se in t'e nite& States States in t'e earl( 1:@;s. B( t'e )i&01:8;s" at least ;; co%rses in b%siness et'ics reac'e& 4;";;; st%&ents" %sin! so)e twent( te/tboo-s an& at least ten caseboo-s alon! s%**orte& b( *ro$essional societies" centers an& o%rnals o$ b%siness et'ics Oeriew5 b%siness"" one o$ w'ose ai)s is B%siness et'ics re,ects t'e *'iloso*'( o$ b%siness to &eter)ine t'e $%n&a)ental *%r*oses o$ a co)*an(. I$ a co)*an(6s *%r*ose is to )a/i)i2e s'are'ol&er ret%rns" ret%rns" t'en sacriCcin! *roCts to ot'er concerns is a iolation o$ its C&%ciar( res*onsibilit( res*onsibilit(.. or*orate entities are le!all( consi&ere& as *ersons in SA an& in )ost nations. T'e 6cor*orate *ersons6 are le!all( entitle& to t'e ri!'ts an& liabilities &%e to citi2ens as *ersons. Et'ical iss%es incl%&e t'e ri!'ts an& &%ties between a co)*an( an& nei!'bors"" its e)*lo(ees" s%**liers" c%sto)ers an& nei!'bors its C&%ciar( C&%ciar( res*onsibilit(  res*onsibilit( to its s'are'ol&ers s'are'ol&ers.. Iss%es concernin! relations between &iJerent co)*anies incl%&e 'ostile ta-e0oers ta-e0oers an&  an& in&%strial es*iona!e.. Relate& iss%es incl%&e cor*orate !oernance es*iona!e !oernancecor*orate social entre*rene%rs'i* *olitical contrib%tions entre*rene%rs'i* contrib%tions le!al iss%es s%c' as t'e et'ical )ansla%!'ter an& t'e &ebate oer intro&%cin! a cri)e o$ cor*orate )ansla%!'ter )ar-etin! )ar-etin ! o$ cor*orations6 et'ics *olicies

14. ean0Pa%l Sartre Sartre" t'e Kat'er o$ E/istentialis)5 •

E/istentialis)0A *'iloso*'( *'iloso*'( t'at e)*'asi2es t'e %ni%eness an& isolation o$ t'e in&ii&%al e/*erience in a 'ostile or in&iJerent %nierse" re!ar&s '%)an e/istence as %ne/*lainable" an& stresse stressess $ree&o) o$ c'oice an& res*onsibilit( res*onsibilit( $or t'e conse%ences o$ one6s acts.

•

Sartre6s intro&%ction intro&%ction to 'is *'iloso*'( is 'is wor- Existentialism is a Humanism 71:49<.

 

•

Sartre Cn&s t'e essence o$ '%)an e/istence in $ree&o) Y in t'e &%t( o$ sel$0&eter)ination sel$0&eter)ination an& t'e $ree&o) o$ c'oice Y an& t'ere$ore t'ere$or e s*en&s )%c' ti)e &escribin! t'e '%)an ten&enc( towar& =ba& $ait'"= re,ecte& in '%)anit(6s *ererse atte)*ts to &en( its own res*onsibilit( an& ,ee $ro) t'e tr%t' o$ its inesca*able $ree&o).

?ar/is)5 •

Besi&es e/istentialis) writin!s" Sartre also wrote abo%t ?ar/is).

•

?ar/is)0t'e ?ar/is)0 t'e s(nt'esis o$ *'iloso*'( an& *olitical action.

An( *olitical *ractice or t'eor( t'at is base& on an inter*retation o$ t'e wor-s o$ ?ar/ an& En!els )a( be ter)e& ?ar/is) Bio!ra*'(5 • • •

 ean Pa%l Pa%l Sartre was born in Paris Paris on %ne +1" 1:;. He was a &ra)atist an& screenwriter" noelist an& critic. Sartre entere& t'e Zcole Nor)ale S%*[rie%re in 1:+4 receie& Crst *lace in t'e agrégation o$ *'iloso*'( in 1:+:.

•

His Crst noel" Nausea 71:38<" narrates t'e $eelin! o$ re%lsion t'at a (o%n! )an e/*eriences w'en con$ronte& wit' t'e contin!enc( o$ e/istence.

•

In Being and Nothingness 71:43<" 'e *laces '%)an conscio%sness in o**osition to bein! conscio%sness is non)atter an& t'%s esca*es all &eter)inis).

•

Besi&es t'e obio%s i)*act " Sartre6s literat%re was t'e The Roadso$toNausea Freedom  trilo!()aor w'ic'contrib%tion c'arts t'e to *ro!ression o$ 'ow orl& ar II aJecte& Sartre6s i&eas. In t'is wa(" Roads to Freedom *resents a less t'eoretical an& )ore *ractical a**roac' to e/istentialis).

•

Sartre was awar&e& t'e Nobel Pri2e $or Literat%r Literat%re e in 1:94" b%t 'e &ecline& it.

•

He re$%se& t'e Le!ion o$ Honor awar&e& 'i) b( t'e !oern)ent.

1.ONTRIBTION OK OHN RALS5

 

 o'n Rawls was was born in K Kebr%ar( ebr%ar( +1 1:+1. 'e s an A)erican *'iloso*'er *'iloso*'er an& a )ain contrib%tor in )oral an& *olitical *'iloso*'(.  T'eor( o$ %stice" Rawls In A T'eor( Rawls &e$en&s a conce*tio conce*tion n o$ %stices as $airness.F in tat boo- at 1:@1.'is )ain ai) was t'e $o%r roles o$ *olitical *'iloso*'(.

