Pomona Britannica 1817

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.135
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T

Fruit-Garden Ulujlrated,
Containing
\
I

Sure Methods

for

Improving

all

the

Kinds of
t

Now
i

EXTANT

in

1

t

^
I

i\r

G
SOILS
are clearly

A N
made
and

m

i

\

CALCULATED FROM
Great Variety of
^
f

\t

EXPERIMENTS
WHEREIN
Stocks,
and

in all

Kinds of
\

ASPECTS.
,-1'

Thc Manner
1-

of Rajfing-^Y o v ij g

Graftings Inoculating^

^lantingy

&c,
With

fully demonftrated.

r-«

DIRECTIONS
RULES

>

•i

I.

wherein Reafons^ Marnier^ and Confequemes thereof are clearly
demonflrated.
' j

For

Pruning
Nailing

of their for the IV. leave no more than ymmg'fet Fruits Nature can flrongly fupport, and ripen in the
greateft Perfection.

Thinning

II,

For

wherein the true
:

that the Branches of F be laid upon the Walls, are fet forth moft important and ufeful Difcovery,
to Gardeners in general.
III.

Being a

For ^referving and Ordering Young Fruit*, their SloJJbm to the Time o^ their

unknown

VL To

give

them

their

true Tajle and Colour

For

Preserving
Frqfls,

when fully grown,

the Injuries of

Winds^ &c.

Seafon of Ripningy Manner of Gatherings Treferving^ &c.

Likcwife
s

fe vcml Praftical

OBS E RVA TIO N S

on

the

ImUhlng 9ower

and Ter/pkations of Fruit-Trees j the feveral EfFeds o(Heat2Lni Moljlure tending to the Growth and Maturity of F r u ITS.
.

To

which

is

added,

A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyder-Fruits
The Whole
lUuftrated with above Three

of

D
feveral

Hundred

Drawings

of the

F

Curioufly

Eng

Seventy-nine large Folio Plates

By

BATTT £^NGZ£rof
1
r

Twickenham,
«

L

N D
D

O

N

:

Printed for G. Strahan in Comhill i R. Gosling. W. Meaks, F. Clay. D. Brow B. MoTTE, and L. temple-bar GG in IVeftmmJier-Hall s B o R Nj at Qray S'Jnn Gate , and C. a v i s in Pater-Nojier-RoivJ. Mo. Bot. Garden,

G

O

JS

M

1893
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S^»r'

'1

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TO

T H
-Ji

Mi.T

7

*
#

Moll Excellent Majefty
f*
'

•

-^
.i-

-,^f
T_.

'4

^
it

^

^:«.A

'i
w^

wr «

:3
y
wp-

f

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^

MAJl_AJ!if,
^^
r^ ^
it^i-F'

i
<t
^.

<

OUR
'*'.

i

^

Majefty*s
exquifite

.

known Goodnefs
in

and

Knowledge
in
«

Horti

culture>

hope -will excufe
•

my
#f
*
>?

Prefumption
fiioft

Dedicating

to

Your
T

Sacred JMajefty the en
:

^^^

if-S

Work

which 1

am

bold to

IS

an accurate

ation of Vegetable

Na

valuable the moft Produdions of various ture in her
Fruits

now

extant in this Nation

dual Operations, thro* their feveral
to their Maturity, are
>

Wherein her gra Degrees of Growth^
:

exadly delineated and
a

defcrib'd.

TO
\

-*-i

*

-•-

J"

IV

2)

E

A

N.

TO
m
one

attempt

a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty's

Illuftrious Character,

would be an Undertaking fupe
Genius,

rior to the greateft

and

intirely inexcufable

who
his

has

made

thefe Humble, thou or

ufeful 7

Studies y

principal

Employmen t

?

and has

no

Capacity, belides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty, fb arduous a Task 1
X
'v

BUT
lour

.>*

m

as we,

who have

the Happinefs to live

m
our

inoft aufpidous Reign, behold united in

Your

Sacred Majefty the Perfeaions and Virtues of

all

moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflbrs It y would be in fotne meafure unpardonable to omit any ._ Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the
Bleflings

heap'd upon U5 by

Your Goodnefs.
r-J

#
4

Sacred Majefty, our moft gracious Sovereisfn imploy s his important Cares for the t)"j Happinefs and Profperity of his People, both at

WHlLETBis

-jT

Home

and Abroad > in order to fecure to them their Rights and Privileges, and to preferve and extend the Benefits of their Trade and Commerce, and is the Arbiter of
Europe

You Madam,
J

powerfully recommend to
bright

all

^

Youf

Subjects,

Your own

Example

,

the

great Concerns of Religion and Virtue of a Pri va te and Domeftick Life.
I

and the Duties

'V-

f
'-r

BE

D

A
t -.

N.

V

BE

it

the

Task of a more

elevated

Genius

to

tranfmit to Pofterity

the Uluftrious

Graces of Your

Majefty's Publick Charadler,

together with the Ex-

Maternal and Affeftion, Conjugal Your of emplarinefs

and future Hopes (the Offspring Royal are of Your profound Know Yolif ; Kingdom) this of Happinefs
ledge in
all

Parts of Divine and
Piety,
to

Human

Learning

y

Your Exemplary
approaching

and

that Gracious Affability

and Condefcenfion

-all

who have

the Honour o
*-

Your Royal

Perfon, which
^

is
»

peculiar to

Your Majefty
a

W'H I L E

I indulge

my felf

in the

m
;

u

Mi»d to a That ranee> of Contemplation improved by Study, the
exalted

Nature and
the

Works
autiful

of the Great

Creator,
getative

difplay'd in the
!b5 aturcp-txjntai

n

Produdions

'd

ni

the

will Gardening, be and an Planting Syftem.of copious more arduous Your when Entertainment, agreeable
\

Affairs will

permit Your Majefty

to enjoy the

calm

Retirement. and Solitude of Sweets peaceful and

m*

THIS

agreeable Affurance

emboldens

me

to lay

and Obfervations following the -Majefty Ypur beforeExperiments on the choiceft
duc'd in thefe
Fruits

which are pro

\

Kingdoms

:

The

right Ordering whereof

will underftood, well being

and Mature them render

Wholefome
%

?
-«,

VI
*<

D

D
r

A
F

N.
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Wliolefome; and not a of Your People.

little

contribute to the Health

Your Majefty may long continue an Ornament to the Royal Dignity/ an Example to Your Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration
of Europe^
is

THAT

the fervent Prayer

of.
«

May

pie afe
i
--%

Tour

Ma

if

e sty ?

Tour Majefifs mofi Dutiful,
9

4C

And
/

moji

Loyal
.h^

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Batty Langley.
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A
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LTHO
Grotto's,

our

a dy ^S^alk s ?

