wherein Reafons^ Marnier^ and Confequemes thereof are clearly
demonflrated.
' j
For
Pruning
Nailing
of their for the IV. leave no more than ymmg'fet Fruits Nature can flrongly fupport, and ripen in the
greateft Perfection.
Thinning
II,
For
wherein the true
:
that the Branches of F be laid upon the Walls, are fet forth moft important and ufeful Difcovery,
to Gardeners in general.
III.
Being a
For ^referving and Ordering Young Fruit*, their SloJJbm to the Time o^ their
unknown
VL To
give
them
their
true Tajle and Colour
For
Preserving
Frqfls,
when fully grown,
the Injuries of
Winds^ &c.
Seafon of Ripningy Manner of Gatherings Treferving^ &c.
Likcwife
s
fe vcml Praftical
OBS E RVA TIO N S
on
the
ImUhlng 9ower
and Ter/pkations of Fruit-Trees j the feveral EfFeds o(Heat2Lni Moljlure tending to the Growth and Maturity of F r u ITS.
.
To
which
is
added,
A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyder-Fruits
The Whole
lUuftrated with above Three
of
D
feveral
Hundred
Drawings
of the
F
Curioufly
Eng
Seventy-nine large Folio Plates
By
BATTT £^NGZ£rof
1
r
Twickenham,
«
L
N D
D
O
N
:
Printed for G. Strahan in Comhill i R. Gosling. W. Meaks, F. Clay. D. Brow B. MoTTE, and L. temple-bar GG in IVeftmmJier-Hall s B o R Nj at Qray S'Jnn Gate , and C. a v i s in Pater-Nojier-RoivJ. Mo. Bot. Garden,
G
O
JS
M
1893
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TO
T H
-Ji
Mi.T
7
*
#
Moll Excellent Majefty
f*
'
•
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.i-
-,^f
T_.
'4
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it
^
^:«.A
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w^
wr «
:3
y
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MAJl_AJ!if,
^^
r^ ^
it^i-F'
i
<t
^.
<
OUR
'*'.
i
^
Majefty*s
exquifite
.
known Goodnefs
in
and
Knowledge
in
«
Horti
culture>
hope -will excufe
•
my
#f
*
>?
Prefumption
fiioft
Dedicating
to
Your
T
Sacred JMajefty the en
:
^^^
if-S
Work
which 1
am
bold to
IS
an accurate
ation of Vegetable
Na
valuable the moft Produdions of various ture in her
Fruits
now
extant in this Nation
dual Operations, thro* their feveral
to their Maturity, are
>
Wherein her gra Degrees of Growth^
:
exadly delineated and
a
defcrib'd.
TO
\
-*-i
*
-•-
J"
IV
2)
E
A
N.
TO
m
one
attempt
a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty's
Illuftrious Character,
would be an Undertaking fupe
Genius,
rior to the greateft
and
intirely inexcufable
who
his
has
made
thefe Humble, thou or
ufeful 7
Studies y
principal
Employmen t
?
and has
no
Capacity, belides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty, fb arduous a Task 1
X
'v
BUT
lour
.>*
m
as we,
who have
the Happinefs to live
m
our
inoft aufpidous Reign, behold united in
Your
Sacred Majefty the Perfeaions and Virtues of
all
moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflbrs It y would be in fotne meafure unpardonable to omit any ._ Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the
Bleflings
heap'd upon U5 by
Your Goodnefs.
r-J
#
4
Sacred Majefty, our moft gracious Sovereisfn imploy s his important Cares for the t)"j Happinefs and Profperity of his People, both at
WHlLETBis
-jT
Home
and Abroad > in order to fecure to them their Rights and Privileges, and to preferve and extend the Benefits of their Trade and Commerce, and is the Arbiter of
Europe
You Madam,
J
powerfully recommend to
bright
all
^
Youf
Subjects,
Your own
Example
,
the
great Concerns of Religion and Virtue of a Pri va te and Domeftick Life.
I
and the Duties
'V-
f
'-r
BE
D
A
t -.
N.
V
BE
it
the
Task of a more
elevated
Genius
to
tranfmit to Pofterity
the Uluftrious
Graces of Your
Majefty's Publick Charadler,
together with the Ex-
Maternal and Affeftion, Conjugal Your of emplarinefs
and future Hopes (the Offspring Royal are of Your profound Know Yolif ; Kingdom) this of Happinefs
ledge in
all
Parts of Divine and
Piety,
to
Human
Learning
y
Your Exemplary
approaching
and
that Gracious Affability
and Condefcenfion
-all
who have
the Honour o
*-
Your Royal
Perfon, which
^
is
»
peculiar to
Your Majefty
a
W'H I L E
I indulge
my felf
in the
m
;
u
Mi»d to a That ranee> of Contemplation improved by Study, the
exalted
Nature and
the
Works
autiful
of the Great
Creator,
getative
difplay'd in the
!b5 aturcp-txjntai
n
Produdions
'd
ni
the
will Gardening, be and an Planting Syftem.of copious more arduous Your when Entertainment, agreeable
\
Affairs will
permit Your Majefty
to enjoy the
calm
Retirement. and Solitude of Sweets peaceful and
m*
THIS
agreeable Affurance
emboldens
me
to lay
and Obfervations following the -Majefty Ypur beforeExperiments on the choiceft
duc'd in thefe
Fruits
which are pro
\
Kingdoms
:
The
right Ordering whereof
will underftood, well being
and Mature them render
Wholefome
%
?
-«,
VI
*<
D
D
r
A
F
N.
I
J
Wliolefome; and not a of Your People.
little
contribute to the Health
Your Majefty may long continue an Ornament to the Royal Dignity/ an Example to Your Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration
of Europe^
is
THAT
the fervent Prayer
of.
«
May
pie afe
i
--%
Tour
Ma
if
e sty ?
Tour Majefifs mofi Dutiful,
9
4C
And
/
moji
Loyal
.h^
*
V
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O-'t
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Batty Langley.
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1
A
V
LTHO
Grotto's,
our
a dy ^S^alk s ?
Avenues, Groves
Wildernefles
Fountains^
to
Canals.
the
&c,
{of
ivhkh
have en
Variety
before, in
deavourd
Vlans ?
ifter
gratify
C
fwHh great
a
Grand and more Rural Manner than has hen done
of Gardenin
lately
my
New
and
the heft
hlifljd)
may
e juftly
ro p
portion dy
truly executed in all their Tarts, yet if they are not
em^
lellijh'd mth
Kinds of Fruits now extant
in
England,
it
cannot
le faid
hut that they
are ^ajily Jbort of thofe Beauties 'which
as well as Trojitalle
male
them truly
Grand and Nohky
dd hut conjider
and Delightful
Leaves
IF we
the various Forms and Colours of
it
the
Fruit ^TreeSy and compare them with Forejl ^Tre es ,
rees
will le found
V ^fjuaJIy-ns lieautfful-T-^Ttt-wh^ff
they are
WC
G
COWparC
springs
their beautiful
Bloffoms, with which
adorn d in
Leaves their and fucceed, which their Fruits
only^ ForeJi'Trees }f
'tis
alfo,
with the bare Leaves
evident that there's no manner of Compartfofi
tetween them
J
B VT
are
to
It
is not to hi underjiood, that
decaufe the
Beauties of Fruit-^
Foreji-Trees that therefore Forefl-TreeSy Trees are fuperior to thofe of
rejeSfedy and not receivd in our Gardens.
And Jince
'tis
that
Fruit-Trees are
that
hioWn
to he beautiful as well as profitable^
therefore
I
with them Forefi-^Tfees, Planting the advife of
in Wildernefles
and
other
Rural TdrU
agreeable various their that Gardens^ of
not o?ily delightfully entertain the
MixEyes
tures of the
Leaves and Fruits, may
Beholders,
aljo*
as
they pafs
thro
the feverat
Meanders thereof
J
hut their Tafte
BESIDES
i
if-
V
Vlll
The
BESi'DESy
ProfitsJ
{exchji'
from Plantations of this
Kkd^
there airways arlfe great
aforefaid Vleafures)
hji
^
Apples
d
'Pears produce
good Cyder and Perry
Goofehernes an
in
Currants
mme
he/ides the
5
Ch
Services in
Raslerries fine Mixtures
the Kitchen
to
Brandy^ dec
many
for Tarts,
Sec, all fwhich
therefc
iS
'very ferviceahle
and advantageous
a Family, an
mo
loumhly recommended to the Con/lderation of the Judici
w
As I have
thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen
5
very well in the open Air
namely^ Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples,
Strawberries, Rasberries^ Goofeberries, Currants^
^c. I fhall now
pro--
ceed to fay fomething relating to the moft dejired Fruits, namely, thofe
produced againji Walls.
THE
Ap
i
valuable Wall-Fruits in England, are Cherries,
Plumbs
Peach
Grap
y
Fig
y
d Pea rs
when well
which we have a very
order d, in kind Seafc
9
.
great Variety, that are truly good,
>
•
But,
to
the great Misfortune of mofi
of our Nohility and Gentry
tis
very feldom that they have any that are truly good,
kind^ notwit
when
Seafon
i
the very -great Expences they are at, except hy
Accident,
when Nature her felf has
has^
a6ied the
Part of a judicious Ga
to the
dener 5 a^id the Reafons thereof whollyjmknown
Gardener undi
whofe ^tre^fonfie
IT
as
impojthk that Fruits can ie mature and ripen'd in their
y
greateft PerfeCi
whe
their
are full
Crudities
it is
that are
confind in them for
want of a
•
free Perfpiration, as
for Natur
equally to fupport ten 'Lo%en of Peaches,
&c.
''with
'
the
fame Nourijh
ment as
when
there is
' hit
-^ a T)ozen
and half
two 'Do%en at mofi
no one
But
this is 72ot the dire6i
Fault
Gardeners y
as there s
them now in England, {the ingenious
at Chelfea excepted) that
contain
Mr.
Miller of the Phyftck
Garden
knows
ever thought)
of Crudities
^Jind^
hing
their
d
in the
f
and
Fruits,
5
which, when
Tafies to le watery
infipid
that fuch Crudities are diflharged hy
Perfpiration, {very
—
that
not to he
few of nsohom know the Meaning of the Word) they hlamedfor what they never knew, and therefore 'tis no wonder
nually produced in great ^mntities,
had Fruits have heen
even
when
\
I
The
4
E.
as the ^erfptration of Fruits is d
ix
»
nsjhen Seajbns
were ^ery
hi
new
'D'lfcoveryy their paji
Errors are pardonahle
5
hit for the future
'tis
pe6iedy
executed^
that they
are no more pra6iifedy
and
the following ftri6ilj
in the utmojb
whereby every GentlemaJi will
receive
his Fruits
VerfeCiion, that his Soil
and
the Seafbn can produce-.
THE following Works are,
fuch a
in general^ Matters of
dejires to
FaB^
digefted in
the Renfons
Manner
as to he
read hy every one that
know
and Confequemes
e
of all their Operations^
*
which I humlly
conceive will
no
lefs
delightful than Profitable
the
Whole heing a new Scene
thro' out her various
Nature^ wherein her wonderful Methods of Working,
^rodu6tionSy are fully demonjlrated^ in a concife and eafy
Manner
^
ca
culated to the Underjianding of the meanefi Capacity^ as well as the mojt
Oolite and Learned
herein.
',
^
"'TIS ^ery protdhtey
e
ihdt^ at
the jirfi Sight hereof Gardefiers
old,
may
unwilling
*
to
depart from their
uncertain^ conceited
>
Methods^
Relieving themfelves either too oldy or too well learned, to learn more than
ihey already
know
t,
or
may imagine^
that
what
is
here offered for fheir
%
Impro'oementSy
fnav may
he lard
Chimera*s
onh.
lih 'unto all which has
leen wrote on this SubjeSi ly TheoricaJ Gardener s^
who
never had {or
were Ired
conJideTy
I
to) 'Practice,
But howevery
temperately ready hut will they if
and make
em
Experiments^ on fame of their TreeSy Experie nee will
Coon convince
Opinions
r
/ST
is
a
^very
great Mijtake and Misfortune y <when Nohlemen and
hut are good Gaitdeners^y always changing^ with he cannot Gentlemen fixd
and very often from a had
till
to
a worfe, which a^Jirft
is
not difcoverdy
fo the
fome
terrible Stroke
theniy
is
made among the Fruit'Trees, perhaps
'tis too late
'^-^
utter
Ruin of
and then
to he retrieved.
THERE
employ
)
is
a certain Kind of People in England, who having leen
d
in the labouring 'Part of Gardeningy perhaps hut for one
Month
tho'y at
will then put on
Jp
i
and
call
themfelves Gardi
9
the fame time^ they infaEt are no more than Wheel-harrow
Men, and
very often hardly worthy of that
Office*
BT
\
%
\
t
t
s
5-1
X
%
The
E.
;
BT that time that
thefe
Sort of "People
ha^e continud in fuch
to
E
hegin they a Tear, ploys ahut the Space of an go they away any, hear they as of asfoon and want Gardeners-,
offer
enquire cwhat Gentlemen
Gardeners true-lred are they their Sermce^, faying, that
to
5
that they
hel/d
make fuch a Nohlemans Garden
5
nay,
it,
my
often will
have
the Impudence to fay, that they actually
made
to
tho hut a
Wheel4arrow
Man
of
the
at mojly as
I ohfervd
before
5
and
chfe up the Whole,
m ah
whom
to
Name
eminent Nurfery-Man, fome of
or Gardener, under
they fay they were infiruded, tho
tm.
perhaps they
are wholly
unknown
JNT>
any ly can they if
means come
to
know what Wages
that
is,
i
,
the lajt
Gardener was paid, they always ask much
Gardener fervd for 20
1.
lefs j
if the former
per
3
Ann.
they will ferve for
12, \o,nay.
fori J
rather than fland out
and upon
that Account
very
ft en employ'd,
NOW when
new
afterwards
Jin)e
a Gentleman hasfirjl
hen
at a great Expence in building
Walls, purchajing Trees, preparing the Soil, planting them
or Jix Tears Expences
is
in
their
Ordering, under the
Government of a good Gardener, and
then in Hopes^
and a fair Way
hour
5
of receiving good Store of Fruits for his Expences xmd ounf^r at her ^ the then, perhaps upon form trifijn
plantedrand brought them into that fine fruitful State^
is
why
and
\
eWer ~who
difcharged,
one of the aforefaid Pretenders received into his ¥lace,
who
immediately
begins either to cut or flay, without either Fear or Wit, or otherwife
fuffers them
to
grow
tis
in
fuch diforderly Manner, that after one Jingle
\
Tears Growth,
them
to the
not
in the
Vower
a
skilful
Truner
to
recover
fame
State, as
when
they werefirfl committed into the Hands
leafl.
their Executioner, of
under the Space of three or four Tears at the
OF
from
the
thefe
"Pretenders
Northern Parts,
we who
have
great Numbers annually imported
very probably might in time be as good
to
Gardeners as any in England, had they but Modefty enough
be well
inftru^ed by our EngliQi Gardeners, before they attempt fuch
takings.
Under
IT
^-»
b
r
/
A'^
»
'
#-
i_
•r
1^
The
i^^^fa
E.
>*l
M
%
\
IT is
to
to
aJfo
a very great Mijlake
h
Gentlemen^
^joho
ns^ho
Lett
tfoeir
Gardens
he kept hy the Tear^ to
Undertahrs^
generally Lett them aga'm
that, to
Gardeners under
theniy at
ficb very low Rates,
fa^e themin
felves, they are forced to Jlight
ns)orJp;
and hurry over
every
Tart
ir
Manner,
to the
great Trejudice of nz^ell-planted Gardens.
^y Twickenham, in the County
Kind, where
County, nay,
it
c/MiddJefex >
is
an hijlance
this
mihappily falls out, thai the very
jujlly
hejl
Garden of that
for fuch another
WT
I may
is
fay the only One
is
in
England
5
curious Colk6iion of
this
valmhle Fruits
not
:
found
j4nd
in one
a rdien
m
d
it^
Kingdom 5
Labourer
made a
Sacrifice therehy
I am
to
credibly inform
vy
a.
thereof,
that the Gardener
lafl
- h
who now
Wmter,
to
has the Care of
lett
midef the Undertaker, attempted, the
ffnd
the
Vruning
at
r
fc
Nailing of thofe mofi valuable Wall-Fruits
the
al'ourerSy
S^hree-pefice per
Rod,
I
MUST
4-
confefs
5
that
I was
grieved
tb
hear
it,
for finer Trees ife
not in England
ajid the Trice leing fo very fmall, the Labourers could
not undertalze the Work,
and
thereby they efcaped, in Tart, the Fury of
to
th& unshlfu
However^
e
difpaich them in as expeditious a
Man ner
as
abourers were fet to Work hy the 2) ay )
,
and
left to their
own Ti ifcretron ahho'
tj jey
knew
mfloing of the Matter^ any
more than making fmooth Walls, which they fucceeded in^ fir not knowing the Eloffom- Buds from the Leaf- Buds, they cut away the greatefi Tart
Fruits the of
:
I
So that during this
Manner of
Keeping, there has been
very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithfianding
that
it confifis
i
Twenty Acres, and did feldom
or
never
fail of being very fruitful before.
LF I may
may
be permitted to
»
give my Opinion, with Relation
to
the
Truning of Fruit'Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their Truning is the direct Bufinefs of the Head Gardener himfelf, an no
other Terfon whatfo
y
pting that any of his Underlings have h
well infirufied
thereof
therein,
who may
then
un
his Eye, perform a
Tart
one
one experienced
T
r
will perform more
Wor
:
tn
Seajbn, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can reqmre
fore
and
there
when
unskilful Teople (as aforefaid) are employ
d in fuch Worksj either
c
t
,
^
ill
The
G
h
E.
ly the IndifcreUon of the Gardener under 'whom they Work, or thro* his
Idlenefs,
the Gentleman
often his
mohom they
Trees are
fer'^je^
certain of leing greatly in*
jtr/dy
and very
totally
ruind
thereby
WHEN Gentlemen are determind
dens ly the Tear^
'tis
to
Lett the Keeping of their Garto
much
to their
Advantage,
on the Spot,
Lett them
not to
to the
Gar^
deners themfehes, twho are employ
d
^nd
Undertahrsy
:
fwho muji have a Fleece out of the Tearly Jllowance for doing nothing
therefore
my Advice
is.
That fome
reputahle
Gardener
hofen^
the annual
Sum
in Grofs allow
it,
d him 5
for then ^whatever happens amifs
*
he
is ^wholly
anfweralle for
ft
B T this
Room
\
Way of proceedings
the Gentleman 'will le fure of having no
for Excufes for want
Help
3
he will he fure of keeping his
"Plants, in his
f
n
m
w
mofi valuable Fruits^ ^Flowers^ Roots,
and
own Garden,
in a
hefi
which many Undertakers are very apt
if Bujinefs
is to
to take
a Liking
to.
And,
Word,
le
well done
in this
Manner, it muft certainly le
is
when
I
4he Gardener reaps the whole Gain that
Expences therein.
.'.
allow
d for
his Labour, an
m
THUS
much
Way of
Caution, with Refpe£i
to
the Bujinefs of
to T^raffice,
Pruning and Keeping of Gardens 5 / now recommend you which is fully declared in the following Chapters
-i-rrftrti,'»-:1*^
41
>'
ftwickenham^ July 25, 1728.
Batty Langley.
'I
K-
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I.
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f*
i
¥
I
-
XIU
i
N
¥
»
TH
\
/
Principal
A
BELE
Jdmirabk ^each
^each
\
r
Matters
J' :»
B
Folio
Folia
47
Early-
Bakim
^ears
103
Late 106 JiKy a Principle of Vegetables 5
^Iberge
4/ Ba make about new planted Trees 40 Black Damojine Plumb 5>4
Black 9ear ffumh Black Jweet Grap Black currant Grap Black Front inac Grape Black Muskadine Grape Bloody Peach Blue Fig Blue 'Terdrigon Plumb BhJJbm Buds, injurious to prune Bkedhig-Heart Cherry
VI
Barren Lands
how
^3i
help'd
104
ibid.
jilhemark 'Teach jinne feach
Afplesy
4
ibid*
100
33?
propagated Table of the beft Kinds Proper Soils Maiculine
how
34 134
2
"5
114 107 118
jipricots
8S
Roman
Kinds \ Orange
Turky
%9
Blights
Bruxel Proper Soils h^9 How propagated 33y 54 Beft againft North-weft ^ 45 and South-weft Walls 88 On what Wood produced 60 Pittance to be planted at When, and how to be thin'd 77
Diftance to ripen at When to be gathered
Boggy Lands, how drained
66 %6 74
32
Bonum Magnum Plumb
Bordine Peach
95
102
Branches next the Roots of Trees, perilh
;
when
of a
too
many
in
Number, by want
free Perfpiration
^5
0.0
Branches y their Growth
79
82
8i
ibid.
Their Diftance, that they fhould be kept from each other, fb as to have
•f.
free Perfp
<^4,
66 66
How
JfpeBsy
eaten
To. be frefh nailed every Year, and
why
North-eaft Eaft South-caft
Thofe Thofe
I-
South South-weft
Weft
North-weft
43>44 44 46 45 44
ibid.
healthy and fruitful Statey are preferved by early pruning
in a
of Vegetables The Quantity of Moillure con
Principle
S 7 44
their
Nature
tained therein
Their Number in a Stock 4J Which are to be difplacedj and when Burdock Peach 106
C
'-. "i
Carjiation
Cherry
Catherine
Pkimb
107
-JII4
ibid.
Catherim Peach Canadd Grape Cermy Perdrigon Cheft on Plumb
CherrieSy
Bloffom EdVly Jdmirable Peach 03 Efpaliers how planted 59 Exhalation 74 Experiments , To prove the Quantity of Moifture in different Depths of Soils 9 To prove the Quantity of Moifture
,
M
Eafi
mU
Winds
nuriou§
to Fruits in
.porated
in
a
Surface of
from the fuperiicial Foot of
falls
Day
Their Soils How propagated
Stones
at
1
Land, more than Night
in
Dew
at
II
33
how
ordered before and
.
fbwing PijJance to be planted
at
ri
prove the Quantity evaporated in a Day from an Acre IJ To prove the Reafon of ]?runing the Heads af Trees it the Time of
planting
To
F
H
When ripe When to be gathered When to be eaten
ibid.
ri
iMd.
38, 3p
'
Cionsy
How to
To
how
cut
Clay^
place on the Stock generated
plant therein
2
Second Experiment 5B To prove the great Fdrce with which the Leaves of Fruit Trees attract Nourilhment, and pexfpire it away 70 A. Second Experiment
A
t
To
Ckiffer
31
Grape Claret Grape Cockagee, an Irijh Cyder Apple
Cattims,
114
116
49 33 34 36
Figs, their Soil
F
^^^^ow propagated
Their Cuttings and Lay be topp'd Their Fruits how produced'^ 72 Kinds that ripen in' England Manner of pruning
J
^
How
When
order to plant
to
2
S3
For grafting, how chofen For Inoculation how chofen 40, 1 When to be taken from the ^ Mother Trees S6 Currants J 24
Forefl
34
18 18
When
.and
ripe
^9 82
ees their
Growth pyramldical
'
*
i)
why
A'^,
Dew
the Quantity that falls in a Night and Raip^ that fall in a \
12
20
31
;'4
l5ow planted Manner of prunirig Pother ingham Plumb
Frofis
Remarks on the Produdion of Leaves
Dutch Currant
^
7
ibid.
head Diftances to be planted at 60 FruitSy How preferved from Frofts when in Bloflbm Stt and >
When to
58
125
4
Half grown 75, 77, 78 Manner and Seafon of thinning 77 Manner
J"
'
.
»
i
N
Fol
X.
XV
Fol
i
r
1
i
Manner and' Seafon of expofing them tb the Sun %Yhen fully grown 8
f
Horfi-chejiiat
47
Cherry
i
Ho Imam Duke
f
i
and why Time and Manner of gathering
Infipid
T
\
S
"Jean-hattve
preferved in the Con fervatory 84 Fruits ripen fboner or later, according t the different Nature of the Soil ibid
I
'
.
. 1.
How
Plumb Imterial PlumB Imperatrke Plumb
f:
Imrchui^
Tmculation
(
»
40
ibid*
\
White
Black
Grizel
^•i
Frontijiac
> «
Grap
i\j
5
InfeBs
'Italian
how
deftroyed
f
i-
^each
NeBarinS
d. iH
<^
-
J
*f
Italian
toy 103
113
'4lK
Yr/A^ (i/v//e
1^
I
I
t
If
1
Gardeners
•tt
K
i
Their common Method of ordering 00
c
r
1
•
Fruit Trees
2-
62
r'i
jKernels
Their feveral Methods of pruning 65 K f Their errone< Methods of nailing the Branches of Fruit Trees ibid Their Error in pruning the Fig Tree 7 Their Error in dif-leaving Fruit Trees 7 Gafcoigm Cherry 85 f\ Qolden NeBariiie 103 H
i
*
of Fruits, how ordered before and at the Time of fowing 35 Their Sealbn of pcrfeding
,
I \
t
t
f
L
•.J
V j
t
MV
Land to prepare
.
for planting
i
V-
Leaves of Fruit Trees Their Ufes
Attracting NoUrifhment
i
1
J
,.
1
1
Goojeberries
I
Kinds
Ordering
A
f'-
i4
r^
•
*
J
ibid*
01
ibid.
Graftings the Seafc
ibid main excretory Duds Increafe in Magnitude proportio r ably to the Growth of their
Are
the
Manner
(?f^/i
to loam
i
37 37, S^ S7
t\
Fruits
r
<*i
7^,73
Preferve the Sap VelTels. from the
To
Grapes
\
unti(
r
Grizel Frontinac Grap^
7
y
110
III
The
Soils
of Heat and Gold 80 When produced, and why 7 Placed againft Buds, and why ibid To be watered in the Spring, when
Inj
\
How
\.
raifed
the Seafon
is
dry
Where produced
33 110
2
^
f
r^
r^
III Seaibn for pruning rllO. 112 Manner of pruning ibid. Diftance of their Branches Manner of ordering in May [2,113 Bleeding Seafon III
p
..
Leaf-buds to be chofen for to prune at Lime-Tree Loam J how generated
68
47
i
London ^lumh Lukeward Cherry
/
86
3
\
When
ripe
81
Lightning Luxuriancy Stopt
1
S7 )
>
74 30
How
Gravel how Green gage Plumb Strawberry
preferved to plant therein
82,83
31
1
1^
M
Magdalene Peach
MafcuTine Apricot
5)4
120
Red
White
100
88
ibid.
H
i
Maitre Claude Plumb
1
/
.
Hautboy Strawberry Hermitage Grape Heat at two Feet depth Hemskirk Peach Houghing
n
20
116 16 loj
31
Mat chief s Y\\^vi^y White Maiaco tune May Cherry
\
107
8i,86
Meadiate Apple
jW/fe Injurious
V
Hi
^
3i
Minion
Mirabk Plumb, White
;
»
.
/
XVI
N
Folio
L
«
Folid
Mimon
Peach
How
propagated
33,
,
34
Moifiwe necelTary for Plants 9 Railed by the attractive Power of the SunII And by the attradive Force of
Vegetables
i
i
14
ibid
Imbibed by Plants af theii; Roots Imbibed by Plants at their Lq^yea
2
2^3
I
Their Diflance of Planting 6o Their Courfons 3 Leaves, Bloflbms, and Fruits ? when and where produced y^' 9 Table of the beft Mipds 3 Kinds that produce th^Ir Fruits
'-
'.
tn CLuii^ES at the
End^ ^t
y
1
»
their
How
i^orifco
raifed
Shoots
6^, 79
Morello Cherry
Blue
rs-tV^
i
Cherry
?1
&5 ^ixdrigon Plumbi
^
^
> White
Musk
Cerney
^rocco Plumb
Magtile
:0
1
2
511
Plumb
A>
9S
^t?;7^
i>3
^"^ntabon Peach
of Plants
for
How accounted
.
23
Kinds
L
How
f^ujcat Grape
33
When
performed
propagated
Mu^dine Grape
W
fc."
hite
•
Manner Thmh.
i
27
fioinfii
«
4
^
-
Black
j-^
4
i
^
t.
^8,
('^
;>o
2,
Their
Soils
V* n
^
N
{.
p^^
propagated Diftance of Planting Manner of pruning
Mow
H
f
1
I
-
-
>-f
'
^
Nailifigy
(
when and how
perfornied
When
rip
-»?
• '
u-i
r
!
to
be
\
60 I 90 S2
\
uly
-^4
^rimof'dm Plumb
Planting ih Pap In Wetlands The Sealbn
^/^;?fJ
'{*
'
%
4
i.
l^eBarims
Kinds
N
I
V
48 hid
^7
^ewington Peach
Smith
102, 103 101
'^
1
Old
N
-p
how
nourifli'd
by
Rain,,
pew
?r>
li
iVo^^ PeachNoruh Afjaed
04
^c, at th eir Roots, Barks, ^ucjs, and
lOI
^^rt^wej Afyed:
Nutmeg
1
W/i
V^SLcih
4^ 4J
1
Leaves %'uning
Knife to
V
Leaf-bud be very keen-edged
-
/
^4
<J8
%\\
I
V---^
Red
00
The
bell Seafon
t t
\
^6
'
1
V
H
<-,. <!
o
Qr.chardi 'S
^orpree Peach
Purple. Jlberge
47
04
23
Peach
the South-fides of Rivers
as
^urpk
77
Rasberry
imbibe the- humid Steams >
I
they
aded by the Sun
Orange
Orleans
Ap
\
Q.
g^wr^i 'their
in
I
Plumb
91
^oil
.
a.
Bloflbms an(} J^ea ves
when and
73
p
'Pnvies^
^y^rz^
•9
what manner
prodi^cec}
§l^eef2
Mother Plumb
c
1
^
y
R oyal Peach
Grape
05)
t
94
^ajs'viokt
^arjley
103
Reaches their Soil
How
s
114 2
33, 34
Rains
propagated,
Where produced
R and R aclicks
Rajb
their Penetration into the
Earth
II
Dezythat
fall
Year
pnined Their Goodnefs Biftance of their Branches Tables of Kinds Time and manner of gatljenQg
Ho
99 99
loo 108 82 82
Raijin Grap e
20 28 11^
•122
*
Kinds
How
ibid,
ifeid.
When
St. Jeter's
propagated Manner of pruning
ibid.
ripe
Grap
Reine Claude Plumb Red Magdalene Peach
^ears their Soil
93 *oo
Red
4
/
N D
If
X-
xvu
Jolio
'
Fdl
Red Currant
^-
Kind Graftifjg
Rickets ^each
^.o
\o6
'9
R^ts
i
I
to bg. pj^dSrved
To be foiled ^o be pr^rved
f
Winds
V
54
60
ibid
Tahk of Peaches T'abk of Grapes T'ahkof Plumbs 7abU of PcarsTable of Apples"
icS
froiji
Frofts,
Traps Ti'enchim
Turkey^
%
¥
k
35
36 95
To
time of pruning Their manner of pruning Their outward Coat or Rind
at the
V
hold
I.
lumb f
Peach
V.
9 69
35
te/Ap ricot
Tiiteon de Venice
Roman Apr ipot
Royal WVding ^ Royal <^mmb Rozamia ^eacb RMt^llion ^each
10
u
•
*.
rI
C
ICI
\
k
I
101
'I
Vegetables their Principles
Imbibe Rain and
Vinds their Soil
DeW
t
44
104
S
\
Of
Viokte
PJumb
I
H
I
^
T
H..
Vioku
2»1^
hative Peach
"h,
.
m^^ u
i^^z^fi^
uiij
Volatile Salt a^Ptinciple
f*-*
of Yegetable^
45
to,
5
iJ
cpvex
""
tJie
W^ujids of Tiecs
58
120
ibiti:
-o
,ib
SfjMwherries
W
» «
IT-
^fe/
ftr
ibid
Its
Its
Manner of Planting
Scc^rkt
ibid
3-
a Principle of" Vegeral)/e5 Evaporation in a Winter's I5ay Evaporation in a Year
Rasher ry
17
IVaterings necelTary in hot
S^^ds
Germinate
18
a8
to trani^l
and dry Seafbns 23
When
PVall-tre'es
neceffary
pi anted
Dilate
how
^^dh
Service
when and how
Manner of pruning
S^ajbns for planting
how railed
weak how
to
57 33
be
.
Wallnuts
how
lailed
S^QOts of Trees that are
ftrengthned
pith's Newington Peach Soils the Kinds Their different Natures
k.
63 loi
I
m'p^wall fVhitJour A^^Xe White '^erdrigon .P/unxb White HoUand Piymb
36 5ry5^ 57> 53 35 _44
141
'1
i
%
43
)
White ^ear Plumb White Nutmeg Peach
Whit-e Magdalene Peach White Sweet-water Graper White Mujcadipe Grape
South-Eaft:
Wall
Cold
1
00
Smh'fM Afpea:
^g
n
44>4i 45
.
lot
Dry
Sflice graft
29 29 38
113 ri4
Stocks
How
headed
Stock grafting
34 3& 38,39
40
6^0
.
White Frontinac Grape White FifoWhite Rasberry Wentworth Plumb filnter Fruits when to be
White
^
"J
118 123
P5
gathered
Seaion of graftmg iS'/i?(:ib large to be Rind-grafted
Mirabik
Afatchiefs
'
Plumb
9^
Standard Fruits their diftance of planting or at Trees t^n Straining the Roots of
prejudicial very ? Sterility the Caufe How prevented a Principle of Veget^bl in Rain and Dew ,
Supcr-coeleftial
Wood
Strawberry
12a
121
up
How propagated
61
Y
ibid.
V
5
9
J
ToU??g
nes require the
leaft
pruning,
Apple
3
47
and why Telhw Diapree Plumb
6%
9S
Swalze Peach Sweetwater Grape
114
Zantoyne Grape
"1
:>
%
113
T
Taf-roots
/
**<-
xvfii
(T
I
\
t
w
1^
<"
*
k
__
1^
N
•>%!
4t
1
/
^
'
1
1
NH
b
,1
<^
^
•
^
*
T
'A
t V
t.
il
I
\
I*
Chap.
.
^1
5
1
yx
''
3dH
!:
Folio.
Chap
^
FoIidJ
\
I
F
Earths / j II. Of the Principles of Ycgetables
j^
Planting, their Seafbn and
5
Pro
Pruning, Naihng, &c. Xn. Of the great ufe of the
4
Manner of 6% Leaves of
r
HI.
in
dii£li^n
Of the
Moifture contained
for the
the Earth,
and Support of Plants 7 JV. Of the Manner that Nature fupports Plants with Moifture, and its EfFeds^ on €1 the Growth of Trees ^4 Of the Growth and Maturity of Plants XIV. Of the Manner of Gathering Fruits 1% and Preferving them after gathering 81 Vl. .Of the Manner of preparing Lands XV. Of Cherries for Plantations of Fruit Trees 30 XVI. Of Apricots 88 VlL The Manner of raifing Fruit-Trees in XVII. Of Plumbs 5)o
,
• X-v.
r
Frmt-Trees, and their Force of imbibing Moifture for the Support of their c BloIToms, Fruits, &c. XIII. Of Blights, and the Manner of . dering Fruit-Trees, when in, and going of Bloflbm, half Grown, and Rip 74
^^
Of Peaches and Neaorines p8 and Manner of Tranfplanting, agalnft XIX. Of Grapes, and their Ordering no WaJls, Efpaliers, &c. XX. Of Fig-Trees 118 VIII. Of Afpe^ts and thdx Accidents 43 XXI. Of Strawberries IX. Of the Manner of Planting Foreft- XXII. Of Rasberries 122 Trees, to defend Plantations of Fruits XXIII. Of Goofeberries and Currants 124 from the Injuries of North, Eaft, and XXIV. Of the Black Mulberry Weft Winds 47 XXV. Of Philberts, Wallnuk and Be^rX, Of the Velocity wherewith Nourifti berries 27 pent enters the Roots of Fruit-Trees ; XXVI. Of Pears and Qij I and the Reafons, and Manner of Pruning XXVII. Of Apples
Inoculating,
'X
a Nurfery, their Grafting,
XVIII.
f
I
1
^ *
their
Roots and Heads
at
the
Tranfplanting
XL Of the Management
\
Time of JO
S3
A
of Fruit-Trees af
Curious Account of the moft valuable Cyder Fruits in Devonfh
SS
i
i
T
To the
M
and I
T
W
Nobility ^w^Gentry o/"Great-Br
th
and Succefs of Plantations wholly depend ff^^rjL^^'^T\ the Manner of Laying and Judg Kinds of Trees, 'that are moft Natural to thefr Soil This is to give Notice, That the Auth Advice may be readily commanded to any Part of
HEREAS
By
Ikiildlngs in
«V»«^
Wh n Whom
7^
Great Britain or Ireland,
*
Gen
y
Surveyed, Meafur'd and Valued
As
Grotto's, Bath's, Fountains, Caicad
alfo
Timber Growing or
Height required ..a M,.,
Fell'd
..aSlSfe-Si^; ^^^^^^^^^^
&c. made, and Engines for raifing Water
/
I
:*^
fi
«%
i
\
t
;^-'
i
i
t
*:.