 T'e two *rinci*les w'ic' 'e &eCne& &eCne& in %stices as $air $airness ness is also *la(e& )aor Role in 'is $o%n&ation. an& t'e law $or All *eo*les" w'ic' are seen below brie,( .His K%ll na)e was o'n bor&le( Rawls Four roles o$ political philosophy:

Practical5  T'e Crst role role is *ractical5 *olitical *'iloso* *'iloso*'( '( can &iscoer bases $or reasone& a!ree)ent a!ree)ent in a societ( w'ere s'ar* &iisions t'reaten to lea& to con,ict

Orientation5 A secon& role o$ *olitical *'iloso*'( is to 'el* citi2ens to orient t'e)seles wit'in t'eir own social worl&. P'iloso*'( can &escribe w'at it is to be a )e)ber o$ a societ( wit' a certain *olitical stat%s Reconciliation5 A t'ir& role o$ *olitical *'iloso*'( is reconciliation to cal) o%r $r%stration an& ra!e a!ainst o%r societ( an& its 'istor( b( s'owin! %s t'e wa( in w'ic' its are rational an& &eelo*e& oer ti)e to*ianis)5 A t'ir& role is to *robe t'e li)its o$ *racticable *olitical *ossibilit(.. Political *'iloso*'( )%st &escribe wor-able *olitical *ossibilit( arran!e)entss t'at can !ain s%**ort $ro) real *eo*le. arran!e)ent 

Rawls constr%cts %stice as $airness aro%n& s*eciCc inter*retations o$ t'e &eCnin! liberal i&eas t'at citi2ens are $ree an& e%al an& t'at societ( s'o%l& be $air. He 'ol&s t'at %stice as $airness is t'e )ost e!alitarian" an& also t'e )ost *la%sible" inter*retation o$ liberalis)6s $%n&a)ental conce*ts.



Rawls sees %stice as $airness as answerin! to t'e &e)an&s o$ bot' $ree&o) an& e%alit(

 



 %stice as $airness $airness ai)s to &escribe a %st %st arran!e)ent o$ t'e )aor *olitical an& social instit%tions o$ a liberal societ(

9)-97@6I)- )F 9I6I.7-:

In or&er to s%re( t'e citi2en Rawls intro&%ce& so)e *ri)ar( !oo&s w'ic' is er( %se$%ll( $or t'e t'eir $ree an& *ower $or t'e) 'ence 'e &eCne& t'e *ri)ar( !oo&s s'own below  

  

 T'e basic ri!'ts an& liberties liberties Kree&o) o$ )oe)ent" an& $ree c'oice a)on! a wi&e ran!e o$ occ%*ations  T'e *owers o$ oces an& *ositions o$ res*onsibilit( res*onsibilit( Inco)e an& wealt'  T'e social bases o$ sel$0res*ect sel$0res*ect

195 I))an%el >ant5 Immanuel >ant 7 ++ A*ril 1@+4  1+ Kebr%ar( Kebr%ar( 18;4 < was

a #er)an *'iloso*'er w'o is wi&el( consi&ere& to be a central C!%re o$ )o&ern *'iloso*'(. He ar!%e& t'at '%)an conce*ts an& cate!ories str%ct%re str%ct%r e o%r iew o$ t'e worl& an& its laws" an& t'at reason is t'e so%rce o$ )oralit(. His t'o%!'t contin%es to 'ol& a )aor in,%ence in conte)*orar( t'o%!'t" es*eciall( in Cel&s s%c'*'iloso*'(" an& aest'etics. as )eta*'(sics" e*iste)olo!(" et'ics" *olitical Metaphysics:

?eta*'(sics is a tra&itional branc' o$ *'iloso*'( concerne& wit' e/*lainin! t'e $%n&a)ental nat%re o$ bein! an& t'e worl& t'at enco)*asses it" alt'o%!' t'e ter) is not easil( &eCne&. Tra&itionall(" )eta*'(sics atte)*ts to answer two basic %estions in t'e broa&est *ossible ter)s5 1.'at is %lti)atel( t'ereU +.'at is it li-eU 7pistemolo4y:

 

E*iste)olo!( is t'e branc' o$ *'iloso*'( concerne& wit' t'e nat%re an& sco*e o$ -nowle&!e an& is also re$er re$erre& re& to as =t'eor( o$ -nowle&!e=. It %estions w'at -nowle&!e is an& 'ow it can be ac%ire&" an& t'e e/tent to w'ic' -nowle&!e *ertinent to an( !ien s%bect or entit( can be ac%ire&. @olitical @hilosophy: @olitical philosophy is t'e st%&( o$ s%c' to*ics

as *olitics" libert(" %stice" *ro*ert(" ri!'ts" law" an& t'e en$orce)ent o$ a le!al co&e b( a%t'orit( a%t'orit(55 w'at t'e( are" w'( 7or een i$< t'e( are nee&e&" w'at" i$ an(t'in!" )a-es a !oern)ent le!iti)ate" w'at ri!'ts an& $ree&o)s it s'o%l& *rotect an& w'(" w'at $or) it s'o%l& ta-e an& w'(" w'at t'e law is" an& w'at &%ties citi2ens owe to a le!iti)ate !oern)ent !oern)ent"" i$ an(" an& w'en it )a( be le!iti)atel( oert'rown" i$ eer. In s'ort" *olitical *'iloso*'( is t'e actiit(" as wit' all *'iloso*'(" w'ereb( t'e conce*t%al a**arat%s be'in& s%c' conce*ts as a$ore)entione& are anal(2e&" in t'eir 'istor(" intent" eol%tion an& t'e li-e. li -e. esthetics:   esthetics 7also s*elle& \st'etics< is a branc' o$ *'iloso*'( &ealin!