Avenues, Groves

Wildernefles

Fountains^
to

Canals.
the

&c,

{of

ivhkh

have en
Variety
before, in

deavourd
Vlans ?
ifter

gratify

C

fwHh great

a

Grand and more Rural Manner than has hen done
of Gardenin
lately

my

New
and
the heft

hlifljd)

may

e juftly

ro p

portion dy

truly executed in all their Tarts, yet if they are not

em^

lellijh'd mth

Kinds of Fruits now extant

in

England,

it

cannot

le faid

hut that they

are ^ajily Jbort of thofe Beauties 'which
as well as Trojitalle

male

them truly

Grand and Nohky
dd hut conjider

and Delightful
Leaves

IF we

the various Forms and Colours of
it

the

Fruit ^TreeSy and compare them with Forejl ^Tre es ,
rees

will le found

V ^fjuaJIy-ns lieautfful-T-^Ttt-wh^ff
they are

WC
G

COWparC
springs

their beautiful

Bloffoms, with which

adorn d in

Leaves their and fucceed, which their Fruits
only^ ForeJi'Trees }f
'tis

alfo,

with the bare Leaves

evident that there's no manner of Compartfofi

tetween them
J

B VT
are
to

It

is not to hi underjiood, that

decaufe the

Beauties of Fruit-^

Foreji-Trees that therefore Forefl-TreeSy Trees are fuperior to thofe of
rejeSfedy and not receivd in our Gardens.

And Jince
'tis

that

Fruit-Trees are
that

hioWn

to he beautiful as well as profitable^

therefore

I

with them Forefi-^Tfees, Planting the advife of

in Wildernefles

and

other

Rural TdrU

agreeable various their that Gardens^ of
not o?ily delightfully entertain the

MixEyes

tures of the

Leaves and Fruits, may
Beholders,
aljo*

as

they pafs

thro

the feverat

Meanders thereof
J

hut their Tafte

BESIDES

i

if-

V

Vlll

The

BESi'DESy
ProfitsJ
{exchji'

from Plantations of this

Kkd^

there airways arlfe great

aforefaid Vleafures)

hji

^

Apples

d

'Pears produce

good Cyder and Perry

Goofehernes an
in

Currants

mme
he/ides the

5

Ch
Services in

Raslerries fine Mixtures
the Kitchen
to

Brandy^ dec

many

for Tarts,

Sec, all fwhich
therefc
iS

'very ferviceahle

and advantageous

a Family, an

mo

loumhly recommended to the Con/lderation of the Judici
w

As I have

thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen
5

very well in the open Air

namely^ Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples,

Strawberries, Rasberries^ Goofeberries, Currants^

^c. I fhall now

pro--

ceed to fay fomething relating to the moft dejired Fruits, namely, thofe

produced againji Walls.

THE
Ap
i

valuable Wall-Fruits in England, are Cherries,

Plumbs

Peach

Grap

y

Fig

y

d Pea rs
when well

which we have a very
order d, in kind Seafc
9
.

great Variety, that are truly good,

>
•

But,

to

the great Misfortune of mofi

of our Nohility and Gentry

tis

very feldom that they have any that are truly good,
kind^ notwit

when

Seafon
i

the very -great Expences they are at, except hy

Accident,

when Nature her felf has
has^

a6ied the

Part of a judicious Ga
to the

dener 5 a^id the Reafons thereof whollyjmknown

Gardener undi

whofe ^tre^fonfie

IT

as

impojthk that Fruits can ie mature and ripen'd in their
y

greateft PerfeCi

whe

their

are full

Crudities
it is

that are

confind in them for

want of a
•

free Perfpiration, as

for Natur

equally to fupport ten 'Lo%en of Peaches,

&c.

''with
'

the

fame Nourijh

ment as

when

there is

' hit

-^ a T)ozen

and half

two 'Do%en at mofi
no one

But

this is 72ot the dire6i

Fault

Gardeners y

as there s

them now in England, {the ingenious
at Chelfea excepted) that
contain

Mr.

Miller of the Phyftck

Garden

knows

ever thought)

of Crudities
^Jind^

hing
their

d

in the

f
and

Fruits,
5

which, when

Tafies to le watery

infipid

that fuch Crudities are diflharged hy

Perfpiration, {very

—
that

not to he

few of nsohom know the Meaning of the Word) they hlamedfor what they never knew, and therefore 'tis no wonder
nually produced in great ^mntities,

had Fruits have heen

even

when
\

I

The
4

E.
as the ^erfptration of Fruits is d

ix
»

nsjhen Seajbns

were ^ery

hi

new

'D'lfcoveryy their paji

Errors are pardonahle

5

hit for the future

'tis

pe6iedy
executed^

that they

are no more pra6iifedy

and

the following ftri6ilj
in the utmojb

whereby every GentlemaJi will

receive

his Fruits

VerfeCiion, that his Soil

and

the Seafbn can produce-.

THE following Works are,
fuch a

in general^ Matters of
dejires to

FaB^

digefted in
the Renfons

Manner

as to he

read hy every one that

know

and Confequemes
e

of all their Operations^
*

which I humlly

conceive will

no

lefs

delightful than Profitable

the

Whole heing a new Scene
thro' out her various

Nature^ wherein her wonderful Methods of Working,

^rodu6tionSy are fully demonjlrated^ in a concife and eafy

Manner

^

ca

culated to the Underjianding of the meanefi Capacity^ as well as the mojt

Oolite and Learned

herein.

',

^

"'TIS ^ery protdhtey
e

ihdt^ at

the jirfi Sight hereof Gardefiers
old,

may

unwilling
*

to

depart from their

uncertain^ conceited
>

Methods^

Relieving themfelves either too oldy or too well learned, to learn more than

ihey already

know

t,

or

may imagine^

that

what

is

here offered for fheir
%

Impro'oementSy

fnav may

he lard

Chimera*s

onh.

lih 'unto all which has

leen wrote on this SubjeSi ly TheoricaJ Gardener s^

who

never had {or

were Ired
conJideTy
I

to) 'Practice,

But howevery

temperately ready hut will they if

and make
em

Experiments^ on fame of their TreeSy Experie nee will

Coon convince

Opinions
r

/ST

is

a

^very

great Mijtake and Misfortune y <when Nohlemen and

hut are good Gaitdeners^y always changing^ with he cannot Gentlemen fixd

and very often from a had
till

to

a worfe, which a^Jirft

is

not difcoverdy
fo the

fome

terrible Stroke
theniy

is

made among the Fruit'Trees, perhaps
'tis too late
'^-^

utter

Ruin of

and then

to he retrieved.

THERE
employ
)

is

a certain Kind of People in England, who having leen

d

in the labouring 'Part of Gardeningy perhaps hut for one

Month
tho'y at

will then put on

Jp

i

and

call

themfelves Gardi

9

the fame time^ they infaEt are no more than Wheel-harrow

Men, and

very often hardly worthy of that

Office*

BT
\

%

\

t

t

s

5-1

X
%

The

E.