*w
•
-r-
o
f-
?
T H
"f
R
^
R
ST
.*
.PL.
N
D.
j^
t
;
•*
»
;
H
V *
P.
TT'
lA
-aF
f-.
Of
I-
H
and moft
neceflfary
t
1»
*
T'
*^
^
J
*
E
firft
Work
is,
to be done, before
we
begin our Plantations,
Either to
make Choice
have,
fit
as fuch prepare or Soil, of a proper
we
for
which Fruits thofe of the Reception
propag:
^ IT
we
defi
\
ALL
Sand y
the
the
^
feveral Kinds o
»
Soil
tis
may
be reduced to Three,
Belief,
^u/^^
is
Loam
and Clay
3
my
that
Sand (only)
:
Earthy primitive ure
and
all
others
but Compounds
.
For, as
juftly £r^% Mr.
Water, with d moiften
•*
being Sand That Nature, Works in his of obferves , r aherwards and Lump, a to Hand the in worked and
\vill >
^
dried
in
the Sun 7
when thoroughly
dried J
fall
down
into a
Heap
y
/
/
^
r
s
2
".
M
Heap of Sand as before
with Oil ) an
laid
ar
5
N
if
'tis
A: Or
moiiften'd
dry,
it
7
but
in
the
fame Manner
in
the
Sun
to
So,
M^ill
incorporate y
and
become a very
Subflance.
om
hence
'tis
very
probable,
that different Natures, Colours,
and Textures of Earths,
are alter'd, ac*
cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they
are mix'd.
m
NOW
fteing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand,
lefs
5
and become
to
a hard rough Subftance, and that more or
m
'tis
Prop
Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein
very probable that
from thence
it is^
that the feveral Sorts of Clays are generated.
THE
feveral
Colours of both Sand and Clay,
3
may
for
very probably
proceed from the different Colours of their Juices
Sand moiften'd
with Water has a different Colour from that mix'd with Milk, Oil, (^c.
Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix'd with Clay^ makes a
compound
c
Earth called
Loam 5
which
differs in its
Nature, according to the Pro^
portion contained between each other.
EQUAL
makes
Quantities of Sand and Clay, perfedly mix'd together
is
the beft (and
called a Middling)
Loam.
TWO Thirds Oay,
^e
and one Third Sand, makes a very ftrong
Thefe two Kinds of Loams
Loam
very
firfl
ufually called Brick-Earth.
beft Soils for Apples, Pears,
r
are th
:
Plumbs, Apticots, and Quinces
5
The
Surface, or
I-
firfl:
Strata
and
*i
the
lafl:
for the
Bottom, or lowefl
Strata
L
-kF
vTWCi
Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light
Loam
Strata
>
ufually called Light-Land.
Thefe two
this lafl
lafl are
the befl Soils for Cherries
Peaches, Figs,
V
&c.
Compofit
the
firfl
or Surfac
f
i*f
y
and
the preceding the
Bottom or next lower Strata
and
VINES
delight in rich
warm
Soils,
therefore the
Sand ought to
be in greater Proportion then the preceding.
THE
.
'
w^f^
.4
I'he
.4
Fru I
thefe
GA
iSV rat as
R »
EN
Illufirated.
^rj>
THE
mcnt
or
Depth of
tw
ke n
I,
ne eds never
or Surface, i6 Inches,
:
e
^
moie than two
im bib e
Feet, {viz.)
The
L
fiift iS^r^?
and
Bottom, or next
IS
lowefl: Stratay
8 Inches
For whatever Nourifliis
bcl ow this Depth,
t
crude and undigelled
wane of Heat
— n
therefore
whenever
Fruit
Trees are
fuffer'd
to
ftrike their
Tap-Roots
fo very deep, they
immediately become luxurious
and
their Fruits
frornt
infipid,
by
the
over and above Crudity of the Sap im-
bibed
bclow.
IT
has been
(:he
Pradice of
full
many
eminent Gardeners, to make
3
theit
Borders for Fruit Trees
three Feet deep
alfo,
and Mr. Wife and Mr.
the
London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter
Earth
full
recommends
making o
three
Feet deep, in
their
Frmich Tranflation of the Retired of
Gardiener }
w ithout
i
con fideri nn
the different Degrees
Heat in the
Earth, from
to
3
^ Inches deep.
THE
on
cold er an
Reverend and Learned Mr. HaleSy
in his FegetgNe Statlch,
.*
p. 64. has proved.
the Surface,
That
at
two
Feet Depth,
'tis
27 Degrees
colder than
the
and confeqiiently the deeper we go afterwards,
is
more
crude
the Nourifliment.
I
F
we
are fo
happy
for
as
to
have the Liberty o
)
making our
it
own
Choice of a Soil
has
Pi
the
I
advife
that
be Land whicl
-
not or
difturbed
Spade or Plough within
with Cattle
of
60
Years, and
continually fed
Th
i*
it
be a
incli
kind, moderate, fandy
Loam, of two
Spits in
Depth,
its
Bottom
able to a Brick -Earth, with a moderate Reel
towards the SouthJ
7
South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees
twelve,
\
5
and the Spring
about ten i
&c,
Feec
below
the Surfi
TO make Choice
agrees
to J
in
of
Soils,
by
their Smells, Taftes,
is
^c*
>
as
Mr. Wife
notwith
Treatife aforefaid y
difficult
andin
J
that their Steams, or Tafles,
'tis
yet
v cry probable that they
fit
may be difagreeable to may be agreeable to Pla
NouriHim
Soils
our Pa
I
when
'tis
1
Nature has prepared them
for their
Befid es
not
Powers to determine the Nature of
fe
by Smell or Tafte
>
be
that all Soils contain a great Variety
of J
fome
neceffary for
the
I
/
i,':-
.
t
O
the Support
ture can
M
N
A: Or
7
of one Kind of
Plants,' others for other
Kinds, wliich
Na-
diftinguifli
and make proper Choice of 5 but
we
cannot 5 for
J
when we
fmell or tafte/tis all the Juices mixt together.
in all
Trees are planted in a moderate moift
in the fame
the Garden.
Loam,
th
m uch
g
Soil,
Time
of
:
and the
like
of almoft
ery other Pi
Therefore
when
N
ha s not
well prepared our
as the Natures
Trees require,
we
mu
t
end
to
make good
th
->
fuch Defeds
by Art
LANDS
Mud
of
very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay
R
Ponds,
&c, and
thofe that are clayey,
ftifF
wet, c^,
with Sand, Sea-coal-aflies, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together. Pigeon*s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands^ being ufed with
Difcretion.
ALL
but
Kinds of Loams, require
therefore drive
lefs
Help than
either
Sands or Clays
5
we muft
Nature beyond
its
Strength.
The
beft
i^ompoit Compoft ror for ivianuring Manuring a good gooa moaerate moderate
Loam,
is
Horfe-dun Horie-dung,
Cow
before
dung, and a fmall Qtiantity of Sea- coal -afhes, well mixt with the up of a frefli Meadow, in a Left a for Six. permoft Month
J
Rotten Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are m
for
ft
alfo
good Manures
Loams
Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light and fandy Lands are made tf^ereby capable of receiving the whole Bene fits of Rains, Snow, : that fall in the Winter, and
ALL
&
clayey ftrong Lands
are
made
melloiv,
and
fit
for the
y
Spring
And Loams in
g
Reception of Seed and Plant s in the are not only meliorated and fweetned
the Sun,
by having
their Crudities exhaled
away by
Wind
&^
t
but
T.,
enabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throuahout the whol wiiuic yvmer, Winter, as well as the genial Heat of the e Sun, Sun
in
Spring
which
;
are the very Life
and Support of
thofe Vegetables that
we
defire
t
to propag
CHAP.
.
y
I
1
•
'4
The Fr u
f
I
T-G A
R D
EN
lUufirated.
^
*
I
\
H
r
the
Principles
is
VEGETABLES.
Salt,
is
well
known
to
Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of
Water, Air, and
Five Principles, ^iz. Sulphur, Volatile
».
Earth, and fince that their Nourifliment
in greateft Part
com-
municated to them
at
their
Roots,
"'tis
very reafonable to believe, that
when
the Earth
is
is
capable of nourifliing and fupporting the
Growth of
Plants, ilie
Principles,
then furniflhed with fufficient Quantities of the
Salt >
firft Fouc
r
/
namely, Sulphur, Volatile
1
Water, and Air.
«
^
W
BY
the preceding Chapter
it
appears, that the
fo are th^y
more or
lefs
Quantity
capable
1
of oily Juices Earths are mixed with,
of receiving Water, Air,
Water, with
For the
Firft
more
or
lefs
&c.
or
For Sand and
than-
Loams, wi
mbibe
muck
having
little
3
Clay and very ftrong Loam5.
Juices, a
no
oily Partic
mit o
a free Entrance
refill
but the Clay and (Irong Loams, having great
,1
"I
Quantities thereof,
the Water's
free
Paffage therein.
j^
(
n
NOW,
they
as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,^.To are
more
or
lefs farniflied
with each of the aforefaid Principles
:
Which
feems to be a wife Order of Nature.
For as Vegetables are differently
compofed of
therewith,
their Principles, fo are the feveral
Kinds of Earths
furnifiied
Soil,
whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to Its proper
rive beft.
wherein 'twill
SUPPOSE
Fifth
Fifth
an
Oak
to
be compofed of equal
Fifth
Principles, viz.
one one
o
Volatile
Salt )
of Sulphur, one
3
Fifth
of Water,
of Air, and
Fifth
of Earth
C
THEN
J
M
THEN
I
N
A:
Or,
the
NourifTiment truly natural to the Oak,
is
of each an
it
equal Quantity : But
lels,
when
thefe Principles are unequally mixt,
is ti
be
more
or
in
any other
Soil,
and the Oak
fplanced
erein
e
Growth
will be retarded proportionabl 5 becaufi y
feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe
qual Mixture of the
of which the
Oak
is
com-
pofed.
HENCE
And
contrarily,
it
is
that Alders,
in
Willow
;
Popl
&
&^
which hav
}
great Quantities
of Water
the
them 9
thrive in hot
and dry Land
cannot thrive
great a
Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach
very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water
ty for their Support,
Qi
which
rather difunites their Principles,
thanVupports
its
them
Soil,
Therefore to be certain
f adapting every Plant to
exacfl Quantities
proper
that's
we muft
'd in
firil
examine the
of each Principle
every Plant
:.
we would
then, if
propagate, as alfo in the Soils
we
in-
tend to cultivat
getables
And
may
we
plant our feveral Soils with fuch
Ve-
whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly
affure our felves
eqiial to thofe
of the
tainty
•
Soils
of Succefs. and work with Cer
whereas what has been hitherto well done
by every one
in Plant
ing and Gardening, has been
I
by mere Chance only
S T
TIS
ment,
therein
3
true,
that thefe Inquiries into Vegetable
ReacK of otdinary Cap
and Time
which
Nature are beyond the nd require abundance of Accuracy, JudgRefearches
but were fuch a
may hinder many from making Work judicioufly compleated, ^twould
and
fuccefsfi
render the
Practice of Gardening certain
IT
I
with no fmall Concer
y
that the great
Hurry of
Bufinefs
Want of Time, have Exp which I
But
if Life permits,
and
prevented the compleating of thefe fo-much wanted lliould gladly have obliged the World with
at th
Inftant, fince they are the very Bafis
I fliall
and LifeVplanting'and
Gardening
very fpeedily accomplifli them
will
which with
e greatefl:
Accuracy and Jufinefs
Lover of Planting and Gardening, may
feveral different
Natures
dQi lahues,
be communicated, that every have a true Underftanding of the and thereby be always certain of
defired Succefs
CHAP,
«r
The
Fru I T-G AR
1
D EN
lUufirated.
-'
w
I «
H
Of the
Moifture contained
in the
III.
Earth, for the ProduHion
and Support of Plants.
-I
Light
ral
imperfed when deprived of any one of the feve Colours, of which 'tis compofed^ which the Prifm exhibits
Vegetables imperfed,
7
fo like wife
wh
when
any
that
o
their
Principles
Principle;
is
wanting.
And
'tis
very probabl
WATER
j
y
moft neceffary
.vantmg, that th the Principles of Volatile Salt,
and
Sulphur, are
Ifo
wanting
For
more
in
reafonable to believe that they
d
in
Water, rather than
Earth
THIS
Vegetables
leaft Afliftance
great meafure
proved by Nature,
who
produces feveral
Spear-mint, and
many
ere
other aquatick Plants, without the
are
of Earth
nay
many
Vegetables that live and
the
thrive
wi
?
GarJenei
Humidity of Air onlyT^BuTmrTntdTurs of Mr. London, Mr, Wife^ and Mr. Carpenter do
the the contrary
Retk'd
•
in general
feem to
a(I(
it,
where the Frenchman fay
they
agree to
" Ton mil allow,
the
with
all the World,
to
that
Heat
3
u Moijiure are a the
Reafon of
u which animates and "
(C
two Principles that give Life Is is, That there is a Kind of
fets it
Vegetables
an
Salt in the
Earth >
upon A6t>
NOW
this
Salt can
have no Influence
unlefs
it
he
diffohed, for
to compofe
whilfi
it is,
as it were^ fetter
it,
d
to the
Earthy and
fer'ves
((
the fame
Mafs with
;
it's
uncapahle of
the
neceffary
to
a a new Production
cc
lut
when
Water has
Salty
and
mingled
feparate
it
with
the
Parts of the Earth, the Parts thus anmated^
to the
Qi
and communicate themfehes
their Nourifhment
U
Root of the Plants that
from them
»
/
CAN'T
I
t
O
•^m^
M
N
A: Or
.>
?
S
••
.^
CAN'T
the Sale
therefore has
lee
wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen
is
confifts.
of Vegetables
volatile,
'
and not a
its
rofs
Body,
and
no
occafion of a DiflTolution to prepare
^
Parts
for th e
Nouridiment of Plants.
t
\
AND again,
then in very hot
fix or feven
if this
vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth,
Seafons,
why
ace of
and dry
when no Rains
tall in
Weeks^ and the Earth becomes
thereof
fo dry as to
be unfit for Veg
tation,
e
mu
periflh
Becaufe that the
Dews
(tho
perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth
deep enough to diflblve the be diffolved, before
it
Salt therein
contained
5
which they fay muft
can do any Thing neceflary to a
feen that Pi
in
new Produdion.
but oftent
is
But
e
contrary
do
perifhj
make new
Proof that
are
Produ(5l
o
very dry Seafons^ which
a convincing
nutritive Sa
m uft
e
tained
Dews which
is
then their chief Support, and not in the dry Earth, which rendered nearly incapable of Adion
then
I
F
thefe
Gentlemen had made Experiments of
their
owri,
and
ftrid
/"
Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have difcover'd many of her furprizing Ways of working.
r
THEY might have
perfpire
1
feen
what Prep
made
in
Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhment ^ when their Roots are pable of communicatin any,
it
the Leaves >
fi
as
om Dews w as to
away when
plentifully fupplied therewith
at
For
all
the Moifture
mbibed
Trees, <^c,
J
their
Roots ;
IS
not wholly im plov'd in
making of Sap
lieved
forming
new
Buds, Branches,
&
as
IS
generally
e
(But
this I fhall fully
handl
Place)— They would
hath
alfo ha\
y
known
the great
Power
th
Ai
Growth o
and
repels in
Vegetabfes
how
State
it
fl:rongly attracts iirongiy attrads
when
in a fix'd hx'd State State,
an
:
How
:
el a ftick
it
helps to diftend their tender dudile Parts, and invig
Its
Sap
And how ?
its
mixing with the other Principl
they
thereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the
getable,
Ve-
whereby
Growth
is
carried
on to the greateft Maturity
r»
;
the
Growth of Vegetables
How
>
is
performed
?
fi
ite
Combination;
volatile
Adion and Re-adion of
their Principl
and
that
the
Salt
and
\
1
I-
s
1
'--
The
\
Fruit-Garden
lUufirated.
and Sulphurous
Particles
of Vegetables, are contained
as they imagin*di
in
Rains and
Dews>
and not a Part of the Earth,
BUT pardon
Subje(5l in
me
for this
long Digreffion^ and
I will
proceed to the
Hand.
1
THE
fhould be
different
Quantity o
in
Moiftur e
effary
for
e
5
Supp
for
o f Pi ants >
I
Proportion to their feveral Natures
lefs,
fome del
in
at
'i.
much, and
others in
&.
therefore
Natu
ably
Depths,
furnifli'd
the Surface of th
Earth with fuch Quantities
^re neceffary to fupport their feveral Natures
AND
little
*tis
obfervable, that
thofe Plants
5
whole Nature
rec|uire
but
ex
Moifture, are fliallow jooted
their
but thofe that delight in much,
tend
Roots to
greater Depths.
HAVE
Support of Pla
made d
periments_, in great Variety df Soils, to
difcover the Quantity of Moiftu
in
Seafc
that
Nat
had
o vided
or the
an
find, that the greateft
3
Quantity
always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surf
tindeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils.
which
AND^the
Reverend Mr. Hales has
5'
alfo
proved the fame,
:
in his
Vegetable Statlch y
m
t
anncr following
ON
the laft
Day
of July,
in the
Ye
714 he dug up
a Cubicle
Garden and his putting in an Alley of Surface the from 5 poot of Earth weighed before he known, was Weight whofe it into a Cubical Veffel,
it
and found
its
Weight equal to
1
Averdupoh. Fourth, one Pounds 04
the from Earth of Cubical Foot a fecond up dug he done, THIS And Ounces fix Pounds 06 was I Weight whofe } firft, the of Bottom which fecond, the of Bottom the from Foot Cubical third a laftly.
:
weighed
1 1
Pounds
+
one Third.
but below
THESE
run
Brick-Earth good a were Depth in three Feet
3
then did Springs the which under depth, Feet two of them a Gravel
ighcd weig
^ *i
i
»'
;
A
4
/ I
•f-
^f^
^^m^
lO
O
I
M
N
Or
9
F
found and Water Rain of Foot Cubical a wejVlied 3
is
its
Weight to
half
^
which AiHerdupohy Pounds nearly be 50
the fpecifick
/
very
littl e
more
Gravity of Earth
:
But Spring-water
Nature o
is
oftentimes fomething
heavier, according to the different
the Earth or Mineral
from
which
it
fpring
AFTER
were
laid
thefe three feveral Cubicle Feet
in,
of Earth were weighed, they
5
that
their
Moifture might be the fooner exhaled
firft
and
and
twas found, that
when
Cubick Foot was become
>
fo dry
dufty as to be unfit for
Vcg
is
it
had
loft
fix
Pounds
Bulk
+
eleven
Ounces of Water, which
',
near one Eight Part of
its firft
*
L
r
THE
was
of
left
its
fecond Cubick Foot being not fo dry
when
the
firft
was weighed,
Pounds
fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had
,
loft ten
Weight.
THE third Cubick Foot being
Ounces,
121%^
very dry, had loft eight Pounds
its firft
+ eight
one Seventh Part of
Bulk.
FROM
decreafed in
thefe
Experiments
it
appears,
That
the fecond
Cubick Foot
Weight
firft
the moft, (but indeed 'twas
fome fmall Matter dryer
than either the
or third) and confequenrly contained as
J-
much
or
more
Moifture than that next below
it.
And
'tis
obferveable,
that the
Roots
that
of moft Plants that are of a large and quick Growth,
poffefs
Depth, probably, becaufc
in that
Depth the Juices are meliorated and
deeper>
made
fitter for
the Nourifliment of Plants, than thofe that are
which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un
prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables.
BUT
Strata
s is
notwithftanding
that
Moifture in the
next lower
yet
'tis
not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants
it
abfolutely neceffary that
fliould
be there in
Store, to fucceed that
which
is
imbibed and perfpired away by Plants^
as they
advance in Growth
:
For
if there
was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly afcending,
5
'twould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons
appear
which will
when
I
come
to demonftratc the (Quantities of Moifture
imbibed
and
perfpired
by
Plants.
^
AND
rf
\
The
R U
I
T
GA
_
R.
D EN
Illujirated.
II
AND
Lands
*
it
is
from
thefe Supplies
of Moifture, that deep
Soils fupport
their Plants in
very dry Seafons, when thofe on fliallow dry-bottom'd
perifh
:
For tho' the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas
is
r+
not
fit
for
f
the Nourifliment of Plants,
when
'tis
very
eep, yet as
it
alcends an
comes nearer to
the Surface,
better
prepared,
and
at length
made
fie
for their Reception.
THE
Moifture
d
in the
lower Strata
IS,
in
lome mea
th
>
d by the attradive
Force of Vegetables
e firft,
\
Pow
which
the Sun, as
laft
is
we
as
im bibing
5
undoubtedly much ftronger
i
have g Tree having a very
Woods with abound greatly which » becaufe thofe Countries o Roots the For planted are thofi Rai
:
imbibing Force
o
up
nd imbibe
away perfpiring continually are they which great Quantities of Moifture,
their
'^.
L
thereby furnifli the Atmofpl
>
with
Q
Two
Feet
tities
d cannot Lands unplanted which of Water,
Earth the ate penetr freely obfervable that Rains will
7
TIS
deep freely feldom but deep,
therefore at that
w
Depth
alfo,
:
there
is
contained
Water Rain the only not
as
'tis
at
the Spring Water
in fuch
Quantity
raifed
by
the
Two attractive
!i cnoien
Powers
not
aforefaid
Which Depth
Na
the
^'
to-h wifely feems
ly that the genial
Heat of
Nourifliment for the MoiftuTe fit rancid crude the prepare there can Sun drying Winds, and the Sun, of Rays fcorching the Vegetables, but
of
exhale prefently cannot
away
Plants deprive to fo as Moifture, neceflary the
of their Support.
\
r
% Hales Mr. read them let Moift of Afcenfion the doubt D IF any explained the Man thus Having and Pag. 55 Vegetable Statkhy 54
Moifture with Plants fupplying of Nature's
in hot
it
and dry Seafon
J
from the
loweft Strata
r—
s
of the Earth
5
perhaps
mayn't be amifs
if I
fliould fpeak a
Word
or tw
very arc which in relation to Dews,
.1^
re
freOiing to Plants in dry
and hot Seafo
BY
Pag. 5J.)
5. Jugujl made 1 an Experiment Earthe glazed two that ^^ appears,
by Mr. Hales {vide
Pans
his
Statlch
which were three
pretty
Diameter Inches twelve Inches deep, and
with fiU'd Surface, in
moift
1
4
.
i
.
f
-•
r
4
M
12
moin: Earth: increafcd in
the next
M
Day
to,
A: Or
?
and Grains, 180 Night's Dew. one Weight by J
Ounce
4-
decreafed
iSi
Grains.
And
that nothing
might add
or fubtrad from, the Accuracy of
this curious
and
ufeful
I
Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe
two
Pans, in
two
r
other broader Pans,
prevent any Moifture flicking to their
the Quantity of
Bottoms J which mi
it
make
Dew
fallen,
feem to be greater than
adually was
AND
'twas found that a greater Quantity of
Dew
drier,
fell
on
that Earth
which was
m oft moi
5
than on that which was
and more than a
For
double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth.
the Particles
of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do
greater Force, than
attract each other
with a
much
Earth and 2)e'W do,
that are Hetero-
geneous.
cc
THE
is
Evaporation of a Surface of Water in a Winter^s
Day of nine
<c
Hours,
time
an Inch, of
Ice fet in the
Shade for the fame Space of
iC
n
of an Inch.
NOW
You
The
if
from the above Quantity evaporated
I
y6i
180
Grains,
which
;
are equal to
Ounce
receiv'd
282 GrainsJ
in
fubtrad the
Difference
Dew
one Night
is
Jg2
is
This Difference of 5 8 1 Grains
the extraordinary
Quantity evaporated
from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 2 1 Days
is
near
i6 Ounces.
)
For
T*:,.
582
the Quantity daily evaporated y
Multiply'd
V
by
21
the
Number
of Days
1
582
11(^4
\
The
Produft
is
12 2 22
Grains.
And
f
:
•
t
K-
\
/
ir
t
!^^
T The Fr u I -G A R D E N
lUufirated.
13
Atid fince
480
Grains
is
equal to one
as follows.
Ounce,
therefore
divide
the
Produft 12222, by 480,
480)12222(25 Ounces*
960
2^22
2400
22 2
but 258
Grains, fliort
Grains remaining, which are
to
of an Ounce
complete,
make
the
whole
%6 Ounces.
/
NOW
But
to
find
e
Quantity of Moift
exhal c
rom 1
greater
Quantity of Ground, as a Rod, Acre,
that every thing
&c. we mud
I
proceed as follows
the
3
may
be fully
clear'd,
will
go through
whole
for the
Operation, that every
i
one may
have a perfed Underflanding
Knowledge thereof
is
of very great Importance to a good Gardener. one Foot Diametery
The
circular
Area before mentioned.
Inches
bein
its fuperficial
Quantity^n
may be
thus found,
m%.
Square the diameter
Jaji
Ifjbtr-^
hven^and dhiding
he the
the
¥rodu£i
hy fourteen^ the
^otient will
Area required.
'*
'^
EXAMPLE.
\
*
,"»'
/
• 1
J
H
MON
EXAMPLE.
The Diameter
Multiplyed by
Or,
\
12 Inches. 12
r-
24
12
\
The
firft
Produa
is
44
1
Which multiply by
^
'44 144
i
•-.y*
^^
The 2d Produd
which divide by
1
4)
I
J
84(1
1
3
I
The Quotient, which
is
the
Num-
I
14-
ber of Iquare Inches in the Area
or Circle, whofe Diameter was
018
one Foot, or twelve
Inches.
H
i
044 4*
02
qual to
Seventh
t
remains^ which
is
equal to tI of the Divifor i
THE fecond Work
Foot: Which
J
is
)
to find the
Number of fquare
Inches in a fq
multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produd wiUbe
known by
qual to
which 44;
is
the
Number of
fquare
Inches contained in a
Foot
EXAM9LE.
\
The
Fruit-Garden
X A M<P
11
Inches
Side
lUufirated.
'5
of a
Scjuare
Foot
Multiply'd
by
12
one o
other Sides.
24 120
\
The Produd
144
Which
are the Square Inches in a Square
Foot as required.
THE third
Rod,
a
half,
Work
is
to find the
Number
of Square Feet
in a
1
Square
Pole, or Perch, which are alfo found
(the
by multiplying
a-
6 Feet and
Number of
is
Feet
the
contained in
Rod
in
Length) by the
fame, and their Product
Number
of Square Feet required.
X
Feet:
M'P
Inches.
E.
16
16
06 06 00
96
00
00
o
o
'
^
The Produa
t7%
o
Which are
the Square Feet con-
tained in one Square
Rod
as
required.
dR^^
AND
culation
I
as
an Acre of Land contains
be made
for
1
60
Poles i or Rods, the Cal
may
any Quantity required.
AS
for
Example
>
A SQUARE
contains
Pole (whofe Sides are feverally equal to \6 Feet
1
39204
Square Inches, which being divided by
of the Area 13,
the Circular Foot, omitting the Fradion, the Quotient
1
is
^^6 \^
a,
AND,
I
•
'*l
*-
^
*
I
;
%
i<5
M
AND,
evaporated from
has been proved,
N
that in i
\
Or
>
F
1
I
Day
6 Ounces were
multiply therefore Foot^ Circular one
in
46 3
(the
Number
\
o
^
Circular Feet
one Square Rod)
1
(the
Quantity evaporated
«
2 in Circular Foot a of Surface from the
Days) and the
Produa
will
be 895x5, which
is
are that evaporated Ounces of Quantity the very near
from the Surface of one
Rod
21
Day
1
IF
Spjxi be divided
,
\6^ (the
Ounces
in
a Pound J'verdupoh)
V
the Quotient will be 5 6 2 1
the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated.
IF we admit, that one Pound of Water
eafily
>
is
equal to one Pint,
:
we may
reduce the
the
562 ^ Pounds
into Gallons
For 5(^2 being divided
is
Number
of Pints in a Gallon 3 the Quotient
26
the |f,
Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square
Rod
in 2
1
Days.
NOW
\J
ly
the Rule of Proportion
11^1
:
IF, in 21 Days_,
8996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod 7
1
what Quantity
is
evaporated from the fame Surface in 1
Days
>
ANSWER.
IF
428 Ounces,
equal to 2<J Pounds iz Ounces, equal
clucc Quarterns
to three Gallons^ one Quarf,
and
N.
B.
the judicious
Gardener does
'weJl conjider
thh,
he twill
le eaftly led into the Reafons of ivatering Plants in dry Seafons.
NOW,
Rod.
I
feeing that
we have
obtained the daily Evaporation of
n)iz.
will
is
proceed to a further Enquiry,
the- Space
Wh
3
Quantity of
I
1
Moifture
the
1
evaporated in
of a whole Summer
i
which
begin at
5 th
of May, and end
at the
i
jth of 05ioh
containing
54 Day
Br
'
the
Rule
Proportion
:
IF, from the Surface of one Rod,
will
428 Ounces
are evaporated
one
Day, what Quantity
be evaporated from the fame Surface
%i
Days
154
?
%
ANSWER
i<
The
Fr
u it-G
ard
e
N"
Illufirated,
-•T'^
-
-I
ANSWER.
J14
Gallons,
Sm
65912 Ounces,
equal
to 41 19
Pounds
•i
|
>
c qual to
Pi inc, equal to 14 Barrels,
•
10 GallonsJ
Pint.
m--^
—
a^
«!#
NOW
in the
t
—
to
n
e
Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acre,
3
fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule
%^iz.
1*
IF
1
fro
m
^
the Surface of one
Rod, 65912 Ounces
TV
are
evaporated in
Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an 54
1
Acre (viz.
60 Rods)
in the
fame
Time
?
ANSWER.
to
1
20 Ounces, equal to ^J9i 20 Pounds, equal 59 6 J4
82390
Gallons, equal to
2^16
4
Barrels,
14 Gallons.
i
NOW,
\
as
have
this Calculation,
is
let
us proceed
a
little
Further,
face
and enquire what Depth of Water
evaporated from the Sur-
of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof
-
may
be given foe
the preceding Calculation.
.»
J
t
ir
NIC. Crugmus
(C
C(
{as
Mr. Hales
obferves, p. 55.)
N^
581. of the
'PhiloJbphkaJ Tranfa6iionSy found that 2 8 Inches Depth evaporated in
a whole
Year from
Water .
in
/. e.
tt of an Inch each Day, at a
^^J•
me^n
iC
Rate
5
3
but the Earth,
fo the
a Summer's Day, evaporated
is
Part of an
r
u Inch
cc
of a Surface
/ of Earth in Summer,
of an Inch
there will
Evaporation of a Surface of Water
as ten
is
to th e Evaporation
ir
I
to three.
4
j-^
FOR
fince that ^l
is
evaporated daily from Water,
entire Inch in
is
'the re
fore, in twelve
Days,
in
be one
Depth evapoi^atcdj
the Length of a
and confequently
144 Days, (which
much about
Summer) one
do not
fall
entire
Foot in Depth, .provi<led that Rains were not, or
in that
Time,
From
this
we may
eafily
"^
account for the
Wafte of Water
*'
in ftagnant Fiflhponds,
n
Canals, &4:.
-
L
}
\
BUT
fince that the Earth
doth evaporate but
^ of an Inch in
a
Day,
therefore one entire Inch in
Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days.
AND
as
the
firft
Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding
Exp
the
ment 3 had wafted
Cubick Inches of Water, which ?4
der'd
Earth
N
s.
X
i8
Eanh
1
V
M
Vegetation
3
N
40 Days,
Or
i
5
^
unfit for
therefore if
from one Foot
'tvyill
S(]iiare th
^
5 3
44
Cubical Inches evaporated in
rend
:
req
P^ys
9
to
porate 15^4 Inc
forefaid
Earth as
rv
nfit for
V^g
Which
5 2
Day
f
,
is
about the one third Part ot a
thout Rain
full
f(
Summer
Ion
5
and
'tis
always feenj that when
aSpace
of Time, the Surface of the Earthy for a
Foot
in
Depth,
fo very dry 5
be unfit
1
for
V^g
V
\
BY
Gall
the preceding Calcul
ith as
een dcmonftrated
in
i
That
y
5H
were evaporated from one
Rod of Ground
/
Day 54
in
the Evaporation of 40 of an Inch
thi iin
Day,
it
appears to be fome
e
(tho'
very
little)
more.*
I will
demonft
..
ame
the fol
v-^
Operation g
;
SINCE
that
two Square Feet contain
288 Square
Inch
Inches,
which
f
iporated in
40 Days,
an
88
Cub
.4.
being equal
contains
1
one
Square
Gallon /"'tis evident that one Sq
Inches^ being taken at
Foot
44
one Inch
in
Depth,
is
equal to
two Quarts, or
qual
half
Gallon
5
and confequcntly 27
evaporate in
is
Sq
•%'
Feet 43 (which
^
Rod) doth
one Foot, which
Quarts
^*
40 Day
545
>
t?
times i the
Quantity of
Gallons one
eau
to
Quarts,
qual to
See
?
\
e qual
^f
*
Barrels i
d one Q\
tJie
Op
The
Cubical Inches
in
one Gallon
1
88
The
Cubical Inchgs in two Quarts
Square Foot.
in 'a Square
1
44
e quallo the
Square Inches
in a
The Number of Feet
Which multiply by
Rod' 27
2
!
•- V
4
-
-
..-,
the Quarts contained
Square Foot, at one Inch in Depth
5
*
dud
tiplied
^
^
<
V
544
'-
.To which add
\..
I
r
'
for the
4
of a Foot mul
'i-
by
2, equal to I
is
-
Foot ;
qiial
to one Quart.
And'
The Produd
S.
545
Quarts, the Quantity
pora ted from one
Rod
of Ground in
tlie
Sp
of 40 Day
NOW
i,j«»
\
u.
^r
•*«
K.^
>
*
r
t'-
V
^he F R u
I
T-G A
R
D^
N.
Illujlrated.
rp
NOW divide '54
I
J
by
the In a Gallon Quarts 4,
3
1.JL-
4)545(1
J
(5
f
the
Number
of Gallonsi
I
4'-
*
It
*'w-
J
15
i«iA.
r
I
ILemainaer, equal to oik Quart
NOW
Surface
r
fay,
If in
40 Days
ij6 Gallons
are
evaporated from the
of one Rod, how many
are evaporated in
154 Days
?
ANSWER.
aforefaid.
51 j
by appear will which I,
mtilti|)lying
ij4 by 1565
as be.ji} will Quotient the by Produd: thek }, 40^ and dividing
"^
See the Operation.
_
^
\
,^
THE
As 40
is
Proportion
is
thi IS
5
:,
40
to
:
:
1^6
:
154
:
523
:
5
that
is
>
-a,
.f
i3<^,
.
ici_k_i54 to 523
Therefore place your
as following
—
Numbers
40
:
136
:
:
154 136
:
^13
(Tf
<^
k\ 4
014 462 '54
^u r
^^
The Produd. which
divide
by 40)20944(5x3 2CO
• •
1
I-
N
94
80
144 120
»
fr-
V
24
"
tl
or, to equal Remainer, ||,
or
-rf,
ot 1.
NOW,
-:n.
*^
\
%
20
M
if
N
Or
?
*
NOW,
we compare
this
Quantity thus obtain^, with the other
:
before obtain'd,
wc
fliall
find their Differenee to be inconfiderable
I
The
Gallons before found to evaporate from one Days, were
Rod
in
1
54
5H
5^?