wit' t'e nat%re o$ art" bea%t(" an& taste" wit' t'e creation an& a**reciation o$ bea%t(. bea%t(. It is )ore scientiCcall( &eCne& as t'e st%&( o$ sensor( or sensori0e)otional al%es" so)eti)es calle& %&!)ents o$ senti)ent an& taste. ?ore broa&l(" sc'olars in t'e Cel& &eCne aest'etics as =critical re,ection on art" c%lt%re an& nat%re. 7thics:   7thics" also -nown as moral philosophy" is a branc'

o$ *'iloso*'( t'at inoles s(ste)ati2in!" &e$en&in! an& reco))en&in!   conce*ts o$ ri!'t an& wron! con&%ct. T'e ter) co)es $ro) $ro) t'e #ree#reewor& et'os" w'ic' )eans =c'aracter=. Et'ics is a co)*le)ent to Aest'etics in t'e *'iloso*'( Cel& o$ A/iolo!(. In *'iloso*'(" et'ics st%&ies t'e )oral be'aior in '%)ans an& 'ow one s'o%l& act. How an ?ana!ers ?a-e Et'ical ecisionsU 1. Hire Hire an& *ro)ote *ro)ote *eo*le *eo*le wit' a well !ro%n& !ro%n&e& e& sense o$ *ersona *ersonall et'ics +. B%il& an or!ani2 or!ani2ation ational al c%lt%re c%lt%re t'at *laces a 'i! 'i!' ' al%e on et'i et'ical cal be'aior

 

3. ?a-e s%re tt'at 'at lea&ers wit'in t'e b%siness ar artic%late tic%late t'e r'etoric o o$$ et'ical be'aior an& act in a )anner t'at is consistent wit' t'at r'etoric 4. P%t &ecision &ecision )a-in! )a-in! *rocess *rocesses es in *lace t'at rre%ir e%ire e *eo*le to consi&er t'e et'ical &i)ensions o$ b%siness &ecisions

[email protected]ERS ARE BORN OR ?AE5 Lea&ers'i* is a to* *riorit( in to&a(6s or!ani2ations" 'i!'l( al%e& $or its *ower to ins*ire ac'iee)ent an& translate ision into res%lts. A $a)o%s %ote 'ol&s t'at =lea&ers are not born" t'e(6re )a&e"= an& t'at is t'e basis o$ t'is *a*er. *a*er. Lea&ers'i* &eelo*)ent" e&%cation an& trainin! are a)on! t'e )ost critical areas w'ere w'ere or!ani2ations can )a-e contrib%tions to )a/i)i2e t'e al%e o$ t'eir '%)an assets. Lea&ers are )a&e" t'e( are not born. T'e( are )a&e b( 'ar& eJort" w'ic' is t'e *rice w'ic' all o$ %s )%st *a( to ac'iee an( !oal t'at is wort'w'ile 7Lo)bar&i" 7Lo)bar &i" +;;:<. T'is state)ent b( Dince Lo)bar&i" 'all $a)e $ootball coac' $or two NKL tea)s" t'e #reen Ba( Pac-ers an& t'e New Wor- #iants" s*ar-s an interestin! &isc%ssion a)on! coac'es sc'olars an& b%siness lea&ers. An eJectie lea&er is one w'o *ossesses bot' t'e innate talents o$ one w'o will s%*erise wit' in,%ence in ,%ence oer ot'ers an& t'e learne& s-ills t'at co)e wit' e&%cation" trainin! an& e/*erience. 1.It ta-es tea)wor- to win an& + .bein! a lea&er is 'el*in! tea) )e)bers to leels t'e( co%l& not ac'iee on t'eir own. In to&a(6s worl&" w'ere t'in!s are c'an!in! at a ra*i& *ace" t'ose w'o can internali2e t'e lessons aro%n& t'e)" w'o can enision t'e i)*ortance o$ t'ose insi!'ts on t'eir en&eeo%rs" an& w'o can )otiate an& in,%ence ot'ers to act on t'ose insi!'ts" are t'e best lea&ers $or to&a(s )o&ern ti)es So)e e/*erts s%!!est t'at lea&ers are born wit' innate %alities t'at *re*are t'e) to be lea&ers" w'ile ot'ers s%!!est t'at a lea&er is not &e*en& &e* en&ent ent on in'erent in'erent %aliti %alities es 7S*ence 7S*ence"" +;;3<. +;;3<. T' T'is is nee& not be a &eba &e bate te.. Le Lea& a&er erss ar are e bo borrn an an& & )a )a&e &e.. at atc' c'in in! ! *r *res esc' c'oo oole lers rs on t' t'e e *la(!ro%n& oJers ei&ence t'at t'ere are in&ee& born lea&ers. Howeer" we i!nore t'elea&ers'i* $act t'at so)e o$ o%r nations &i& cannot not &e)onstrate %alities %ntil later in)ost li$e. eJectie lea&ers

 