;

BT that time that

thefe

Sort of "People

ha^e continud in fuch
to

E

hegin they a Tear, ploys ahut the Space of an go they away any, hear they as of asfoon and want Gardeners-,
offer

enquire cwhat Gentlemen

Gardeners true-lred are they their Sermce^, faying, that
to

5

that they

hel/d

make fuch a Nohlemans Garden

5

nay,
it,

my

often will

have

the Impudence to fay, that they actually

made
to

tho hut a

Wheel4arrow

Man
of
the

at mojly as

I ohfervd

before

5

and

chfe up the Whole,

m ah
whom
to

Name

eminent Nurfery-Man, fome of

or Gardener, under

they fay they were infiruded, tho
tm.

perhaps they

are wholly

unknown

JNT>

any ly can they if

means come

to

know what Wages
that
is,
i
,

the lajt

Gardener was paid, they always ask much
Gardener fervd for 20
1.

lefs j

if the former

per
3

Ann.

they will ferve for

12, \o,nay.

fori J

rather than fland out

and upon

that Account

very

ft en employ'd,

NOW when
new
afterwards
Jin)e

a Gentleman hasfirjl

hen

at a great Expence in building

Walls, purchajing Trees, preparing the Soil, planting them

or Jix Tears Expences
is

in

their

Ordering, under the

Government of a good Gardener, and

then in Hopes^

and a fair Way
hour
5

of receiving good Store of Fruits for his Expences xmd ounf^r at her ^ the then, perhaps upon form trifijn
plantedrand brought them into that fine fruitful State^
is

why
and
\

eWer ~who

difcharged,

one of the aforefaid Pretenders received into his ¥lace,

who

immediately

begins either to cut or flay, without either Fear or Wit, or otherwife
fuffers them
to

grow
tis

in

fuch diforderly Manner, that after one Jingle
\

Tears Growth,
them
to the

not

in the

Vower

a

skilful

Truner

to

recover

fame

State, as

when

they werefirfl committed into the Hands
leafl.

their Executioner, of

under the Space of three or four Tears at the

OF
from
the

thefe

"Pretenders

Northern Parts,

we who

have

great Numbers annually imported

very probably might in time be as good
to

Gardeners as any in England, had they but Modefty enough

be well

inftru^ed by our EngliQi Gardeners, before they attempt fuch
takings.

Under

IT
^-»

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r

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The
i^^^fa

E.

>*l

M

%

\

IT is
to
to

aJfo

a very great Mijlake

h

Gentlemen^
^joho

ns^ho

Lett

tfoeir

Gardens

he kept hy the Tear^ to

Undertahrs^

generally Lett them aga'm
that, to

Gardeners under

theniy at

ficb very low Rates,

fa^e themin

felves, they are forced to Jlight
ns)orJp;

and hurry over

every

Tart

ir

Manner,

to the

great Trejudice of nz^ell-planted Gardens.

^y Twickenham, in the County
Kind, where
County, nay,
it

c/MiddJefex >

is

an hijlance

this

mihappily falls out, thai the very
jujlly

hejl

Garden of that
for fuch another
WT

I may
is

fay the only One
is

in

England

5

curious Colk6iion of
this

valmhle Fruits

not
:

found
j4nd

in one

a rdien

m
d
it^

Kingdom 5
Labourer

made a

Sacrifice therehy

I am
to

credibly inform

vy

a.

thereof,

that the Gardener
lafl
- h

who now
Wmter,
to

has the Care of
lett

midef the Undertaker, attempted, the
ffnd

the

Vruning
at
r
fc

Nailing of thofe mofi valuable Wall-Fruits

the

al'ourerSy

S^hree-pefice per

Rod,

I

MUST
4-

confefs
5

that

I was

grieved

tb

hear

it,

for finer Trees ife

not in England

ajid the Trice leing fo very fmall, the Labourers could

not undertalze the Work,

and

thereby they efcaped, in Tart, the Fury of
to

th& unshlfu

However^
e

difpaich them in as expeditious a

Man ner

as

abourers were fet to Work hy the 2) ay )
,

and

left to their

own Ti ifcretron ahho'

tj jey

knew

mfloing of the Matter^ any

more than making fmooth Walls, which they fucceeded in^ fir not knowing the Eloffom- Buds from the Leaf- Buds, they cut away the greatefi Tart
Fruits the of
:

I

So that during this

Manner of

Keeping, there has been

very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithfianding
that
it confifis
i

Twenty Acres, and did feldom

or

never

fail of being very fruitful before.

LF I may

may

be permitted to
»

give my Opinion, with Relation

to

the

Truning of Fruit'Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their Truning is the direct Bufinefs of the Head Gardener himfelf, an no
other Terfon whatfo
y

pting that any of his Underlings have h

well infirufied
thereof

therein,

who may

then

un

his Eye, perform a

Tart
one

one experienced

T
r

will perform more

Wor
:

tn

Seajbn, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can reqmre
fore

and

there

when

unskilful Teople (as aforefaid) are employ

d in fuch Worksj either

c

t

,

^

ill

The

G
h

E.

ly the IndifcreUon of the Gardener under 'whom they Work, or thro* his
Idlenefs,

the Gentleman
often his

mohom they
Trees are

fer'^je^

certain of leing greatly in*

jtr/dy

and very

totally

ruind

thereby

WHEN Gentlemen are determind
dens ly the Tear^
'tis

to

Lett the Keeping of their Garto

much

to their

Advantage,
on the Spot,

Lett them
not to

to the

Gar^

deners themfehes, twho are employ

d

^nd

Undertahrsy
:

fwho muji have a Fleece out of the Tearly Jllowance for doing nothing
therefore

my Advice

is.

That fome

reputahle

Gardener

hofen^

the annual

Sum

in Grofs allow
it,

d him 5

for then ^whatever happens amifs
*

he

is ^wholly

anfweralle for

ft

B T this
Room

\

Way of proceedings

the Gentleman 'will le fure of having no

for Excufes for want

Help

3

he will he fure of keeping his
"Plants, in his

f
n
m
w

mofi valuable Fruits^ ^Flowers^ Roots,

and

own Garden,
in a
hefi

which many Undertakers are very apt
if Bujinefs
is to

to take

a Liking

to.

And,

Word,

le

well done

in this

Manner, it muft certainly le
is

when
I

4he Gardener reaps the whole Gain that
Expences therein.
.'.

allow

d for

his Labour, an

m

THUS

much

Way of

Caution, with Refpe£i

to

the Bujinefs of
to T^raffice,

Pruning and Keeping of Gardens 5 / now recommend you which is fully declared in the following Chapters
-i-rrftrti,'»-:1*^

41

>'

ftwickenham^ July 25, 1728.