The
Gallons
now
-
found
-
at 40
of an Inch per 2)iem for 154
1
Days
The
Difference
is
Therefore the Evaporation of Earth
as before laid.
is
nearly
^ of
an Inch in a Day,
^.E.
2).
ACCORDING
Mr. HaJeSj p,
<c
to the Experiments of the
Reverend and Learned
6. it J
appears
is
" That
the Quantity of
Rain and Dew,
which
falls in a
Year,
at a
Medi
11 Inches
V
^
V
cc iC
THE
+
Day
Quantity of the Earths Evaporation in arYearr ,
is
is,
at leaft.
I
9
Inches, fince that
the
Rate
at
which
it
evaporates in a
Sum-
cc
mer'
ic
FROM which p
a ting
-f i Inches;- are to
i
a
c
be deduced
5.
?p In hes
for
De
remains
6.
Which
fell s
2 Jnch
dedu(5led
from
lead
the
Quantity of Rain which
:>
in
-^
a Year, there remains at
fit
<(
6 Inches Depth
'^
plenifli
the
u
Earth with Moifture
for
\
t>
d
to fupply the Springs
and Rivers
Depth of Water, with which the Earth is S 6 replenift'd and Springs and Rivers fupplied, would be all evaporated in
I
1
,
I
TH
Inches
\
of 6^0
Day
the Spac(
is
but
Year
nine Months, three
and three Days, were the Earth
Week s
eafily
t^i
fo long without Rains
«,. we
would
So
the
whole World be
deftro ya^ wer. deftroy-d. were
continual circulating Bleffings of -Rain and appears by the following Calculation
:
„.. .„ . not to receive thofe
Dew
The Truth of which
IT
for
has already been proved,"that
rattd in
aa Inch Depth of Water
,
is
evapor
therefore tnuitiply
6, the Inches
e
Support of Springs, c^,. by
Depth o
Water
40 >
Number
o
Da
that one
Inch
T
t
>
1
The
\
Fruit-Garden
the
lUuftratel
2f
wl
being
Inch
divided
evaporating, and
Produd
Week,
be 6±
Day
1
by 7,
the Days in a
the Quotient will be
Weeks T i
equal to one Year, nine Months. three Weeks^ and three
Day
The Days
I
that
one Inch deep
c
Is
evaporating away, are
40
Inch
The mean Depth of Water
the
in the
Earth > for
Supp
Rivers, Springs, Plants^
&.
46
•-
/
w 4
The
to
)
Produ(5t
:
Which
divide
by
7)640(9 1 Weeks,cqual
one Year, nine Months^ and three Weeks.
16
7
Days remain*
Now,
whilft that \6 Inches deep
arc evaporating
five Inches,
from the Earth >
was fhewn,
f(
there will be at the
fame time,
foiir Feet,
$
| Depth of Water
it
evaporated from Seas and Rivers
for (as before)
1
that
Inch Depth of Water was evaporated in
divide 640, (the
rating out
2
Day
>
we
is
Number
of
Day
Inches of Water
It
evapo
of the Eartli>^h^i_4
2^ (the Day
one Inch
c
is
evaporating
Tj
om
the
the Surface of the Water)
that
U
which
Depth of Water
would be evaporated
in
640 Day
t
a)^4o( J 3 i
Inches Depth
60
40
-
-/^
Remains, equal to
^.
A
WE
is
having gone
ro fuch Parts that' have
'
inform
us
ow
to
account for the Quantity of Water that
is
daily evaporated
by
the Sun,
that
&c. we
lliould
now
of Moifture Quantity the of fome Notice take
imbibed from the Earth,
by
the Roots, and
perfpired
away
thro' the
Leaves of Plant?.
FOR
/
;
*
>
..
22
M
FOR
thereby
N
A:
Or
7
we
fliall
whatMoifture determine to able be
Care
is
fuffi
committed Vegetable every of Support for the
different their in contained Beauties the great
behold
Natures and Conft
the Sun-Flower 3
herein
;
THE
P
Experiment
will
mad
*'
Mr, Hales on
a yery great
Vegetable Stattch)
obferv'd,
g
Help
was th
a
That
the Space of
Ground
that
its
Roots occupied, evaporated
in
fomething more than
ten Pounds,
and two Ounces,
V
the Space of
i
x
Days, and
th
Plant imbibed at the fame time
r
-
Pound s 3
:
therefore th
e
Quantity evaporated an
occupied about four
And as imbibed was 19 Pound Moift ure u bical Feet of G ;
was more
it)
Roots
w ailed
have
\ oo
/
I
Evap
and Perfp
Earth w^ould
in the Space of
porated (had no Sun-Flower been planted in
Days and upwards.
Pint>
f
-
For as
are
we
Pints
allow
5
Pound of Water
fince that
to
a
e
Pounds 3 9
9 3
and
one Pint contains
Cubical Inches, therefore 39 contains 1404
39
F
*—
J.-
'I
«»«
2 34
117
f.
Fro dud:
1404
the
Number
21 Day
of Cubical Inches
of Moifture wafted from four Cubical Feet
AND fince that the
(the Surface
Surface or Superficial Content of four Square Feet
is
of four Cubical Feet)
equal to 57 (i Inches 5 therefore divide
will
1404, by 576, and the Quotient
be 2 ||| equal to
18^
which
is
fomething more than 2 Inches | in Depth, which requires more than 1 00 Days for its Evaporation.
V...
\
44
Multiply'd
the Inches in the upper Surface the
of
i
Cubical Foot
by
is
Number of
divide
Cubical Feet
The Product
57^.
By which
1404
four*
57^5)1404(2 jf
The Depth on
Cubical Feet 5
1152
*-K^
35^
Remainder, equal to
H when reduced.
NOW
V
•
^
The
H U
I
T
Ga R.D
E
N
Illufirated.
2
KOW feeing that the Sun-Flower imbibed the Moifture
three times the Velocity that the
with very ncai
is
Sun evaporated
•
it^
viz. as lo
to
2p
»
which
is
very near
as
one
is
to three
when we water
the Sun-Fl
IS
vety dry Seafons,
porated
we
fliould allow four times th
Moift lire
to be near
cva
r
by
5
tl
Sun. which befo
Pints
was proved
j
27
Pints
Red And
njtz-
which
is
e qual
to
Gallons
2)iem
r^
like
of
all
other Vegetables^ in Prop
to their different
Powers of Perfp
I
F
all
the
beft
Kinds of
truits
were planted
in Pots,
*
and covcr'd
with Lead, as
eafily
very might Sun-Flower, we die of Experiment in the
Icnow
theit different
Powers of imbibing and
perfpiring
:
But then
Plants >
Care mufl
be taken to proportion the
Magnitude of the
vera
^s near e qual as
o Weights the make and to be. can
5
the feveral Pots
and Earth equal
that
by
giving each Plant an equal Quantity of Waref y
the Difference
we may
their
every Evening
fee the Qiiantities perfpired^
of
Weights.
I
TO
Growth,
be very
accurate in
thefe
Experiments,
'tis
neceflary to
ve,
make
Years
Experiments on
that
one 5
difi
two >
with
thr
four >
diff(
&c.
we might
'<
w
hat
Force they
im
bibe and perfpir
y
adv^rtTccNel-in^
d
thei r
Sap- Veffels harden
>
And when we
Plants,
thus inform'd of the different Powers of Pcrfp
L
may, by comparin
their
Magnitudes with the Magnitudes of other
alfo
know
their Perfpirations
AND
while
rees
fmce
L
Pla of Perfpiration the
wi
be found to b
different as the
Deg
Heat and Cold
again
3
'twould be well worth
to
place
Thermom
our PI
know what De
gainfl thofe
o
Heat cau fed
fuch and fuch Perfp
And
Plants, thofe of Perfpirations the placed were Degrees feveral
at all
w m
derful
an won great very for thofe account and behold afterwards times Entertainment continual a be wi i of Nature which
Op
tions
7
w ell
our
DireAory
Plants and
alfo,
v^
when and how we
and dry Seafo
are to reliev
Fruits,
in hot
y^^
2
BUT
^
24
M
BUT
Spring
as
A: Or
?
m
Experiments o
bferv'd thro'ouc
th
a
Natur
be
I
Lin
in
the
an
willi
whole Summer,
therefore
d
it
(Go
o
to
begin
this
:
Work
after
the .next Spring, an
I will
continue
thro out the whole
Summer
which
an
communicate
my
Obfervations
delicrht,
ereon, for the^Pleafu
are concern
Improvement of
thofe th
and
d in thofe
Planting of Amufements innocent
and Gardening.
n
I
IV.
*
Of
the
Manner
.-^
that
Nature fupports
^
10
Plants
oj
with
Moifture, and
its Effects on the
Growth
Trees.
..•»
LA NTS
Springs,
'are
fupporte^ with Moifture 3
receive
at
their
Rains y
Bark,
Dews)
&c, which
*.^
BudSj and
Leaves, as well as at their Roots
IN warm
\
and dry, or hot
dry
Day
5
they
receive Iheir
Nou
Trees
?
r ifhment
at their
Roots only, becaufe that then they
at their
are in a perfbiring
j
State,
and therefore muft be fupported
Roots only
at
for
&
pen
the
A
:
3
bibe and perfpire
in
their
Lea
&c
fame time
But
an Evening, when the Heat of the
their perfpiring
Day
then they are changed from
to
a ftrongly im-
bibing State
imbibing plentifully the
Dew
and Rain, when any happ en )
Moifture of the Earth at
their
at their Leaves
and Bark J
as well
as
Roots.
/
IF
difpute or doubt the
Perfpiration
of
Plants, let
them read
Mr. Hakss Vegetahle
derftood
Stat'ich, which,
in fad, fliould be read and well
every one that would underftand
the Reafons of their
feveral Opetations in
Gardening 2
IN
%f
%
^.
JtV
.alfqi>»<H^>l»
iifJI^-
.-
The
"~V
Fru it-Garden
the' Perfpiration
IHuJirated.
25
^^
i
£
I
N cool or wet Days,
and hot Days
5
of Plants
is
not
great, as
>
in
nay, very
they have
no
Perlp
but
bibing State, efpecially in
warm wet Weather
Trees become
AND when cold wet Weather continues a long while,
faturated with Moifture
for
5
and then
it is
that their Sap
is
full
of Crudities,
their Fruits
want of a drying Air
to perfpire
it
away, which renders
immature, with
infipid Taftes
THIS
therefore.
is
manifefted
this
when wet and
only Reafon^
^tis
cold
Summers
app
3
even for
abfolutely neceflary.
that
le
Branches of Trees fhould be kcp
Air as
is r
very
m
3
as
et in
•
much
«
perfpire
away
*p
the Crudities
of the Sap
• ^
THIS
their
is
the real Caufe of the lower Branches of Trees, which ftand
r^-r
thick together in a
Wood,
being dead, or very near Ky
r
»
w
hilfl:
thofe
on
very
Tops
are in a thriving healthy State.
t
FOR notwithftanding that the lower Branches are
and confequently
receive
their
neareft to the
Root,
Sap before thofe
at
the
Top,
yet for
want of
i'
free
drying Air, they cannot perlpire away the Crudities thereof,
but, being
fat uTat cd ' t h crc
wk^
at lengthy peri fli
5
whilft
thofe
on the
Root,
a free enjoy always which Tops, much. expand and freely, perfpire
fiom
the
And on
the
contrary, Trees that
ftand fingle,
have
their
largeft
and ftrongeft Branches next the Roots,
and
the very weakeft at their
Tops
5
for fuch Trees having a free Perfirft
their Parts, their all in fpiration
lower Branches are
furnifh'd
with
lafl:
Sap,
vhich renders
them ftronger than
thofe that are higher, and
ferved.
And
7
•
tis
rom
of
this
that
Foteft
Trees acquire
their
beautiful
\
Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably Ipent, in
the feveral Stages
their lateral
Branches, as they afcend in Heighch.
AND
'tis
as
every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them
therefore that they
become naked, and only produce Leaves
at their
Ends
if the
as in
e Cafe of Trees planted clofe together in a Wood.
But
middle
thin of
of Trees
are kept open, as
all
Dwarf Trees
in
Gardens, or very
free Peripi-
Wood,
then
their
feveral
Branches will have a
H
ration
/
Jff-
26
all their Parts,
M
Shoots.
V
N
Or
full
>
and confcquently be
of Buds, Leaves y
THIS
come
I
ad vife. my Readers to confid ^r well^
I
for hereon
depends
hole Succefs of our
to lay
/
Labou
which
fhall fully
demonftrate whe
down
the Reafons
and Manner of Pruning
BY
.
the preceding
Account
it
appears,
That
'tis
very Beneficial to
water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening,
Seafons are very dry.
when
/
The
Statich y
20th Experiment of Mr.
iffi?/(?^,
r
mention^'d
in
his
Vcgetalh
is
p
its
TI
3
at
two
is 5
Feet
Depth
the
Heat
as
fiderable
and conftant
that
the
fame
by Night
O
by
are
Day
con
7
/
d that by
ftrong Influence }
s^
Qt
during the
Moiftu
lly raifed
r
cc
from the lower Strata
of
warm Summer
Seafon,
the Support
e
The
Impulfe of the Sun-Beams givin
Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated Motion, which watry
IC
Particles,
*
when
feparated and ratified
enter the
by Heat, do
afcerid
Form of
a Vapour, and vigoroufly
Roots of Plants
9
THEREFORE
very realb
(as this
Gentleman
*
further obferves, *. 66.)
t)S
eijeve
That
the Roofs of Vegetables are thus,
by
Means of
the Sun s genial Heat, continually watered with
:
new
Suppl
of Moifture
the
For
if
the
Humidity of
the Earth
did not thus afcend
Roots of Vegetables muft
fro
receive all the Nourifliment
which they
m
in
Earth, merely
thofe Shells of
by knbibin
the next adjoining Moiftur c
their
contain'd
if
Earth which enclofe
Roots
•
and
why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow always fo
fo,
:
in
Earth
root
very (hallow, would be as
foon perifh'd for
^
want of Moifture,
Tubs, fuch
as the
as thofe in
fame Plants when they are planted in larcre which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms
preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the
Moifture
d more
in
the Earth of the
Tub, and
perifli
if
not fupplied with
AND
V
k
TJje
FrU I T-G AR'D EN
(as this
lUufirated.
'iiP'
27
AND again,
poffible
Gentleman
further obferves) if Plant
were not
it
thus fupph'ed with Moifture from the
Strata
Sj
how would
be
f?»U
them
to
fubfift
in
very hot Latitudes, as thofe within >
i
o
or
Degrees of the Equinodial Line, where they are often without
llain for
y
Mon
genial Heat
THEREFORE
of
the
Sun being in Conjundion
with the Attradion of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture is raifed > imbibed d carried up thro' the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and
thcrice paffing into the Leaves,
it is
there
moft vigoroufly
dulating
atfled
up
thoHe
thin
Plat
4
y
an
it is
put in
an
Motion by
off,
the
Sun
^^'armth, where by
their SurR
3
moft
plentifully
it is
thrown
and pcrfpired thro
whence,
as foon as
difentangled J
mounts with
great
Rapidity into the Air
NOW,
1
from what
9
•
is
here deliver'd y
tlS
ain,
That
eep
and
ftrong-bottom'd Lands, which
ways abound with
are the only
:
great Quantities o
to
Moifture in
their
lower Strata
5,
Lands which we are
make
Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits
PP
ill
That when hot and dry
Seafons
/
•n,
they
may
be able to
fubfift
without great Labour and Expencc
\Vatering,\
which muft be
S^'ih^
at thofe Seafons
when we
plant in fhallow,
dry-botrom^
/"ucJi
as Saq^js. Gravels,
&c.
-Lli-Jf.^
y
p.
/
\
/
)
-^
«MI'
28
FO M
'El..
N
Or 7
i»
/*•
H
Of
the
V.
of
GkowTh
V
and
Maturity
after
plants
•t
HE
its
firft
Operation of Nature,
Win
is
Seed
necefTary for
Vegerable, is to imbibe as
much
Moifture as
Germination, whereby
it
fwells
with very great Force.
This Force Mr. Hales has proved, in
his
Experiment on Peafe, which he
put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves they 7
raifed
1
84 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Statlch,
p 94
p
NOW
Qiiantity
r
7
feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient
of Moifture,
late in
'tis
no wonder
:
that
rops are produced,
hen fown
dry Seafons
Therefore the o
Maxim
of fowins
feems to be a Miftake xcept in Lands that are naturally very y
AND
e
ell
fince
that Seeds
dilate
:
themfclv
Soil
'
with very great Force ac
Germination
meliorated
eretore ch
by
digging,
&c,
of
wherein they are fow'd fiiould not only for their free Dilatations,
Plumes, or
firft
but
for the
more
eafy Penetration
their tender
firft
leading
Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or
fhooting Roots y
e
wi
their
fubfeq
Fibres3
in
the Earth.
'tis
For when
that
Radicles
cannot freely penetrate the Earth,
fufficient
impoffible
they can imbibe
Moifture necefTary for the Produftion of good Plants.
N
N
IF
any
Sieji\
to
to
e
Genmnatton of Seed
them read
tformd homo Nature operates ft om the the Formation Biidi Shoot &c. let
Mr.
Hales'5 Vegetable Statick
}^9yU9 J
?5
THE
latation
Shoots or Branches of Trees
their
produced by the gradual Di
for all
and Extenllon of
Buds
;
Branches and Fruits are
form'd in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear ~
when
fliUy
grown.
V
SOME
The
RU IT-G A RD EN
I
rated.
n
20
Fruits 5
SOME
4
Kinds of Fruits difcover
their
Embrio Shoots, and
within the Bud^ vifible to the naked Eye, without the Help of a Microfcope
3
as
the
Bud of a Mulberry,
with
its
It
thr:o
om
the .Vertex to
its
Bafe, exhibits the Fruit
next adjoining Leaves, which Nature
V
has carefully placed^ not only to wrap up and prefer ve the tender Fruit
the away fpirc Nourifliment, and per Cold, to^attrad during the Winter's
Crudities of the Sap, but to expand themfelves
preferve the tender Sap-Veffels of the Fruits,
i
in fuch
Manner,
fo as to
during their Growths, fro
the Sun.
m
the drying
Winds and
fcorching
Rays of
THE
Nature to the proportionable always are Branches Growth of
in
¥^
of the Seafon
which they are ptpduced.
Si
Wet
Springs
foft
do always pro1
duce the lonseft and largeft
becaufe their
dudile Parts do
State tender moift a in longer continue then
in a
dry
e
ig the
>
Fibres
foon harden, and
flop
the
further
Growth o
>
Shoot
their
Sap-Veffels being dried
by
their great Perfp
fed
by
the
is
ordinary Heat
Th
5
n.loft
enial
Heat
r
Englljh Plants
the
^
from
-*
7 to
2
o Deg
which Heat generally happ
Plants in general flourifh moft
Month
*¥ f
May
and June^ when
COLD
than
cold
in the
Spring has
3
wor
Effect
on
the tender Parts of Shoots >
Autumn
for
a have Plants of the young Shoots g
in
Quantity or Proportion
f Salt and Water
them
at their Spring,
than
Autumn,
they a
more
liable to
be
injured "by
Cold ^han
their
in the
Autumn, wh
o
they are in
advanced Age, and
their
Quantity
:
to proportionable Oil increafed
Deg
ee
of Maturity
For the
is,
*
great
Work
of Nature
together
in
bringin
Fruits
and Seeds
the
to Maturity,
a(5tive
to
c ombi le
in a
due Prop
more
and noble
its
and Sulphur of Principles
fined State,
It.
A
?
that conft
Oil, which, in
moft
And
the
Salt and Earth of Degree fome without found is never thofe are rm more the Maturity this more perfed >
*
^
Principles
ited
Vide Vegetable
Statkh
22.
FROM
in a dry
what has been
D>
deliver'd in refpeft
the
Growth of Shoots
ppears.
That
1
weak
oftentimes then are Trees
frefhed with Watering
greatly
E
fo as to. keep
'twill fupple, Parts their foft dudtile
add to
their
Growth
And on
the contrary, the
Growth o
tarded >
J
of fiich want for Trees, luxuriant
Spring dry a by ? Moifture, kre,
and thereby
t
made
fruitful.
CHAP
{
b
'
o
».
tr-
t-*<
M
••AT-
N
Or
m
%
'
-qi-i
Tl
y
•
*
J*
*
'f
4
#
\*
^
#
H
0/^
//j^
VL
«
Plantations of Lands for Manner of Treparing Fr u I T-T R E E S.
HE
befi:
Seafon for
T.' -
preparing Lands, whereiti
we
defign to
make
Plantations of Fru
--'
O^oler, or as foo n after
admit.
1
•
the Moifture
of th^ Ground
»
IF your Land
is
deep,
that
is,
when. about two Feet
in
Depth
tis
-?
bed
in
to trench
it
two
Spits,
and the
is
Crumb
it,
(as term'd
by Gardeners)
Depth, laying the
Spit that
taken from the Bottom in Ridges, that
the Winter Rains and Frofts
dities
it
may mellow
is
and exhale away the Cruthe bc/l Afet nod
for the
IS i
er eof.
But
if
your Land
flbalJow,
to
one fingle Spit Only,
and
that to
be
laid in Ridges,
;
Reafons
aforefaid,
and
level'd
down
in the Spring following.
'
%
I
F your Land
in the
is
not over
frefli
or rich,
Would
be very ferviceable
rotted,
to
mix
Working a good Coat of Horfc- dung well
Beds^
fuch as
old
it
Cucumber and Melon
ii.
&c,
but not
new Dung on any
account,
being perfed: Poifon to the Roots of* new-planted Trees."
I
N
the
Trenching of Land, Care
fliould
be taken that the
Workmen
of each
A,
don't leave Cores of undifturb'd Earth between the
bottom
Spits
Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay
when by
the
Dayj and
that their Spits are
of a moderate Size
meliorate
3
for
when
Lands ^re digged with
large Spits, they cannot
fo
well y as
lefs fit
when with moderately fmall
the free Penetration
therein.
h
r
'
ones,
and confequently are then
dcfire
for
of thofe Roots which we
fliould
thrive
.
t
->
WHEN
/
i
The
Fru
IT
Ga R DE N
IJluJiratel
31
A %
,r
WHEN
t
by
trenching the aforefaid Depth, a hungry; raw, or (harp
it
>
Bottom comes
-m
ris
e
vc
^
is
off,
and
o no deeper than the
ft
tjoodnefs of the Land
pears to be too fliallow, that
And
firft
if at
the
whole Depth ap-
to fay; lef
Spit
1
8 Inches
m
Depch^ the
only Method
is
to rdife
ic
with the
r
of a green Sward, or
'
Meadow,
-
which has not been brokeup by Spade
Vv
or Plough within the
Knowledge
or want o
.
o
Man, and where
Cattle has
<^'ori
tin nail y
i't^,
been fed
But
Juch Vii'gin Earth, as Mr. Evelyn
befl;
calls
wFmuft make ufe
make
of the very
and
Feet
freflieft
we
can
cret.
and
there\Vith
the o-ood 'Land about
Depth
v
«
i
,t
^
A
WHEN Lands
Lands,
ftifF
in
general are of very unkind Natures, fuch as fliarp
cold
Clays, Gravel, t&c.
len
we mu
)
at proper
Diftances, fink Holes of fix or
1
eight Feet Square,
)
and two Feet Deptl 1 >
e
the
Land
is
dry
3
but
ir
CO
tis
much
the
Way
to
rai aife
a
».
Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the
natural Soil
5
which Earth fliould be
-1
re pare d
in a Leftal, as
direded
)
in
the
firft
Sedion of the fccond Part of
my Ne^
Principles
Gardening.
1
^
»r4
AND (incc chat Fepu^rees
down Tap-Roots
tis
(cipeciayy Pear-Trees) are apt to flioot
s,
inC) the
lower Strata
where the Moifture bein
and Growth luxurious J
r
renders unprepared, and tritde
their Fruits infif id,
much
e
beft
Way, "when we
plant"
our Trees
not o nly to
to
prune away every Root
that feems to tend
downwards, but
pave the
which
Brick-bats, Tile-flicds, with Bottom
&c.
alfo to prevent others,
therein. from entering produce, afterwards Nature iiiay
WHEN
Trees,
gings,
in vain
Lands
prepare dfitfi
the Reception of Seeds, PI
>
&c.
mellow, kept be conrinually they fliould
by
frequent
Dig
Houghing
;
M;
&^
is,
otherwife our
firft
Labours wall be
For
fince that
the Moifture
reat
art,
which fupports
Roots
of
Plants in
^
Seafons,
attraded up by the kindly In
fluence of the
i
Sun
5
'tis
therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surfac
mellow, that the Heat
may
have a
fi"ee
Penetration
:
And
not
r'
t
trf
..*
.»
*-*
22
'*
OM
N
m
'%
t
Or
7
DrcfTings often by but > the only Reafon,
free a have happen) they
ai as aforefj
J
the
Rains (when
Earth
Entrance, and confequently
flore the
Support the for neceffary of Moifture, Quantities greater with
than
of Plants, >
when
is
the Surface being hard
and
refifts,
the Moifture cannot enter^
but
Atmofphere. the into back rennanded immediately
t
"H *v
WET boggy Lands
ices,
are beft drain'd dry
by Ttenches dug
in proper
to
convey away the too much
3
Moifture to fome proper Place o
filled
Reception
an
fuch Trenches are
at
BottomsJ about
one Foot
high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles,
free Paflage for the
r
Brick-bats,
5
&c.
they will
always keep an open
Water
and
t
want o
them
Laying of Bufhes^
dure
fagg
T
Beech y Alder, Ozier,
&.
will en-
many
Years, and anfwer the fame
End
m
'I*
' '
L t
-
i
•
-
#\
i£»
J*^
*
r
\
.:%
-'i^,
'
'
T
T
I
'
s*^
t
-^
V
X
.
4
'\.
*v
."
;
r
.
i.
-A.
wWl.
The
Fr u it-G ard
e
N
lUufiratel
33
Jwl»^
J*
VIL
raijing
mi
The Manner
their
or
Fru it-Trees
in
a Nurfery
Grafting ,
Inoculating ,
and Manner of Tranf
plantin05 againji PFalls^ Efpalier J" ;
&C
rccs,
HE
feveral
Methods of
raifin
Fruit
are
from
SctSisJ
'^f
v^uccings^ Grafti Kernels, Layers, Cutti orarcingy and Inoculation.
THE
Peaches,
feveral
Kinds
of
Cherries,
Service,
Apricots,
Figs,
Apples,
Pears>
Plumbs,
Walnuts,
and Mulberries
their
now
in
bein
5
)
were
without doubt originally raifed from
Seeds or Kernels
but
our ufual Method
now to
pro^gagate them,
is,
either
by
Cuttings, LayersJ
Grafting, or Inoculation,
THE
feveral
Kinds
that
may be
j
propagated by Cuttings, are the
'tis
different Sorts of Grapes
and
Figs
but
much
the beft
way to
encreafe
t them by Layers.
WHEN we are to
encreafe
them by Cuttings, we fhould
jufl:
before
5
the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants
and
having prun'd them to Lengths of about two Feet each, plant
an Eaft Border, well prepared by digging,
ferving
th em in
^r.
for their Reception, ?
ob
to lay
them
in flopin
as their lovveft
Parts
don't exceed a
Foot in Depth.
They
fliould
not be nearer to each other than a Foot
at the leaft, for they are
both Plants that require a great deal of Air to
perfpire in.
THE
34
OM N
THE
and
1
A: Or
»
Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topp'd.
their
Ends
are
but four or five
Inches
out of
Ground
>
tis
fufficient.
IT
k.
will
be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe- dun
will
be-
tween the Rows^ which
not only keep the Earth
warm
thro'out
the Winter, but moift in the Spring,
when they
are ftriking
Root, and
advancing
in their
Growth.
AND
the
firft
\i they are fuifer'd to
remain there
for the Space
better,
of two Years,
before they are planted out, ^twill be
much
than to remove
them
Year
_
after planting.
'
^^
N.
B.
IF
the Spring after the firft planting of the Cutthigs proves
dryy 't<will he very necejfary to keep them moiji^ ly frequent
teringSy nsohich
Wa^
mil add
"very
much
to
ther Growth,
-i
BUT
that the
the
beft
Way
of
raifing
thefe
Fruits,
is
by Layers,
the
becaufe
Mother- Plants are a conftant Support, durin
Root.
whole
Time
of
their ftriking
THE
the
bed Seafon
for
Work
fufficient
is
OMer.
>
for
len
they have
whole Winter to imbibe
early in the Spring
J
ceffary for their ftrikin
4.
Root
'
^
THE other Kinds
before
beft
of
Fruits^ tvz. Cherries, Apricots,
Peaches ? Pears >
'«H'
•
Plumbs, &c, being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft
we
proceed thereto^ confider of the beft
Method of
rai
n
Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufcs.
'A
CHERRIES
which are
raifed
are
commonly budded
or grafted on Cherry Stocks
from the Stones of the
common
Stocks
Black Cherry.
J^TLES
the Crab, as alfo
are grafted
on Crab
from
,
raifed
from the Kernels of
on Stocks
raifed
is
the Kernels
raft
of Apples, of which
to
that
called
the Taradice,
the beft to
on
make Trees of
fmall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early
'PEARS
The
Fruit
*% t
A R D EN
(llujlrated,
TEARS
the
ild wna
^
are
raft e
upon Pear
Srocks, raifed
alfo,
from the Kernels of from Cuttings
Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks
«r
raifed
or Layers.
light,
Thofe Pears
that
5
are
r aft e
on Pear
Stocks^, are
bed
for
mellow,
warm
Soils
and thofe on Quince
Stocks,
r
wet and
cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on
Quinces then on Pear Stocks
:
&
contra.
TEARS
*
may
the
be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the
is
Laurel, but
Fruit
n othim
the better^
and pradis'd more
for
Cutiofity than Ufe.
AT RICO TS and Thmh are both
by
Inoculation, the latter
rais'd
on Plumb
Stocks, thefirft
by
Grafting,
TEACHES
on Peach
Stocks^
and Ne^arines
are propagated
by
Inoculation, either
Almond
Stocks,
Mufde, White Pear-Plumb, an dSt.
Stocks, are beft for hot
are
are
Julian Stocks.
light
Thofe on Peach and Almond
Lands, and the
Plumb
Stocks
for thofe
that
more
very
ftrong and
diffi cu
cold.
But
there
are
many
Sorts of Peaches that
to
the
make
take on either Peach or
5
Plumb
Stock,
cJ
that will very eafily
rious,
on
Apricot
mm en
firft
That
all their
Trees, which they intend to be of the
lines
beft
Kind of Peaches and Neda-
be
made
Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded
that they defire to
with the feveral Kinds of Peaches
have plenty of
Kcmds Sy^nd TONE RRT-S C HE
be laid thin and well dry'd y
foon as
oi Cr2hs and Pears, fliould
n
firft
of the
Pulp s
3
and
as
they permit^ will Winter the of the Moifture
well-prepar'd
fliould be fo
wn
and
Beds o
Mould j
that
is
.
in Nature moderately
a thick Inches two about /fine-.Mould, with d being moift Winter the from them prcferve to that, over Dung good Coat of rotten
/
Cold, during
their
Germination.
YOU
mu
not forg
to
fet
a
fuflScient
Number
e
of Traps for the
catching of Mice, which
othervvife will
deftroy
Kernels
the Frofts
and
dif>
appolnt you of your Hop
And
in
March, when
%
and
O MON
take on, coming Spring and the
Or 7
the
away
Dung, and
Plumes may
-
ive
the Surface
a gentle Houghing
the fame.
over^ that their tender
eafily rife thro'
.
IF
e
Weather proves
ry
durin
to
the
Months of March, Jpril and
V
May^ Will be very proper
peded
give
them moderate Refrefhings of
is
Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one
to do, that
is
ex
a Lover of Gardening.
WHEN
from each
the
young Seedlings
Pipe in
eir
are
arrived
to the Magnitude of
common Tobacco
Stems, they fhould be tranfolanted o
i
of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at
other, in Lines three Feet afunder
5
8 Inches Diftance
for then,
by having a
free
alway
f(
culating
abo
the
m
)
they wi
gether,
ecome Trees much
after
than
when
planted
5
very
clofe
the
common
Manner
ufed in Nurferies
where, for want of a
free
drying circulating
Sap,
Air, they cannot perfpire
away the Crudit
o
their
and confe
quently cannot thrive
WHEN
half
Inoculation,
the Stocks o
young Plantation
are arrived to about
Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are
or Graft
m
an
The
firfl:
Operation
being to
e
F
orm
February
and March, znd
the other ia
June and July
THE
Fru
whole Care of
thefe
Worf
y
is,
to
take
Cuttings of fuch
we would
an
propagate, from Branches that
a healthy and
fruitful State,
not
rom
fuch as are luxurious, which will not pro5
duce any Fruit under a very long time
are the beft.
and thofe
Year's
Growth
TIS
Month
confirm
/
bfolutely neceflary to
e
o
Cuttings for Grafting
full
before they are grafted, that, being fomething checks, they
may
greedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as foon as grafted,
their
and thereby
Unions
inftantly,
which Grafts that
do, becaufe
are cut
from a Tree
the Inftanc of Graftin
g
?
then they are as re
ftead of ftrongly attrafting
with Moifture as the Stock
its
and
therefore
Juices^ inftantly perifli.
^
BUT
\
The
\
Fruit-Garden
4
lUuftratei
V
Month
BUT
befo re
are to
e
lie
tho
a
e
e
p
king of Curting
ic
om
e
Trees
Time
of Graft
muft
dcrftood that they
out of the Earth
all
that
T
mufi:
be
with their
well
Ends
dofed a
about three or four Inches in Length,
in the Earth,
under a North Wall,
until
Du immediately ufc
t
them
at the
Time
of Grafcin
CHERRIES ^i\i ^lumhsiixc
th,
the
firft Fruits
we" begin
grafting
which
3
is
generally about the Middle of Fehhia
Pears abou
Beginning
is
an
Apples the Middle or
End
5
of March,
y
hen the Sap
a httle rarified
rife freely
by
the Heat of the Spring
the
th
fodn as the Bark
I-
win
from
arc
Wood.
?
\
i
K
\.\
THERE
large
5
feveral
Ways of
Grafting Fruit-Trdes5
fome bein
proper for Stocks that are fmall: others for thole that are
mo deratcly
, i
and
laftly J
others for Trees that are very largely
^
grown.
*
-^
j
-
I
THE
J
feveral
Methods of Grafting
maybe
reduc'd
to
three, n)i%.
5
1
Whip
or Spltce Grafting^ proper for Stocks of the fmalleft Size
Stocks of a middle Size
5
idly, Stock Grafting^ proper
and
laftly
)
Kind
^'" Trees tha c are largely Grafting^ P'^^P^
vii
I
grown
M
THE
Knife that
flary
Inftruments
r
thefe
Works^
are,
^ very good
5
cuts
very mooth and clean for cutting the Cions
:
a
00
with Stocks head the to for Knife Pruning' ftrong
a
Saw
to cut ofFfuch
Branches
"%
as are too lar e for the Knife
5
a Grafting- Chizel for opening
ac
the Cleft
-I-
Stocks, whiift the
C
A
good Quantity
found Bafs'Matting
with well-prepar'd
Loam,
their
well mix'd with fhort
Horfe-dung
IS
5
and Wood-aflies^ to work
Hands when
cl-
the
Loam
little
too moift or
clammy
every thin^ t»
in
readinefs for
BEING
much
the better
felf.
prepar'd
is
Work
5
but
Way
to have a
Boy
or
Man
to
loam
after
you, than
loam your
I
TREES
\
L
< V
38^
MON
A; Or
7
t
TREES
that
5
are
intended for Standards, mufl: be bedded at about
5
five ItGt high
half Standards at three Feet
and Wall-Trees
at fix
or
eight Inches
above Ground.
4
THE
Cion,
Manner pf
Spl ce-Gfkftjn
ed
Whip.Grafting)
IS
per
rm
in the 1
k
mak in
(as
an oblique Sedion.
the Section c^ Fig,
3
or
flop in
I.)
Cut
Slit
like
a Pen J
I.