Beca%se lea&ers'i* is so i)*ortant to o%r $%t%re an& 'ow t'e( can &e)ons &e) onstra trate te t' t'at at t'e t'e( ( ar are e sel sel$$ )a& )a&e. e. As $or $or)er )er Pr Presi esi&en &entt wi wi!'t !'t . Eisen'ower once sai&" =T'e one %alit( t'at can &eelo* b( st%&io%s re,ection an& *ractice is t'e lea&ers'i* o$ )en.= T'is *a*er ar!%es t'at s%cc s% cces ess$ s$%l %l le lea& a&er ers' s'i* i* is at atta tain inab able le"" an an& & t' t'at at at atta tain in)e )ent nt in ino ol les es a beneCcial *rocess o$ inner !rowt'. ALI6I7S )F L7D7*:

1. Strate!ic t'in-er +. Abilit( to e)*ower ot'ers 3. Initiatie 4. Strate!( $or)%lation an& i)*le)entation . Positie )ental attit%&e 9. Disionar( @. Enco%ra!in! '%)an *otential 8. illin!ness to c'an!e :. Abilit( to 'an&le con,ict 1;. EJectie co))%nicator 11. S-ille&to?otiator 1+ Abilit( ins*ire tr%st 13. Abilit( to !ain co))it)ent

18.  Biblical Derses5 18. lassiCcations o$ ?ana!e)ent  Plannin! an& strate!(  Lea&ers'i*  o))%nication  ontrollin!  ?otiation  Tea) wor  Tea)  H%)an reso%rce )ana!e)ent  iersit(  Or!ani2in!

1:.   ?IHEAL PORTER5 1:. Michael 7u4ene @orter 7a!e 99<was born in nite& States on ?a( +3"

1:4@.. A$t 1:4@ $ter er in init itia iall ll( ( !r !ra& a&%a %ati tin! n! in ae aerron ona% a%ti tica call en en!i !ine neer erin in!" !" Por orte terr ac'iee& an econo)ics &octorate. @)*67*2S FI7 F)*97S 9)-97@6:

Porter6s Crst boo- o)*etitie Strate!( 71:8;<" w'ic' 'e wrote in 'is t'eories" an& is consi&ere& b( )an( to be &eCnitie wor- on cor*orate strate!(. T'e boo- 'as been *%blis'e& in 1: lan!%a!es an& re0*rinte&

 

a**roac'in! si/t( ti)es. It c'an!e& t'e wa( b%siness lea&er’s t'o%!'t an& re)ains a !%i&e o$ c'oice $or strate!ic )ana!ers oer t'e worl&. EISTIN# O?PETITIDE RIDALRW IN THE INSTRW   THREA  THREAT T OK NE ?AR>ET ?AR>ET ENTRANTS ENTRANTS  BAR#AININ# POER OK BWERS  POERS OK SPPLIERS   THREA  THREAT T OK SBSTITTE SBSTITTE PROTS 

7JIS6I-+ 9)M@76I6I7 *IL* I- I-DAS6*:

O?PETITIDE RIDALRW IS A #OO STARTIN# POINT TO HEN ANALWVIN# A PARTILA ARTILAR R INSTRW IN STRW. IK ENTRW TO AN INSTRW IS EASW THE THEN N O?PETITIDE RIDALRW IS LI>ELW TO BE HI#H. IK IT IS EASW KOR STO?ERS TO ?ODE TO SBSTITTE PROTS KOR EA?PLE KRO? O>E TO A ATER TER THEN A#AIN RIDALRW ILL BE HI#H. #ENERALL #ENE RALLW W O?PETITIDE RIDALRW ILL BE HI#H IK5 ] THERE IS LITTLE IKKERENTIATION BETEEN THE PROTS SOL BW O?PETITORS. ] O?PETITORS ARE APPROI?ATELW THE SA?E SIVE OK EAH OTHER. ] IK O?PETITORS HADE SI?ILAR STRATE#IES. ] IT IS OSTLW TO LEADE THE INSTRW 7EIT BARRIERS< B*+I-I-+ @)07* )F BA7*S:

BWERS OR STO?ERS AN EERT INKLENE AN ONTROL ODER AN INSTRW IN ERTAIN IR?STANES. THIS HAPPENS HEN5 ] THERE IS LITTLE IKKERENTIATION ODER THE PROT AN SBSTITTES AN BE KON EASILW BW STO?ERSGBWERS. ] BWERSGSTO?ERS ARE SENSITIDE TO PRIE KLTATIONS. ] SITHIN# TO ANOTHER PROT IS NOT OSTLW KOR STO?ERSGBWERS @)07*S )F SA@@LI7*S:

SPPLIERS ARE ALSO ESSENTIAL KOR THE SESS OK AN OR#ANIVATION AS THEW PRODIE BSINESSES ITH THE RESORES THEW NEE TO PROE THEIR PROTS AN SERDIES. SPPLIER POER AN O?E KRO?5 ] IK THERE IS ONE OR ST A KE SPPLIERS THAT AN PRODIE THE RESORES A BSINESS NEES. ] IK IT IS EPENSIDE TO ?ODE KRO? ONE SPPLIER TO ANOTHER 7>NON ALSO AS SITHIN# OST< ] IK THERE IS NO OTHER SBSTITTE KOR THE PROT PRODIE BW  THE SPPLIER. SPPLIER. 6H*7 6H*76 6 )F -70 M*>76 7-6*-6S:

 