Batty Langley.
'I

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I.

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f*

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I

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XIU

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»

TH
\

/

Principal
A
BELE
Jdmirabk ^each
^each
\
r

Matters
J' :»

B
Folio

Folia

47
Early-

Bakim

^ears

103

Late 106 JiKy a Principle of Vegetables 5
^Iberge

4/ Ba make about new planted Trees 40 Black Damojine Plumb 5>4
Black 9ear ffumh Black Jweet Grap Black currant Grap Black Front inac Grape Black Muskadine Grape Bloody Peach Blue Fig Blue 'Terdrigon Plumb BhJJbm Buds, injurious to prune Bkedhig-Heart Cherry
VI

Barren Lands

how

^3i
help'd

104
ibid.

jilhemark 'Teach jinne feach
Afplesy

4
ibid*

100
33?

propagated Table of the beft Kinds Proper Soils Maiculine

how

34 134
2

"5
114 107 118

jipricots

8S

Roman
Kinds \ Orange

Turky

%9

Blights

Bruxel Proper Soils h^9 How propagated 33y 54 Beft againft North-weft ^ 45 and South-weft Walls 88 On what Wood produced 60 Pittance to be planted at When, and how to be thin'd 77
Diftance to ripen at When to be gathered

Boggy Lands, how drained

66 %6 74
32

Bonum Magnum Plumb
Bordine Peach

95
102

Branches next the Roots of Trees, perilh
;

when
of a

too

many

in

Number, by want

free Perfpiration

^5
0.0

Branches y their Growth

79
82
8i
ibid.

Their Diftance, that they fhould be kept from each other, fb as to have
•f.

free Perfp

<^4,

66 66

How
JfpeBsy

eaten

To. be frefh nailed every Year, and

why
North-eaft Eaft South-caft

Thofe Thofe

I-

South South-weft

Weft
North-weft

43>44 44 46 45 44
ibid.

healthy and fruitful Statey are preferved by early pruning
in a

that are

weak

are ftrengthned

by
by

early pruni

ibib

Thofe

that are luxurious are checked
ibid,

pruning Their Ends, why
late

fome

muft

be
ibid.

North

Autumn
4

Fruits,

When

to gather

pruned Why fome are not to be pruned

6%
Brick

4
*.

^L

-"n— -"-r

XlV
• 'ij:^t-st

D
.!*
l»ALn_

X.
Folio

Folio

Brick Grape Brookes Peach Briixel Apricot Brtinian Neclorinc
jB//^/i

114 104
103

Earth the Kinds

I

A
130

of Vegetables The Quantity of Moillure con
Principle

S 7 44

their

Nature

tained therein

Their Number in a Stock 4J Which are to be difplacedj and when Burdock Peach 106

C
'-. "i

Carjiation

Cherry

Catherine

Pkimb
107
-JII4
ibid.

Catherim Peach Canadd Grape Cermy Perdrigon Cheft on Plumb
CherrieSy

Bloffom EdVly Jdmirable Peach 03 Efpaliers how planted 59 Exhalation 74 Experiments , To prove the Quantity of Moifture in different Depths of Soils 9 To prove the Quantity of Moifture
,

M

Eafi

mU
Winds
nuriou§
to Fruits in

.porated

in

a

Surface of

from the fuperiicial Foot of
falls

Day

Their Soils How propagated
Stones
at

1

Land, more than Night

in

Dew

at

II

33

how

ordered before and
.

fbwing PijJance to be planted

at
ri

prove the Quantity evaporated in a Day from an Acre IJ To prove the Reafon of ]?runing the Heads af Trees it the Time of
planting

To

F

H

When ripe When to be gathered When to be eaten

ibid.
ri

iMd.
38, 3p
'

Cionsy

How to
To
how

cut

Clay^

place on the Stock generated
plant therein

2

Second Experiment 5B To prove the great Fdrce with which the Leaves of Fruit Trees attract Nourilhment, and pexfpire it away 70 A. Second Experiment

A

t

To
Ckiffer

31

Grape Claret Grape Cockagee, an Irijh Cyder Apple
Cattims,

114

116
49 33 34 36
Figs, their Soil

F
^^^^ow propagated
Their Cuttings and Lay be topp'd Their Fruits how produced'^ 72 Kinds that ripen in' England Manner of pruning

J

^

How
When

order to plant
to

2

S3

For grafting, how chofen For Inoculation how chofen 40, 1 When to be taken from the ^ Mother Trees S6 Currants J 24
Forefl

34
18 18

When
.and

ripe

^9 82

ees their

Growth pyramldical
'
*

i)

why

A'^,

Dew

the Quantity that falls in a Night and Raip^ that fall in a \

12

20
31
;'4

l5ow planted Manner of prunirig Pother ingham Plumb
Frofis

47 49

Digging Diapre Plumb Yellow Double Troy Peach D/'^?^ (/V/- Pllimb

Fruit 7i

lesj

when

03

When

to be grafted to be inoculated
at

74 37
41
the
jt
'y

Dutch Elm
Dtyj//" T'r^es

how

^4 47
59
ibid

Manner of pruningTime of planting

ordered at planting

How
Duke Cherry

pruned

Remarks on the Produdion of Leaves
Dutch Currant
^

7
ibid.

head Diftances to be planted at 60 FruitSy How preferved from Frofts when in Bloflbm Stt and >

When to

58

125
4

Half grown 75, 77, 78 Manner and Seafon of thinning 77 Manner

J"

'

.

»

i

N
Fol

X.

XV
Fol

i

r

1

i

Manner and' Seafon of expofing them tb the Sun %Yhen fully grown 8
f

Horfi-chejiiat

47
Cherry
i

Ho Imam Duke

f

i

and why Time and Manner of gathering
Infipid
T

\

S
"Jean-hattve

preferved in the Con fervatory 84 Fruits ripen fboner or later, according t the different Nature of the Soil ibid
I
'
.
. 1.

How

Plumb Imterial PlumB Imperatrke Plumb
f:

Imrchui^
Tmculation
(
»

40
ibid*
\

White
Black
Grizel
^•i

Frontijiac
> «

Grap

i\j

5

InfeBs
'Italian

how

deftroyed
f

i-

^each
NeBarinS
d. iH
<^

-

J

*f

Italian

toy 103
113

'4lK

Yr/A^ (i/v//e

1^
I

I

t
If
1

Gardeners

•tt

K
i

Their common Method of ordering 00
c

r

1

•

Fruit Trees
2-

62
r'i

jKernels

Their feveral Methods of pruning 65 K f Their errone< Methods of nailing the Branches of Fruit Trees ibid Their Error in pruning the Fig Tree 7 Their Error in dif-leaving Fruit Trees 7 Gafcoigm Cherry 85 f\ Qolden NeBariiie 103 H
i

*

of Fruits, how ordered before and at the Time of fowing 35 Their Sealbn of pcrfeding
,

I \

t

t

f

L
•.J

V j

t

MV

Land to prepare
.

for planting

i

V-

Leaves of Fruit Trees Their Ufes
Attracting NoUrifhment
i
1

J
,.