¥Iate
with a
upwards rrom nea
the Bottoni
fit
tlien
having cut^a Tmall Part'dut of 'the
Top
7
of the Stock
a
for the Reception of the
Slit therein,
C
^Slit
the inward
Sed
Cion a
Fig AY, wi
y
»
downright
as
/=
place thereon the.
as the Si
of the Cion 5 bein
Fig,
III.
may
lower Part of the Cion y be exadly fmooth with the lower Part of the Cut the
e
of the Stock y
Stock at t^Fig.lY'
And if it
as
happens that the Breadth of the Stock ^ ^
.1
is
greater
than the Breadth of the Cion, be fure that you pi
Side
the
Cion
of
the Stock i
5
for their Barks
lie
xadly fmooth and even
with each other
each
for
then
eafier
Sap-VeiTels being pla^'d dire<5lly over
unite
ether
fit
other, they
can
in
If
when you have
you
mufi:.
placed your
Cion
the St3ck, they
do not
clofe together,
with-'Bafs-Mat, bind
them
clofe, fo
that the
Wet
or Air cannot get
alfo be careful
r
petween, and difunite their Union?
the
You
muft
fee
m
3
well loamed
that
it is
that the
Loam
is
well clo/ed at the
it
Tops and Bot
to
fall
toms
not put on too
'tis
w
t
y
which wi
all its Parts,
imme
diately,
and
t^
that
well work'd in
fo as to
have no Cracks
therein
I
•
4
C
WHEN
to cut
it
you head down a Stock
for Grafti;ig,
you muft be
careful
free
off at a Place
7
wh :re
the
Bark
is
pes-fedly fmooth,
and
fiom Canle
*.
Mois s,
&,
cut your Cuttings or
at leaft
v
M
bfolutely neceffary that
I.
TIS
Bud,
Cion
it
againfl;
fi
as at hy Fig.
and
that
you have
two others above
or
'tis
by
and
the attractive
Power of
the
Bud
7
that the Cions
draw Nouridiment
-»«
AND
I
The
FR
u
I
T"G A R
D^£ N
)
IRufiratel
B9
AND
Bud be
perfpire
'tis
alfo highly; neceflary that juft under
i\\s,
1 Giafc, as at /, >
left,
to attraft
Nourifhmenc
for, ,(^t
.
Suppprt o£ the Graft, "and
away
the Crudities thereof.
^'
^
IN May, when
rcleafe
i>
t
Cions are united, and have produced Shoots >
"
you muft
them of
their
Bandage,
'
(the Bafs with'
which you bound
Freedom, an
this
them) or otherwife they C&nnot
dilate themfelves'wich
confequently will not thrive fo well.
charge the Stocks of
to grow, to
r
You mull
as
alfo at
time
dif-
all theit Jateral
Branches, which' before were fuffer'd
faid.
V
draw
upi
the
Nourinimehc
)
i
STOCk
is
Grafting, or Grafting in the Cleft, moftly iifcd for Apples9
w
perfo rni
as follows:
^^^^^^^
^w
4^
I
*
r
lb
FIRST,
(as
q? ty
V^V
having determined your Pkcc* to
graft
at3
fit
it
your
ofiF
r ighc
Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning- Knife cue
Fig. IL
'I^Jate I.)
5
floping^
then placing your Foot at
/.
agalnfl:
the
Stock to keep
tally,
it ftedfaft,
fmooth down the Head of
the Stock
hohzbn
level^
as the
Ilf.
Line
/
j^,
fo will-tbc
done',
Head of your
Stock at
is
'Stock
become
as
i
Fig.
This being
apply the Edge df iyour Pruning^Kniffi
the
fo
/
downwards, -from* chc*»To
Mallet,
o
and
towards h^ and with
ft
make
the Cleft
i
hy
the Stock ready to receive the
-
Cion
qn'y Fig*
Y.'
^*
x
J
t
BUT
this
Work
of heading
down
the Stocks,
fmOothing,
an
cleaving them, (hoiild be done
by aoptber Hand^
fix
that
you may have
5
nothing to do but cut the Cions and
them
in the Stocks
which
perform ^s follows
?
:
-^
THE
Bud,
as at
Stocks being
zs
cleft,
you muft
therefore
cut
€
Ckm m
tnc
Form of a Wedge,
rriy
n
m Fig. V.
which rnuft always
5
e cut fronfi i
for
the Reafons aforefaid
and then with i Graftin
therein^ 10 as that their Barks
Ch:zel open the
Slit,
and place
the
Cion
may
be exactly even and fmooth*
6t/T
f
^
*
40
'V,
M
N
A: Or
?
BUT
uely,
if
the
Bottom or
the Cur, Part
of the Cion d^ were cut obeaficr
is
as at o Fig. VI.
they wOtild be
the
and
better^
placed
3
and•^
then being loamed^ as aforefeid,
Work
done.
WHEN
*
Stocks are
very Jarge, fo as not to be
cleft^
they mufl be
to
grafted in the Rind, an old
and
fliall
*
\
common Way,
omit
well
known
mo
s
Countrymen, and
therefore
that Defcription.
w
BESIDES
that
<
all
ele feverat
Ways of
Grafting
many
o
are
prad:is'd
in
Hertford and "Devonfhkey by the Propagator
"%
Cyder
Fruits,
which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there
i
\.
re left
out.
\
T
of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly ufed on Orange-Trees, I fliall therefi omit fince Culture of
fuch Exoticks are intended for another
' 'i
TrtE Manner
Work
f
-X
\-*>*
1
t
It*
I
O L U T A N C ON
I
or Budding
(atid^
indeed Grafting ^Ifo)
feeing the
is
much
per
3
1
fooner learned, and better underftood }
Op
form'd
a skilful Nurferyman, than
therefore to offer
any Diagrams of
:
f'
that
by Ten thoufand Words Kind would be needle fs.
:s
an
t
y
i
-
\.
BUT
however
it
may n t be
1
amifs if
I
fliould fpeak a
Word
4
two
relation to the proper Seafons, Choice
r
of Cuttings,
&
i^
THE
'>
Seafon
for
g
Trees
is,
from the middl
rifes
of
June
to about the middle of Ju/y, whilft the Bark
5
1
freely
Wood
from the
the Weather
is
cloudy and wee,
'tis
fo
much
the better
becaufe,
that whilft the Operations are performing, the Sap,
both of the
Bud and
happ
Stock, are not prcjudic'd
by Heat
?
And
therefore if the Seafon
be dry, the only Times of the Day for early in a Morning, and late in ati Even juft before the Horizon n
"\
Work
the
«v
IS,
is
very
Sun
below
X ^^ 9\
'*.
*
'.
^TIS
fu!
as necefl-aryto
be curious
as
in the
Choice of Cuttings from
faid
fruit
Branches for Inoculation >
was before
for
Grafti n
g5
but
thefe
^
I
The
Fruit-Gard?n
*
Illujlrated.
41
tlie
thefe for Inoculation
fhould be ufed as foon as
tlicy are
till
taken ftchi
Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh
i^fed
ONE
'tis
Bud
in
a Stock
much
fail
better
Way
to
g put two Buds
is
to
form a
00
Tree
"i T
a
but
in each Stock, left
one only
fhould
14
I
N
the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fliould be had to their
V
Buds, mz. That they ar^ not
Bloflbm-Buds y
as
which
efire
are
k
be in
late.
double J and never produce Shoots,
we
when we
ways
V
in
\
And
likewife
that
ey are not Shoots
the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Per/p
that are ftrong
1 >
but fuch
ree
always pofleflcd a
rculating
Air, and of the fame Year's Growtl
WHEN
Dilatation
:
three
eks or a
Month
IS
aft,
after Inoculation,
you
fhould releafe them of their Bandage,
that
the Stock
may
If that Part
'tis
a free
And
very appear will they taken, if your Buds have
plump
of the
and of
their natural
is
Col
7
/
as
when
the
firft
put
ro
in.
Leaf which
left
to the
7
Eye pf
but
is
Bud
off freely,
good
tis
%
that they are united
if it
withers and fticks firm thereto,
the that Sign certain a
Bud
jy ing
or dead
IN
Fehruaryj after
Inocul
5
you muft
ey your Stocks,
off,
and
thofe that have their
that them, above
in
Buds perfed muft be headed
about three Inches
the Stock
firft
March
the
whole Nourifliment of
the
may
the to applied be fully
Growth o
Bud, which the
Year wi
and confiderable, be very
difplac'd
efpecially if a
the lateral Shoots of the Stock
when
they
ppear
THE
Pears,
and Orange^ Mafculine,
3
Romm Ap
it
J
are the
firft
Fruits
->
inoculated be fhould that
and
after
them. Cherries, Peaches, Plu mbs
taKe you tak
the
&c. And
it
often happens, that
Advantage o
Seafon, the of the Beginning
you may,
bef(
firft
the Seafon
Inoculat
Re
your at miffed have inoculate fuch that
\
M
%
"PEACH
'-.
^
,
'
42
k
M
N
A: Or
)
•-»
p.
TEACH
after
till
Stocks are generally large enoug
fet
3
to
raft the
firft
Year
not
their
Kernels are
but Cherry Stocks, Plum
till
Stocks 3
&c.
the third Year^
and fometimes not
the fourth.
THE
Parts of
next Spring
e
after
the
Buds have
left
m ad e
e
their
Shoots, thofe
Stocks
w hich
were
a bove
1
Buds ?
ould be cut
away
fuet.
clofe to the
Bud, and cover'd
an
L
a Salve
dirciSl:
m ad e
my
o
Mutton
on
the
Bees- wax )
Rofi in J
as
fliall
in
Chapter
Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees^ to preferve the Stock
Injuries
rom
of Wet, which
\s
oftentimes deftrudive to them.
V.
'^
i-^
\ t
'*
\
,a^
ki^-l^ -
3,
>
*r-
/
\
Tlje
R.
u
I
T-G
A
R.
D EN
Jllujlrated.
43
y
H
f
VIIl
and
«
Of
ASPECTS
IS
AcciDENts
very unreafonable to expedt that two South, or Eaft,
Walls, in the fame Laticude, planted with the fame
arid
Fruits,
&c.
\
of the fame Age
as
Goodnefs, ftiould produce Fruits equally
Soil
good and
early,
when^ the
of the one
U
a moderate, lighCj
%
warm Loam,
and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay.
•i<-
THESE
and
different
Natures and
Qiialities in Soils dre feldoni confidcr'd f
Soils,
therefore
when good Kinds
of Fruits are planted in bad
of in
Soils^ whole Principles are diiproportion^d
to thofe of the Fruits, they are
elfe the
either faid to
be bad Kinds_, (tKo' naturalfy rcry good) or
is
Judg
ment o f
the Gardener
the
condemned, notwithftanding
Sort, as Gardeners ate
that
he
may
happen to be one of
bed
now a-Day
AND when
meet
together,
it falls
out thatrbad Soil and a bad Gardener hapberi to
is
which
the very
Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro'out
Enghndy
then the Produdion muft confecjuently be very bad.
HAVE
Soils
known fome
Eaft,
and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe
arid
earlier
have been very kind,
produce better
Peaches
and
Cherries, than
fbme South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe
:
Soils
have been
very wet and cold
Soils,
'tis
Therefore
when People h^ve good
any good
firft
Afped:s and bad
impoffible they can have
Fruits,
Fruits
:
Hence
Soil_,
it
appears,
if,
that to
have good
it
wc muft
confult our
and
upon
Examination,
appears to be incapable of the Produdions
is
we exped.
that
why
then our only Bufinefs
to help
Nature
in
the
beft
Manner
our Place and Conveniency will permit
2
THUS
\
^
J
-#
*
*
•
V
1
- _
\
THUS much
SINGE
Leaves 3
in
for the difFerent
Natures of
Soils
5
now
I will
proceed
to ipeak jfoxnething in relation to Afpe(a5 in general
that
Mr. Hales
in
his
Vegetabk Statkh.
27. has fliewn
at their
the Probability of Rains
and Dews being imbibed by Vegetables
crude Part
3
which
are
many
which
when
confin'd
3
m
or
two
great a Quantity, are injurious
to the
Growth of Trees
we
In
muft
therefore confider
of fuch Afpeds, that will admit the Sun
prejudicial.
fluence to diffipate
them before they become
1
THESE
Walls, which
for
laft
i
Crud ties
lafl:
are foft diffipated
from
the Eaft
and South- Eaft
declining about
Fruits:
20 Degrees,
is
is
the yery beft
Afped
t
mpft Kinds of
Next
as
to this
the South
and South- Weft
and
of
all
e
Weft
And
the South- Weft and
Weft Afpeds
retain
the Crudities
of the
Dew
longer in the
Day (which
oftentimes chills the
Pruits) than the South-Eaft
and South, fo
are their Fruits
of a lower
Flavour, and later ripe
THE
about
tho/e
Weft Afpea
Clock
receives the
Sun when ns paft the Meridian
'VtZ
Crud
3
which being late in the Day, do thereibre remain a long while before they are diftherefore that the Fruits
(tho' very obliquely)
perfed
and
'tis
of
Weft Afped:
are
eighth
Days
later in ripening,
than thofe of the South-Eaft and South
9
I.
DIRECT
3
Eaft Walls have the Crudities of the
little
Dew
at
foon
T
diffi
pated
but then they have but
oblicjue,
of the Sun
little,
for
eleven
after
the
Rays become very
at
and the Heat very
and foon
none
h
B UT
a dired Eaft Wall
is
far
preferabl
to
it,
direa;
Weft WallJ
It
becaufe the Heat of the
Day comes
gradually
is
on
and leaves
Its
Meridian of Heat
^
but a Weft Wall
only favour'd in the Viol
of the Heat
there
3
the Obliquity of the
the
Sun
Ray
as they firft
if
fall
which caufe
fall direia
Heat to be much more gradual, than
firft
they
at their
W
w-
Onfet
'
.
'-
*»%.
z
WHEN
"h
'm.
/
:
-fli-
4.
4^
t
The
Fr U I T-G
r
A R D E
IV
,
N
%^
lUuJirated.
>
•45
J*
4
WHEN fudden Heat comes
Nourifli
r
on
Fruits,
it
flitinks their
"o
Sap-VefTels,
d confequenrly they cannot Imbibe and
great a Quantity of
:
This
is
the Cafe of dired
Weft
tha
^^alls
:i
and
'tis
therefore
->
..*•
F
are lelTer
m
^Tag^itud
thofe of the South
and
South-Eaft >
ich receive their
Heat by Deg
I
4
T
ft
I
S obfervable that
Seafon,
is
Evg!aj7d
in the
ft
Part of the
Day
in tl
Summer
about two or three
as
Afternoon
y
the Heat
o
3
ery great,
to exl la e
all
mor
the
Moifture th
an
fequently at
5
fuch
Times
Goodnefs of Fru
our
is
greatly diminidi'd
therefore
when we h
of the Day,
Power
to
make our own Choice, we
fuch J
fhould chufc fuch an Afped, whofe S >
it
that very hot Part
(liould
be difcharacd
of that violent Heat
NOW
the Sun
is
feeing that the
Part of the
it
Day
generally happens whcii
at
5
nearly South-Weft,
therefore follows, that
J
that
for
time a
as
South-Eaft Wall, declining
20 Degi
is
nearly fhaded
the
e
Ray
are
then very obliq
J
they ha ve not fo great a
ft
Powet on
Sap-Veffel
as
to
away
[tj;s,
a
more than ordinary Quantity
Aiped,
decl
Moifture
:
A
Deg
rom
7
ence
jliac a South-Eaft
ers.
ab
the very bcft of
THIS
when
Day,
being judicioufly confider
very eafy to account for the
Reafons of a South-Eaft being better than a dired South Afpcd
the South-Eaft
For
Afped
is
difcharged from the extreme Heat of the
is
ftill
the dired South
Afped
expofed to
fl'el
it,
whereby
its
Fru
oftentimes injur'd,
by having
their
Sap
dried
by
the extraordinary
Heat thereof
NORTH
Afpe6bs, in
warm Summers^
will
produce good Plumbs 9
d Duke Cherries, when thofe of th
Eaft, South,
and Weft Wall s
arc
c
one. and Morello Cherries alfo.
NORTH- Weft and
Apricots
5
South- Weft Walls are obferv'd to produce good
and,
if I
may
be allowed to fpeak
my Op
}
much b
Heac
than a South Wall, (tho' not fo early) becaufe that the extraordinary
N
1
;
A
'
k
'
».
* H-
^A
'
4
I
*
i
m.
»
•;
46
Heat of a South Wall
ripe,
lefler
M
caufes
'
N
A: Or
?
them to be mellow and meally
as
foon as
-'
which they are found not to be
Heat.
when planted
againft
Afpeds of
SOUTH
Afpeds
are only liabl
too
much Heat
in the latter Part
of the Day, as before obferv'd.
EASTERN
Wind
;,
Afpe6ls are on ly
r
liabl e
to
dry in
cold Eafterly
which being of a very
exhaling Nature,
:c
do oftentimes
Fruits,
exhauft too great a Quantity of Moifl:
from the Bloffoms of
whereby they
perifh.
THE
thefe
Weft Walls being
are therefore
fully defended
fruitful
5
from the exhaling Nature of
Winds,
more
but they are fully expofed to
are rather
the Weftern
judicial to
Winds
that
blow
in the
Autumn^ which
more pre
Standard than Wall Trees.
f
\
*
HAP.
j»
*"•
i
'^^V
;t
%
.•
«
I .
*.
-f
The
FrUIT-G ARD EN
JUujirat ed.
%
47
•
*
*
IX.
Of
the
Manner
Planting
Fores t-T r
e e s>
to
defend
Plantations of fruits from the
Injuries
North
9
and Weji W^inds.
HE
moft proper Kinds of Trees
for
this
Purpoft, arc the
Lime-Tree, the Eiiglifi and ^utch Elms, Horfc-ChcfnutSj
Abel es >
Poplars
>
&c.
to prepare the Soil
frefli
fit
M
THE
d
if
it
firft
Work
to be done,
is
to pla
happens to be naturally a good
Tuffi cient,
deep
Loam >
to pla
com
mon
Trenching~is
being
is
p
orm
as early
the Winter
which permit, will Seafon the
alfo the beft
Time
'
BUT
if
your Land
is
poor, then you mufl: help
then
it
with
frcfli
Earth ?
\
Compoft, &c. and
V
perfectly barren,
you
mufl: fink Holes of
i
Feet Diameter,
two
Feet
frelli
Depth^ taking away the barren Earth,
untried Earth,
mak e good
ded
a
firfl:
Compoft, &c,
as
recom
in the
Chapter hereof.
SOMETIMES
next
\
it
happens that the
•>
firfl:
Sp
IS
cryg ood, and
the
IS
ood
noth in
which
is
much
better than
frefli
wh
e
whole
bad
becaufe then the
lefler
Addition of
Earth,
&
will fufEcc
BEFORE
the
you
your Trees y
the
Turf
g a
at the
Bottom of
A
-
Hole
bei.-^
chopp'd very fmall
the
llnall Hill
of fine
fiefh
Earth where
Tree
is
to be
plac'd,
bed the Roots therein >
be
carefully fill in
I
about well them dofe and
all their Parts, that there
hollow
y-f
H
*
4
'i
>^
"-
^
M
hollow Places
oftentimes
is
N
*t'
\.
H
Or
*.*
>
-»
left,
where the Earth cannot
>-
clofe
about
their
Roots, which
the
Death of
many
fine Trees.
'-n
THE
reat
Method of Planting Trees
in
Pap,
much
e
pradis'd
that
Encourager of Planting and Gardening,
is
Honourable James
the well
Johnfon of Twckenham^
a
very fure
Way
,
for
mixin
of
Earth about every fmall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe
Moiflure with great Force.
.
WHEN Lands are
hot
>.
wet and cold, plant fhallow, and
in the
Spring
5
r
y
or moderately moift, a moderate Depth, as and y
\
foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will perrnit
^^
'
>
THE Diftance that
or
thefe Plantations
of Defence fhould be
om
the
Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about yo or 6 o Feet >
more
if
-
your Land will permit.
i-.
T H E R Diftances
I
in the
Rows may be
clofer
lo, 12, 15, ao, c^c. Feet )
together Trees are planted >
r as
have already proved that the
afpirein Height^
the
more they
&c,
therefore the nearer they are planted y
the fooner they will
^-.
become
ufcful.
BUT
left
k
will
be
convenient
5
that
between every
Row
there be
free
a
fufficient
Difta
that
their
lower Branche
fat
may
wi
enjoy a
Sap, for
drying Air, or other wife they will become
ration, and thereby of free Perfpiration,
is
want
perifli.
Forty or
fifty
Feet between each
fufficient
for
Englijh Elms,
J
Lime
60
Trees, Horfe Chefnuts,
^c.
for
Abel
)
Popla
Withy,
&.
r
70
Feet,
which
laft
fhould
be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others
not thrive
\
w
IF
5
the Situation of
Clefts,
c^i
Part of your
Garden
more than ordinary expos'd
them,
is
to violent
Winds, the beft
Way
to
to guard
gainfl:
to plant
Clumps
or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that
fo as
are
moft natural to the
Soil,
it
at proper Diftances,
deftroy the
Violence thereof before
reaches our Fruit-Garden.
THE
^
%
r
a
h
The
R u
it-Gar den
-*
lUuJirated.
^
4P
THE
Advice
lateral
b/
Auth or of the Reitrd Garde
at their
)
for
Pruning off the
Branches of the Heads of Forcft-Trees
is
T
fo
f Plantings to Pyramidical Shapes,
off,
entirely wroncT
.
for thofc
Arms
are ever after as fo
veymg Rains
into the
many Conduits Trunk > which V ery
or Pipes, imbibincr
often caufe their
Death
AN D
thofe Trees
t
(as
5
he very
therefore
in
juftly obferves)
ns alfo very prejudicial to
Head
v^e great
3
hope
for Succefs in
as
thefe Plantations, pre
/
ferve
the
Roots
as
a Quantity
all
poffible,
mix and
clofe the
Earth well about them
their
cut clofe
I
Side Branches^
1*
and
carefully prcfcrvc
*^'
I
'.,
Heads.
»
f
careful of fecuring
WHEN
the
your Trees 1 rees are planted, be
them With
Stake s > from the Infults of
Wind and
Cattle,
and cover
the Surface of
Ground
three or four Inches thick, for about
two or
three Feet about
eir
their Sterns^
wi
long Horfe-d
Fern, cV, e>
/
to prefer
in
Roo
from the
Inj
of Cold
in the Winter,
and Heat
the
Summer
or four
And
i
thefe
Covering
were
very
d with Earth abo
three
Inches thick,
'twould add
much
to
the
Prefervation
of
the
Trees.
THE maJcing of
being natural to every Garde
bout the Stem of everV new-planted
T
y
/ay nothing thereof 5 but if the
March and
Jpril^ after planting, (hould be very dry
m uft
*> 4*
recom
mend
to his Care J
be well water'd J
Perfpiration, at that time
lead once a Week, to
fupply the Expen
when
their tender Fibres
^
:-
feeking out for proper Nouridiment
#E
s
c
I
v^ir
/
.
*>':
5°
*
M
N
A: Or
?
^.y^'^
1
Jr •
v
Jy.
the Velocity Of
wherewith Nourilhment
enters the Roots
Fru it-Trees:
^ranfplanttng.
and the Reafons and Manner
Pruning their Roots and Heads at the ^ime
HE
Reafon that Gardeners give. for reducing the Heads of
at the
Trees
Time
of Planting,
is
very juftj for thev fay,
i
they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport
caufe that in taking
bei
lefs
them > be
them up many
lefs
are cut
and broke
off,
and thereby,
in Quantity, are
able to imbibe Nourifliment for their
Supprt, and confequently
'ij
fliould
be propor tionabl y reduced
OF
Time
this
likewife all our
famous Authors on Gardening, from the
Adam
3
to
this
prefent
Moment,
take Notice, and fay that J
their
for the afotefaid
Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be reduced at
Planting
but not one of them as yet has ever atTempced to lay
down
a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than
fay
it
muft be
here
fo.
But
fince
Demonftration
is
undeniable and felf-evidenr.
I
fliall
communicate two Experiments which
made
this
Summer,
that will demonftrate the
Truth
thereof,
and lead the Curious in Planting
into a reafonable
and demonftrable Method of Pruning.
/
y
I
IME NT
that
M A D E Choice of a Roman Neftarine Tree,
hofe Leaves
was
in a thriving
•
State >
were nearly equal, which
z
I
numbered, and found
them
)
6
.
n^e
them to
at i
F R u I T-G
'^
AR DEN
IJluJlrated.
5»
Lines,
6m
and
:
Then on
a Piece of Paper
I
drew
parallel
of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa^
alfo others
&c. Fig.Wh
Right Angles
Squares >
^late
at the fame
conftitutin
a rail el Diftance, at
little
to the former, as b by
&c.
Geometrical
each
containing
T5-
Part of an Inch.
1
THIS
the
little
being done
laid
one of the Leaves thereon, and wth
Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering
Squares withi
that
1
r.
ed
3
their
Number
to
be
6,
which being divided by
gives fquare Inches
7
\
16)1 16(7 i
112
remains > equal to
4
or
i
Nl
B.
WHE N the
3
Leaves of a VJant are of
mufi
different
Magmtudi
as
y
fwhkh generally happens^ they
different Parcels
be feparated into
many
and then meafuring the Surface of
the
one in
Parcel, and
follows
knomng
Number of Leaves
therein^
may proceed
THE
2
Number of
is
Leaves on
the
12,
being
multiplied
the double Content of
Surface, (becaufe their Per
fpiration
pe form'd
well
by
the under, as the upper Part of the
all the
of the Area be will Produ6l the and Leaf)
Leaves
6ii
Z448
06
-^
8874
Leaves, the of Area the fquare Inches,
HAVING
Moifture
is
Leaves the of Surface the thus obtain d
whereat
eu:
perfpired
away,
Surfac the find^ I then proceeded to
it.
of
their
received and imbibed Roots^ where they
the Analogy whatever For
Surface
-*
dtt
*i-
52
Surface of the
their Leaves,
M
%
N
and
perfp'ring
Or
7
Roots of every Plant naturally bears to the Surface of
fo are their imbibing
Powers proportionable
3
and according to thofe Proportions
muft
the
Heads of Plants be
^
reduced,,
when
tranlplanted.
)
V
DUG
felves
up the Nectarine Tree
;s
carefully,
and preferv'd
all its
Roc
(the very Fib
excepted)
had five main Roots^ extending the
about
ree
m
nea
horizontally
lateral
or four
Feet
:
from the
Girts
Stem,-
with
many
Roots of
at
different
Lengths
The
of each
an
J 4
o
the
the
main Roots,
the
Body of
three Feet
I
the Tree,
1
were
Inches
3
Length of each bein
IS
5
therefore multiplying
-
6 Inches ?
being
w hich
e qua]
Feet}
T
>
the half Girt at the
Stem>
ical,
the Produ(5l wil!"be the Surface
of
main Root
'.*i*.
t
I
-
^. »r
-
I
v..
Produa
^
-
54
Iquare Inches,
the
<
T*
Which
multiply again
Number of main Roots
V
t
Produd
main Roots.
Each main
Girt.
ifo
fquare Inches
the Surface o
otlier)
five
lateral
Ro
at e
had (one with the
o 4J
Roots, whofe mean
rge ,ones next
the
main Root was half 2 Inch (the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and
of the main Roots ?
Girt thro'out).
4
thofe at the extreme Part
is
of an Inch, whofe half
of the largeft
5
half an Inch, the
mean
fhorteil,
The Length
and longed ot
the
fmalleft
is
thefe lateral
Roots was each about nine Inches
about three Inches
J*-
and of
and
i
therefore their
lateral
mean
Pro
Length
fix Inches.
Now 430,
the
Number
gtther
^.
of
Roots on on
the
main Root, being multipHed by 6
dud: will be
their
Inches, their
mean Length,
whole Length taken
*
o 4J
^
Produd
teral
I
2580
V
J--
the
whole Length of
4W
all
the la
Root, belonging to one main Root;
fr
I
rf
2
NOW
The F R u
I
t-G A R b E N
/--
-
JUufirated.
-1,
53
4
NOW
mean
l^rodudt
as their
Length
Inth,
is
found to
Inches,
>
and
their
Girt half an
therefore
muhiply
o t, an
win be the Area of
>
their Surfaces.
\
f
r^
2580
o
-^
f'^f
;
o
t
-
4
.n
r
Produdt
r
645
fcjuare Indies, the
Area required
i_
AND
the
as
each of the bther main Roots ha3 the fame Quantity
w
fin ce that the Surfaces
leis are full 1 than s
is
of the Roots
the Surface
,!
where
L
NOqrifliMent
r"
>
im bibed 5
Perfpiration
o
L
s,
where
performed
5
it
therefore follows, that' the; Velocity 'wjth
which Moifture
iration.
enters the Roots, mufl:
be 4 greater than that of Per-
r
•
ff
HENCE
great
it
is
that the Roots of
J
wh o
upper Part s
Growth s,
fliould be preferv'd in as great
an Abundance aspoffible 3
a
and we
the
are hereby taught the
'
Time of Planting.
fince
Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants ^
.
,
.
,
,
W
?
^
I
!*•
*
r>
1
*
«
?
FOR
the
all perfe6t
Head of
and
its
this
Tree
iri its
natural
Growth 7 when
Roots were
fix
d
in the Earth, did then
^
make
fuch
Demand of
the
Moifture for
3
common
its
Support, that caufed the Velocity
5
Roots to b
greater
than in the Leaves
we may from
the
conclude,
That
r 1
the reducing
Head
«
-cv
at
tlie^TimeV Planting was abfd
r
lutely neceffary
A
«1
.•
-^
^^-\
i-A
>
C;
It
T
IN
a lefler
z
this
very Point of Planting
many
at
Pe'5|)le
are
much
not
out
that reducing the
Heads of Trees
ey
Je/7
firft
Planting, caufes
them
A
to have
Appearance th^n
d
chcicfore will
5
fuffer
the
reduced proportionabl e to their Roots
fo that they either
for
remain
decaying languilhing State
much
reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture
«
ftantly die
Roots being
fufficient for
the
Support of their Heads, which ar e'lhen in too great a Quantity.
r
Therefore
anting,
their
1 *
tis
always to be remembred, at the
\
V
Time of
Prunin
and
that the greater Proportion the
Area of the Roots bears to that of
will
«
Leaves, fo
much
of
the
more they
be enabled to imbibe- Nouriflhment
for the Support
vigorous in
w
its
which confequently will thereby be more Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons &c
*
the, Plant/
=
NOW
Sap,
pafs
foil
>
Confid
is
that this
Experiment has proved, that
which
the Life of Vegetables, (as
Blood
is
of Animals) muft
therefore
I
much
fwifter thro' the Surface
tis
of the Roots than Leaves
that
very reafonable, when Trees of any
Kind
of Nurferies,
in as great a
&c.
for tranfplanting, their
as
is
Roots fiiould be prefervM
Quantity
poffible; that
Nature
may
have the greateft
Liberty
^
'
i.
^
The
Liberty o
u .it-Garden
fufficicnt
Illuftrated.
^
imbibing Moifture
\ fb r
le
Supporc of ch5 th
to the
re
•
duced
The
onfideration hereof I
recommend
all
ftfiftus
f
Confidcration ofmyBrother'GardenersyZni indeed to
in the. Planting
others conceriied
t
of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, v hich are
herein.
v
ery often loft for
want of Judgment
,
*
THE
their
great
Want of
L
this
Difcovery has caufed the Death of
Thousand valuable
Plants, that have 'died
by be in
unskilfully pruned
Time
of Planting;
For Gard
have but one "Rule or
tliar tliey
Mecan
thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even
give
no manner
I
Reafon
i
f(
For
fuch a Queftion, their Anfwer Would be,
(C
be ask'd any one o them " Why I know it to be fo, my
diis
Father
Mafter did
u
t6
prune in
Manner.' and
their
a Trees feldom died, and I a them, with good Succefs
\
my
j
felf
have pradis'd the fame,
it
as tauc^ht
IS
by
I
know
by Exp
3
W hich
ff
the
be
it
Mafter
»
And/bon, without
confidering the great Demand of Nourifli
ment that Nature mal
according to their different
the
one Kind
f Vcge tabl
F
more
lan anotner >
im
Growths, which caufe
as' great
"r
a Differ
Manner of pruning
r
their
Roots
-ri*.-*"
f
J ^
^
I
AS
IT
for
Example
e
m
•^
is
obf(
Cabbage (which
its
is
a 'Vegetable
ery
of a quick
Force y
3
draws Ground) above Growth
Sap
w
a
compared who(( Vegetabl e with when few, but Roots being naturally flower) So much Growth Box 2)tiUh ) Roots are much more an quick Growth of a Plants That appears, it hence from that
have flhould Nature, imbibing
as
as
1^
much Root
allov»^'d
them,
at Planting
.-^'
po ffibl
:-1
ME Nr
*
^
<
MADE
a fecond Experiment
in
ke mannef on a Batterfe
and half about > Cabbage, that was g times twelve near Roots the of Surface the Leaves exceeded
of Surface the that found
3
its
fo that the
with Moifture imbibe Roots did planted been have to Cabbage-Plant that were And away. Leaves perfpir'd it
times the Velocity that the
reduced, proportionably been have muft Head the Leaves of the
as
I
»
I
X.
•
I
4<^
%**
O
M
tlie
N
•
^
Or^
vfe
I
as
12
is
to
rather as 15 to t, becaufc that"there 1, or rattier
is
a continual
Dc-
rmand of Nourifiiment by
\s
Head^ during
all
the
Time
that
Nacufe
preparing
its
new
fibrous Hoots^j to
ftrike fiefii
again into the Earth.
WE
their
may
obferve from
is
this
Experiment of the Cabbage,
i
'that
as
Growth
naturally very quick
nd great
and Roots fmall
is
in
Proportion to their Heads, (whereby
their
Nouriflhment
imbibed with
ticTi
great Velocity) the Soil wherein they ^re
planted fhotild be very
n
and
full
of Moifture
it
5
for :otherwife their
)
very great imbibing Force
V
would fbon exhauft
that
and thereby
CoHiflo
perifh.
>
And
)
^is
ways
are
en,
where-ever
CabbageSj
the
Savo)
&^
an ted J
in
they impoverifii
Ground very much,
5
altho' perhaps
twas
good
^j
Heart
at their firft plan
and
1*
the like
of
other'Plaats in
Prop
their
more or
lefs
Quantity of Roots
C
^E
plants
3
fliould
alfo
obfi
rite
various Diftribut
of the Roots of
or thereby
Soils
:
we
are in part diredted
how
—
to adapt
them
to -their
proper
Thus Nature
informs us
fhat the Flax,
Arbutus
Oak, and many
other Plants that naturally produce
5
Downright or 'fapothers, as the
Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands
and
Afh
Elm, Lime, c^r. who/e Roots run nearly horizontally within two and
L
three Feet Depth, love
-
Land
chac
*
is
rich
and fhallow.
tf .1
1^
-^
K
^
i-/
THE
the
different
Velocities of imbibing
'tis
and
perfpiring
Nourifiiment
being accounted
for,
very eafy to conceive the Reafons of pruning
at the
it is
Heads of Fruit-Trees
Time of
for them.
Planting, and that the
more
fliey are reduc'd,
the better
AND
9
has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they
ftriking
Root
therefor
*
that.
Moifture
is
abfolutely neceflary at-
Planting, to fuppoft
th^
3
until they are
enabled
attrad Nouriflhment
is
themfelves
the
3
which Moifture ought
or
to
be no more than
agreeable
tc
Nature of the Pla
have fcen
great a
many
Trees
kill'd
(and par;
ticularly Ever-greens)
by having too
Quantity of Moifture
thece
fcrc in
wet and cold Lands beware of deep Planting,
--*
«
t
THE
t
^'
[
I
'•
lb
t
.^'
The
F R u I T-G A R D E N
i-b
lUufiruted.
57
THE Scafons
the
firft in
for Planting Fruit-Trees, arc, October
that are moderately light
and Fehruary
laft in
5
Lands
and warm, the
Lands
that are cold
1.
and wet;
TREES
*
planted in light
warm
But
if
Soils, in 06lobefy or fooner
i
f
tl
Seafon permits, will ftrike
Root
:
before
the
Winter comes
an
VI
goroufly flioot in the Spring
"Very
Trees
are planted at that Seafi
wet and cold Lands,
chill
the too
much
Moifture will rot
Roots>
or at lead
them
fo very
much
that they very fcldom re
'1^
ALL
e
new
planted Trees^ of both Seafons of Planting, fliou Id be
water'd in
otherwife they
March and Apvil^ when thofe Months prove dry, or feldom make good Shoots the firfl: Year. 'Tis abfolutcly
in the
>
neceffary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at lead one Foot about the
Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac'd
Form of
aC u
r
J
the better to receive the
Water when any
is
given
which
Dung
not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but
communicates a Nourifliment
at watering alfo.