 THE THREAT THREAT OK NE OR#ANIV OR#ANIVA ATIONS ENTERIN# TH THE E INSTR INSTRW W IS HI#H HEN IT IS EASW KOR AN OR#ANISATION TO ENTER THE INSTRW I.E. ENTRW BARRIERS ARE LO. HEN A NE BSINESS IS EIIN# HETHER TO ENTER AN INSTRW IT ILL LOO> AT5 HO STO?ERS ARE REATIN# TO EISTIN# PROTS" HO MI>LW IT AN AHIEDE EONO?W OK SALES OL IT HADE AESS TO SPPLIERS AN OL #ODERN?ENT LE#ISLATION PREDENT THE? OR ENORA#E  THE? TO ENTER THE THE INSTRW INSTRW. 6H*76 6H*7 6 )F SABS6I6A67 @*)DA96S:

 THE THREAT THREAT KRO? SB SBSTITTE STITTE PROTS IS HI#H HEN5 ] THE PRIE OK THE SBSTITTE PROT KALLS. ] IT IS EASW KOR ONS?ERS TO SITH KRO? ONE SBSTITTE PROT TO ANOTHER. ] BWERS ARE ILLIN# TO SBSTITTE PROTS KRO? IKKERENT O?PETITORS

+;.oi)batore +;.oi)bator e >ris'narao 7>< Pra'ala&5

INTRODUCTION C K . PRAHALAD Prahalad was the ninth of eleven children born in 1941 in to a Kannada speain! fa"il# in Coi"batore$ %a"il &ad'. His father was a well(nown )ansrit scholar and *'d!e in Chennai +n +ndia$ the word ,!'r', is not 'sed in a cavalier fashion. +t denotes certain level of wisdo"$ achieve"ent and respect !iven b# the disciples. %he title sits li!htl# on those who are worth# of it -ro" that point Coi"batore Krishnarao Prahalad can be called a !'r'. !'r'. His tho'!ht tho'!ht process !ot for"'lated for"'lated b# observin! observin! b'sinesses b'sinesses in action and his ideas th's for"'lated altered "an# b'sinesses.

ACADEMIC He was a !rad'ate in Ph#sics fro" Lo#ola Colle!e(Chennai. He did his "asters fro" ++A and his D/A fro" Harvard in 190 Post!rad'ate Diplo"a in /'siness Ad"inistration fro" the +ndian +nstit'te +nstit'te of ana!e"ent Ah"edabad Ah"edabad in 1922 At Harvard /'siness )chool$ Prahalad wrote a doctoral thesis on "'ltinational "ana!e"ent in *'st two and a half #ears$ !rad'atin! with a D./.A. de!ree in 190.

 

AS A TEACHER  He wored as a "ana!er in a branch of the 3nion Carbide batter# co"pan#.   He has ta'!ht in +ndia and A"erica$ event'all# *oinin! the fac'lt# of the 3niversit# of  ichi!an,s /'siness )chool worin! with a wide cross(section of co"panies fro" the C5s of the top 67 -ort'ne 877 fir"s to Hind'stan Lever Li"ited and icrosoft Corporation$ +ndia.

HIS FAMOUS BOOKS •  

The Core Competence of the Corporation The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid

The Core The  Core Competence  Competence of the Corporation

1. +t is not not eas# for co"peti co"petitors tors to i"itate. i"itate. 8. +t can be re'sed re'sed widel# widel# for "an# "an# prod'cts prod'cts and and "arets. "arets. 6. +t "'st contrib't contrib'tee to the end cons'"er, cons'"er,ss eperienced eperienced benefits benefits and the val'e val'e of the  prod'ct or service to its c'sto"ers. Core co"petencies are partic'lar stren!ths relative to other or!ani:ations in the ind'str#$ which provide the f'nda"ental basis for the provision of added val'e. Core co"petencies reflect the collective learnin! of an or!ani:ation and involve coordinatin! diverse prod'ction sills and inte!ratin! "'ltiple strea"s of technolo!ies. +t incl'des co""'nication$ involve"ent and a deep co""it"ent to worin! across or!ani:ational bo'ndaries . -ew co"panies are liel# to b'ild world leadership in "ore than five or si f'nda"ental co"petencies. MAIN IDEA

 

Ret'in-in! t'e or*oration  T'e Roots o$ o)*etitie A&anta!e



How Not to T'in- o$ o)*etence



I&enti$(in! ore o)*etencies  An& Losin! T'e)



Kro) ore o)*etencies to ore Pro&%cts



 T'e T(rann( T(rann( o$ t'e SB



eelo*in! Strate!ic Arc'itect%re



Re&e*lo(in! to E/*loit o)*etencies

 

THOUGHTS %wo of his "a*or ideas; core co"petencies of the or!ani:ation Levera!in! on the or!ani:ation %his idea is looin! at poor as so'rce of profit than an ob*ect of charit#. He t'rned the entire idea on its head and s'!!ested the need for corporations to foc's on their  "ain stren!th or core co"petencies. Prahalad has been a"on! top ten "ana!e"ent thiners in ever# "a*or s'rve# for over ten #ears. #ears . Prahalad Prahal ad ar!'es ar!'es that that co"pan co"panies ies have have not "ade eno'!h eno'!h 'se of the opport opport'ni 'nitie tiess  provided b# !lobali:ation .%he second factor is the advent of di!ital technolo!ies$ which  provide a different wa# to connect poor people with the rich. -or ea"ple; Cavincare of  Chennai was alread# into sachet sha"poos and vario's brands of pan "asala in po'ches were  bi! "aret s'ccess. %he &Cs of the west which were alwa#s in bi!!er< lar!er< !reater "ode co'ld not 'nderstand the "aret of the poor. %he# were 'sed to sellin! 17 bottles of sha"poo in a crate and offer two bottles as bon's. CK consolida consolidated ted this idea of poor as "aret an# an &C in +ndia later followed the Cavincare ro'te to tar!et the poor. ven /isc'its are now sold in pacs of one or two for as low as one r'pee.