1

1

Goojeberries
I

Kinds
Ordering

A

f'-

i4

r^

•

*

J

ibid*

01

ibid.

Graftings the Seafc

ibid main excretory Duds Increafe in Magnitude proportio r ably to the Growth of their

Are

the

Manner
(?f^/i

to loam

i

37 37, S^ S7
t\

Fruits
r

<*i

7^,73

Preferve the Sap VelTels. from the

To
Grapes
\

unti(
r

Grizel Frontinac Grap^

7

y

110
III

The

Soils

of Heat and Gold 80 When produced, and why 7 Placed againft Buds, and why ibid To be watered in the Spring, when
Inj

\

How
\.

raifed

the Seafon

is

dry

Where produced

33 110

2

^

f
r^

r^

III Seaibn for pruning rllO. 112 Manner of pruning ibid. Diftance of their Branches Manner of ordering in May [2,113 Bleeding Seafon III
p
..

Leaf-buds to be chofen for to prune at Lime-Tree Loam J how generated

68

47
i

London ^lumh Lukeward Cherry
/

86
3

\

When

ripe

81

Lightning Luxuriancy Stopt

1

S7 )

>

74 30

How

Gravel how Green gage Plumb Strawberry

preferved to plant therein

82,83
31
1
1^

M
Magdalene Peach
MafcuTine Apricot

5)4

120

Red
White

100
88
ibid.

H
i

Maitre Claude Plumb
1
/
.

Hautboy Strawberry Hermitage Grape Heat at two Feet depth Hemskirk Peach Houghing
n

20

116 16 loj
31

Mat chief s Y\\^vi^y White Maiaco tune May Cherry
\

107

8i,86

Meadiate Apple
jW/fe Injurious
V

Hi
^

3i
Minion

Mirabk Plumb, White

;

»

.

/

XVI

N
Folio
L

«

Folid

Mimon

Peach

How

propagated

33,
,

34

Moifiwe necelTary for Plants 9 Railed by the attractive Power of the SunII And by the attradive Force of
Vegetables
i

i

14

ibid

Imbibed by Plants af theii; Roots Imbibed by Plants at their Lq^yea

2
2^3
I

Their Diflance of Planting 6o Their Courfons 3 Leaves, Bloflbms, and Fruits ? when and where produced y^' 9 Table of the beft Mipds 3 Kinds that produce th^Ir Fruits
'-

'.

tn CLuii^ES at the

End^ ^t
y
1
»

their

How
i^orifco

raifed

Shoots

6^, 79

Morello Cherry

Blue
rs-tV^
i

Cherry

?1

&5 ^ixdrigon Plumbi
^

^

> White
Musk
Cerney

^rocco Plumb
Magtile

:0

1

2

511

Plumb
A>

9S
^t?;7^

i>3

^"^ntabon Peach

of Plants
for

How accounted
.

23

Kinds
L

How
f^ujcat Grape

33

When

performed

propagated

Mu^dine Grape

W
fc."

hite
•

Manner Thmh.
i

27
fioinfii
«

4

^

-

Black
j-^

4
i
^
t.

^8,
('^

;>o
2,

Their

Soils
V* n

^

N
{.
p^^

propagated Diftance of Planting Manner of pruning

Mow

H
f

1

I

-

-

>-f

'

^

Nailifigy
(

when and how
perfornied

When

rip
-»?
• '

u-i
r
!

to

be
\

60 I 90 S2
\

uly
-^4

^rimof'dm Plumb
Planting ih Pap In Wetlands The Sealbn
^/^;?fJ

'{*
'

%
4
i.

l^eBarims

Kinds
N

I
V

48 hid
^7

^ewington Peach

Smith

102, 103 101
'^
1

Old
N
-p

how

nourifli'd

by

Rain,,

pew
?r>
li

iVo^^ PeachNoruh Afjaed

04

^c, at th eir Roots, Barks, ^ucjs, and

lOI

^^rt^wej Afyed:
Nutmeg
1

W/i
V^SLcih

4^ 4J
1

Leaves %'uning
Knife to

V

Leaf-bud be very keen-edged
-

/

^4
<J8
%\\
I

V---^

Red

00

The

bell Seafon
t t

\

^6

'

1

V
H
<-,. <!

o
Qr.chardi 'S

^orpree Peach
Purple. Jlberge

47
04
23

Peach

the South-fides of Rivers
as

^urpk
77

Rasberry

imbibe the- humid Steams >
I

they

aded by the Sun
Orange
Orleans

Ap
\

Q.
g^wr^i 'their
in

I

Plumb

91

^oil
.

a.

Bloflbms an(} J^ea ves

when and
73

p
'Pnvies^
^y^rz^
•9

what manner

prodi^cec}

§l^eef2

Mother Plumb
c

1
^
y

R oyal Peach
Grape

05)
t

94

^ajs'viokt
^arjley

103

Reaches their Soil

How
s

114 2
33, 34

Rains

propagated,

Where produced

R and R aclicks
Rajb

their Penetration into the

Earth

II

Dezythat

fall

Year

pnined Their Goodnefs Biftance of their Branches Tables of Kinds Time and manner of gatljenQg

Ho

99 99
loo 108 82 82

Raijin Grap e

20 28 11^
•122
*

Kinds

How

ibid,
ifeid.

When
St. Jeter's

propagated Manner of pruning

ibid.

ripe

Grap

Reine Claude Plumb Red Magdalene Peach

^ears their Soil

93 *oo

Red
4

/

N D
If

X-

xvu
Jolio

'

Fdl

Red Currant
^-

Kind Graftifjg
Rickets ^each

^.o
\o6
'9

R^ts
i
I

to bg. pj^dSrved

To be foiled ^o be pr^rved

f
Winds
V

54
60
ibid

Tahk of Peaches T'abk of Grapes T'ahkof Plumbs 7abU of PcarsTable of Apples"

icS

froiji

Frofts,

Traps Ti'enchim
Turkey^

%

¥

k

35
36 95

To

time of pruning Their manner of pruning Their outward Coat or Rind
at the
V

hold

I.

lumb f
Peach
V.

9 69
35

te/Ap ricot
Tiiteon de Venice

Roman Apr ipot
Royal WVding ^ Royal <^mmb Rozamia ^eacb RMt^llion ^each
10
u
•
*.

rI

C

ICI

\

k

I

101
'I

Vegetables their Principles

Imbibe Rain and
Vinds their Soil

DeW
t

44
104

S
\

Of

Viokte

PJumb
I

H
I

^

T
H..