'
t
you plant Wall Trees, place their For Wirfi W^Ii, Inch thereof: an wjtnjn s ithi from or a Foot y by done as Is commonly clofe the Wall, planted to are Roots when their
out burft Bodies their Ignorant, the
WHEN
Roots about nine Inches
rom
le
fame
as they increafe in
Order. clofe handfome in kept a be cannot thereby Magnitude, and
V
THE
reduced the to be fliould at Planting Wall-Trees Heads of
*
firft
that becaufe Inoculation, Graft or Place of the four Side Buds, above
from four Shoots
we may form
a
good Tree.
as they begin to
ALL
as foon difplaced be fhould Buds forward
lie
r
fhoot, that thofe which
parallel to
the Wall,
may
receive the full
Benefit of the Nourifliment.
ff^
IF
the
firft
they have fortn'd four Buds,
to force
when luxurious, and ftrong very to be appear Shoots Nature oblige will which nip off their Ends,
at every
out a Branch
Bud, and
diftributing
the Sap
of
will they ones, fmall four each Branch in
become
fruitful,
and not luxu
nous i
Q.
)
i
O
rious, as they
M
O
N
Ory
would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in
/
one Shoot on
BEHIND
Tree^ there
^t Planting
is
the Place
of Inoculation, or of Graft
is
in every
Wall
a fmall Part of the Stock which
generally dead, ?
which
Wall
:
muft be
cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the
is
For
when
they are placeed outwards, as fometimes
done by unskilful
I
Planters, they imbibe
lliort
Wet, which oftentimes
rots the
Body of
the Stock
Time
y
.-'
i:
TIS
juries
absolutely necefTary
and very advantageous
referve
to cover the
Wounds
In
of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will
of
them from
;
Wet and
Cold.
Pound of
Rofin, a
The Compofition is as follows Take half a quarter of a Pound of Bees- wax, the fame Qiiantity
5
of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet
melt them together, and y
rels
when moderately
cool'd,
fo
as
to
be
liquid J
e
Wounds
with a
FeatKer, Brudi, c^c.
and no
Wer
or
Cold can
penetrate or injure
them
ALL
Wall Trees
budded
rafted very
low, fliould have
their Grafts,
whe n
this
planted J about
two
their
or three Inches above
Ground
but do not on
before deliver 'J
Account plant
Roots over dccp^ for the Reafons
T
or
^
I
S a Pradlice
i
among Gaid
let
with their whole Heads on, and
Peach-Trees in Oeiohr^ them remain fo until e February
>
to pi
March
following, and
5
then
for the
head them down,
which
••H
IS
doin
the
Trees a great Prejudice
Roots do not only imbibe a more than
out the Winter,
occafion'd
ordinary Quantity of Cruditic
by
the
attradive Force of the Head, but in the Spring
when
the Gardeners head
them down, the Tree
toy
is
difturb'd
Roots, which are th
prep
penetrating the Earth, and thereb
«
ftentimes deftroy'd
I
NEED
It
is
fince I
not fay any Thing more on the Roots of Fruk-Trees have already prov'd, that the more Roots a
to
Tree hath, the more
the
imbibe Nourifiim
,.
Therefore the whole Care in
Management of Roots,
poffible
that' they are bruifed
and
m
dirhinifli'd
as
up ?
that the
Number of
about
fmall Fibres be thinn'd
all their
difcretionally, fo as to let the Earth freely
Parts
;
that all
Bruifes
y
f
^
w-
/
/
The
Bruifes
Fruit-Garden
IJIufiratcd.
59
)
Jt.
be cut entirely away with a very fharp Knifi Root be regularly placed, with the Earth well clofed a bout
WHEN
place the
we
are
are to plant Trees for Efpaliers,
we muft
have regard
Buds of
the Trees parallel with the Efpalier, fo that
when
Sh
produced, they
5
may
lie
parallel
to the
fame J and be
all
afily nail'd thereto
and
here, as
well as in Wall Trees,
forward
Buds
are to
be
difplac'd,
and luxuriant Branches nip
at the fourth
Bud >
aforefaid
WHEN
-^
we
plant Fruit-Trees to maJce Dwarfs of
leaft four
wc
r
iTiould
head
out Trees at fuch Heights, fo as to have at
Buds nearly
a
Angles to one another, that thofe Shoots which they produce
the
may form
Head
defired.
4
THE
whole Management of Dwarf-Trees,
their Shoots, flopping
confifts in the
Manner o
Pruning the Ends of
as aforefaid,
the
Luxuriancy of Branches
other.
.^
and
the true Diftance of
one Branch from the
•f
NO W
Middl es,
as
"w/e
Dwarf-Trees
are defired to
» ^
grow with
Concavities
m
their
mu
when
der un an at Shoots leading prune their
is
Bud
and.
fo that
the next Shoot
produced,
it
may
:
fhoot outward y
if
thereby be conformable to the
Form
defired
But
you
cut at
and the inwards, deftroy Shoot will grow next the then Bud, upper an
Form
required*
ni ir
*
by obferving
the Situation of Buds, a Branch
H E NCE
may
it follows, that
fill
be produced to
up any Place
defired.
%
STANDARD-Trees
^tis
are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs
tlieir
5
and
much
better to cut in
Heads very
at
clofe,
than to plant them
as
very large.
If
we
are careful
all
to prune
under Buds,
direded for
Dwarfs, and rub away
I .
inward Buds, other 1
we may
form very hand
b
fome Heads
in the firft Year.
THE
'
Standard-Trees
Fruits
are, fa that they
well rooted, the
better, and will produce
-
than Qiiantity, greater fooner, ahjd in
fuch
:
b '
60
MON
cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds,
A
&c.
Or)
i-.
provided planted, are ufually which Trees, fmall fuch
that
they are
•r
THE
Diflance o
Fruit Trees
iri
from one another^
3
is
a very material
Point to be confider'd
exhaufl:
Planting
for if
we
for
plant too near,
we
foon
our
Soil,
if
and deftroy our Trees,
plant too thin,
want of Air
for Perfpt
lefs
ration
5
and
5
we
we
fufFer
is
a Lofs by having
the beft.
than
we might
but of the
two
Evils the laft
PEA,R-Trees
Kinds, which
require
,
much Room
as tnc
ome to extend themfelves, an di;
Bon-cretien, and
I fliall
Kinds more than oth
Summer
many
if
other
when
I
come
to their Defcription
take Notice of 3
but in general
we may aflign 3 o
Feet for their Difta ice.
And
between
every two Trees
w
:
plant
two
others of different Kinds, as a
Plumb
the
and a Cherry, or a Peach and an
of the Pears require,
Ap
to be cut
away
as the Grovcth
we
fliall
have no Lofs in the Walling, dur
Time
\
of their Growth.
WHEN
Apricots,
we
plant entire Walls of Peaches, Cherries,
Plumbs, and
they
may be
placed at twelve, fourteen,
or fixteen Feet
Diflance, except the early fmall
May
Cherry, which need not be more
.
than eight Or ten fctt apart.
I
1
STANDARDS
at the leaft,
planted in the open Air, fliould be
jo Feet apart
but 35
is
is
much
nean
better,
and
if
you plant Dwarf-Trees between
them, ^40 Feet
very large, but
full
Thefe Diftances
may
appear to fome People
1
when
and
f
they confider the Neceffity of a free circulating Air
*
Perfpiration,
the Benefits of an under Crop, they will find the
4
Advantages thereof
#
N.
B.
IF the
Roots of Trees are very dry after taking up^ foal their
Roots for an
no more
the Water
Hour
or
tqsjo >
Vound of
their
Water, &c. hut immerge
attract
\
their Roots, that
Heads may Jlrongly
t
I
I
IF
^i
your Trees^ after tallng up, are to he fent any "Difiame^ le fure that you fecurely pack them up mth
e
n
I
#
Straw and Mats, from
the
Wind,s
i
1
t
^
.j
t^
I.
v,
The
Fruit-Garden
perifl:
Illujlrated.
61
Motji
ei
Wind.5 and Air, 'whkh oftentimes exhale away
all their
d
therely
IF Prop
present the "Planting of Trees after taling up, theyfljould
he kept in a
warm
Cellar^ Sec.
and
cover
d
c lofe
from the external
Air^ until the Frojls a
gone
^
an dth
foaling their Roots, plant
them as lefore
dire6ied,
HAVE
^antity
already
as can
advifed the preferring of Roots in as great a
at taking up^ at
h
which Time
I muft
Sec.
caution you
mt
toll
drawing or
wrenching,
hut
tale
Time, dig large deep Holes, and take them up with Care
WHE N you purchafe Trees from a Nurferyy
than that of the Nurfery^ and
and'obon^e firong
±
always olfcrve that the
Soil wherein you are to plant them^ le as good or rather better
efpecially if
your Trees
are, not
over^
5
but luxurious Trees being planted from a rich
<r
'
grown^ they immediately fhrivel, y the other Hand, when Fruits hang on the Trees a longer Time than
and bein g not And on and become toug
their
Juices are ripen'd, their Juices are immediately prefpired or exhaled away.
and the
\
CHERRIES
deep black
y
are
fit
i
to be gather'd
ey
when
ee
they are become a very
and indeed,
have a
rying Air, cannot be too
after
much
ripen d.
They
3
are beft
being eaten from ^the ^Trees,
out of Spring Water
after
a
Shower of Rain
but mofl:
commonly
is
Dinner.
The
the
bell
Time
to gather
them
che Morning,
when
the Crudities of
Dew
are evaporated, before the
Heat of
t
the
V
'
Day comes
I—
on.
i_^.
^-Jh
m
crifp,
laft,
AT RICO TSy
are varioufly eaten
5 5
n)}%.
the
MafcuUne, Romany Turkey, and Bruxels
eat
fome delighting to
little
them when
5
others
in
when mellow, or a
humble Opinion,
is
foft,
but not mealy
all
which
my
the bed, becaufe that then
in the others are
the Juices are in their
utmoft Perfection, which
crude and immature.
—
SOME
beft
when
fo
is Bruxel the indeed Tree, and delight to eat them from the which gathering, after others not until the next Day eaten
5
o
^
t
82
o
the
#
O
to be
laid fingly
MON
on dry Vine Leaves
-1
Or
>
two feems
the beft, being gather'd in the
Cool of
the
Evening, and
J
t.
*
PLUMBS,
they will
fall
bein
next in Order^ fliould hang on the Trees until
afy
an
Touch of
the Finger
ri
5
but when they drop
their
off themfelves,
fipid
they are generally too
pe i
•I
and
^^
Taftes become
*
r-.
#M
^ :
•
*V
k *
BUT
dor^
there
are
fome
Sorts
of Plumbs which fiiould remain on the
Trees until they begin to
flirivel,
and thofe are
t\\^
^een-Mother ^Tyrab"
Fruit whatfoever.
t
and Imparatrke, which
are then equal to
any
PLUMBS
off,
fhould be gather'd in the Morning,
when
the
Dew
is
before the Heat
their
comes
and
fhould
as they
in general
have a beautiful
ngle Fing
Flew on
and
a
Surfaces,
we
ather
them with a
Thumb only,
or
i
laying them in Nettles,
!•
when we
intend to keep
them
Day
two
are
after gathering.
%
FIGS
they
fit
to gather
foft
when Drops
about
Fig
appear
their
Ey es
)
when
hang
al
become very
pendant
in
and
{hrivel'd
if
their Stalks,
fo as to
mod
Sides,
In
fliort,
have a
free
drying Air, they
J
be too ripe
our Climate.
5
When you
and
in like
.
gather Tigs,
y
th
em on
up
their
on dry Vine Leaves
Manner when
.
ferv'd
for the
\
Table.
-M
•t
REACHES fhould be
muft be
becaufe
laid fingle
w
gather'd
when
or
they part from the Tree
after
by
a gentle Touch, and are beft a
Day
two
being gather'd.
They
i
1
on Vine Leaves, on
their
Stalk-End or Bottoms,
when
they are laid on their Sides, they inftantly
grow
rotten.
GRATES
with a
faint
czxiwot
be too well ripen
d,
and
therefore the
longer
1
they hang, fo that they are not fhriverd or mouldy,
better
3
All
ting'd
I
i
White Grapes are generally
e
whe
they are tranlp
and
Amber Colour
Grap
in
next the Sun
X
TO
every
pref<
a long while a
npe
ris
ufual
to
tie
up
Bunch
5
Paper Bags, dipped in fweet Oil,
juft before they
fully ripen'd
others gather
them
at that
Time,
d feahng up their End
wi
t
I
f
I
\
I
The Fr u I T -G A R p
with
E
N
lUujlrated.
Wax, hang them
:
fingly in
a
warm Room, which
Method
in a very dry
will
preferv
them a long while
was
to gather
But the very
beft
that I could ever difcove
them when nearly
ripe,
:
Day,
clofin
u
e
Orifices
of their Stalks with
Wax
and then
after havir
g hung about th
eir
Space of
M
Day,
to perfpire
away what
Crudities
they had in
Juices, I put each
Bunch
in a glazed Earthen Veffel, in fuch
Man
u
each
fcal'd
to han
wi thin
Side,
without touch in
any Part thereof 5 and having
I fiird
before prepared a fufficient Quantity of Sand well dried,
s
Pot therewith
?
and then 'With wooden Covers
to
their
Tops,
them down,
^
lb as to let
I
no Air
or Moifture
till
in.
Then
placing
my P
in
a
warm
Cellar,
kept them
three
my
Occafion
recjuir'd
me
to u
Fruits,
"'tis
which was about
real
Months
after their natural Seafon.
my
Opinion, that not only thefe Sorts of
Fruits,
bur Peaches >
Apricots^ Plumbs,
^r. may,
the
fame Method, be kept
many
Months beyond
their
common Time.
away
the Sand from the Bunches,
I
WHEN
in clean
V#
I pour'd
dipped them o
the
Water, made Milk-warm, which wafhed
off the Grit
Sand, and caufed a Kind of a Flew to fucceed.
i
SUMMER'Tears
Perfe(ftion
(like
moft other Summer
ree
Fruits) are in greateft
5
b v a gentle Touch
but thofe
that fall
mealy. generally are themfelves of
to be eaten in like manner, which
AND
wi
Monjieur
fome Autumn
Fruits are
not keep a long while
Johriy^
aftet gathering,
and fuch
are.
the BureeSy
&c.
'T
-V
BOTH
fee
felf
Autumn and Winter
has
Fruits
muft not be gather'd
until
you
your
them
that
then for themfelves, ofF begin to drop
you may aOu
very
Nature
performed
her Part
3
rudent to lay
Wall-Trees our under clean Wheat Straw
Dwarfs, Efpaliers, indeed and
to preferve the
firft
and Standards
;
alfc
wh
the
Kinds are good,
per-
fed
Fruits
from being bruifed
^
AND
come
be fure that you
gather in your Winter
Fruits before the Fr^fts
»
an dry, perfedly are on, and that they
forting Fruits,
at gathering,
free
from
Bruifes
firft,
The
the
beft Method of
uking
the beft
the
t
\
I
ff.
M
^
N
Or
V
I
?
A.*-!.
the next beft, and laftly the fmall ones.
This Method prefer ves "them
from
thofe Bruifes J
w hich
5
cannot be avoided^
when
the feveral Sizes oT
in forting.
L
I
Fruits are gather'd together,
and afterwards tumbled about
V.
r
THE
d the
bei n g
clofer
that
Autumn
arid
Winter
e
Fruits are kept
from the
A
y
lefs
difturb'd in
free
firft
e eping
long
an
b
wi
keep >
war m
5
from Verm ine, which we mufl:
keep in
3
carefully guard.
again
the
the
Windows
clofe >
with fweet Wheat Straw
and
the latter with Traps^ Cats,
&
g
thick
THE
are
feveral
eral
Kinds of Fruits
befl:
w
And
this
follow in the enfuing Chapters,
Itho' I
in
of the
Sorts
ripe
h
placed to every
it is
Fruit, the
Day on which
"'twas
Year
727. yet
not to
e
expeded
I
tW
every Year hereafter will produce them at the fame
Soils alters the
Time
Good
the
have already proved that the different Nature of
nefs
of
Fruits,
and
therefore the
:
fame
as
is
to be underftood in the Scafons
Fruits which
of Ripening and Duration
For
thofe
grow on
Tops of Trees
having
lefs
are fooner ripe than the others nearer to the Roots, they
Nourifiiment communicated to them
Soils,
are Fruits
lefs
much
For
forwarder in dry, fandy, gravelly
Moifture, than Lands that are
tho' Moifture
which have much
Plenty of
more
plentifully ftored therewith
promotes Growth^ yet k
retards ch
ivracurity
of
Fruits
and
'tis
therefore that the
Opening of the Roots of Fruit-Trees
be confiderably forwarder
e
'*
in moift
Land
caufes their Fruits to
AND
Fruits,
fince that the
different
Natures of
'tis
Soils caufe Fruits
to ripen
fooner in one Place than another,
as Pears,
therefore that
fome Peoples Winter
&c.
are ripe and gone before their Neighbours are
fcarcely eatable.
Jt
-**
#^
/
s>
I.
fv
A
p.
TLve F R u
»
I
T-G A
R
t)'E
N
lUujiratel
*
«
/
-
w
'
k1
f
~i
H
fiij.
I
XV.
t.
^
h
Of
1
H
produce
three,
R
their Fruits,
HERRIES
of the
either
.
on the
or
lateral
Snags
two and
only,
,
&c.
Years
Wood
on
the lad Year's
Wood
Fig,
II.
as the early
May^ and Morella
Cherries 7 and
their yearly Sh9ots
fliould not be topp
is
or prun
e
For by
"Plate
It
XVL
which
the
laft
Year's Shoot of
Morella
PP the Shoot which would have been
y,^jiv>
Cherry y
a
ears that
moft of the Jruits
cut
are produced at the
End of
away, had
that Shoot been prun'd
at the
End,
as
is
ufual.
«
V
THE
produces
Fruit this
that tliat
Wood
which
Year^
is
always barren
after,
excepting now^and-tlien
forae few
is
as fuch Spurs, or Fiddes
d
i,
{Fig. III. Plate IV.)
its
where
AB
Year's laft the of Part
Shoots,
with
Buds fwelling
for Bloffonij
and
B
C
the barren
Wood
of two Year's old.
''
NOW
we
all
feeing that the
yearly Shoots become barren
after
once bearing
every Year
Neceffity the taught are thereby
for a Trees, our of the Parts
of preferving new Wood For when Succeffion
their
Care
is
not taken
in their Fruits produce our Trees
extreme Parts only, and
barren wholly are Parts their interior
r
THE
Morella Cherry,
when
well ripen'd,
is
an
ex cell
Fruit tor
the Table,
Preferving, for as well as
and
is
Bearer great very a
Z
THE
r
\
85
O
THE
Fruits in the
M
N
A: Or
^^
i
1
fmall
May-Cherry y
{Fig.
11.
"Plate
XVII.) produces
its
fame Manner
as the preceding,
and
therefore
we mu
the like
Manner
preferve the yearly Shoots to fucceed thofe
:
which produce
Fruits the
fame Year
But fometimes
the
Wood
of two Years old, pro-
duces Fiddes or Spurs, which bring good Fruits, (as
dd
d^
&^
Fig.Y
Plate IV.) the two Years
Wood
of the May-Cherry.
r
THE
%\
yearly Shoots of this Cherry have their
Buds very
nearly
fet
together, zs
dd
d,
&c.
reprefented in Fig. IV. of the fame Plate,
\
and
therefore produce great Quantities of Fruits,
THE
and
HolmanS'fDuh,
{Fig A. Plate
feen
XVH.)
is
an excellent
Fruit,
great Bearer, as
may be
by
the BloiTom^Buds
dddy &c.
{Fig All.
»
Plate ly.) which are fituate on the two Years
Wood B
the
firft
C, near to
whence the
are
laft
Year's Shoot
AB
was produced.
in
:
The Buds hbh^ &c.
Year
after
Leaf-BudsJ
whi ic
prepare themfelves
they are produced ) to bea r Fruits in the fecond
And
the like of the
White znABJackHeart, {Fig. lY,Y.Plate XVIII.) whofe feveral Branches and Buds are in the fame Manner exhibited in Plate IV- Fig. I and II.
1 '
THE
Carnation-Cherry, (Fig.UL
PlateXVL)
late,
it
in
is
good Land,
is
an ex
(
cellent fine large firm
pulped Fruic, comes
If
*tis
and
better
from a Standard
than againft a Wall.
i
well ordered
produces a good Crop, for
it
naturally produces
much
BlofTom, as
and IV. Plate V. where the BlofTom
preparing themfelves for opening
.
may be feen by the Buds Fig. II Buds d d dy &c. Fig. IV. are but
&c.
are
:
But thofe of Fig. ll.hhhy
greatly expanded, even almoft into Bloflbm.
-» *
THE
v
Corone, Gafcoigne,
Bleeding-Heart-CherrieSy being pro
duc'd on Fiddes or
of the two Years
/
Wood
need no further
Explanation.
^''-r
THERE
and therefore
with
their true
are
many
other Kinds of Cherries that are very good.
the Luke^wardy Morifco,
&
which
I
could
procure
Sealbn,
omit
their
Defcriptions until
can gratify the Curious
Reprefentations and Qualities.
\
N.
B.
THJT
•
f
The
F R u I t-G
A RD E
N
lUufirated.
N.
B.
THAT the Leaves
are exa6iJy after
of the feveral
Fmts
hing
reprefented in this
the r6al
Wori,
Nature
itfelf
Inipref'
Jions printed from the
Bad
of every Leaf
nsjhen they nsjeitejirfi
taken from their rejpeifive TreeSi
THE
^
'
'
_m- -
_
•
•
feveral Fruits ari aljo
as
hccurately delineated^
which
/
performed,
hy cutting them exaBly thro' from their Vertexes^ per^
to
pendicuJarly
their
Bafes
3
and then
laying their S€£tions on
Papery
I truly
traced their Oui-lines^ hy the extreme ^arts of their
as
SeSiionSy
and afterwards Jhadowd them
herein exhibited
j
fo
that
I
can jufily fay,
they are a perfe£i
and
exa£i Geometrical
Reprefefitation of Nature*
f"
/
V
X
\r
\
>
••
88
rv
i
MO N
\
J
-'i
T
Or
>
^
«
' 4
«
J
X
»
-
N»
».1?
t,
H
f-
\.
XVL
^^»
'^
\l
4- it
I
-
X
1
.
Of
/
TRICOTS,
laft
AbrlcotSy
"i
g
i
produce Fruits pn the
Year's Shoots, and therefore
we muft
always take care to
preferve
young
which
all
Wood
is
for
a Succeffion, that
when we
are ob-
lig'd to cut out that
as IS fruitfi
barren,
we may
fupply the Stead with that
But
the Fruits are not produc'd
on
the extreme, or laft
Year's Shoots, becaufe the
Wood
of two Years old does generally produce
Fig. IL "Plate
fmall
fruitful
Branches,
2is
bhd. Fig A. and mnho,
-^
i
XIX.
which
-.
like wife
produce good Fruits.
--
THE
2is
fmall lateral Branches are oftentimes naiFd in
1
at full
Len
> J
as
cnh 0, Fig. hh Fig. I
IL but they produce better Fruits
when
cy are pruned
THE
you
firft
ripe Apricots are produc'd at the Joint,
(as at
between the
firft
and fecond Year's Wood,
fee thofe
B, Fig.
III.
'Plate VIII
and IX.) where
"V
Bloflbms are fully blown^ whilft the others above, ^t ccc are not half f( much expanded, becaufe they receive lelTer and
later
Nourifhment from
the
Roots than thofe at
than thofe at
r
(t
B
5
and
in like
manner
that
thofe
are
atdSd,
lefs
and
later
r
3
and
therefore
it is
we
furnifh'd with feveral Crops,
they to ripen all together at
whereby they continue much longer, than were one Time But 'tis always found that the firft
:
Crop
is
the beft.
THE
np e
Mafculine Jpricot,
'tis
{Fig.
I.
¥late XV.)
is
firft
that
is
d when
difcretionally thin'd 3
3
timely gather'd,
is
worth
the Notice of the
moft Curious
but
when
they are fufFer'd
row
m
*
If
I
^e FrUIT-G AR DfeN
in
lUuftratel
89
they
great Quantities,
and gathered before or a
r
they
ij pe,
worth nothin
THE
Fruit
next Apricot
irt
Order of Ripening
is
is
the
Roman
the true
Jpricot,
(Fig,BCDEyTlate XV.) which
gather'd before
'tis
a very great Bearer, and pleafant juicy
to
is
mealy
Orange
Apricot^ which, of the two,
Sorts 3
the Turkey,
much
the beft Fruit
But
th e very beft
Bruxeh
Or Breday
commonly
called the Brujfeh
Apricot
THE
\
Turkey Apricot^ {Fig,
Fruit,
II.
91ate XV.)
is
is
an
excellent,
fine
F
beautiful, pleafant-tafted
but
generally a bad
CO
Bearer
when
over- loaded
with
Branches, 7
accordi ing
the
laid
common
at the
Method
of nailing
theni.
But on the contrary, when
'tis
*
Length oF
their Leaves, as before directed,
after the others,
a Fruit that npens
bout a Month
and continues fome Time.
THE Bruxel Apricot
beft
^
{Fig,
III.)
is
a
npe about
this
Time, an
all the
on a Standard
5
'tis
a very great Bearer, and the very beft of
its
feveral
Kinds of Apricots,
Pulp being always firm, with a
fine brisk
high-flavour'd Juice.
either b^t^Gra
Situation.
'Tis beft propagated
Inoculation.
on the Mufcle-Plumb
Stock,
delights
warm
',*
Soil ancJ
>^
3^
'J
t
^Mf^,^
t^
«
->
a
#^-
.1.
\
po
M
N
A: Or
7
y
H
Of
/
XVII.
u M
their
I
i
L UMB S
as well as
produce
Fruits
on
2iS
the
lafl:
Year's Branches 3
the
on fmall
lateral
Snubs,
a a dj
&c. on
two
Years
Wood,
Fig. IV. "Plate XIX.
*
THE Bloflbm-Buds of
are double, as c
c,
as well as
of Reaches and Jprtcots >
are fingle,
&c. and therefore eafily diftinguifli'd from Leaf-Buds, as i ^, &c. Fig. III. ^late XIX.
Years Shoots have
lateral Shoots, as I
WHEN the
"P/ate
kfl:
H K, FigAll
fliort.
XIX.
'tis
neceflary to reduce
them within an Inch, or an Inch
h k
5
and half of the grand Sh
but thofe that are very
H, may be
/"
left
unpruned
1
THERE
Notice, I
are a
very great Variety of Plumbs, of which
ome
are
I
very good, and o
very bad
">
which
lafl:
bein
worthy of our
ftiall therefore
only have regard to thofe that are valuabl
r
THE.
/
firft
I.
ripe
is
the Jean-hative^
is
White ^rimordian or London
fine clear
Tlumh^ {Fig,
white Flew )
^late XX.) which
of a
yellow.
with a
a great Bearer, and pleafant Juice,
xifcjme^y 1727
as
But
oftentimes
when
this Fruit
is
unskilfully
pruned
at
m
Fig.
"Plate
\
XXI,XXII. where the Shoots
thereby
3
AB
being prun'd
Bloffom-Buds, and
their Fruits
left deftitute
of Leaves which caufed them, are feldom
worth our Notice
for altho' they are within the
Power of Attraction,
and
fupplicd
with the Juices that are attraded up by the Branch
perfpire
C D,
of
I
yet for
want of Leaves they cannot fo well
away
the Crudities
r
*-
k
The
Fruit-Garden
1
lUuftrated.
91
:
of the Nourifliment they imbibe, and
Befides, bein g expofed to the
are
thereby rendcr'd imperfed
Sun and
Air,
their Sap-Veffels are thereby
dried
upJ and con equ ^ n
cannot receive Nouriniment in fo great a
Quantity, as
when
in a fupple duftile State.
THE Red
Trmordian {FigAL TlateXX.)
is
differs
very
little
frodi
the preceding, except in Colour, which
a dark Red, covered with a
its
Violet FleWj and the
nerally in Clufters,
pleafant-tafted. Fruit
i-
Manner of producing
Fruits,
which are ge-
(as Fig, HI. ¥late
XXI and
XXII.)
Tis a very
a Number
h
when
well ripen d, and not too great
upon
une
the Tree
I.
:
It ripens about three
Weeks
after the
Jean-hathey viz
THE
dark
Bearer,
Morocco "Plumh, {Fig. Ill "Plate X^^
IS
id ne Plumb
y
O vety
blackifh Blue, covered with a
light Violet
Flew, a goo
and
ripens about JuJy 14, 1727_«*
on an Eaft-Wall.
THE
ripen'd, as
reddifti Bl
Orleans
^hmb,
{Fig.
W.
9 late XX.)
ne
o
juicy
common,
Pulp when
Tis of
its
yet
i,
very valuable
Plumb >
well for
its
rm
we
!
being a conftant and
3
plentiful Bearer
plealant
)
]n Green yellowifh a and next the Sun,
the Stone
oppofite Parts
the
P
P
^
targe as as generally are Magnitudes common N. B. 4 Ripe XX. 7^7 Plate in reprefented B, prick' i Line A
«p
TBEIR
;
South'WeJi Wall.
t
%
Foderingham ^hmb,
in refpe6t to
its
THE
Sir
Father ingh
{Fig. "Vt.
Sheen the called
William Tempi
be
a fa
^hte tt.} alf( Plumb to
in
!
•
who
Next
liv
d
ac
Sheen
nesit
Richmond
J
Surry
)
?
hath
and firm Pulp very
crifp,
full
of
a
cellent rich
and comes
little
from the Stone
!
the
Sun
'tis
a dark
but a pleafant
Red, a
fpotted,
and
Flew Violet light thin very a with coyer'd
an Cold and Wet J are Seafons hen w hard, fomething ripe before Bloffom-End, its at pen to
very
Fruit
indifferent very but Wall, South-Eaft a gainft
:
«:
}
ITS
at
Skin
1
fuch Times
'tis
Tis an
excellent
when
V^
Efpalier or a Standard
Ripe July
i
7^7
South-Eaft
••-.
Wa
THE
'..
.<
-¥
43
l^.
.
I'
i
-*
A
'*
4
^
*
\. » »•
t V
«
I
^*
02
O M ON
«
-f
A: Or
a»'
'^
?
>
THE
beautiful
tis
ImpertaJy {Fig.
V-
3^/^^^
XX.) or Red Bonum Magnum^
5
IS
a
but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw
and
IS
therefi
oftner
u fed
Baking
Preferving
5
&
an
much
efteem'd,
i
by
the Curious: Ripe July 15. North- Weft
Wall
1 .
THE
for the
Violet
Tluml
:
{Fig, VII.) an old but valuable
Plumb,
either
Table or Tarts
The Pulp
is
of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd
3
with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew
Bearer,
\
(^
'tis
\
a great
and worth the Notice of the moft Curious
:
Ripe July
5,1727.
Weft Wall.
I
THE
Royal
(or Sir Charles Worfleys)
its
Fig. VIII. Tlate
XX.)
eaves
\
I
fo called in refpeft to
very rich fugar'd juicy Pulp,
which
to the Stone, and
is
covered with a light
Red about
to rot
the Bloffom-End >
with faint red Specks from the fame. endi in
beft in
ripe
in a yellowifli
Green
:
Tis
warm
moift Lands, bein
fubjecft
upon the Tree before
its
in
wet Lands,
'Tis a
:
and-Iofes very
plavour.
good Bearer J
much and may e
of
fine^
rich 5
aci
-.;
juftly plac'd
in the
firft
Rank of Plumbs
Ripe July 20, 1727. South-^Eaft Wall.
THE
cellent
Blue or
5
Violet Terdrigon, (Fi£.
IV
^7^f^ XXIIL)
is
an exViolet
Plumb
its
Pulp richly fugar'd, and covered with a
fine
Flew, fomething yellowifli with
T
very beft in England
:
Ripe July 2 o.
good Bearer, and one of the Weft Wall
THE
#
Pulp
it,
ii
White "Perdrigon {Fig. V. flate XXIII.)
J
is
a yellowifli
Plumb >
Its
fometimes fpotted with reddifh
•1
d with a white Flew
yellow within^ very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending and comes from the Stone, but the Sk often fomething bitterifli.
:
'
Tis a good Bearer
Ripe Jugufi
^
i
.
Weft Wall
'x
'
A.
THE Mml
Plumb
5
'Perdrigm
(Fig.
Ill,
<Plate XXIII.)
,
is
an excellent
I 1
I
Pulp comes from the Stone very firm full of a rich gar'd d with an almoft black Skin, and fine Violet Flew y Ripe July 1 o. Weft Wall
its
^.
5>
THE
^'
•<
V
'-jc^;-;^^
.t^
1
-
4
i
s.
f
The
Fru IT-G ARD
Terdugon, {Fig. L
.e
FX
*i
E
%
NT
JUuflrated,
vt^\
n
4
m
f-
THE
Fru
1
&r«9
P//jf^ XXIII.)
is
a
moft
beautiful
>
>
d with a
ripen'd,
harfli
Cnmfon Red
its
and
aint
Pearl-colour'd
when well
fomething
J
Rip
are
\ ery agreeable,
which othcrwifc
and
acid
u
ao, Weft Wall.
THE Chejton
Fruit
I
9lumh,
'
Fig. IL "Plate XXIII.)
is
a moft delicious
its
rich
d therefore
defc
a South Eaft Wall
':
5
Colour
IS
a deep
Indigo, covered with a fine Violet Flew
fore
Tis
a
good Bearer,
r
at
d
no Gentleman
that
delights in thefe Fruits fliould be without
i
Klpc July 15. Weft Wall
/
t
-i
\
r
THE
Plumb,
the Stone,
Maitre Claude, iFtg,
of a fine
rich Juice,
YL
"Plate
Villi)
i§*
another excellent
full
and a firm Pulp, which comes from
Mixture of Red and Yellow
and cover'd with
^3
eautiful
Ripe
u 7
South-Eaft Wall.
«*
„i>
^'
THE
Pearl-
Reme
Claudia, ot
^een
Claude, {Fig, VIH.
Suti
"P^e
XXIIf.)
is
an excellent Plumb, yellow next the
when
ripe >
and covered with a
very firm^ comes
fi-om the Stone,
and
is
very
uice, a
*
good
Bearer
*
J
:
Ripe Jugujl
S'.
Weft Wall.
THE
k
White Mirahle, (Fig. VH. ^Iqte XXIII.)
great Bearer
5
is
a fmall Amber-
colour'd Plumb, and a
its
Pulp cornes from the^ Stone >
and
very
\
is
vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice.
The
^^_*
Fruits are
Biit
richly fugar'd,
finer againft
even when produc d on Standards, or Dwarfs,
much
an Eaft or South- Eaft Wall
:
Ripe ^uly zo, i/z/
from a Standard.
T H E White
of a
>
»i
Matchlefs, {Fig.
I Plate XXI V.)
d with a white
is
a beautiful Fruit,
yellow Colour,
is
rl
Wh en
this
Fruit
well ripen d, us an excellent
is
Plumb, but
5
if eaten beforejis ripe,
I
f
the Pulp
fgrnething harfli
and
acid
tis
a tolerable good Bearer
Wall Weft Rive July 14, 17^7'
i
r
^^
^Mr-
[j;^^
THE
i
f,
^-.-1
.^*?V
y
:
/
94
M
i
N
r
I
A: Or
J
%
THE
Vfc
Black ^amojine^ {Fig.
its
IJ.
^Iate XXIV,)
is
a very pleafant
5
d Pli^pb, upon
f.
Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd
greenifh
its
Pulp
comes from the Stone ?
a blackifii Blue>
Bearer
:
Yellow within, vpry deep or
fine
rather
d with a
Viokt Flew
3
'
3
tis
a very
o6d
Ripe July 25^ 17x7. Eaft Wall
-,
1
/
THE ^en
when
is
Mother, {pig. Ill
TlmXXlV.) h
which
an excellent
its
r
Fruit
fully ripen
d
fo as to
be a
little fhri vel'd
on the Tree 5
rich
Pulp
yellowy within,
comes from
the Stone
is
very fmall in Prop
its
tion to the
Whole 5 next
3
the Sun
a dark Red, which lofes
felf
with
a few red
in
a dark Yellow
T
a very
good Bearer
but in
fome wet
Soils 'tis
very fubje^t to be Maggot-eaten within-fide
*>
Ripe
Augufl 12 J
727. South Wall
THE
Stone
,
Green Gage, {Fig. IV.
;
'Plate
r ichly
XXIV.)
fugar'd,
Skiri
is
another of the very
beft Plunmbs
3
its
Pulp
is
g
y
and comes from the
^
ys cover'd with a greenifh yellow
wh
when
ripe >
hati1
Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew Th > ^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^ Mother^ is very fubjed to Worms or Maggots in wet Seafbns : 'Tis a gve^t ^ec^ret xK^xett vrcii pruned, and is an excellent
little
a
Fruit
even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but
much
better againft a South-Eaft
Wall
Ripe
'July
727. Eaft Wall
THE prab-^or, ot Cloth of Gold,
x
{Fig. V. 'Plate
XXIV.)
fnlljr ripe,
is
oth'er
mofl
>
valuably; Plutrib
its
Pulp
is
richly fugar'd
when
1
yellow
^i
within, and comes clean from the Stone
"bellow, fpeck'd with
Out'fide
a deep beautiful
Red, and
:
-X'
d with
very light Pearl-colour'd
Flew
very great Bearer
Ripe July 20. Weft Wall
r
J
THE.
St.
Catherine
{Fig. IV. Plate
XXIV.)
it
is
an excellent good
Plumb, when
great Bearer
:
difcretionally thin'd
on the Tree,
being naturally a very
The
Pulp
3
is.
very fir;n and fw
,
)
yellow
ithin^
but
cleaves to the Stone
\
Qut-fide
X
15,
an Ambcr-colour, cover'd with
whitifli
Flew.
IN
rated
'
a wet Seafon
'tis
fubjed to
Worms which
r
I
believe to be
3
-
the Crudities of the Sap,
g
want of
Perfpiration
becaufe
when
:i
I
(
*.--
u -•-
1
.-:
The
when
Vkt IT-G ARDEN^
nm
Illufiratedi
'9«
they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo
much
afFeifled
therewith
..>
KifcJugT4jl 12, 1727. Eaft Wall.
i
T HE Tellow ^iap
is
2>iap
5 7
d "PIurn b,
its
(Fig: IV.
9hu xxir.)
as
a fmall but very good Fruit
Pulp
is
a beautiful YelloW with
ftiuft
and without, and comes 'from
f
the Ston
be eaten
on
as
ather'd, being fomething
mealy when kept a Day
two
afterwards
RTpe* Jugufl '6;\7i7, Eaft
Wall
Tlate
THE
Fruit
5
Turkey Tlumb,
Pulp
is
XXV.)
is
a large beautiful
fts
of
ia
greenifli
Yellow within, very
ripe
:
fweet,
and cover'
with a pleafant
blackifli
Red when
'Tis
a tolerable good Bearer
Ripe^^f/y 20, 1727. South Wall.
THE
Tlate
Mogul
alfo
'Plumh
called
or White
B.
Mag
'tis
>
{Fig
n
very
tis
1
XXV.)
the
White Holland, or "Dutch Tluml, an ex
^
cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving
when
ripe
its
Pulp
is
yellow within,
well as
without, and cover'd with a
fine
white Flew
ripe
J
The Pulp
Eaft Wall
flicks to
the Stone, hath a fine fliarp
Acid when
very good Bearer, and a beaiftiful'tr
l^ii^crJt^Uji 20,
1717 South
A
THE
being
firft
Wentwrth
flumh, Fig. IV. Tlate
XXV.)
fo called
from
its
Elrl of the Honourable Right the of Gardens planted in the
at Strafford
Tkoichnham
:
Its
Form, Colour, and Tafte,
are
exacfbly
the
?ame
in
as the
Mogule
it,
5
but as the
it is
Mog^h
a
cleaves to the Stone, this
parts freely
I
from
and
therefore
3
looked upon
to
:
be the very beft
Ripe Augujl 20 ;
Plumb
England
for Preferving
'tis
good
Bearer
i
Wall. South-Eaft 727.
THE
/
Imperatrke, {Fig. HI. 'Plate
XXV.
called
by fome
th
late
Violet ?
Blue ^erdrigon)
the
is
a moft
delicious Fruit
>
when
is
fufFer'd
to
hang on
Tree
until
'tis
a
little
ftiriverd
Pulp
a greenifli Yellow
Acid, fugar'd fine a with within, vaftly rich,
and
cleaves to the Stone
7
The
good
Oot.fidc
Bearer
:
is
a blackifli
Red,
Flew Violet cover'd with a fine Wall South-Eaft 727.
tis
Ripe September 10,
THE
.
96
mi
t\
MON
{Fig,
I.
Or;
?
?
THE Wbite
1
*
Pear "Plimh
TIate IIV,)
alfo,
is
another excellent
its
Plumb
I
for Prefervin^,
and the Tabic
when
fully ripe,
5
Juice
bein
is
very agreeably mix'd with a pleafant fugar'd Acidity
5
the
Pulp
a yellowifli Green^ cover'd with a fine light Flew
ripens late, Septemher 10,
^tis
a good Bearer,
and
+
1727. North Wall.
N.
B.
THE
it
Black Pear Plumb,
5
(Fig. IL)
tts
is
an
excellent
Fruit fc
Baking and Treferving
yet
an
ahh
a
n^ery
common
muji not therefore he defptsd^ as wife Fhrifls do good Flowers
they become
when
common
in e^very
Mans Garden lejides
their
own.
» *
1^
a
*
—^1^1
J
p
i
t
v
-*\
v^
,v-»
/
*ii
>^
/
.
The
R
UIT
AH DEN
iJInftratcd.
91
K^n
Alphabetical
their
TABLE
Times
the preceding of
Plumbs,
differe ti
e^chihiting
Ripenln
or
and
Afpedls.
Ripe.
'ffpcffs.
Cheston
I
'July
ly,
1
Weft Wall
Soiith-Eaft,
Catherine
Drab-d'or
^Ug. 12 f
U
20 3
J
Weft.
Eaft.
Faft.
DiArRE Tel/ow
Damosine Black
Aug
u
y^z/y
,
I
M
F
>
fotheringham
14^
So I It Ii- Eaft,
Eaft.
Green Gage
Jean-Hative
Imperial
y//i^
30,
June
10
Soutli-Eaft,
.Norch-Wcft.
Sept,
Imperatrice
Sourh-Eaft.
Mir ABLE White Morocco
Maitre Claude
Matchless White
Orleans
primordian
lO
u
Standard.
Eaft.
*
M
July 23,
July 24
South-Eaft.
t
Weft.
South-Eaft.
Perdrigon Blue
Perdrigon White
Perdrigon
Aug.
10
1
>
Weft.
We
Weft.
*
•if
Musk
lo July
July 50 >
Perdrigon Cerney
Weft.
Queen Mother Royal
Reine Claudia
Aug.
u
\
1
South
South-Eaft,
20 J
Weft.
Turkey
t
20
>
-^
South.
>
j-t
Violet
..V-
J^b
—
b
M
Weft.
South-Eaft.
Wentworth
Plumb Phar White
r
I
-^w^. 2 o
>
North.
c
i
t
'T
MON
A: Or
;
-:
H
0/"
XVIIL
</»i
PEACHES
LTHO'
NECTARINES.
in
their
\
Nedlarines differ from Peaches
their
5
Colour^
V
Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet
Propagation and
Manner of Pruning, ^r:
treating
are the
fame
fo that
when
am
on
the ordering
of Peach-Trees, the fame
is
to
be underftood of
Neftarine Trees.
ALL
Wood >
the
Kinds of Peaches prod
as
the
II
Fruits
III.
upon
the
laftYear
>
A
)
Fig, VII.
^hte
th
\]c
and
which never bears
as
but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards,
CD
E, on B F
two Years Wood
d
/fhc /mall
Sfioots
DEFG, (i^-.X.)
Seafon
produced from, the two Years
'tis
Wood X
W of
the Catherhie Peach
therefore that
pref(
a
fufficient
we muft always, during the Summer Quantity of new Wood to fucceed the old
*
THE Bloflbm-Buds of Peaches
than the Leaf-Buds
i i /,
Jll,&c. being very plump, and larger
&€.
are eafily diflinguifli'd
from them, when
we
come to make Choice
thereof at the
'".1
Time of
.^r^
Pruning.
IT
appears
by
the Shoots of the Apricot
{Eg.
III.
Vlate VIII, IX.)
than thofe at
that the Bloffoffls at the
extreme Parts
much weaker
in
B
For as the extreme Part
A
was produced when the Vigour of
the Sap
was over, and the Seafon colder than
very
the Spring, they are therefore
weak and immature
5
and
'tis
for this
Reafon
that the
Ends of young
Branches, which are produced late in the Spring, are prun'd.
V r
'•>^,^
BUT
t
-.1
The
FrU I T-G AR DEN
is
IHuJirated.
99
BUT
fince that there
not (b
much as one Leaf-Bud between B and A
muft not be prunjd, becaufe
to the Bloffoms )
>
therefore that at
A,
the extreme Bud,
other Leaf-Bud to attrad
Nourldiment
dpcrip
away
the Crudities thereof 5 for
off, the
was
that Shoot to
perifli
have the Leaf-Bud
A
prun'd
if
whole Branch would
when
the Fruits are ripen'd,
any happen to grow thereon.
AND
'tis
the very fame in the Branches of
Peach-T
Its
or was
the Branch
A
B, Fig, VI. "Plate VIII and IX. to have
it
leading
Bud
A
prun*d away,
would
II
die as aforefaid
5
but
if
the lad Year's Shoot
A B,
Fig. VII. ¥late
die. becaufe }
and
III.
were to be prun'd
at the
Bud
/,
it
would not
it is
extreme the Nature and of the lame as a Leaf-Bud, 9
Budi&
THERE
Vlate
II
are
many Kinds of
which
is
Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds
near tot heir BlofTom Buds, as
Fig, VUL n^&c. and n n Bfff.&c.Fig.YL
and
III.
a very great
Advantage to the
as well
Fruits, in
ftrongly attrading Nourifliment to them,
as freely perfpiring
away
the Crudities thereof.
.
and IX. VIII Plate IV.
and
BCD, &c.
and
'tis
Fig>
I.
Plate
XL
the laft Year's Shoot of the Albemarle
Peach
always
fruitful
;
feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the
bed
tailed and moft
w
PEACHES
have a very
of their
and
beautiful
Diffi
m
being
f<
the
the
Magnitudes and Colours
generality very large
Bloffom
The
earlieft
and
beautiful,
as the old
Nemngton,
Fig. II.
Plate
II,
Fig. VI.
&c. Peach, Albemarle the and IX. VIII, Plate III. and Fig, VI. very yet but fmall, very Kinds late the And III. Pl^te
the
I
beautiful in
Kinds, as the Cath
'Plate
y
Fig. VIII. Tlate
II, III.
the
/
V. Ftg. &c. Jdmkahle, kte
VHI, II
\
Quantity their upon much very depends Goodnefs of Peaches the Trees upon thick very left when thing any worth never are for they old the good makes which Temper, covetous a by which is always done
THE
iProverb, All covet, All
lofe.
THIS
V
f
lOO
'-
MON
on one
fingle Tree,
in the
:0r
?
THIS
very Year I number'd 103
Dozen of
which
Early, or
Smkh'sNew^
general \^ery
ington Reaches,
Garden of a very reputed
ein
Gardener for the Management of
fmall,
Fruits,
in
and
infipid tafted,
were
fold at
Market
for Six-pence
per Dozen
Now
had Nature been kindly treated with, and burden'd with 10 or 15
only, inftead of fo
Dozen
many, fhe would have been able
all
to ^have
produced them with their true Taftes, and
greatefl:
other Qualities, in the
Perfedion.
/
HAVING
fliould
already
laid
^down
the Difiances that the Branches
be
laid
from each bther^
(q^tz. the
Length of
their
Leaves)
ic
only remains to fiiew
Branches, which
is
their Difiances that
they fliould ripen at upon the
exhibited
by
Fig.
II.
"Plate
XI Vf.
we'll proceed to
-
THUS
themfelves.
far
by
Way of
Preliminary
5
now
J
the Fruits
I
'
F
v..
THE
I.
_
•"
firft
Peach
XXVII.)
its
White Nutmegy or Early White ^each 7
Juice
is
I
(Fig,
t
"Plate
?
fvveet
and fomething musky 5 when
rather
I
^
well ripen d
Col
very
B-
hr y
\
a pale Green
B
Rip e
UfJ£
'>
P
<''
\
South Wall
--.
('
THERE
!
is
alfo another Sort
of Nutmeg "Peach, which
after the
is
called the
Nutmegs or Troy Teachy which ripens foon
meg^ and
is
White Nut-
a great Bearer alfo
:
Its Fruits are
generally fomething larger
beautiful,
than the other, but in Tafte
much
the
fame , having a
j
broken 9
Vermilion red Colour next the Sun.
r
I
m
THE
Ann
<Peach, Fig. ll.9late XXVII.)
is
a fmall, but very good
H
Peach, fucceeding the
Nutmeg
>
:
Pulp
is
very pleafant^ and comes
r
-
from the Scone
5
tis
a good Bearer
Ripe July 10, 1727. Eaft Wall
^
ThiERed
fiill
Magdalene, {Fig. V.
"Plate
XXVII.)
good
Fruit,
is
zn^
very
*tis
of a rich fugar'd J
alfo the Infid'e
comes from the Stone y
of the Pulp next about
itfelf
it 3
W hich
V ed
>
next the Sun
a
blackifli
Red
which
lofes
in a
faint
Green
?
tis
a
ood Bear
Ripe July 20. South Wall
*.
THE
t
;
/
m
s
The
R U
I
T
A R
D
E
N
lUuftrat cd
loi
ft
THE
}
White
is
MagMane,
(Fig. VI. Plate
XXVU.) comes from
the
it
is
I
Scone, which
of a hght Cinamon Colour.
it
The Pulp
next the
is
next to
very white, excepting that Part of
i
which
is
Rib of
the Stone,
which
I
is
a
little
ting'd
with
Red
Juice,
:
The
Pulp
of a great Subftance,
'tis
_/
full
of a
fine
fugar'd
win
and melting
5
a good Bearer
Ripe Ju
}o.
Weft Wall.
THE
for the
Tuteon de Venice {Fig, IV. ¥latel\\U,)
like
it
:
is
commonly
taken
White Magdalene, being very
is
It
comes from
it is
J
•
the Srone
which
a
it
Cinamon Colour, but
only
differs
the
Pulp next about
a light Green
wherein
Fruit,
firom
:
e
White Magdalene p
us a
very
good
and a great Bearer
Ripe July 20. South- Weft Wall.
N.
B.
BO TH
thefe
lafi
Reaches have very
little
Red
in
them next
the Suny heing chiefly a pale Green.
THE
which
Juice
is
is
Ro%anna
a
{FigAW.
5
"Plate
XlVll^ comes
it
rom
the Stone
Its
)
brown Colour
y
rich,
'tis
the Pulp next about
in
is
very Green
vei
and therefore
great Efteem amon
it
the Curious
3
next
great Bea
Sun
very Red, which lofes
?ft
felf in
a faint Green
'tis
a
Wall.
alfo 'Plate XXVIII.) (Fig Nemngtoi Smith's 3 Bearer great and good Fruit, very a 3 Early Newington^ is in Op but my Nemngt the Old like } firm and very
y
i
THE
called the
Pulp
.
IS
much
r
fliort
of that moft delicate Fl
It
which the Old Newington abound
is
with
and Stone, the to adheres clofely
157
of a beautiful Red next the
Sun
-
Ripe July
727. South- Eaft Wall
Pulp abounds with a
fine
5
r
THE
as
is
Minion,
{FigM
and
Plate XXVIII.)
its
rich fuaar'd Juice,
adheres clofe to the Stone,
:
which
is
a dark
Red
full
Sun the next Outfide alfo the
The
Pulp
is
very firm, an
i
fmall red Spots under
cellent Fruit,
Skin, the of Part red the
:
when
pared
3
'tis
an ex
and a good Bearer
Ripe July
2 o.
South Wall.
THE
Fruit J
HYlll) Plate (FigAll NoMefs,
its
or Noilejl y
is
an excellent
and truly worthy o
Name
:
It
which Stone, the from comes
has
D
:
"iT
\
I
02
has a Peek
/
O
rifing
M
pper
N
End 5
is
A: Or
like that
•>
5
-
on
its
of the Fru
?
of a
brown
\
Colour, deeply indented, with
many
'Fibro
full
Parts of
Pulp
clofely
i
adh
to
The
Red
colour'd with
) D next the Stone, and ftreak'd with dark Streak
^
Pulp
melt
o
a
delicious
J
f Red without
Sout
t
next the Sun
5
a
ood Bearer
Rip
u
20)
7^7
f
\5rall
THE
Pulp
is
Monialon {Fig, IV. Vhte
tender
:
XXVIH)
is
an excellent Fruit
>
IS
Its
elti
comes from the Stone
Pulp next the ^tone
is
is
which
a
brown Red
The
Infide of the
mix'd with light
'tis
Red, but the Outfide next the Sun
Bearer
:
a deep
Red
3
a very
ood
Ripe
Jtily jo.
South Wall.
THE
I
Bordlne, (Fig.Y. "Plate
XXVIH.)
+
is'
a very valuable Fruit
J
Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous Tafte
nd of
lovely
Red
\
next the Stone, which
is
of a dark Cinamon Colour
:
which
fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres
lofi es
Next
in
the
Sun a fudden Red, which
CIS
felf
:
wi
fm a
>
Spots of
Red
a yellow Green
a
ood
Bearer
Ripe July
7^7 Weft Wall
{Fig.
is
THE
/
Newington
Ne6i^
I.
Plate XXIX.)
full
its
its
Pulp
clofely
adheres
u
the Stone, which
very red,
of an
excellent ric
it is
;
I
i
hen
perfe<5i:Jy ri'p
3
which
is
known
hansinff until
is
:
a
little
fhriverd
it felf
its
outward Colour next the Sun
very
red,
which
3
lofes
a ftron
Yellow
5
"'tis
a good Bearer
1;
Ripe July
7^7
South Wall.
/
THE
the Sun,
Roman Ne6iorme,
which
is
(F/^:. II.
is
Plate XXIX.)
its
r
its
Pulp
clofely
J
adheres to the Stone, which
loft in full
very red^ as alfo
outward Skin next
'tis
a fine deep
Yellow
f
Wh en
w ell
5
ripen'd
'tis
'tis
\
an excellent Fruit,
Bearer
:
of a
ne delicious fugar'd Juice
a
good
4
Ripe
"July jo.
South Wall.
THE
b
lof(
\
EJruge Ne^orine, (Fig.
III.
Plate XXIX.) has a
it 5
foft
meltin
Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about
but the Stone
Red
felf in
The
i7
Out'skin
is
a very black
Red
5
'tis
next the Sun^ which
a yellowifti Green next the
Wall
a very good Bearer
p
Ripe July
South Wall
t
THE
*
97j
i»^
f>
Fr
U
I
T-G AR D EN
lUnJirated.
103.
THE
moft
is
/ifj//^«,
oi-
Bvumon
Neftorhie^ {F!g. IV. tP/^r^ XXIX.)
IS
a
excellent, rich, vinous-flavour*d Fruir,
when
is
well ripcn'd
}
itsP u
is
very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which
lofes
it
very red, as alfo
pleafant
the
out Part next the Sun, which
felf
in a
Yellow
:
Ripe
Auguji6, 1727. South-Weft Wall.
THlB
f
i
\ y
(
Golden 'Nedomiey (called
r
fome J
o
fallly 5
le
Teinph
is
Ne0^
very
Fig* V-)
light
its
Pulp adheres very
clofe to the Stone,
which
of
i
Brown^
)
•
or Snuff
Colour
:
'Tis very yellow withi n as well
'tis
i
without, excepting next the Sun, where
Streak s o
the rerore
intermix'd with Spots and
S
1
Red
?
tis
a
rich flavoured Fruit
when
well ripen 'd 3
flirivel'd
i
flhould
:
not be gathered
fomething
*tis
a
good Bearer
Ripe Augujh xo. Weft Wall
^
V.
i
r
Jdmhalk, is wh it to next Pulp Colour the Cinamon is a which of Stone > 5 AdmhabJe called juftly be may it Tindures of few Red with fome
a
{Fig.
If.
THE
"Plate
XXX.)
comes
rom
the
:
regard to
\
its
fine
delicious melting Pulp
lofes
The
felf in
Part
a
the Sun
?
ftreaked with pleafant Red, which
ght Yellow
tis
good Bearer
Rip
Auguft
y
717. South-Eaft Wall
THE
which
r
Temple Ne^anne
{Fig-
1.
"Plate
is
XXX.) comes from
white next the Stone,
the Stone
is
a
Cinamon Colour 3
the Pulp
m
eiti
and
full
of a
acid. fomething Juice, rich ne
loft in a yellowifli
Next
y
the
tlS
Sun
'tis
o
X
is which Red, Carnation Wall. Weft K\v^ Septemher 4.
Green
good Bearer
THE 9afs-rhht
I.
I
^
{Fig. HI. "Plate
XXX.)
or 2)
e
Troy "Peach 7
Tafte it about next red very being Stone, the from its Pulp comes Orang an of is its outward Coat but Red the like is very 1717 6 Ripe Red Angufi > brownifh with dotted
Colour,
faintly
Eaft Wall.
THE
%
tis
«
Wvet
{Fig. IV.
"Plctie
XXX.) comes from
but
dark
the Scone,
which
very red
about next Pulp alfo the
w ith
Red
ry yello
Fruit melting ) fugar'd rich fine a
next the Sun,
-r
which
IS
\
'-
X
104.
a faint
^^
M
IS
N
A: Or
:
)
L
I
loft
in
Yellow
5
'tis
a good Bearer
Ripe Jugtifi
>
1727
Eaft Wall.
THE
in
Turple Alberge )
{Fig,
V.
"Plate
XXX.)
o
call e
3
ein
lofes felf which Bloflbm-End, d with a Coat of Purple about the and within. is yellow Pulp its Yellow blended with 5 dark Red,
ery
about the Stone^ from which
it
parts
3
.
'Tis a
moft
del
rich juicy Fruit,
and a good Bearer
:
Ripe Angujl
Eaft Wall.
{ 9
THE
whi c
IS
Violet- Hat
he
Fig. VI. 'Plate XXX.)
the
comes from the Stone 3
the Bulge a
is
o
a
Red on
to the
Edges, but on
Chocol^
Colour
fofter
:
Next
Sun
'tis
a very dark Red, which
is
:
foftned off
>
Red, which at length
loft with fmall red Sp
Its
Ground
ever
is
blended with
tafted,
it
Red and Yellow
Ripe Juguji.
J
is
the
moft del
far
that notwithftanding Ne^wington, excels the Old
:
ex
cellent a Fruit
8.
Eaft Wall.
THE
ich
Old Nemngton
is
{Fig.
I.
"Plate
XXXI.)
very
its
Pulp
clofely adheres
to the Stone, which
of a lively
very firm
Red^and
ripe >
full
of a moftdelidous
J
5
Pulp
is it
when
and of a beautiful Red
ripe
It is
the Sun, which lofes
different Bearer
-I
felf in yellowifli
I'd
Green when
but an
in thick with
laid
Wood,
but the reverfe, (as
Inches apart
before noted)
when
the Branches
about
Rip
JugMjt
(
\
6.
South Wall.
from comes VlateXXKl) {FigAL Alhmarle ^W^ Stone the Pulp the but f a brownifli Red 3
ery great Thicknefs
r
the Stone, whicl 1
fine Vermilioi
.
\
1
Red
very
foftned off,
Pulp
Sun
'tis
melting
and
full
of
5
vinous
nice
:
Next
the
very dark Red, which
is
'
\
and
a
loft in a yellowifli Green,
:
fet
very thick with fmall red
/
3
'tis
aood Bearer
Ripe Juguji
t
8.
South Wall
f
ft
THE
pagated
r
fel I
Brookes "Peachy fo called
it
from the Lord Brooks, who
in
firft
pro-
I
in
Gardens
at
Tmckenham
'tis
Middlefex,
{Fig. Ill
lofes
Sun the to Next XXSI.) ^late
ith
of a
fine
Vermilion Red > which
fmall red Sp
;
yellowifli
fro
Green
Th
which
is
Pulp
of very
great
\
Su'ofta
1
comes
m
Stone?
of a Cinamon
is
Colou r
3
tne inward Part of the
Pulp next about the Stone
very
white
?
*
The
f
Fruit-Garden
Illuftrated.
lo$
'tis
f white
\
•
its
Juice
is
very delicious, and the Pulp melts in eating
5
1
very good Bearer
:
Ripe J^guji
8.
Weft Wall.
THE
Fruit
\
Hemskirk, {FigAV. "Plate XXXI.)
is
» a moft beautiful delicious
which
is
5
the
Pulp has a fmall Adherence to
it
:
the Stone,
of a dark
is
red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about
Its
Outfide next the Sun
a very
Part,
deep or
blackifli
is
Red, which goes off gradually towards the back
j
which
fet
very thick with fmall red Spots
:
'tis
a very flefhy Fiuk 3
and
a
good Bearer
Ripe Jugt^Jt
8,
1727. South^Eaft Wall.
r
THE Bellows,
ii
{Fig.
Its
V.
"Plate XXXI.)
very great
e
feear^r,
is
and
a
li
V
i
excellent
!
good
Fruit
e
Pulp comes rrom
a bout
It
Stone, which
y
Brown, and
r
I
Pulp next
very
:
wh
Its
with a Tindlurc
Red
next the Cleft or
is
Edge of
the Stone
Skin,
which
freely
!
peel off,
of a pleafant
Red
next the Bloflbm-End >
:
and
o
I.
it
fclf
with fmall red
Wall.
Specks in
a yellowifii Green
Ripe Juguji
Weft
THE
f
Sm^ake otSwolz^,
{Fig.
I 91
XXXII.)
Its
?
is
faid
be
firft
brought to England by the Lord
the St
t
"PetethoYough
Pulp comes from
y
which
larg
is
is
very red
we
the Pulp next about
an
commonly
Very deep
'n<r
Red, which
Juice
is
foftned off with fmall red Sp
:
Yellow
5
Its
very
rich,
and
good Bearer
:
Ripe Auguji
I.
Weft Wall
THE
[
"Pai^y
Royal {FigAL
3
5P/^^^ XXXII.) comes from
its
Stone
Stone,
which
\
is
of a
Cinamon Colour
Pulp
is
very#red about
in
s
Outfid
is
is
Pavy or Peach beft the to Juice equal
a black Red,
beautifully ftrip'd
the
World
:
Its
with a^ fine Vermilion Red,
'tis
which
\
yellowifii a in off foftned
in,
it
Green
5
a very
good
Bearer,
and
were
it
very in nail'd be to
in
ver)r the be Difputc, without would,
}
beft Peach
England
:
Ripe JtigtjP
727. Eaft Wall
THE
which
r
>
Torp
(%.
befor
y
III.
:
is
brown and red both
if
Stone, die from Tlate X)CXII.) xomes very is Stone the The Pulp next about
pe,
is
m
and,
eaten
quite
has
Old the of ery much
finer
T'
New
r
igton
Tafte in
but the Juice
much
e
when
fully ripen
%
•
Rip e
JuguJl 14 3
I
yzn. Eaft Wall
THE
«
r,
iq6
V
\
M
^
N
Or
7
i
THE
its
c
?
Rickets Teach, {Fig.lV. "Plate XXXII.)
firft
called in
1
egard to
:
bei in
ropagated
c
by Mr. Rkkets,
is
late
a Nurfery-man at Hoxton
comes
fro
m
Scone J which
5
of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge
is
\
of
Red
in the Clefts
the
Pulp next the Stone
of a beautiful
is
Red J
"^
I
w
I
which
f
lofes it felf in
an almofl: tranfparent white Pulp, which
:
meltin
i
and very
is
full
of a very fweet delicious Juice
its
is
Outfide next the Sun
fofcned
of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which
off with very
:
fmall Spots In a light yellow
Ground
-,
'tis
a good Bearer
Ripe Juguji
ij > 1727
1
South- Weft Wall.
V
'
*
TW^ Late Admlrahle
which
is
(Fig-V- 'P/^teXXXU.) conies from theStone,^
to which
it
is
\
a
Cinamon Colour,
:
adheres
many
Fibrous Particles
of the Pulp
Next
the Stone
5
a very deep Red, melting,
is
and
full
of an excellent
Sun,
rich Juice
the Out-skin
of a pleafant
Red
next the
pleafant
which
5
"'tis
is
foftned* off with
very mihutef Spots,- into a
:
Yellow
a very
good Bearer
Ripe Auguji 24, 1727. South Wall.
A
_
THE Bell Che^reufeyCommotiTy called Che^erufe, [FigA^P^late XXXIlI.)
K
comes from the Stone, which
t.
is
of a light
trown Colour
is
5
and next
full
it
the Pulp
•
is
of ^a pleafant Vermilion Red y which
a
IS
ofa
is
f
i
fbft fugar*d
Juice
:
"The Ouc-skm next the Sun
5
a ftrong Red, that
foftned off in a light Green
^
^tis
•
good Bearer
:
Klpc Augufl 24, 1727.
South- Weft Wall.
^
-
^
THE Burdock
which
is
{FigAL Plate XXIHI.)
'
its
Pulp adheres to the Stone J
of a Cinamon Colour
full
5
tis
of a very great Subftance, very
Jiiice
:
rm^ and
is
of a moft delicious;rich
is
Its
Outfide Inext the Sun
a beautiful Vermilion Red, which
foftened off with fmall red Spots
ts
in a pleafant
yellow Green
:
5'
tis
a
good Bearer^ and
good a
Fruit as
£\
any of the Kind
Ripe Aiigufi 30, 17274 South Wall
f•^^
n
r
THE
of a
1^
oiwn 9
or RumluJion, {Fig,
is
III.
Tlate XXXIII.) comes
fiom the Stone, which
light
of a Cinamon Colour 3 the Pulp next about
Red, and
it's
inward Pulp of a fine Yellow
is
5
'tis
full
of a
fine
vinous rich Juice, and
is
an excellent Fruit
is
:
The
Outfide next the
.*
Sun
\
i
a fine pleafant Red, which
:
foftned into a
ght Yellow
z-
a'
good Bearer
Ripe Septemhe
Weft Wall
.-
THE
1
\
4
The
Fr
u
I
T ^G A R D
EN
lUujiratel
107
r-
/ i
THE ItaUan
which
IS
T^each (F/^. V. 9Iate
e
XXXlll) comes from
in' its
the Srone,
•
very
lik e
Stone of the Rkhts'Teath
is
Colour
it?
Pulp next about the Stone
>
a deep Red, and next die Sun a
^thick
ackifli
Red, cover'd with a very
^
Cotton or Down, which
:
is
foftned off
)
with fmall red Spots
in a light
5
yellow Ground
'Tis meltin
a hd
u
of very
brief
it
rich fugar'd Juice
Is
the
Pulp
is
of very great Subftance, and in
not inferior to the very bed Peach growing,
when
planted
:
a ainft a South-Eaft
Afped
<
in
a"
warm
Soil
3
'tis
a good Bearer
s
Ripe
Septemler
It
y
1727
South-Eaft Wall.
V
THE
rich Fl
Malacotune {Fig.lY. "PlateXXXlll.)
is a,
its
Pulp adheres to the
Stone, which
p"'
pleafant
Ik
Red
-
:
The Pu!p_ is
1
ery
:
dof
Kext the Sun
fmall
4
i
1
nlike that of the
r'
Old Newington
—
ff-
L
1
deep Vermilion Red, whicli
J
I
is
foftned off with beautiful Flak
5
.1
patches of the fame, in a yellowifli Green
Septefnher 10
'tis
a
ood Bea
Ripe
727* South Wall
r
THE Gatherfne]
ne
ri
{Fig.^L
"Plate Xlllll.) tho'a late, yet
ch-flavou?d
Fruit,
wnen
there
is
but a reafonable Quantity on
'.-^
th
Tree, jhe Seafon kind, and planted
Eaft
Afpe(5l
)
a
warm
moift
Soil,
and South727. South
.tis
i
.a
;
«
t
Wall.
^i
:%,^"fp
J ^.
>
r
v:
THE
1 I
Bloody "Peac
f/^. VI. 9ht elXXlh)
?
fo called
from
its
Pulp
with red entirely beiiig
\
1
comes from
alfo the
the Stone, which
»-.
black
Outfide
.„,
rather a Purple Red^
K
as
is
Pulp next about k
:
The
o Confideratiori in
late
Ripening, well defended from the Inj
by Cold, and Heat of
*
r
a \cfj great Covering of a Cottony or
is
Downey
a very
IS
\
which under Subftance,
Bearer ?
a
very black or Purpk Red
its
:
'Tis
and, confidering
late
Seafon x)f Ripening,
w hich
05toh
riofity
>
bad
Sake
Fruit
:
for even Garden, every and therefore
Cu
the at thereof Tree one fliould'Aot be\^ithout
J
leaft.
^
4
H..
-
--vr--=-**—^*
V
^j
s
^-
•--
•
4-
4
-'^
'
•
K
<
.
r
I **
-
*
r
J
J
r
'
-
'^
'1.
ff
IfTT
^'ik*
T
_
n
V
i^i ;
b
*
^
«
•
r» *
r
^
[
^
108
s..
M
N
Or
7
c/^»
Alphabetical
their
TABLE
Times
of
the preceding
Peaches J
different
i.
exhihiting
Ripening ?
^»i
Afpedls.
;
Ripe.
»
I
i4fpe6t5\
Ann Peach
Albermarle
J
to
Eaft Wall.
South.
Jug.
Aug. to Aug, 24 Aug.
Aug, Aug.
L
.
.
Admirable Eavly
Admirable Late
Alberge Purple
South-Eaft,
South.
Eaft.
' »
Brookes Peach
h.
Weft.
1
Bellows
Weft.
BORDINE Bell-Cheveruse
J
Weft.
South-Weft.
Satt
Bloody Peach
-r
10
Eaft.
^ Burdock
Catherine
-b
South.
Sept.
If,
South.
South.
Elruge Nectorine
^ Golden Nectorine
Hems KIRK
Italian Peach
Weft,
F
Aug.
Sept.
J
South-Eaft.
10>
>
South-Eaft.
^
i"
Italian Nectorine
r
Aug.
July 30
f
South-Wcft.
_-_
^^
-
'J
Magdalene White
Magdalene Red
Minion
.
Weft.
I'
w
74
20
20
o
c
South.
&uth.
South,
^
S-
^
~l
Mo NT ABO N
^ Malacotune
NiVET
^i
I
^
10
Aug*
r^
South.
Eaft.
^
Newington Nect.
Newington
4^
July JO
*!
South.
South-Eaft.
't
V
Smith's
N EWINGTON
Nutmeg White Nutmeg Red
74
Aug'
une
Old
6
>
>
South-
South.
South.
une
N OBLESS
ORPREE
74
20
South.
Eaft.
Eaft.
i
-^»g- 24;
Pav Y Royal
Aug. 15 >
Pass-Violet
t
1
ft
ft*
.1
I -
I
I
The
Fruit-Gard^en
BJpe.
lUuftrated.
i^
rop
ass-Violet
Aug,
Sept,
7
Eaft.
UMBULLION
20
Weft.
South- We fl
5^
J..
ROZANNA
Rickets
July 20i
Jug. 2J
5^»/j^
Weft.
South.
}
)
^ Roman Nectorine
SwALZE
JO
I
Jug.
Sept'
Jtily
Weft;
Weft.
South.
Eaft.
Temple Nectorine
Tuteon de Venice
Violet-Hative
20 i
>
Jug*
N.
B.
THOSE
Fruits
ijohofe
"Pulps adhere
to
their
Stones
are
called PavieSy
which in
:
this
Table are dijlinguiped hy a Star
^
placed againfi them
The
others without the aforefaid Charaffer
Tiieltingy
are called Peaches^ hecaufe their 'Pulps are
freely
dnd come
from
their Stones,
\
\
^^
I
\
-
ij-
.^
'
/
f
(IIO
<
i
'•.I-
V*
M
N
A: Or
i
9
m
.<
H
Of
€
XIX.
and
A
1
GRAPES,
INE S do
their
Ordering."