EXSISTANCE OF THOUGHTS His disc's disc'ssio sion n on core core co"pet co"petenci encies es had its ='o ='ota ta of critics critics isti istin! n! traditi traditiona onall  b'sinesses !et in to 'nrelated areas and s'cceed r. )rinivasan$ who is the Chair"an and ana!in! Director of %>) Capital -'nds$ recalled that the he was one of the fo'nder( directors of the or!anisation %he "areter sho'ld anal#se the poors choice over their lives an and d th thee prod prod'c 'cts ts th the# e# 's 'se. e. Hind Hind's 'stan tan Leve Lever,s r,s s'cce s'ccess ss in "ar "areti etin! n! soap soap(p (pow owde derr an and d deter!ents in s"aller$ cheaper 'nits.

SAYINGS +f #o' loo at what + have done over the #ears$ + first wored on the challen!es of  "ana!in! "ana!i n! "'ltin "'ltinati ationa onals. ls. /i! idea is the for"'l for"'latio ation n abo't abo't the bottom of the py!m"# ?/5P@ as "aret opport'nities for corporate Prahalad had drea"t of +ndia beco"in! an econo"ic leader and a "oral leader in the co"it# of nations.

+1. Eniron)ental iss%es o$ Sterlite co**er5  

Sterlite Industries India Ltd? is a s%bsi&iar( o$ De&anta

Reso%rces Reso %rces *lc" a &iersiCe& an& inte!rate& )etals an& )inin! !ro%*.  

 T'e co)*an( en!a!es *ri)aril( *ri)aril( in t'e *ro&%ction *ro&%ction o$ co**er in  T%ticorin  T%ticorin In&ia. Its *ro&%cts *ro&%cts incl%&e co**er cat'o&es cat'o&es an& cast co**er ro&s" incl%&in! 11 )) an& 1+ )) ro&s %se& in t'e

 

trans$or)er in&%str(" an& 8 )) ro&s %se& b( t'e wires an& cables trans$or)er in&%str( wit' a**lications in 'o%sin! wires" electrical cables" an& teleco) cables  

 T'e co)*an(’s )ain o*eratin! o*eratin! s%bsi&iaries ar are e Hin&%stan Vinc Li)ite& $or its 2inc an& lea& o*erations

)!er!ie<:  

+;";;; *eo*le lie wit'in @ -) o$ t'e *lant.

 

It e)*lo(s 4";;; an& s%**orts t'o%san&s )ore obs in&irectl(. B%t since o*enin! in 1::9 it 'as s*lit t'is coastal cit( between resi&ents w'o sa( it is cr%cial $or t'e local econo)( an& $ar)ers" Cs'er)en an& w'o see it as a 'ealt' 'a2ar&

ORER5  

In Se*te)ber +8"+;1; T'e ?a&ras Hi!' o%rt or&ere& closin! &own o$ Sterlite In&%stries w'ile t'e National T Tr%st r%st $or lean Eniron)ent’ Eniron)ent’ Cle& t'e Crst writ *etition a!ainst t'e !rantin! o$ eniron)ental clearance to Sterlite In&%stries in 1::9.

 

R%le  o$ t'e Eniron)ent 7Protection< R%les 1:89" *laces restriction on t'e location o$ in&%stries $ro) ecolo!icall( sensitie areas" b%t Sterlite in&%stries was sit%ate& well wit'in + -)s o$ ecolo!icall( sensitie an& *ro'ibite& area" w'ic' as*ect t'e central !oern)ent s'o%l& 'ae ta-en into consi&eration be$ore !iin! eniron)ental clearance" sai& t'e Benc' in its or&er or&er..

S)9I76L 9)M@LI-6S:  

March 83 ,8K=3 0 Dilla!ers liin! close to t'e $actor( co)*laine& o$  breat'in! &ic%lt(" o)itin! an& e(e irritation" !iin! rise to

s%s*icion o$ a s%l*'%r &io/i&e lea- $ro) t'e co**er s)eltin! *lant .  

March 8,  T  T%ticorin %ticorin &istrict collector sai& sai& *reli)inar( inesti!ation inesti!ation

b( a tea) o$ ocials le& b( t'e Reen%e e*art)ent Ocials collecte& e^%ent e)ission e)ission &ata $ro) $ro) all $actories in t'e icinit(" incl%&in! SIL" SPI an& !oern)ent an& *riate t'er)al *ower %nits" s%!!este& t'at t'e s%l*'%r &io/i&e %nit at Sterlite o**er In&ia co%l& be t'e so%rce o$ t'e !as lea-. B%t onl( $%rt'er inesti!ation co%l& conCr) w'et'er t'e e)ission was aboe *er)issible li)its" 'e a&&e&.  

Reen%e &e*art)ent ! Reen%e !ae ae an or&er or&er to t'e co)*an( co)*an( see-in! e/*lanation $or t'e inci&ent wit'in Ce &a(s.