Vioku
2»1^

hative Peach

"h,

.

m^^ u
i^^z^fi^

uiij

Volatile Salt a^Ptinciple
f*-*

of Yegetable^

45
to,

5
iJ

cpvex

""

tJie

W^ujids of Tiecs

58
120
ibiti:

-o

,ib

SfjMwherries

W
» «
IT-

^fe/
ftr

ibid

Its
Its

Manner of Planting
Scc^rkt

ibid
3-

a Principle of" Vegeral)/e5 Evaporation in a Winter's I5ay Evaporation in a Year

Rasher ry

17

IVaterings necelTary in hot

S^^ds

Germinate

18
a8
to trani^l

and dry Seafbns 23

When
PVall-tre'es

neceffary
pi anted

Dilate

how

^^dh
Service

when and how

Manner of pruning

S^ajbns for planting

how railed
weak how
to

57 33
be
.

Wallnuts

how

lailed

S^QOts of Trees that are

ftrengthned

pith's Newington Peach Soils the Kinds Their different Natures
k.

63 loi
I

m'p^wall fVhitJour A^^Xe White '^erdrigon .P/unxb White HoUand Piymb

36 5ry5^ 57> 53 35 _44
141

'1

i

%

43
)

White ^ear Plumb White Nutmeg Peach
Whit-e Magdalene Peach White Sweet-water Graper White Mujcadipe Grape

South-Eaft:

Wall
Cold

1

00

Smh'fM Afpea:
^g
n

44>4i 45
.

lot

Dry

Sflice graft

29 29 38

113 ri4

Stocks

How

headed

Stock grafting

34 3& 38,39
40
6^0
.

White Frontinac Grape White FifoWhite Rasberry Wentworth Plumb filnter Fruits when to be
White
^
"J

118 123

P5
gathered

Seaion of graftmg iS'/i?(:ib large to be Rind-grafted

Mirabik
Afatchiefs
'

Plumb

9^

Standard Fruits their diftance of planting or at Trees t^n Straining the Roots of
prejudicial very ? Sterility the Caufe How prevented a Principle of Veget^bl in Rain and Dew ,
Supcr-coeleftial

Wood

Strawberry

12a
121

up

How propagated
61

Y
ibid.

V

5
9
J

ToU??g

nes require the

leaft

pruning,

Apple
3

47

and why Telhw Diapree Plumb

6%

9S

Swalze Peach Sweetwater Grape

114
Zantoyne Grape
"1
:>

%
113

T
Taf-roots

/

**<-

xvfii

(T

I
\

t
w

1^
<"

*

k
__

1^

N
•>%!
4t
1

/

^
'

1

1

NH
b

,1

<^

^

•

^

*

T
'A
t V

t.

il

I

\
I*

Chap.
.

^1

5
1

yx

''

3dH
!:

Folio.

Chap
^

FoIidJ

\

I

F

Earths / j II. Of the Principles of Ycgetables
j^

Planting, their Seafbn and

5
Pro

Pruning, Naihng, &c. Xn. Of the great ufe of the
4

Manner of 6% Leaves of

r

HI.
in
dii£li^n

Of the

Moifture contained
for the

the Earth,

and Support of Plants 7 JV. Of the Manner that Nature fupports Plants with Moifture, and its EfFeds^ on €1 the Growth of Trees ^4 Of the Growth and Maturity of Plants XIV. Of the Manner of Gathering Fruits 1% and Preferving them after gathering 81 Vl. .Of the Manner of preparing Lands XV. Of Cherries for Plantations of Fruit Trees 30 XVI. Of Apricots 88 VlL The Manner of raifing Fruit-Trees in XVII. Of Plumbs 5)o
,
• X-v.
r

Frmt-Trees, and their Force of imbibing Moifture for the Support of their c BloIToms, Fruits, &c. XIII. Of Blights, and the Manner of . dering Fruit-Trees, when in, and going of Bloflbm, half Grown, and Rip 74

^^

Of Peaches and Neaorines p8 and Manner of Tranfplanting, agalnft XIX. Of Grapes, and their Ordering no WaJls, Efpaliers, &c. XX. Of Fig-Trees 118 VIII. Of Afpe^ts and thdx Accidents 43 XXI. Of Strawberries IX. Of the Manner of Planting Foreft- XXII. Of Rasberries 122 Trees, to defend Plantations of Fruits XXIII. Of Goofeberries and Currants 124 from the Injuries of North, Eaft, and XXIV. Of the Black Mulberry Weft Winds 47 XXV. Of Philberts, Wallnuk and Be^rX, Of the Velocity wherewith Nourifti berries 27 pent enters the Roots of Fruit-Trees ; XXVI. Of Pears and Qij I and the Reafons, and Manner of Pruning XXVII. Of Apples
Inoculating,
'X

a Nurfery, their Grafting,

XVIII.

f

I

1

^ *

their

Roots and Heads

at

the

Tranfplanting

XL Of the Management
\

Time of JO

S3

A

of Fruit-Trees af

Curious Account of the moft valuable Cyder Fruits in Devonfh

SS

i
i

T
To the

M
and I

T

W

Nobility ^w^Gentry o/"Great-Br
th

and Succefs of Plantations wholly depend ff^^rjL^^'^T\ the Manner of Laying and Judg Kinds of Trees, 'that are moft Natural to thefr Soil This is to give Notice, That the Auth Advice may be readily commanded to any Part of

HEREAS

By
Ikiildlngs in
«V»«^

Wh n Whom
7^

Great Britain or Ireland,

*

Gen

y

Surveyed, Meafur'd and Valued

As
Grotto's, Bath's, Fountains, Caicad

alfo

Timber Growing or
Height required ..a M,.,

Fell'd

..aSlSfe-Si^; ^^^^^^^^^^

&c. made, and Engines for raifing Water

/

I

:*^

fi

«%

i
\

t

;^-'

i

i

t

*:.

*w

•

-r-

o
f-

?

T H

"f

R
^

R
ST
.*
.PL.

N
D.
j^
t

;

•*

»

;

H
V *

P.
TT'

lA

-aF

f-.

Of
I-

H
and moft
neceflfary

t

1»

*

T'

*^

^

J

*

E

firft

Work
is,

to be done, before

we

begin our Plantations,

Either to

make Choice
have,
fit

as fuch prepare or Soil, of a proper

we

for

which Fruits thofe of the Reception
propag:
^ IT

we

defi
\

ALL
Sand y
the

the
^

feveral Kinds o
»

Soil
tis

may

be reduced to Three,
Belief,

^u/^^
is

Loam

and Clay

3

my

that

Sand (only)
:

Earthy primitive ure

and

all

others

but Compounds
.