^•j
tm
not direftly produce
their
Bunches of
Fruits
fiom
thefirft four
Buds of the
laft
Year's Shoots, as many imagine,
but from new Branches or Shoots, which are produced from
thofe
Buds or
Joints,
whofe
third, fourth^
and
fifth Joints,
produce
th*e
Fruits
we
is
receive.
IT
that
a
common Method amongft moft
are produced as aforefaid
:
Gardeners, to prune the
I.
lafl
Year's Shoots of Vines to fonr Rnd?, (as ivV.
their Fruits
T'hce Liy.) imaginin
indeed where there
are
is
And
Plenty of
againft a
in a that
Wood
3
the
Method
in
is
not amifs,
'tis
when Vines
wrong,
growing
Wall
State
but
Vineyards
:
entirely
if the
Vines are
good
of Health
For when the Seafon has produc'd Branches
three Feet
incli in
are truly healthful
5
and mature, they may be prun'd to
afterwards, in the Sprin
J
each in Length
and
if
they are
to
an almoft horizontal
as
Pofition, at proper Diftances
from each
other,
to have a free Peripiration, every
Bud would produce
3
a Shoot, and
each Shoot
two
or three Bunches
after the
of Grapes
fo that
inftead of havin
from one Shoot,
but three or four Bunches
equally as
I,
common Method of Pruning, to four Joints, only, we may have ten or twelve, and each
produce a
hereof,
let
ood
3
and confequently a very few Plants wi
Fruits.
great
Quantity of
If
any doubt or dilpute
the
Truth
the
them but
o and view the Vines
now growing
in
Garden of
y
^r, Warner at Rotherhlth. which, by his judicious Management after the Manner before defcrib'd, annually produce great Quantities of the Bur
gundy\ and,
1
miftake not, the Claret-Grape alfo^
with which he
makes
^
:
The
makes
fince
Fruit-Garden
Nedor
for
I/luJirated.
Ill
But
chearful
the
Soil,
Accommodation of
in
his Friends.
is
that our Climate
and
many
them
Parts of
England^
nor na
ia
tural to the Vine, fo as to
i
produce our beft Sorts of Grapes
againft our
open
y
Vineyards,
we muft
therefore plant
bed
afpedlcd
WalU
that their Juices
may
be ripen'd
4
in as
good
Perfection as
4
the Seaf( on
is
able to produce.
THE mod natural
perfp ire lo
Soils for
F
V
Gravel
Pears,
:
rich
,
light,
fandy, rocky,
chalky Lands, inclinabl e to
For as they don't imbibe and
delight
in
much
as
lefs
Appl
>
&c. which
moift
ftifl
Lands, therefore
Moiftuie bears a nearer Proportion to
their Nature
>
for there's nothing deftroys Vines fooner than an ovcr-and-above
tity
Quai
of Moifture.
r"
L
FOR
produces
Fruits
tho'
the Vine bleeds
mod
d
Seafc
freely in
its
bleedin
and
many
long fucculent Branches, and great Plenty of very juicy
yet from the third Experiment of Mr. Hales's Vegetable Staticksy
it is
17.
plain, that die y'mei
k
not a great Perfpirer, and therefore
thrives beft in dry Soils.
_—
-^
anted exadly
\
\
under the Drops
\
of Houfes,
ypcr
he Vine,
is
\
THE
beft Seafon
is
Pruning
the
End of Septemhr
t:-
>
for as the Seafon
then warm, 'the feveral Orifices ar
immediately
to
rife.
Spting, following the in that healed, fo
when
good
the Sap beg
in
the bleeding Seafon^
^^^^^^
_ r
it
cannot be diminifh'd thereby, and confequently
to produc
Fruits 5
every Branch
is
better abl
when ptun'd
weakened of Lofs Sap the by greatly and improper Seafon,
/
THE
more
to lay in
as
the together nearer clofer or
5
Buds of young Shoots
i
the
fruitful
and
therefore
we
fliould obferve, at the
Time of Pruning,
four to conftrain'd not be need fuch Branches, whofe Lengths
'w
J
,
IS
common^
Thicknefs or Length thejr to but in Proportion
A
very ftrong Branch
lefs
may
i
be laid
two
Feet and a half in Length >
others
Foot, a Inches, eighteen ftronger, two Feet,
&i
THE
-^
k
*
/
I
112
m
M
THE
fliould
N
M
Or,
/
>
nearelt Diftancc that the Branches
lefs
of Vines fliould be
>
laid
be never
than one Foot, for
if
they have not abund ance of
-
'
Air to perlp
they will not thrive.
All thofe Kinds vvhofe Leaves
r
very large, as the Raiftn Grape, {9kte XLIII, XLIV.) fhould
the
fame Reafon, be
laid at greater Diftan
THE
Fruits y
fecond. third >
fourth,
&c.
Years
Wood
of the
V
J
be in
J
after the firft
Year, for ever barren of themfelves of producing any
therefore be always bringing
5
more
But
we muft
up young
Wood
from the
Bottom 3
other Parts of the
to fucceed the preceding
however, altho' that the Branches of Vines do
duce Fruits
after the firft
of themfelves pro
as to
Year, yet Nature has been fo careful
is
make a
Provifion otherwife, which
at
their
feveral
J
9
from
whence every Year fmall Branches
are produced, (called
by
the French
Courfons) which oftentimes produce good Fruits, as well as young
alfo,
Wood
when
'tis
wanted to (ucceed
that
which
is
by Tini e- wholly
barreu,
being pruned at the fecond Budjjfroiinh^~x5ld^Woo
BUT
we
itiuft
not
^
fuffer
any of
thefe
Kinds of Shoots to grow
% *
forward frorn^the Wall
in their natural
and
rViprefor^ thafc /or
our Purpofe are fuch as
w
Growth,
lie flat
or parallel thereto.
WHEN
o ff
flopin
we
prune off the
End of
a Vine-Branch,
4
we
fhould cut
it
behind the Eye, and about two Inches above the fame.
w
ABOUT
and
nail
clofe
the Beginning of
to the Wall
all
May we
r;
fliould
o
1
over our Vines >
the feveral
young
w
Shoots,
as Fig,
which are
II.
furnifh'd with
that,
Buhches of Fruits which then appear,
^late X.
as
their
Leaves augment
their
Magnitudes, and the Heat of the
their
Summer
Injuries
advances, they
may
:
be proteded during
Growth, from the
fuffer'd
of Heat and Cold
fix,
For thofe Grapes that are
to
grow
on Branches about
fully
eight,
or ten Inches from the Wall, and thereby
expofed to the Sun, and drying Winds, have their tender Sap-
Vcflels
foon dried up, and are therefore never worth a Farthing.
TOWARDS
t
The
Fruit-Garden
End
of
Illuftraled.
fi3
TOWARDS the
Fruits,
May, we
above
fliould
have Recouife to our
la(t
flopping
their
Branches at the third or fourth Joint beyond the
it.
Bunch, and not
•
at the Joint next
as exhibited in 5^/^/^
XXXIV.
want
which
is
commonly
pradlis'd
by
unskilful Gardeners,
their
by
th
knowing
the attractive
Power of Leaves, ^nd
Ufe
in Perfp
is it
For when the Branches of
V
thus
r uned^
how
po/Tibl
the Fruits can be fo ftrongly nourifli'd,
when
they are deprived of proper
Inftruments, which Nature had provided to
inftead
dthei:
furnifli
them
wlcli
:
fo that
all
o
helping the Fruits, as they imagine,
(like
moft o
their
Operations) they depauperate.
and Kndeir them,
ferifli,
at befl:,
very
infipid
and
taftelefs 3
nay
ey very often
and then forfooth the
a Blight
*
^F*
Coxcombs imagine
that their Fruits are deftroy'd
by
WHEN
all
thefe
cWo
Op
are
performing,
we
which,
hA
difpl
rfc
rj
forward Branches, and
fail
others that
appear
ufelefs,
if fuffer'd
to grow, never
of mjuring
the Fruits^
/
and the other Branches.
TOWARDS
early
the latter
End
of "July, the fmall ^zt/y
«
Grap
>
or
pen J
which
the Sun_,
time
we
fliould
by Degrees acquaint
thofe Fruits with
more of
to ripen their J
fweet, and
its
Th
is
Grap6
is
z great Bearer, and, b eing very
Skin thin,
generally deftroy'd
by Wafp
>
1
fCa
hun
not
taken to deftroy them,
either
Vials of fugar'd Water,
up to
k
drown
themfelves
rather their Nefts deftroy'd in the
fir'd
Night with
Fuzze of
Gunpowder,
and ftopp'd
into the Entrances to their Nefts
which
fuffocates
them
in general, fo that afterwards
:
you may dig down >
full or
and burn them
delicious Juice
/
in general
Tis of a fine Ind
o
a moft
:
Wall South 20. Ripe July
Hot Grapes do of Kinds other the
ripen with
^
BUT
fince that
Kind, we muft
expofe them
therefore let
fome of them remain
longer before
we
they that Sun, the to
may
continue longer with us, inftead
together. ripe general of being in
THE
. ' ,
wor Grapes of Kinds other
{"Plate
our Notice>
large
.
are
the
-,
White
its
Sweet Water,
.
L.) which
is
a
fine
«.^
white Grape
Skin
is
very thin,
11 .r^..^ and therefore
r.,u:^jx
fubjed to
w/oft^c Wafps
"Tk an
evcellent
good od
Grape 7
*
/
^^
114
Grape, an
O
generally very
M
large,
N
:
A: Or
9
and tranfparent when
ripe,
but the
Bunches are very thinly kt therewith
-*:
Ripe Augujl 10. South Wall.
4fc-.*
THE
and when
is
White Mufcadhie,
(9 late XXXK)
:
is
one of the beft Kind
of Grapes for ripening in England
skilfully order'd y
'Tis a very great Bearer, and,
5
wKen
)
Fruit
when
9
•
pe,
"'tis
tranfp
the r ) fomething g^
'\'
with
Amber
next the
Sun
Ripe Augufl
THERE
fet
IS
another Sort of White Mufcadine^ which
large,
is
very thinly
delicioufly
on the Bunches, but the Grapes are very
and moft
fweet
^
when
ripe,
and therefore called the Royal Mufcadlne.
Jj,'
THE
,-."
BlacTi
is
Sns)€et
Wat
3
{ 'Plate
LI.
)
called
from
its
Wood, which
a
blackifli.
of a
blackifli
Colour, and the Stalks of the Bunches
are
Red, but the Grapes
white, cover'd with a fine white
PleWj and of an oval
fore
"tis
Form
is
5
'tis
alfo called the
MoreUtan Grape
j
:
Be-
ripe the Juice
very fowre, and the Skin very tough
:
but when
quite ripe 'tis very fweet, but' fomething watery
Ripe Auguft 20.
»
THE* Black
delicious Fruit,
Currant Grape
in
w
(Fig.
its
L
"Plate
:
XLVL)
IS
a
moft
ibmething oval
is
Form
'Tis a very
good Bearer >
and produces Fruit which
fet in
cover'd with a fine Violet Flew, very clofe
the
Bunch
:
Ripe Auguji 24. South-Eaft Wall.
THE
brown
Brick Grap
y
{Fig
a
t(
"Plate
XXXIX.)
fo called
from
its
red
Colour
:
j
'tis
lerable
good Bearer, and
very pleafant
fweet Fruit
Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall
F
THE
)
I
"Parjley Grape, or
Canada Grape, (Fig.
it
I.
9hte LXVIIL)
its
called
from the Country from which
came, and
is
Leaf being
divided into
the Parfley
many
:
Parts, like
unto the ^arfley Leaf, and
is
therefore called
like the
Grape
The
Fruit
white, and in
Form and Tafte
Whhe Mufcadine,
but feldom fo large
Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall
THE
%
Black Mufcadine, {Plate
XXXVI)
the
called
by fome, but im
properly, the
ri
Red Mufc
tne
When
Grapes are beginning to
pen, the Leaves are very beautifully
mixt with Purple, Kcd,Ye\loWy&i
Tis
*
\
The
I
FrUI T-G Ak DEN
when
well ripen'd
>
lUuJlrated.
lliy
Tis an
excellent gooci Fruit
its
Colour %
fine IndiVo,
d with
Septemb
a pleafant Violet Flew, and a tolerable good Bearer
Ripe
o^
717, South Wall
J
THE Clufler Grape
clofe
\
{Fig.IL "Plate XLIL)
is
a fine delicious Grape 9
of a ftrong Indigo Colour^
fet
IS
eover'd with a Violet
Flew,
and very
This
in
the Bunch,
and
therefore called the Clujier Grape.
Grape
three
called
fome the Black Currant Grape, which
ripens full
Weeks
fooner
'Tis a very great Bearer, and ripe September ao,
1727. South WalL
N.
B.
THE
Tulp leing very fweety
h
often
dejtroyd ly Wafps
in Oily
j
and
the only
Method topreferve
*
them^
is to
put them
Bags
^hen
nearly ripe.
%
(^^late
THE White Frontlnac
musky,
with us
juicy
J
W
XXXVII.)
is
a
moft
deliciousj fugar'd,
Grape when well
ripen'd,
therefore
which does not dways happen
however we muft not
be without them
:
"Tis a very
great Bearer, and ripens, in a kind Sealbn, about the Middle of Septemler.
is
a moft excellent Fruit
5
its
Juice
is
rather richer
:
and
fiiller
of Musk than the preceding, with a
very rich Acidity
is
This, like other Grapes that are vulgarly called Black,
a dark Indigo^ cover'd with a fine Violet Flew.
BESIDES
Fruits are
thefe
two Kinds of
ftrip'd
Frontitiac's,
there
is
another, whofe
a yellowifli White,
with a Copper Colour, and there-
fore called the
GrizeJ frontinac, which,
:
when
ripe,
is
equally as good
the fame
as either
of the preceding
Thefe two
are very
laft ripen
much about
Time
as the preceding,
•
and
good
Bearers.
(
THE
Grap
5
Mufcat Grape
fiall
is
a
little like
the
White Fronthtac^ but
9
•
fmaller
and
of a
fine delicious
musky J
3
very good Bearer
Wall South 20. September Ripe
THE
«
St.
5^^/^rs Gr^/)^,
Its
is
a fine large black Grap
A littl
3
d with
Violet Flew
Pulp
IS
a
tis
with red, very firm, with
:
moft
delicious rich
J
3
great Bearer
Ripe 05.
i
o.
Weft Wall
THE
1
.
•
ii6
O
The
the Skin
MON
is
Or
7
I
Hernutage Grapes
a moft del
little bitter
rich fugar'd
:
Grap
-,
but
is
fomething tough, and a
ripe^
The Grap
which
trant
IS
parent
when
and Ipeck'd with brown next the Sun
Orange Colour
:
alfo
/
g'd with a faint
jiik^k
Ripe September 20. South Wall
THE
tiful
V
Claret
5
Grap
{Fig. II
Tlate XLVII.)
is
^ fmall but
beau-
Grape
its
Leaves turn red with the
:
Fruit,
is
and make a
beautiful
Appearance
The
Fruit
when
ripe
a deep Indigo, cover d
with a fine Violet Flew, the Juice fomething acid and a pleafant 'tis a very great Bearer Ripe September
:
L
Red
>
\
'S'.
_^^
THE
Vineyard
Parts
5
Burgundy Grap
3
>
{Fig. I
"Plate
XLI.)
is
a black
Grap
>
/
and very great Bearer
its
*tis
the only
Grap
that
ripens
wxU
on
in the
their
open
Leaves have a very great Cottony
Down
the
under
The
Grapes are very clofe in the Bunch,
is
and have a
1
fine rich
vinous Juice, but the Skin
a
little
tough
Ripe
open Vineyard
September 30.
THE
.4
Kaifin Grape, {"Plate XLIII and
XLIVO
is
a moft beautiful
^
rwh Vlavour, and ITrm Pulp, when Sleafons kind enough to rfp But even when Seafons are unkind, 'tis an excellent Fruit for Baking, and therefore we fliould not be without
large white
Grap
ot a
jie
or
two o
them
which
fliould
be planted againft the very beft Afped
we have
r
THERE
*
h
is
another
it
Kind of Raijin Grape, which \vhe n >
ripe,
is
a
pleafant
Red, but
very feldom ripens in England,
*
*\.
1
.
<^n
/
•^"4
f
The
Fruit-Garde N
lUufirated.
m
"7
zyin Alphabetical
exhihitin^
n
TABLE
of the preceding Qrapes,
their Seafons of
Ripenin SRipe.
-y
V
Brick Grape
Aug. 24*
Sept,
*
•
Burgundy
30*
cLARET cLUSTER cURRANT
I
y
Sept. 30.
Sept, 20.
Black
Jug' 24.
pRONTiNAc White
Frontinac Black
*:f
Sept. 20.
pRoi^fTiNAc Griztel
\
Hermitage
July Grape
Sept,
30
20.
i
*^
74
-
Muscadine White
Muscadine Black
Sept. 20i
Muscadine Royal
4
^IK^. 25,
iSe/)^
Muscat
Parsley
St.
20
10.
\
J-
Peter's
oa.
Sweet
Water White Sweet Water Black
ripens
Jug. 10.
Jug. 20.
I
Raisin White^when k
is
oa. i^
Kinds of Grapes.
^.-^
N.
B.
J FUL L South Jfpe£i
--
the heji for all
^
W^
^
^*/"»
-K
\
ii8
\
\
t
M
N
Or
7
\
H
<.'
XX.
^>
Of
HE
feveral
G TR
Kinds of Figs that are worth our cultivating in
Enghn
are the White, the Blue,
and the Black.
FIGS
Soils
in general
5
produce double Crops every Year in
but in England
their native
and Climates
we have no
1
other
Kind but the
J
Short White Figy that produces and ripens
two Crops every Year
o.
firft)
:
The
\
firft
Crop, (Ftg.
F$g.
IT.
I.
^late LIl.)
is
is
ripe
about July
than the
•
and the [econ
Crop,
o.
(which
always
much
leis
about September
THE Long Blue Pig
{Fig. III.)
is
{Fig. It ^late LIII.)
is
the next,
which ripens
about the Beginning of Jugujty and at the fame
alfo ripe
Time
the Ta^wney Fig,
They
{Fig.
both very good
I.)
Fruits,
but nothin
comparable to the
Bhc^ Figy
Fig
which
i§
rige 4tig^fi, %6.
r
THE
firft
Crop of
are
alway
produced on the
the Shoots
laft
Year
Wood, and
form'd at the fame
Time when
/
IN March
delivered
they are
vifible^
as
a a
a,
&i;. Fig.
April they are grown
much
larger, as
A, A, Fig.
Thte LIV J but in L Thte X. being entirely
II.
from
their
Womb
Fruit,
withiii the Bark,
and
perfect in their
attracfts
Forms.
And we may
ment to
the
here again behold liow carefully Nature
Nourifli-
young
by timely expanding
the Leaves
all
beyond them 9
which vigoroufly draw up Nourifiiment, whilft
entirely
the
Buds below
/
naked thereof.
^ i
WHAT
I
The
I
Fad iT-G AkD Eit
call the
up
»
»
WHAT we
-
fecond
Crop of
Figs,
is
adually the very
thofe
firfl:
that are produced the
firfl
by
the Shoot they
grow on 5 and
which we
call
Crop, are
f
laft
produced.
'
\^
_
THIS
at hrft
may
appear to be a Paradox, but
*tis slflually
Matter
of F^6t, becaufe thofe Figs which ripen in Septembefy are always pro-
duced on the fame Year's Wood, and
lieareft to the lafl Year's
Shoots
is
:
And
as they are
produced early
in the Spring,
when much
the Shoot
firft
rm'dj they are therefore at their Maturity
fooner than thofd
which
^re
produc'd in the extreme Parts of the Shoots,
r
when
the
their
Growths
Eye*
are
nearly at
an End,
an
fcarcely vifible to
naked
THESfi
firft
produced
the
Fig^^
the white
Kind,
do frequently
5
tipen with us, even in
open Air frbm
:
either
Walls or Pails
but
the other Kinds very rarely do
Thefe
laft
produced Fruits at the Ends
firft
of
the Shoots, if
not
kill'd
by
the fucceeding Winter, make the
5
Advance
in the next Spring,
and
ripen very early
during which
Time Naturd
fo
brkr-f«<>du£in^piew Shootsipr
the Life
new Productions 5 ^nd
on during
of the Tree.
1
t'T has been a
Cuftom among
y
•
Gardeners, to keep Fig-TTre
5
I'd
J
Fruit-Trees other as Wall, clofe to the
but
it
appears,
by many ExprovM, that
periments made,
th^t
ly
wrong ,
xor Experience has
to fuffer'd are which thofe
grow about two
produc'd in
Feet fi:om the Wall, are not
greater
only the beft
Fruits,
but
are
much
Abundance.
THE
ierate the
Fig-Tree, the Ordering of beft Method
about'
)
is
to nip off their leading
y
Suds of the Branches
Crop, and caufe
the Middle of
which will acce
called the fecond
all
Ripening of
thofe Fruits
which are commonly
great Plenty of young
Wood
fruitful
to flioot
the
T
thod,
?
becomes Whole the whereby
aforefaid,
becaufe the Fruits arc
always produced y
from
>
the laft Year's Shoots.
after the
at"
But when
full at in nail'd are Fig-Trees
Lengths,
old and
common Me
only:
their Fruits are
always produced
full
the extreme Parts of the Treesj
and
all their
middle Parts are
of
large barren
Wood
I
t
/
?
'
120
-1^
O
M
N
Or,
\
W"
f
H
Of
XXL
R
feveral
j^
W
1
R
\
f
r
HE
Kinds of Strawberries worth our Notice, are the
Scarlet
the
HauthoyJ and the Wood Strawherry
\
The
Scarlet Strawherry {Fig.
3
I.
^late LV.)
is
encreafed
Its
own Runners
planted at fixteen or eighteen Inches apart, in
Rows
about
twenty Inches or two Feet apart, and being always kept to fingle Roots will produce their Fruits very early. Some plant them nearer igether
Beds chrce Feet wide, with Alh'es of eight Inches between, and fuflfer them to run among one another 5 but they do not ripen their Fruits fo early, nor are they near fo large however it
:
as
about one Foot Square,
eceffary that
we
fliould
have fome
the fingle
after this
Manner to
Ripe
XX
fucceed the
others that are
F
firft ripe
from
Roots
:
May
10
727
as well
THE Hauthoy Strawlerry
4
(Ks;.
III.)
is
a moft del
large
and
beautiful Fruit
:
;
'tis
a great Bearer,
and
delights in
a very rich
holding Soil
It
produces the bell Fruit
the fingle
when
planted'^
and kept at the
is
fame Diftances as
Roots of the ScarJet, and
Ripe J.
nother
1.
encreafed
by
own Runners
as the other aforefaid
THE
Ifood Strawherry (Fig.
II.)
good Fmit, and
very
great Bearer,
when
planted in a frefh
Seafon
and
rich
Land 3 an
Ripening 5
kept well
as
watered during the
Bloflbming and
indeed
fhould both the
other Kinds preceding
5
Th
Kind
IS
creafed
by
Runners, as the others >
out of
but
'tis
always found, that thofe which arc taken
Woods and
tranfplanted into Gardens
prod
much
better
and
rger
t
'
<
The
argcr Fruits, than
Fru I T-G A RDE
thofe
isr
lUuJirated.
121
^ncreafed from Runners taken from old Roots
in the
Garden
run
:
They
larger,
are generally planted at eight or nine Inches apart,
and
let
among one
another
5
but
when
they are kept to fingle Roots,
they are
much
fooner ripe, and better tafted*
EVERY
Time
fourth
Year we mould make new Plantations 9
or
m
that
their Strength
and Vigour
is
exhaufted.
iBOTy
their
/
Scarlet
and Wood Strawherrks may be
raifed very early,
Roots of two Years Growth
are planted in fmall Pots,
and put
in
gentle
Water with Waterings, moderate giving them Beds Hot in January ^
is
\vhofe Crudity
before taken oiF by
entle
warming, and
Frofts.
all
the Air
that can be, fo as to keep out cold
Winds and
I
\
\
.f
/
,.ji
I
I
i
/'
122
O
M
N
Or>
I
K
y
^
M.-
F-
H
Of
XXII
Y
have but three Kinds of Rasberries in England^
White, the Red, and the
n^iz.
The
Tmple
:
The Wood of
fct
the
5
White
and Red
of the Turpi
Excrefcenccs.
IS
is
of a bright Colour, and almoft fmooth
but that
a dark Brown, and very thick
with fmall prickly
THEY are
1
jfl
all
propagated
by
Suckers, which fpontaneoufly fpring
up
the
Summer, and
are planted in the
Autumn
following
;
They
era]
dehght in clean frefh Land, being planted in
each
the
Rows
Some
about eighteen
Gardeners, for
Inches apart, an
Row
Feet afundcr..
Fruit, let
want of knowing
the
Nature of the
them run very thick together
they are kept to fingle
Rows, which
fo well as
when
Roots
WHEN
Planting,'
we
prune
the
Roots of Rasberries at
the
Time of
*
we
fliould
carefully preferve their the Surface of the are produc'd,
young Buds, which fhoot
r it is
out
dly even with
Ground
from thofe
are
Buds that the next Branches
and when they
the
firft
broken
after
off before planting, they never live longer than
Summer
planting
:
For as foon
Fruits, they
Branches of
all
the
feveral
Kinds have
produced their
immediately
perifii.
BUT
of
that
we may
not by thefe annual Decays, be wholly deftitutc
Wood
for further Supplies,
Nature does
laft
therefore
produce young vitheir Fruits
gorous Shoots, whilft thofe of the
^
Year are bri nging
to
Maturity
\
I
\
The Fr u I T-G A R D
Maturity
3
E
K
lUuflrated.
123
which Shoots
off,
fliould, in
the
End of Augtip
their
following, be
pruned, or cut
about one Foot from
I
extreme PdrtS.
-
N. B.
THE dead Wood
not give
is eqfieji
broken out in Frdfty Weather.
KEEb
more
Suckers,
fee
my
felf
the Trouble of informing the Gardener
that he fhould dig
among
them
his
Rasberries very early in the Winter^ slny
to keep
perfed:ly clean in the
Summer
rem Weeds >
&c.
thofe
fince every
one
who
takes Pleafure in his Bufinefs can beft
when
Works
are
moft proper to be done.
THE
and
firft
Scarlet Rasher ry (Fig. V* Tlate
L VI.)
is
the
moft
common >
ripe
^une
I 9
1727
>
tis
a very fragrant pleafant Fruit y and a
great Bearer.
tiful
The White Rasher ry mixd
with the Red^ makes a beau-
Appearance at the Table, and therefore
we muft
not
fail
of having
fome df them
for that Purpofe, notwithftanding that they are not in fuch
great Efteem as the Scarlet,
THE
Tomething
Reafoirtis
/
VurpJe
later
Raslerry hath a pleafatit Acidity in
its
Tafte, and
is
which for two^ other the of in Ripening than either
A'.
\
t
I
124
^
O
MON
Or7
i-
I.
'
i
V
H
<
XXIII.
J
Of
Goofeberries and Currants,
or Corinths,
c ailed
from
QonntbA-SL 'whence they firfi came.
*
have feveral Kinds of Goofeberries in England which are
very good, buc the moft valuable are the
w
Old Red^
loft
{Fig.
I.
'Plate
LVI.)
11.
the
the
firft
ripe 3
almoft
III.
in
England
Goofe
y
the Champainey Fig.
White fDutch^ Fig.
the
Jmhr
hrryy Fig. IV. the Walnut Goofeherry^ the Rumhulion and the
2)amfe',
Berry
5
which
are in general produc'd
at
by
th
Slips or Suckers taken
from
th
Roots of old Trees
four Feet afunder.
F
apart an
Rows, an
is
The
bcfi:
Method of Ordering
like
Goofeberries,
to
keep them open in the Middle,
Dwarf
Fruit-Trees,
with the cX
treme Parts of their Shoots clipped every Year, and the old
ftantly cut
Wood
con
^
away,
as
young
confies
up
to fucceed.
THE
good
Red
>
White
fliould
fDutch
Currants J
in
are
propagated
to
as
Goofeberrie
Fruits
and
But
be ordered
if
the fame Manner,
to
have
think that
we were
fome few of the
they would be
White Dutch againft a South, or South-Eaft
WM,
much
improved thereby.
very
late in the
?
And when we defire to have either Red or White Seafon, we fiiould plant fome Part of our North- Walls
in
with them
tiful
which } being kept thin
pleafant Fruits
Wood,
will produce very
beau
large
Bunches of
%
H
«
:
r
\
I
4
The
>
.>
Fruit-Garden
lUuftrated.
o I
H
t
XXIV
0/
n
the
Black
M
tr
4
HE
Bhcl
Mulberry, {Fig, IV. ^/^^^ LVH.) being the only
tliac
3
Mulberry
the Fruits
I
we
propagate in England^
therefore
lilently pafs
for the Sake
all
o
1
I fiiz^U
over
e
otnct
Kind s^
fince they are
more
fuitable to the Taftes
ufelefs
of fome Botanifts^
who
delight in Varieties of
many
and unprofitable Plants, than to curious
Propagaters of advantageous Fruits.
'sih
Mulberry
by Lay
>
which fhould be
laid
down
in
OCiober at
e aft
eighteer
Air free a that apart, Inches
may
be continually
full
circulating about
after,
them
>
Stools the upon remain and there
two Years
before they ar
V
taken away,
that thereby they
may
be well rooted.
whe
we come
take them up
for tranfplanting
into the
Nurfery
r
. 1
THE
r
Diftances that they are planted at in the Nurfery, fhould not
Feet
be nearer than two
or a Foot
as
is
and a
half,
or three Feet, a nd not nine Inches
to
ufually done,
whereby they have not half enough Air
i n er fpire i ^
tf-
injur'd greatly thereby. are confequently and
THE
the
Leaves of the
Mulberry being very
large
heavy, caufe
h
leading Shoots to
crooked grow thereby and downwards, bow
Therefore to
/
prevent fuch deform
e
Growths,
we
fhould
ftra ic
tie
Stakes >
Arbour Pol
Side
of every Plant, and thereto
arife they as their leading Shoots
WE
'Jt
/
*
'
-
r
T
126
M
WE
only.
N
A
:
*J
'
Or J
'V
^ .*
* "*^
Y
'
*
fliould alfo difplace all the lateral
Buds
as they appear,
that the
whole Nourfniment
may
be fully employ 'd
in the
Support of the Stems
\
WHEN our Plants are
,
t
rifen to five or fix Feet high^
We muft prune
to break
off their leading Shoots, to caufe their upper lateral
into divers Branches^ with
<••
,
Buds
out
which
their
Heads are form'd.
I
^
THERE
tities
is
a Kind of Black Mulheny^ which produces great
in
Quan-
of KatJcins
Fruits
ew
which
May, (as Fig, VHI. "Plate LVHI, LIX.) and very when diicover'd, ffiould be either budded or grafted
{
with the true bearing Kind
I-
IF we obferve how
thefe Fruits are produced,
we may
fee
what a
wonderful Provifion Nature has
made
for
their
Support and Protedion,
by placing of Leaves imme
attradt
over the
Fruits,
which do not only
perfpire
and imbibe Nourifliment from Dews, Rains, &c. and
away
the Crudities thereof,
tut protedt them during
their
Growth from
the InjunesnoF
Hcatrand Cotd.
'fT
THOSE
Buds in the
\
Fruits
which are produced
5
tfiis
Year, were formed in the
flit
laft
Year
for if in the
DeptR of Winter we
its
the
Bud
of a Mulberry from
the naked
its
Apex down
young
Axis to the Bafe,
its
we may with
Eye
difcover the
Fruit in
Matrix, carefully wrapt
up
in
its
tender Leaves,
the Fruits
when
which, with great Force, expand themfelves with they firft appear in May^ as Fig.YSf. ^late LIX.
H
\
/
/
•*
A
.
The
Fru IT-G ARD E N
«<
lUufirated.
^»
127
«
f
**.
-'
Vv
r.
\
^
^
* k ' -
'^
yj
•
XXV.
/
0/Philbbrts, WALNt7T5,^;/i Barberries.
^
<
^'
have two Kinds of Philberts,
i?/i2s.
the
Red and
Curious
:
the
/fZ'//^,
which
laft
is
the
moft efteem'd
fey the
They
are
%
V.
propagated by Suckers or Layers, arid make very hand-
fome Hedges
in our Kitchen
and
!Fruit-Gardens.
Coh'Nut,
{Fig.
:
Ill:
^Jate
is
ndfoihe Standard-Tree
The Nut
very fwcet^ and a good
Bearer.
THE Hazel
and tho'
it
is
Nut, {Fig.
11.)
is
a pleafant Fruit
when
well
ri pen
>
not worth our while to make Plantations thereof
yet in the Quarters
ri
Fruit-Gardens,
beautiful
of our Wildernefs they
are very
and advantageous.
'-.'
,
-
WALNUTS
Timber, when
are
very profitable in their Nuts,
as well as
thei
largely grown.
We
have a very great Variety of Kinds
There
French
is
one
very large Sort, {Fig.
Ill,
V.
"Plate
LVIH,
/
LIX.) called th
becaufe Pickling, for beft Walnut,
'tis
when
us.
Seafons are very wet
and cold,
very fcldom they ripen with
THE
bein
Englip Walnuts
differ
very
much
in
their
Qual
5
fome
very fmall, (asi%. XL) and thin
thick
flieird
fliell'd 5
others
of the fame
the
Magnitude and very
i
Then
there's
other Kinds
Magnitude
\
*>
t
1*
\
.•
.V
.-J'
128
^
M
nothing.
N
rais'd
A: Or
>
.»
Magnitude of Fig, IX, X. feme of which are good, and others worth
And
as
they are
all
from Nuts_,
which >
like
many-
other Seeds,
certain
often degenerate
unlefs
from
the Mother-Tree,
of our Kinds,
largely
we
are fo Curious as to
that
we Bud
cannot be
our Trees
1
when
grown, with Kinds
we know
are good.
BARBERRIES
are
are propagated
by Suckers or Layers
:
H
There
two Kinds the one with
their
Stones} the other without Stones, but the
are alike, as reprefented in Fig.
is
Form of
Ufe:
:
Leaves and
Fruits
VL
^
V
'
Tlate LXXIII.
It
That
»
Sort without Stones
moft valuable for
makes a very handfome Hedge in the and very good Fence agafnft Cattle, ^c.
Fruit or Kitchen-Garden;
7
k
i
'
#
.4
\ \
-a
<
*
_>
^
A
P.
i
V
1/
'
»
V
»
i
The
Fruit -Gard
en
Itlufirated.
120
i
\
\
xxvt
r
Of
and
U
in their
EAR-TREES differ very much
of producing
Fruits
:
Time and Manner
their Fruits
Some Kinds produce
on the
extreme Part of the fame Year's
Wood,
as
t
Mr. Hilh's double
others at the
bearing Pear of Tedington, (Fig. IV. 'Plate LXIII)
tremity of the Branches
alfo,
Exan
but upon the
laft
Year's
Wood
?
longer, fometimes and old, Years three of Branches laftly. others upon
according to the more or
nerality
Ic^s
Luxuilancy of the Tree
:
But
for the
Ge
'h
moft of our
befl:
Kinds of
if skilfully ordered,
upon Branches
continue
fertile
which^ Growth, Years of three
many
Years
alter wards.
Now
fince that the
annual Shoots of fuch Kinds o
Fruits in the to produce themfelves preparing Year fecond the in are Pears with thofe well furnifh'd be fiiould Kinds fuch all therefore i Year third
>
feveral Sorts of
Wood,
that >
having a
fruitful
fufficient
Quantity thereo
y
we may
that
with furnifh'd always be
barren
r
Branches to fucceed thofe
become
by Time
9late LX. where Fig
IS
THIS
or Spi
)
is
exhibited in
lafl
Reprelc
tation of the
Year.