 

 ud4ment day day on March 8, 8K=3:  

 Ta)il  Ta)il Na&% state6s P Poll%tion oll%tion ontrol ontrol Boar& 7TNPB< 7TNPB< sai& Sterlite release& two !as *l%)es earl( on t'e )ornin! o$ ?arc' +3" containin! as )%c' as +":41.1+ )illi!ra)s *er c%bic )eter o$ S%l*'%r &io/i&e" al)ost oJ t'e sensor6s c'art an& )ore t'an &o%ble a !oern)ent li)it $or s)o-estac- concentration.

9)-9LASI)-:  

 T'o%!' t'e *lant !ies e)*lo()ent e)*lo()ent o**ort%nities an& econo)ic !rowt'" b%t since it is *osin! a 'ar)$%l t'reat to t'e in'abitants liin! aro%n& it s'o%l& be i))e&iatel( )oe& to a *lace w'ere it is *er)issible an& sa$e to o*erate wit'o%t 'ar)in! an(one.

Beca%se all t'ese beneCts t'at !ot. an& ot'ers !et are no wa( co)*are& to H?AN LIDES

++.Swa)i Die-anan&a5  

Born as Naren&ranat' Naren&ranat' atta in alc%tta" t'e ca*ital o$ Britis' In&ia" on 1+ an%ar( 1893 &%rin! t'e ?a-ar San-ranti  $estial.

 

Intereste& in s*irit%alit( $ro) a (o%n! a!e an& was $ascinate& b( wan&erin! ascetics an& )on-s.

 

An ai& rea&er an& interest in a wi&e ran!e o$ s%bects" incl%&in! *'iloso*'(" reli!ion" 'istor(" social science" art an& literat%re. 

 

*anis'a&s"  Interest in Hin&% scri*t%res" scri*t%res" incl%&in! t'e De&as" De&as" t'e *anis'a&s" t'e B'a!aa& #ita #ita"" t'e Ra)a(ana" Ra)a(ana" t'e ?a'ab'arata ?a'ab'arata an&  an& P%ranas.. t'e P%ranas

it' Ra)a-ris'na5  

?eetin! Ra)a-ris'na Ra)a-ris'na in 188+ 0 t%rnin! *oint in li$e.

 

Initiall( rebelle& a!ainst 'is i&eas" b%t a$ter $at'er’s s%&&en &eat' an& $a)il( le$t ban-r%*t" Die-anan&a Die-anan&a $o%n& solace in 'is teac'in!s.

 

Acce*tance o$ Ra)a-ris'na as #%r%.

 

Ko%n&in! o$ Crst Ra)a-ris'na ?at' at Barana!ar a$ter 'is &eat'.

 

 

Ra)a-ris'na  '%!e i)*act on DieRa)a-ris'na Die-anan&a’s anan&a’s *ersonalit( an& t'o%!'ts.

 T'o%!'ts an& teac'in!s teac'in!s on *'iloso*'( *'iloso*'(55  

o%ntr(’s $%t%re &e*en&ent on *eo*le an& teac'in!s $oc%se& on '%)an &eelo*)ent

 

Lin-e& )oralit( wit' control control o$ t'e )in&" seein! tr%t'" *%rit( an& %nselCs'ness

 

A&ise& 'is $ollowers to be 'ol(" %nselCs' an& to 'ae $ait'

 

S%**orte& celibac(  So%rce o$ *'(sical an& )ental sta)ina an& elo%ence

 

 E)*'asi2e& t'at s%ccess was an o%tco)e o$ $oc%se& t'o%!'t an& action

I)*ortant lessons o$ *'iloso*'(5  

 

Power o$ )in&  'en )in& is intensel( ea!er" an(t'in! ca) be acco)*lis'e&.  Ta-e  Ta-e %* one i& i&ea ea  T'in- abo%t it" &r &rea) ea) abo%t an& lie on it . T'is is t'e wa( to s%ccess.

 

Lie %* to (o%r 'i!'est i&ea.

 

Stan& %*" be bol&" be stron!.

 

 T'ere is no 'el* $or (o% o%t o$ (o%r (o%rsel$ sel$..

Lessons on ?ana!e)ent5 Here are so)e e/cer*ts $ro) Die-anan&a6s letter to Swa)i Bra')anan& written on 1st A%!%st 18:8 $ro) Srina!ar0  

 

 

No ob can be learnt wit'o%t *ractical e/*erience" t'eor( itsel$ is not s%cient 0Qwe all -now 'ow i)*ortant *ractical e/*erience is nowa&a(s.  T'ere s'o%l& s'o%l& alwa(s be bac-%*s" bac-%*s" i$ so)ebo&( !oes awa(" ot'ers s'o%l& be rea&( to ta-e 'is wor- %* 0Q its a *er$ect e/a)*le o$ ris)ana!e)ent. Nobo&(be wor-s interest an& )otiation. Eer(bo&( s'o%l& !ien%nless wor- t'ere w'ic'iswo%l& interest 'i)G'er. it' interest

 

co)es &e&ication.0QT'is is t'e cornerstone o$ Her2ber!6s t'eor( o$ )otiation w'ic' ca)e )%c' later  

Eer(bo&( s'o%l& 'ae a s'are in wor- an& *ro*ert( an& eer(bo&( s'o%l& !et a oice in )ana!e)ent 0Q A!ain &irectl( relate& to )otiation. It too- )o&ern )ana!e)ent a lon! ti)e to reali2e t'is.