For, as

juftly £r^% Mr.

Water, with d moiften
•*

being Sand That Nature, Works in his of obferves , r aherwards and Lump, a to Hand the in worked and
\vill >

^

dried

in

the Sun 7

when thoroughly

dried J

fall

down

into a

Heap

y

/
/
^

r

s

2
".

M
Heap of Sand as before
with Oil ) an
laid
ar
5

N
if
'tis

A: Or
moiiften'd
dry,
it

7

but

in

the

fame Manner

in

the

Sun

to
So,

M^ill

incorporate y

and

become a very

Subflance.

om

hence

'tis

very

probable,

that different Natures, Colours,

and Textures of Earths,

are alter'd, ac*

cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they
are mix'd.
m

NOW

fteing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand,
lefs
5

and become
to

a hard rough Subftance, and that more or

m
'tis

Prop

Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein

very probable that

from thence

it is^

that the feveral Sorts of Clays are generated.

THE

feveral

Colours of both Sand and Clay,
3

may
for

very probably

proceed from the different Colours of their Juices

Sand moiften'd

with Water has a different Colour from that mix'd with Milk, Oil, (^c.
Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix'd with Clay^ makes a

compound

c

Earth called

Loam 5

which

differs in its

Nature, according to the Pro^

portion contained between each other.

EQUAL
makes

Quantities of Sand and Clay, perfedly mix'd together
is

the beft (and

called a Middling)

Loam.

TWO Thirds Oay,
^e

and one Third Sand, makes a very ftrong
Thefe two Kinds of Loams

Loam
very
firfl

ufually called Brick-Earth.
beft Soils for Apples, Pears,
r

are th
:

Plumbs, Apticots, and Quinces
5

The

Surface, or
I-

firfl:

Strata

and
*i

the

lafl:

for the

Bottom, or lowefl

Strata

L

-kF

vTWCi

Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light

Loam
Strata

>

ufually called Light-Land.

Thefe two
this lafl

lafl are

the befl Soils for Cherries

Peaches, Figs,

V

&c.

Compofit

the

firfl

or Surfac
f
i*f

y

and

the preceding the

Bottom or next lower Strata
and

VINES

delight in rich

warm

Soils,

therefore the

Sand ought to

be in greater Proportion then the preceding.

THE

.

'

w^f^

.4

I'he
.4

Fru I
thefe

GA
iSV rat as

R »

EN

Illufirated.

^rj>

THE
mcnt
or

Depth of

tw

ke n
I,

ne eds never
or Surface, i6 Inches,
:

e
^

moie than two
im bib e

Feet, {viz.)

The
L

fiift iS^r^?

and

Bottom, or next
IS

lowefl: Stratay

8 Inches

For whatever Nourifliis

bcl ow this Depth,
t

crude and undigelled

wane of Heat
— n

therefore

whenever

Fruit

Trees are

fuffer'd

to

ftrike their

Tap-Roots

fo very deep, they

immediately become luxurious

and

their Fruits
frornt

infipid,

by

the

over and above Crudity of the Sap im-

bibed

bclow.

IT

has been

(:he

Pradice of
full

many

eminent Gardeners, to make
3

theit

Borders for Fruit Trees

three Feet deep
alfo,

and Mr. Wife and Mr.
the

London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter
Earth
full

recommends

making o

three

Feet deep, in

their

Frmich Tranflation of the Retired of

Gardiener }

w ithout
i

con fideri nn

the different Degrees

Heat in the

Earth, from

to

3

^ Inches deep.

THE
on
cold er an

Reverend and Learned Mr. HaleSy

in his FegetgNe Statlch,
.*

p. 64. has proved.
the Surface,

That

at

two

Feet Depth,

'tis

27 Degrees

colder than
the

and confeqiiently the deeper we go afterwards,
is

more

crude

the Nourifliment.

I

F

we

are fo

happy
for

as

to

have the Liberty o
)

making our
it

own

Choice of a Soil
has

Pi
the

I

advife

that

be Land whicl
-

not or

difturbed

Spade or Plough within
with Cattle

of

60

Years, and

continually fed

Th
i*

it

be a
incli

kind, moderate, fandy

Loam, of two

Spits in

Depth,

its

Bottom

able to a Brick -Earth, with a moderate Reel

towards the SouthJ
7

South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees
twelve,
\

5

and the Spring

about ten i

&c,

Feec

below

the Surfi

TO make Choice
agrees
to J
in

of

Soils,

by

their Smells, Taftes,
is

^c*
>

as

Mr. Wife
notwith

Treatife aforefaid y

difficult

andin
J

that their Steams, or Tafles,
'tis

yet

v cry probable that they
fit

may be difagreeable to may be agreeable to Pla
NouriHim
Soils

our Pa
I

when
'tis
1

Nature has prepared them

for their

Befid es

not

Powers to determine the Nature of
fe

by Smell or Tafte
>

be

that all Soils contain a great Variety

of J

fome

neceffary for

the
I
/

i,':-

.

t

O
the Support
ture can

M

N

A: Or

7

of one Kind of

Plants,' others for other

Kinds, wliich

Na-

diftinguifli

and make proper Choice of 5 but

we

cannot 5 for
J

when we

fmell or tafte/tis all the Juices mixt together.
in all

Extream Droughty
Sand.

extream Wet, caufes Barrennefs
moderately moiftened^
Fruit-Trees:
moifl: Sand,

Kinds of Soils
r

and Clay,

w

prod

divers V^getabl

well
will
m

Timber

The
the

Englifh Elm, Cherry, Peach,

&c.

grow

and

Oak

Pear,

Appl

&.

in a ftrong
*.

Clay

BUT
Gi-owth

when
are

thefe

Trees are planted in a moderate moift
in the fame
the Garden.

Loam,

th

m uch

g
Soil,

Time
of

:

and the

like

of almoft

ery other Pi

Therefore

when

N

ha s not

well prepared our

as the Natures

Trees require,

we

mu
t

end

to

make good
th
->

fuch Defeds

by Art

LANDS
Mud
of

very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay

R

Ponds,

&c, and

thofe that are clayey,

ftifF

wet, c^,

with Sand, Sea-coal-aflies, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together. Pigeon*s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands^ being ufed with
Difcretion.

ALL
but

Kinds of Loams, require
therefore drive

lefs

Help than

either

Sands or Clays

5

we muft

Nature beyond

its

Strength.