M O N, Leaf-Buds, STV
P
i
its with Courfo Pear, VkgouJee the of > Year's Shoot "third the in uc od pr are Fruits the whence from
Nourifhme attrad: to placed which are
r
to the Courfom
and
perfpire
away
s
the Crudities thereof
4
THOSE
o
Courfins
P
MON
muft be
next the at fliorten'd
Seafon
Pruning a fiet
(as produc'd, they are
E
in will, which H-j F G, Fig.
j*
produce to them caufe Year, the fecond
I
many Buds }
as
€
fh,
that in
one
*
/
a
r
i
130
one Year
after,
M
are very
N
dilated,
•r
V.
Or
3
much
:
and prepared
for
producing
oflbms in the third Year
(as
And
being arrived unto
this fruitful State
Fig. Ill) they immediately expand
(as
themfelves into
Bloflbms and
r-'
Leaves,
FigA,
11,
IIL IV, V. "Plate IL IIL)
AND again,
become
fruitful,
after the third
Year,
when
their
Courfo
\.
Nature does every Year produce new Buds to fucceed
:
thofe which are bearing Fruits
*
For
/ /
whilll: the
Pear was coining to
its
Maturity at X, Fig.
III.
the
Buds
were preparing themfelves to prod
BlofToms
duced the
the
in
the
following Spring, and at the fame
to fucceed thofe at / /
y
Time Nature
p
Bud P
an
on during
e Life
of
Tree
i
IT
very o ften
a ppens
that
Branches of Pear-Trees produ
une with in an Inch and half
luxuriant Shoots, which being prun'd in
of the Branch from whence
it
run
wi
m
run
y
Autumn
prod
an
Autumn
Shoot, with fome Buds difpofed for Fruit alio
Thus K,
Fig. Ill
which fhootin
with great Luxuriancy, was
Kin?une
and
afterwards produced the
-Autumn Shoot
M
with the two bearing
Buds
muft be
«
:•.
But
at the following
It
pruning Seafon thofe
Autumn Shoots
«
entirely diiplaccd
^
t
*
'
.
.
r
.
WHEN the Luxuriancy of Pear-Trees
check'd with Pruning,
-X
.}
is
fo very great as
not
be
eir
we muft'
either
difplace
one or more of
if
Roots,
(and particularly thofe that grow downright,
any be)
or
disbark in part the lower Parts of fuch luxuriant Branches
which will
prevent the Sap from rifing in
great Quantity
»
to;o
is
great a Quantity
the
3
for tis the too
of NourifTiment
that
*
Caufe of Luxuriancy
WHEN we prune, the Branches of Summer Pears^
the
we
fliould obferve
Nature of
their
Buds, for (as
at the
it
has been before faid)
many Kinds
which
produce
their Fruits
Extremity of
their laft Year's Shoots,
muft be always naiFd
in at full
Length, or otherwife perhaps the Trees
JT
may
not produce one fingle Pear Jn twenty Years Time.
ALL
and
Summer and Autumn
;
Pears will ripen very well
upon Dwarfs
Efpaliers
but pur Winter Fruits Ihould have the very beft Walls and
afford the
Afpeds we can
m
4
I
THE
T
The
Fru I t-Ga DEN
Kinds
Pea
exhibited
in
lUuJirated,
i5f
THE
e
feveral
%
TIates
LXf
LXXII
iriclufive
general of the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewitig, Baking,
&c.
an
as for
Table
des
:
And
as
I
hav
here
uly
prefented
the
exad For
and
5
Mag
no
of
their
Leaves and Fruits
in their natural Colours,
in the following
as their Seafons
o
Ripening and Keeping are exhibited
to be faid of
their
Tabl e
there needs
more
feveral Defcrip
therefo
re fer
you to them
feverally, as they are delineated in the following Pi
,>
When gather'd But very fliort When gather'd About a Fortnight
I
LXIII.
IV.
u
Lombard Pear
Laniac
When gather'd About When gather'd About
|
a Fortnight
LXI.
a Fortnight
—
LXI V.
V.
Sec.
r
Sept. 30, Sept.
November
January,
February^
r
February
LXVHLXXII.
Martin
Meffirc
loADecemier
November
John
IV.
III.
Sept. 3 Oy jSoon aft'gathr
March About one Month
January
w
Marquifs
i
.
,1
Sept. 3 Oj
LXIV. LXVIIL
The Day
Aug.
J
St.
Michael
Two
Days
ten
at
moft
LXXIL
LXIV.
'tis
ripe
Ruffelec Vetit Ruffelet Grofs
II.
IV.
About Aug. 24, When gather d About Aug. 24, When gather'd
Sept.
Days
three
Weeks
I
LXV.
/
Royal d'Hyver
Rofe d'Ete
Sugart Vert
IV.
VI.
December
January^ February
LXVU.
-
July \7
Sept.
When When
Soon
I
gather'd
About
three
Weeks
LXL
LXIII.
"
Mon a or Three Weeks gather'd
gathr.
Swans Egg
Sal V iati
-
IV
K
Sept.
20
aft'
LXIV.
15 or
Sept. 2 o,
Ditto
20 Days
|
LXIV.-
Sattin Pear
VI
Sept.
30 )
Ditto
Ditto
'
November^ December
LXVL
LttL
i\
--r
Vermillion
Virgoule
July \7 I
Sept.
About a Fortnight
W^
ao
Nov. Dec.
Soon aft*
End of January
m
<
LXVII
Verc Longuc
Sept. 1 o,
LXIIL^ or^Mon. ThreeWeeks gathr
'
2)/«o, Strip'd
i
•%
Wind for
Soon
-
after
J.
k
July
I
o,
gather'd
About
three
Weeks
i
LXI.
THE
fti
f
^
1'
t
\
The
Fru it-Garden
beji
lUufirated.
133
The
The Black
'Pears for
Bakingj Stewing, &c.
are.
"Pear of Worcefier, Fig.
II.
"Plate
LXXI.
C^ii/^f, Ftg. lY- ?/^f^
LXII.
T>onvik, Ronvik, Fig. IV, VI. 'Plate
;
LXX
«'
Tear-Levsh, Fig.
III.
y/^?^
LXX.
'^Pickering's
'*-
Warden, and ?o»»i y^^r, y/^fe LIXI.
EngUp
Warden, 'P late LUll
vind
St.Francis^Fig.Y-'PlateUn.
QUINCES are bell when grafted
THE bellKind
next to which
is
upon
their
own
(Fig
Stocks.
is
the
Portugal Pear
^tnce y
Plate UXIII.)
the
Portugal Apple ^ince^
{Fig.
11.) 5
and
.=l±
laftly, the
X
very worfl of
^
all is the
Engli/h ^ince, {Fig. HI.)
i
r
•r
.»n-
XXVll
LL
Of
ir
PPLES
and
uc'd on prod general are in
Wood of two Years growth
Branches
perfp
>
about Air iiiuch require as
their
y other
fufficienc
Kind of Tree j
allow'd but are they therefore if
y
Air; and
hot nearly Pofitions their
they require
no
furtl
Care.
M
m
THE
i
\
#
134-
O
rth
M
N
;
&C.
THE
folio wing >
beft
Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the
ViZ.
*
Plate.
Eg.
Plate.
^ Api
*
^BosTAppLEfr'jHiiw.
LXXV. VL LXXVU.
IV.
III.
II.
Kitchen Apple
_
Kentish Pippin
VI.
III.
Codling
LXXIV-
Kentish Rennet
^
^ ^ ^ ^
corpendue
Calvile Acoute
LXXV.
LXXV. LXXV.
LXXVI.
ISKXMI.
|LiSTNiNG,orJuL7Ap. V.
.
LXXVni. Margaret Apple
III. "^
LXXIX. LXXIX. LXXIV. LXXIV.
Calvile Red
Calvile Royal
Monstrous Ren.
III.
LXXVUI
LXXV.
LXXIX. LXXVII. LXXVI.
\
VI. VI.
III.
y^ Maucoan p^ NoN-PAREIL Pear Russet Apple
V.
IV.
French Pippin
French Rennet
I
V.
II.
^ Fenellet
'
LXXV.
V.
VI.
VII.
^ Pearmain Loans
Pickering's Pearm.
* Francatu * Golden Rennet
^*
Golden Pippin
^ Holland Pippin ^ Jerusalem Apple
L
IV.
II.
juniting
LXXVI. LXXIV. LXXIV. LXXIX. LXXVI. LXXIV.
-
VII.
II.
LXXVU.
LXXIX.
LXXIX.
Pome-Roy
Russeting
Russet Golden Tip:
Russet Wheelers
Stone Pippin
IV.
^ June Apple
KiRTON Pippin
VI.
LXXVIII. Spencer Pippin IV. LXXIV. 1 Winter. Pearmain
V.
IV.
LXXVII. Lxx vin LXXVIII
•
N.
.
B.
THOSE
Fruits marked thus
^
are very hauttful
when Grafted
upon Tarad'tfe Stocks^ and planted in ^ots^ Borders^ &c.
THE Characters of the feveral Cyder^Fruits o( Herefordjhire^
other
and many
inferior
Countries
famous
for
that
Liquor,
being in general
much
to four
Kinds
fent
me
from ^ynes near Exet
Apple ex
m
pted
2)evonJl:
,
the
Honourable
yet feen
3
Hugh
ftiall
Stafford, the Stire
therefore
which
in
have not
I
omit
their Defcriptions,
and
it
lieu^thereof give
the following
Account of thofe
4
Fruits, as I received
from that worthy
Gentleman.
4
\
,.:.(
wt»
i
1
'-T
i
H
Curious
•
\
li
Curious
Of
the
moft
ValuabJ e
/)
E/^0 N HIRE.
«
7
INCE
(and
you have
fcen the
Royal Wilding Apple
is
itfelf.
(y/^r^
fo
LXXVn.) which
very defervedly)
firft
fo very
much
celebrated
County, the Hiftory
is
of
be in
taken Notice of, which
perhaps
frefh
every Body's
ceptable to
Memory, may not
be unac-
you
The
is
n
and only Tree
tall,
om
which the Apple was
I
firft
propagated,
:
a very
in
fair,
and ftout one,
Quillet (as
believe about twenty Feet high
call it)
It ftands
a very
little
we
of Gardening, adjoining to the Road.
(the Poft
that
adeth from
Exeter to Oakhampton^
Way)
in the Parifli
:
of
St.
Thomas^ but
a Mile
near the Borders of another Parifli called Whttjione
A
Walk of
from Exeter
Sight of
will furnifii
any one,
who
hath fuch a Curiofity, with a
^
it.
IT
-^
I
-•
t
136
MON
IT
I
A
:
Or,
appears to be properly a Wildings that
is,
a
Tree
rais'd
from the
"\
Kernel of fome other Apple, without having been ever Grafted^ and
(what feems well worthy being obferv'd) hath,
there
in all probability,
flood
much more than
\
•.
feventy Years
5
for
two
antient Perfbns of the
neighbouring
fince,
Parifli
of Whitjlone^
aged upward of the
who died each of thtm feveral Tern C Number of Years now mentioned, declared,
firft
That when they were Boys, and
growing
then as
that
there at that time,
went
is
the
Road,
it
was not only
but,
what
very well worth Notice, was
tall
and flout
as
it
now
appears, (and
1
we may
1 3
rcafonably fuppofe
5
was when they were each about
at this time
f**?=r*
2 or
Years of Age)
it,
nor d
took
there appear
notice,:
f
any Marks of 2)ecay upon
as far as I
\
IT
is
a very conjlant and plentiful BcsiKr every other Year, and then
ufually produceth Apples
enow
to
make one of our
5
Hogflieads of
Cyder, which contains 64 Wine
of
its
Ga.I,lons
and
this
was one Occafion
I
being
fi.xft
taken Notice
:
ofj
and
little
yields
an Hiftory which
to
believe
other Tree ever did
For the
Cot Houfe
which
it
it
bel on PS,
together with the littk Quillet (as aforefaid) in which
feveral Years
alone, in a
flands, bein
fincc
moirfg/jge3
for ccir~Pdnhv3s, the Viuk
of
this
Tree
its
v
Courfe of ibme Years, freed the Houfe and Garden and more valuable Self from that Burden which is wont to involve all
Eftates in
other
one
common
Ruin.
\
Mr. FRANCIS
I
Gentleman of the Neighbourhood and y^"^y miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now men
(a
OLIVER
firft
tipn d)
was one of the
Perfons about Exeter that affeded the
Rough
Cyder, and for that Reafon purchafcd the Fruit of.this Tree every bearing Year: However, I cannot learn that he ever made
kfeparatemd
apart,
with other Apples, which notwithflanding added an Jd*mntage to his Cyder, with all thole who had any true Relifli
but
for that
wixd it
Liq
*-
WHETHER
fay, that
it
was thk or
2.ay other
Uotws,
I
cdnnot particularly
brought qn the more happy Experiment on this Apple. the Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (Redor of Whitjioney the
But
Parifh
before mention'd)
who
ufed to amufe himfelf with a
Nmfery, put on
fome
i
f,
n
^'
•
.
The
fome Heads of
JSIiirfery^
Fruit-Garden
WtUlng
5
lUuftrated.
»37
'
this
and a few Years
after
being out in his
about March^ a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs,
it
an4
finding fomething roll under his Foot, took
iMxs precious
up, and
it
proved an
jlpph of
finding
it
Frmt, which
it
IVIr.
Woolcomhe receiving rrom nim^
perfectly yo«» J, after
had
lain in the
long Grafs and Srro)le
"lA
o
the Nurfcry, thro* all
the Rahty Fvop^ and Sno'w of the foregoin
Fruit of
Winter >
thought
it
it,
muft be a
more than common Value
in a
:
And
the
having tafted
and found the Juices^ not only
mod
er fea:
Somidnefs and
J
^kknefs^ but
fuch likewife as fecm*d to promife both
that wife Cyder-Drinkers in ^efvon
fellen,
Body Roughnefs, and Flavour
begin to defire
3
now
he obferved the Graft from which k had
all
and fearching about found /bme more of the Apples, and
fame Soimdnefs
raft
5
of the
to
upon which
>
wi t houc any Hefitacion^ he
i
refolv'd
fome Numbers of them
ited which he accordingly did, but wai
with Impatience for the Experiment, which
Courfi e o
his firft
you know mu
be the
fome Years
:
They came
which
at length, and.
5
miftake not >
Reward was
a fmall Barrel
it,
of the Juice
exceeded
but his
much
greater
was the Excellency of
M
fat
all his
Expedatioiis,
Mr.
f "it
i
WOOLCOMBF
s 5
was nor a
it_cr
little
rleafed wlrh
it,
and talked
mu/emsMi^^ fifft, but when Time
it
of Hogfhead an produced
it,
from Raillery
came
to Serionfnefs,
and
Laughter from one every
thought of a iJame
fell
to Admiration.
In the
it
mean time he had
to be in the
for his Britifi
Wine^ and as
a ppe ar
of the Name Wilding retained he Grafted, not Fruit > original Tree a of gave a Title he Sove fo others, all to fuperior as he thought it
and
raignty
to
It
and
hence
the
triumphant
Royal JVilding, Fig.
I.
^late LXXVII.
THIS,
it
if I rightly
remember, was ab
6 Years
fince
:
The Gen we have
:
are County our of tlemen
now
promoting in where every almoft bufy
have
but Juftment-Holder and Farmers and fome of the wifer Sale for enough that) do muft Time you know
yet (for
five
I
known
Guineas
refiifed
of Hogfteads our for one of
Shillings,
>
tho' the
common
Cyder goeth for
Twenty
and the
South-Ham from
Thirty. to Twenty-five
N
fl
MUST
128
MON
MUST
Hoard
5
Or7
add, that
Mr. WooJcombe hath
referved
fome of them
r
for
I
have
tafted the Tarts
I
of them, and they come nearer to the
^ince
than any other Tart
ever eat of.
F
WHERE-EVER
South'Ham
to
it
hath been tried as yet, the Juices are
er fealy
good^ (but letter in fome Soils than others) and
will condefcend
when
the Gentlemen of
to give them a Place in their Orchards,
this
they will undoubtedly exceed us in
Liquor, becaufe
we muft
yield
them
in
the
Apple
in their
Soil
:
But
it is
happy
for us that at prefent
they
are fo wrapt
up
own
Sufficiency^ that
5
they do not entertain any
fliall,
it
Thoughts of
fetching Apples firom us
and when they
muft be
another twenty Years before they can
do any thing
I
to Purpofe, the'
fome of
their
_
more thinking Gentlemen
m
f
them tranfported
and
well
thither,
(by Night
am you may
their
told begin to get
fome of
J
fuppofe, partly for
Shame,
I
partly for Fear
aflfured,
of being mobbed by
rejoice in the
Neighbours) and will,
am
much
Produdion.
AM
am
%
perfonally acquainted
with Mr. WooJcomhy and
(zs
if
I
may be
here re
it is
lated) I can promife
you
I Tiavc the Suhjlance
fiom
his
own Mouth, and
perfedly
I
Cyder, that
with a Perfualion of the Excellency of the doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when
offefled
Gentlemen
tners
fliall
fhall
have furnifh'd themfelves with the
fallen in
it 5
Fruit,
and
-
the Far-
have
with
it
alfo,
"
this
County will be
tho
rendered abun-
dantly happy in
and
therefore I could really wifli, that
It
whenever the
felf the Fruit
Original Tree decaycth,
will never
c'Der fliall
,
I affure
my
be out of Ufe)
his Statue
(carved out of the^Stump, but
by
the
Hand
Road
,
and overlaid with Gold)
it,
may
be ereded near the
the
publick
in the Place of
at the
comnion Charge of
County
of
S
e'Don.
^x
V
WHAT other
fay, becaufe
Fruits there
may be
in
Nature^ neither you nor
the Kernels of
can
7
you well know whenever we fow
any Appl
we
have always Varieties of
new and unknown Apples produced
y
but
all
I will
affirm I never tafted
Cyder equal
y
(not
the
genuine ffer^/ar^ I ever drank) thatof
thWbitfom {FigMl^PlateLXXVll)
on
1
The
Frui t-G ar DEN
hereafter)
lUuJirated.
139
only excepted, (of which
betwixt
and
as
yet the Controverfy
That and
the
Royal Wilding continues undctermin'd
THE
in
Colour of the Royal Wtld'mg^ without any Affiftance of Jrt
bright Tellowifi rather than a Redifh Beertjh
any Kind
Tind
All the
The
other Quahties are a JSlobk Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Tielicaie
(excufe the Expreffion)
Roughnefs^ and a
in
fine
Vmous Flavour
:
other Qualities
you may meet with
laft
is
fome of
to
e
the bell of our South'
Ham Cyd
but the
pecul
Royal Wilding an
Whitfour only, and you will in vain look
for it in
any oth
BEFORE
know,
that
it is
I
yet leave
Royal Wildings
lc(s
I
muft
furth
let
you
fometimes called (tho' no
injurioujly than unaccuvately)
the Red'Hill'Crahy from the
Name
J
of that Part of the Highway near
called
which the
original
Tree ftand
which
Red-Hill
THIS Name
it is
is
injurious,
becaufe Crah (as yet)
if
is
ufed
among
it
us
iii
a Senfe of 2)iminutiony at
plain there
is
leaft,
not of Reproach
5
or was
not
fo,
nothing in that
^
Name
which
fuggefts the fuperlative
carrieth
^f^
Excellency of the riuit
Its
whereas the Title of 'Rnynl tF^/i/^x
it
dcfervedly
hath to
all
other Cyder-Fruit yet difcoverU
AND
for
this
other
Name,
as I faid,
is
alfo
maccurate, becaufe
I
rathet
them
know,
(as
bef(
an Jpple than a Crah ( of which, however, fince you have For you > your felf may judge) muft furthe r you
that tho'
call the
we
frequently take the
Word Jppk
for the
whole Kind y
as Horfes^
we
whole Kind Horfes, including
as well
Mares
more
e
ftridtly fpeaking) yet
when we
Ipeak
more exaRly, we underftand
Word Apph
is
in Oppofitxon
and Conir aiiBion to the Cral, which moft
Fruit,
commonly
however,
a very fmallj harjh, yellow
tho' they
and
ordinarily
groweth
Trees
^
in our Hedge-Rows,
I
make very
this <very
large
and very
lafting
have feen one Sort of
5
fmall barjh Fruit
there
is
finely ftreak'd
with red Outfide
and
in
my
is
Neighbourhood
one Tree o
f
which them, of Kind another
the only one of the Kind
I
red both Infide and Outfid
and
It
IS
ever
&w
or heard
o£
WHILST
t
/
140
O
WHIST
was
I have thus
M
N
to
Or
7
•
had occafion
mention the Crah^
it
not be.improp
rm you
that the Excellence of
em
for
may Cyd
commonly
know n
and
within thefe late Years
They were formerly
would
elfe
fufFer'd to fall
he eaten hy the
Hogs, when they
or
eat
them, (which was not always^ becaufe of
:
their Harfhnefs)
to rot upon the Ground
fell at
But they are
now
fo well underftood, that
they
a
much
greater Value than the
common Apples, and we begin
propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho'^ in
they
Fruit,
my Op
y
do much
than
Cyd y when mix'd with other when pounded by themfehes. The firft Difcovery of their
better as
an Ingrediejjt
Ufefulnefs
tailed J
was
the
pounding of fome of them
better
for Vinegary
which.
when
proved
much
Cyder than any of the common Cyder of
Country
HOWEVER,
larger than the
there
is
a
much
fmaller Sort
y
of Crab with
us,
not
7
Top
of
Th um
(and I think never making a Jv
never put
but growing only in Bujhes) which
we
Cyder, but ufe
^
them only
to
make Vinegar.
It
YOUwi
this Place,
firft faid
y
may
bey think
all
k improper
if I take Notice to
IS
you
J
that
Cyder made
of any Sort of Wildings^ (that
grafted
as
of Apples propagated from Kernels, and
upon
with any Sort of Fruity tho' you
pleafe)
may
found to be excellently
them on what Stocks you good, and much preferable to that
graft
is
made with our common Appl
him with admirable Liquor
dijl i nguijlo
There
a Gentleman in the
Neigh
which
bourhood of Exeter^ who hath now
furniOi
5
large Plantations
of them
but the beft of it wants the delicate
d moft
did
I
d
meet
Flavour of the Royal Wilding and Whitfour-y nor any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex
one Sort of Wilding of my by^and-by.
cept in
^
om,
of which
^
I jflhall
fay fomething
*
r
HAVE
thefe
only to add concerning the Royal Wilding, that with twelve or fourteen Years believe more than 200,000 of the
Grafts have been propagated
This
l>}eighloimng Counties
fince,
3
r
and.
if
I
miftake
y
heard about
3
two Years
fome of them
fay if they
were
fent for
from rorkjh
d what would you
ould
be
The
be tranfplanted
pYohabk
as
Fruit-Garden
to the
lUnfirated.
I4.£
Rhhiey
w liich
5
how
for a
IS
not a Itog
carrii
tm
you
are apt to innagine
Gentleman who
I
d
f( #«
of the Whitfour with him into Germanyy (and^ as
fay which of the
have before
that
faid >
two
exceeds) aflured
me,
when he had
much
it,
celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German,
whofe Expecla
tafted
of
this
extraordinary Liquor were
much
It
raifed
when he had
cried out.
He found
much
as
It
nothhig in
it^
for
^as
only like their Rhenifh.
AND
know
as
thus
for
the
felf
RoyaJ Wilding
am now
let
you
>
much
}
my
as
do of
its
only Rival
the Whitfo
Whitefo
fpell
lefs
you
pleafe)
of which, however^ you
will find
I
have much
at
it,
to lay^ than
on the other beloved Siibjed^ becaufe
am
fome Diflance from
and becaufe
it
that Part of our
County which
chiefly produceth
ftemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with
many
of the Things
I
have before told you of the Royal Wilding,
t-f
THIS
tnxjo
is
fmall yellow Apple, which
fall
very ioo
is
Th
w
you)
they
:
or (as others fay) three Sorts of them_, but the beft
call the
is
Tancrafs Whitfour^ (tho*
3
why
XKT
fo called
in
I
cannot
tell
the fmalleft
there
were fome of them
my
3
many
Years iince,
4inJLJL4tri o\i2
Neighbourhood a g might have been dif
they are the genume
ome
other Part of
County
the County called the South-Ham, (bounded by Part of that of Produce
and are not yet Dart^ and Teing Rivers the
of our County,
tho'
common
in the other Parts
faft as
we now
begin to promote them as
we think
we
enow^* Wildings Royal got have
V,
A
S
far as 1 c^n learn they
have bee n Ion
in the
South-Ham, but
Years in ten fo bad or Reputation, eight that the thefe within until
Cyder of them
fold for one halfSie
that
Value
lefs
than the other Cyder, as
of Gentleman a
Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder-
told me. Parts) thofe of Knowledge
THE
^alities of the Juices are
precifely the
fame with thofe of the
that, as
Royal Wilding 5
and
very near one to the other^
hav e
perfed Rivals, are they fuggefted, before often
Conteft, as
is
and created fuch a
hich of and w uncommon, very
was an Ear-Witnefs.
for
A
Cyders, whofe Whitfour South-Ham Gentleman of the
^ the Year
9
O
o
w^ere
f
14.2
O
were very celebrated,
Clarets
(for
M
O
N
in
Or,
our Cyder Vintages,
like
thofe
of the
*
and TortSy
are very different
different Tears)
and had been
drank of by another Gentleman,
conteftcd
who was
a happy Pofleffoi
and
\
Lord,
facile 'Princeps^
of the Royal Wi /dingy met at theHoufe
after the
of the
latter
Gentl eman, a Year or two
fure
fam'd Royal Wildi
you may be
had been
was produced,
as the beft
:
Return for the Whitfour that
taflied at the
other Gentleman's
And what was
ufual
that
'}
e
Conteft
e
?
Each Gentlem
did
not contend > as
IS
his
was
Beji
Cyder
>
but fuch was the jEquilihium of the
J
fuch the
in
Ge
/
nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer
that each affirmed his
Gentlemen we have not
5
our County)
own was
the worft
the
-
Gentleman of the South'
Ham
declared in
Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of
In the
Parts declared for the Whitfour,
mean
time, the
d-ecide
Company
Contro
Whitfo
(which was publick and very numerous) could not
y
the
e
becaufe (being Gentlemen of the
prefent to fpeai, fc
itfelf
ftrideft Juftice)
was not then
of the
But
thofe
who had
tailed each
their
m
as far as they
could judge from the Reprefentations of
\
n
Memories, remained under a perfed Indetermination
THE Manner
tufb^
and
thofe
is
in
which the Whitfour came tojhew
the boldeft Rougbnefs,
all
itfelf
H:
Its
true
Cyders
I
which hav
the
(and
for
any thing
know
the Cafe
fame with
AppI
Juices)
grow harder
the longer they
are permitted to fland
on
the Grofs
and therefore the fooner they
are foftned
are taken off
from them^ the more they
we
therefore chuf^
to rack
them from
the fouler or thicker Lyes^ as foon
we
perceive
they are feparated in
fome
tolerable
is
Manner, which (according' to the
ordinarily in
or
more
diflurbed Weather)
foft
two, three
four
Day
will
and the more
you would have your
four
Cyd
the
more
frequently
w
you rack
it
it
to three
Times only 5
the weaker
Cyd
not bear
above twice
BYth Method
o Repi
z I
>
and
can learn, the Whitfour was have within thefe ten Day tafted
far as I
firft
brought
of that
Cyd
(brought from the South-Bams)
7
made
this
twelve
Month s,
bottled lafl
Summer, and perfedly^^^^ which was as fweet and mellow as tho' it had come that Morning from the Pound and under all that Honey^ it had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which is the Glory of our Cyder :
only
«
m
The
Fru
I
Ga H DE N
m
lUuJlrated.
143
only wife People would be more fparing in
that firft Racking, that they
may
thereby deftroy that Lafctvioufnefs which
is
may be
acceptable to a
Female or a LoiidoneVy but
Saxon.
ever ofFcnfive to a
hid and
generous Weft"
WHAT
of
late Years
:
I
have
now
faid
of Racking the Whit four holds good of
the
-I
all
the other letter Cyders likewife, an
Reafon of the Adva
it
South' Ham Cydi
that
Reputation which
hath gotten of
be) prove un
A
fliort
Account of which will
may
acceptable.
THE
have
Claret in which our truly Loyal
Gen
ever drank
Church and King^ was ftopp'd from France by was imoo ffibl e they
it
Revoli
i
live
without
D
>
d
as impoffibl
in
fair
Bourdeaux
Way (any other you know They had endured an half Fi
their
they always fcorn'd) from
(that
of Drink) an
Magifter Artis Ingeniique Largltor Fenter^ they applied thcmfelvcs to
improve the Produce of
the happy
Fruits
^'
_
own
Fruit.
This o£frequent Racking was
.vhich they
and
fuccefsful
Thought >
found
a
free
their rougher
much mended,
that I ma!ce no doubt
Trade with
-jC'i
ij*
r.
France^z.^ naw~aa
Import of tbe fmaller Clarets Royal
ordinarily
w ould
may
become may and Whitfour
feel the Effefts
venddk, Bourdeaux
itfelf
of
it.
WHILST
hard many
I
am
fpeaking to you of Raclhig,
I
muft not omit to
his
fay.
in Perfon a that
my
Neighbourhood,
who had
it
itj
the Whitfc
Fruits,
Or
Years^ (tho' either
by mixing
That
with other
or for
want o
Ifing
its
the talent
of proclaiming
he never
unlefs
tributed
it
toward s
carefully.
Reputation) hath told me,
you watch
>
and
very
this
take
its firft
Sep
m
from
difficult
ill
grofler
Ly
(which WJ 11 be
it fine
m
a
few Days)
tho' whether
I
Matter ever to get
after
And
(and
no be would perhaps
this
3
Rule to be obferv'd
his
in
all
the ftronger
9
Cyd
found
was
Cafe in a Jingle Year
fuch Cafes
know
I
are frequently to be
met with) or whether he
alivay
it fo,
do not remember
that I enquired of him.
WHAT
:
4
H
144
M
WHAT I have now
drawing
it
ON A
Or,
[aid
o£ Racking, (which, properly fpeaking,
be as welL
is
from one
cloje
Cask to another) may perhap
I
if
not better, pradis'd (and
tleme
know
it
to be the Pradice of
many Gen
contain
(that
y
by
getting a
\
ery larg e
Fat
K
J
which wi
call
it,
whole Pounding of Cyder, and the ^ummke^ as we
the grojfer
1
^arts of the VuJpoi the Apples, which
thro' a
rife
3
will, tho
flhall
rain ft
in
w
d
at the
Pound
Range, mix with the Juice) you
n
at
le(i s
than a
Day
to
at the
Top, and
in a
Day
or
two more
moft, to
it^
it
grow very
thick
and
as foon as
little
white Fermentations break thro"
prefently
(about the Largenefs of the
off under at a Foflet-Hole
3
Top of your Finger) they
\{
draw
a
you
fuifer
k
to continue Ion
the
Heady which
and
is
then become a thick Cruji^ will fink
away at
letting
the
Bottom >
this ferves inftead
lefs
of ^zjirft Racking
But
\
your
continue longer or
Time on
your
a
thefe
Lyes
in
the clofe Casks,
likewife
Cyd you may
frequent
harden or foften
after
it
at
Pleafure, as
you
may by
is
Rackings
is
3
but
this is
Method which
the weaker Cyders will not
at
endure^ (as
before faid) one or
two Rackings
moft
all
they can
bear. they have not
Body and Sp
gh to undergo any more fuch
Expence s yis that Operation doth una\ho^idahly
*..(
THERE
is
one Thing not yet taken Notice of in
Jge^ and the
thcjfc
Cyd
is
7
which concerns
their
Time of
their continuing good,
The
that
I
moft frequent Commendation you meet with of other Cyders
they will keep three, four, or (rather than fail) feven Years
•
but
muft
own
I
never yet tafted any Cyder^ but what was
:
lejl^
and
in thz greatefl
^erfe^ion, the frji Year
have indeed heard of Cyd Cyder (and parti particularly fome CrahCyder) which is not drinlalJe the Jirjt Year, but mellows and groweth excellent the fecond or third 5 but I never had
I
the
J
Pleafure of
making
the Experiment
5
however,
(unlefs
there
be fome
fuch ilUnaturd Cyders as are a NoJi
me tangere
the
firft
Years) I will
venture to fay the
any other
5
tho' I
RoyaJ Wilding and Whitjbur will keep good as long as muft repeat it, they are never as good in any of die
firft,.
following Years as they are the
'^
LET
^
t
t
dB3>
The
FRUiT-GARbEN
I
1
IHuftrated.
45
LET
tliat I
t
me,
to
dole
Account of
thefc
Liquors, afTure yoii >
>
have heard them authoritativeh
tied the 2)evoJiJIjfre Stire
liave feen
Bourdemix and
>
:n
Btivgundy ftand melancholy and
*
^gleffed
L
before
them
an
ha\
hedrd White tflm called for to
thoIc
1
Cyders.
AND
Meadeate
r
fo
much
for
Royal Wilding znAWhitfour,
(as
You
:
dc fired
bfe
r
alfo informed
of the Mediate^ or
our
common
fent
)
tell
Peopl
>
T
pronounce
I
L
Th e
Size
faid
Appl e
I
tfelf
hath bee
nly
it
d therefore
r
nothin
alfo
o
>
&.
I
muft
is
you (which
I
fliould
have
of the Whitfour) that
a very conftant
pknuftil
\
Bearer every other Year, and.maketh a vcryhandfome (tho' no exceeding
large) Tree,
nor
(if I miftake not)
is ic
'^^
as liable
'
to
Blights as
%
mo
other Trees are;
I
"
f
1.
f'
*
>
^
THE Juices of
Colour
i
it
have
of,
all
the
Body and Roughnefs of
to
the
two
other
i
Cyders before fpoken
J
and make good Advances
the
fame Golden
Flavour
but, alas
!
want the perfe6ling and
dijl'tnguljloing
is it
thofe Unparallerds
]
:
Nor when made by
filch
itfelf
ever (or very rar
ever,
andthat furelvnot without
runk up.
Art
as I
could
never yet
e
a
Maftcr
fomc Cyder
this Sort,
which Prefent, w^s for a faid to Be Jll of Gentleman a to fent
beft the Royal with Wildtiig or vie Whitfour might which and
I
j
but had
been
to talk with
the
Maker
himfelf,
I
imagine
:
I
is
fliould
I
have found
Fruit with other of Mixture a there was
its l>loble
it
This
it is
fure,-
that
by Means
Body and
J
excellent Roughnefs^
a moft vakahle Apple,
in Cyde'i*, tngredtent excellent an and becomes Nature. quicker and brisker a with Fruit of
efpecially difcreetly forted
i
T
5
is
commonly
faid to
have
its
Name
from a
Meadow
call
Gate^
ft
ear
which
/
(the Plarit original the
happy Parent of -this laudahk Apple)
firft
flood
for
(I
in the
ar
Dialed of our Country,- we
to
a Afead
laft
Miead
the
-;--
know
d by
not
how
convey
to
yOu the true Sound of that
call a
Spelling)
the fame
Way
of fpeaking
Gate a Teate
9
Lawyers
gin)en) for yeon:)en write
d thefe Words put togeth
common Pronunc
will afford Meadyaie^
wnic
IS
eafily
a (Tea
mo
*r-
0m
#
11^6
O
into Meadeatey
M
O N A:
1
Or,
and
that as eafily
into
(what the letter Sort
e
ufi
i
pronounce
tatiofi
Mideate, tho* wheth
Facility
Faa
only
or
nly the Invi"
this
and
I
of the Etymology ^ that gave occafi
Account
f
it.
take
upon me to
affirm
?
am
)r
*tis
more inclind
think the latter^ becaufe I never hear the Farmer^ or Ejlate^ or Varijh
or even the Part of the South-Hams mention 'd,
L
laid to
be
ori-
ginally
of
that
Country) where
it
this
Tree, or this Gate, or this
3
Meadow
we
can
was,
-or
how
long fince
begun to be propagated
all
which
point out of the Royal Wilding, as
you have
before feen
THE
wete but
f%
Apple hath been long known
5
it
is
common
in the
r
Orchards
late there
of feveral Farmers,
io.'^
of more Gentlemen) tho' until of
that
of thofe Farmers
kt any
great Value
on them
THESE
/
are
the three Sorts
of Aptlt
y
County, which do
yet carry the greatefl: Reputation for Cyder.
You
fince
defire
of
me
further
an Account of Ibme
of my own, which yielded a Liquor that
5
was talked of every where, about three Years
fliall