 

#ie eer(bo&( a res*onsible *osition alternatel( wit' an e(e to watc' an& control 7)onitor<. T'en onl( we can !et a s(ste) &rien b( *rocess 0Qit'o%t )onitorin! acco%ntabilit( &oes not co)e.

 

eelo* a *rocessG)ac'ine w'ic' wor-s 'i)sel$" t'en *eo*le can be $o%n& $or b%siness an& wor- 0Q we onl( 'a& To(ota Pro&%ction S(ste) an& TM? in t'e later 'al$ o$ ne/t cent%r(" w'ile t'is t'o%!'t e/iste& in t'e )in& o$ t'is !reat )an a cent%r( a!o.

 

e cannot )a-e a *er)anent or!ani2ation beca%se we neer li-e to s'are *ower wit' ot'ers an& neer t'in- o$ w'at will co)e a$ter we 'ae !one 0Q Isn6t it still tr%e o$ #oern)ents" bot' &e)ocratic an& a%tocraticU

+3.

 

TILITARIANIS?5

'at is Nor)atie et'icsU 

Nor)atie et'ics is t'e st%&( o$ et'ical action. It is t'e branc' o$ *'iloso*'ical et'ics t'at inesti!ates t'e set o$ %estions t'at arise w'en consi&erin! 'ow one o%!'t to act" )orall( s*ea-in!.



Kor e/a)*le. It is abo%t t'e %estion o$ w'at )a-es ri!'t actions ri!'t an& w'at )a-es wron! actions wron!.

Histor( o$ tilitarianis)5   ohn

Stuart Mill Mill" was t'e one w'o ca)e %* wit' t'e t'eor( o$

%tilitarianis). He was t'e )ost in,%ential En!lis' s*ea-er an& !reat *'iloso*'er o$ 1:t' cent%r(. cent%r(. He was t'e )ost intelli!ent )an wit' t'e intensit( o$ %estionin! lo!ic wit eer( in&ii&%al actions. 'at is %tilitarianis)U5 It is t'e t'eor( o$ ri!'t an& wron! w'ic' )eans basicall( an e/tract $ro) t'e nor)atie et'ics t'eor(.   Howeer %tilitarianis) reoles aro%n& 3 cor core e ele)ents ele)ents o$ li$e.

 

1 T'e T'e % %ti tili lit( t( *r *rin inci ci*l *le e + T'e !reat !reatest est 'a**i 'a**ines nesss *ri *rinci nci*le *le 3 Ha**in Ha**iness ess  *leas *leas%r %re e_a abs bsenc ence e o$ *ai *ain n  

n'a**iness *ain _ absence o$ *leas%re

 THE TILITW PRINIPLE5 PRINIPLE5 PLEASRE AN KREEO? KRO? PAIN PAIN ARE THE ONL ONLW W ESIRABLE THIN#S AT THE EN THA THAT T IS" THEW ARE THE ONLW ONLW INTRINSI INTRINSI  #OOS IN THE EN

+4. SOT Anal(sis5 +4.  

eelo*e& as a tool $or )ar-etin! in w'ic' internal an& e/ternal eniron)ent are scanne& as an i)*ortant *art o$ t'e strate!ic *lannin! *rocess.

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Internal $actors can be classiCe& cla ssiCe& as stren!t's 7S< or wea-nesses 70<.

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7ternal $actors can be classiCe& as o**ort%nities 7)< or t'reats 76<.

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Stren!t's an& ea-nesses o$ t'e internal eniron)ent e.!. staJ 7or internal c%sto)ers<" oce tec'nolo!(" wa!es an& Cnance" etc.

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O**ort%nities or T'reats $ro) t'e eternal )icro0eniron)ent e.!. clients" a!ents an& &istrib%tors" s%**liers" o%r co)*etitors" etc. an& )acro0eniron)ent

'( %se SOT toolsU  

SOT is a str%ct%r str%ct%re& e& anal(tical $ra)ewor-. SOT 'el*s to $oc%s on areas o$ stren!t'" reco!nise li)itations an& &eelo* o**ort%nities in t'e )ost *ro)isin! &irections.

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SOT is %se& wi&el( beca%se it is %ic- an& eas( to learn.

Stren!t's5 

Stren!t's are are t'ose $eat%res o$ t'e b%siness w'ic' allow (o% to o*erate )ore eJectiel( t'an (o%r co)*etitors

ea-nesses5 

ea-nesses are areas ca*able o$ i)*roe)ent. Are (o% lac-in! s-ills or new *ro&%ctsU o (o% 'ae a 'i!'er cost base or lower

 

*ro&%ctiit( t'an (o%r co)*etitorsU Wo% )%st $ace an( %n*leasant tr%t's abo%t (o%r b%siness an& be realistic O**ort%nities5 

'an!es in tec'nolo!( an& )ar-ets" e! t'e Internet

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'an!es in !oern)ent *olic( or re!%lations G le!islation Local an& !lobal eents

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Potential new %ses o$ *ro&%cts an& G or serices

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se o$ )ar-etin! or *ro)otional tec'ni%es to boost t'e b%siness

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Social $actors" e! *o*%lation ,%ct%ation" li$est(le c'an!es

 T'reats5

 

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'an!in! &e)an&.

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E)er!ence o$ new tec'nolo!ies or innoatie *ro&%cts an& serices.

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New re!%lations or increase& tra&e barriers e.!. eniron)ental lobb( see-s a ban on la%nc'in! s*acecra$t.