The

beft

i^ompoit Compoft ror for ivianuring Manuring a good gooa moaerate moderate

Loam,

is

Horfe-dun Horie-dung,

Cow
before

dung, and a fmall Qtiantity of Sea- coal -afhes, well mixt with the up of a frefli Meadow, in a Left a for Six. permoft Month
J

Rotten Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are m
for
ft

alfo

good Manures

Loams

Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light and fandy Lands are made tf^ereby capable of receiving the whole Bene fits of Rains, Snow, : that fall in the Winter, and

ALL

&

clayey ftrong Lands

are

made

melloiv,

and

fit

for the
y

Spring

And Loams in

g

Reception of Seed and Plant s in the are not only meliorated and fweetned
the Sun,

by having

their Crudities exhaled

away by

Wind

&^
t

but
T.,

enabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throuahout the whol wiiuic yvmer, Winter, as well as the genial Heat of the e Sun, Sun
in

Spring

which

;

are the very Life

and Support of

thofe Vegetables that

we

defire
t

to propag

CHAP.

.

y

I
1

•

'4

The Fr u
f

I

T-G A

R D

EN

lUufirated.

^

*

I

\

H
r

the

Principles
is

VEGETABLES.
Salt,
is

well

known

to

Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of
Water, Air, and

Five Principles, ^iz. Sulphur, Volatile
».

Earth, and fince that their Nourifliment

in greateft Part

com-

municated to them

at

their

Roots,

"'tis

very reafonable to believe, that

when

the Earth
is

is

capable of nourifliing and fupporting the

Growth of

Plants, ilie
Principles,

then furniflhed with fufficient Quantities of the
Salt >

firft Fouc
r

/

namely, Sulphur, Volatile
1

Water, and Air.
«

^

W

BY

the preceding Chapter

it

appears, that the
fo are th^y

more or

lefs

Quantity
capable
1

of oily Juices Earths are mixed with,
of receiving Water, Air,
Water, with
For the
Firft

more

or

lefs

&c.
or

For Sand and
than-

Loams, wi

mbibe

muck
having
little
3

Clay and very ftrong Loam5.
Juices, a

no

oily Partic

mit o

a free Entrance
refill

but the Clay and (Irong Loams, having great
,1

"I

Quantities thereof,

the Water's

free

Paffage therein.

j^

(

n

NOW,
they

as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,^.To are

more

or

lefs farniflied

with each of the aforefaid Principles

:

Which

feems to be a wife Order of Nature.

For as Vegetables are differently

compofed of
therewith,

their Principles, fo are the feveral

Kinds of Earths

furnifiied
Soil,

whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to Its proper
rive beft.

wherein 'twill

SUPPOSE
Fifth
Fifth

an

Oak

to

be compofed of equal
Fifth

Principles, viz.

one one

o

Volatile

Salt )

of Sulphur, one
3

Fifth

of Water,

of Air, and

Fifth

of Earth

C

THEN

J

M
THEN
I

N

A:

Or,

the

NourifTiment truly natural to the Oak,

is

of each an
it

equal Quantity : But
lels,

when

thefe Principles are unequally mixt,
is ti

be

more

or

in

any other

Soil,

and the Oak

fplanced

erein

e

Growth

will be retarded proportionabl 5 becaufi y
feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe

qual Mixture of the

of which the

Oak

is

com-

pofed.

HENCE
And
contrarily,

it

is

that Alders,
in

Willow

;

Popl

&
&^

which hav
}

great Quantities

of Water
the

them 9

thrive in hot

and dry Land
cannot thrive
great a

Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach

very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water
ty for their Support,

Qi

which

rather difunites their Principles,

thanVupports
its

them
Soil,

Therefore to be certain

f adapting every Plant to
exacfl Quantities

proper
that's

we muft
'd in

firil

examine the

of each Principle

every Plant
:.

we would
then, if

propagate, as alfo in the Soils

we

in-

tend to cultivat
getables

And
may

we

plant our feveral Soils with fuch

Ve-

whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly
affure our felves

eqiial to thofe

of the
tainty
•

Soils

of Succefs. and work with Cer

whereas what has been hitherto well done

by every one

in Plant

ing and Gardening, has been
I

by mere Chance only
S T

TIS
ment,
therein
3

true,

that thefe Inquiries into Vegetable

ReacK of otdinary Cap
and Time
which

Nature are beyond the nd require abundance of Accuracy, JudgRefearches

but were fuch a

may hinder many from making Work judicioufly compleated, ^twould
and
fuccefsfi

render the

Practice of Gardening certain

IT

I

with no fmall Concer

y

that the great

Hurry of

Bufinefs

Want of Time, have Exp which I
But
if Life permits,

and

prevented the compleating of thefe fo-much wanted lliould gladly have obliged the World with
at th

Inftant, fince they are the very Bafis
I fliall

and LifeVplanting'and

Gardening

very fpeedily accomplifli them
will

which with

e greatefl:

Accuracy and Jufinefs

Lover of Planting and Gardening, may
feveral different

Natures

dQi lahues,

be communicated, that every have a true Underftanding of the and thereby be always certain of

defired Succefs

CHAP,

«r

The

Fru I T-G AR

1

D EN

lUufirated.
-'

w

I «

H
Of the
Moifture contained
in the

III.

Earth, for the ProduHion

and Support of Plants.
-I

Light
ral

imperfed when deprived of any one of the feve Colours, of which 'tis compofed^ which the Prifm exhibits
Vegetables imperfed,

7

fo like wife

wh
when

any
that

o

their

Principles
Principle;

is

wanting.

And

'tis

very probabl

WATER
j

y

moft neceffary

.vantmg, that th the Principles of Volatile Salt,

and

Sulphur, are

Ifo

wanting

For

more
in

reafonable to believe that they

d

in

Water, rather than

Earth

THIS
Vegetables
leaft Afliftance

great meafure

proved by Nature,

who

produces feveral

Spear-mint, and

many
ere

other aquatick Plants, without the
are

of Earth

nay

many

Vegetables that live and
the

thrive

wi
?

GarJenei

Humidity of Air onlyT^BuTmrTntdTurs of Mr. London, Mr, Wife^ and Mr. Carpenter do
the the contrary

Retk'd
•

in general

feem to

a(I(
it,

where the Frenchman fay

they

agree to

" Ton mil allow,
the

with

all the World,
to

that

Heat
3

u Moijiure are a the

Reafon of

u which animates and "
(C

two Principles that give Life Is is, That there is a Kind of
fets it

Vegetables

an

Salt in the

Earth >

upon A6t>

NOW

this

Salt can

have no Influence

unlefs

it

he

diffohed, for
to compofe

whilfi

it is,

as it were^ fetter
it,

d

to the

Earthy and

fer'ves

((

the fame

Mafs with
;

it's

uncapahle of
the

neceffary

to

a a new Production
cc

lut

when

Water has

Salty

and

mingled
feparate

it

with

the

Parts of the Earth, the Parts thus anmated^
to the

Qi

and communicate themfehes
their Nourifhment

U

Root of the Plants that

from them

»

/

CAN'T

I

t

O
•^m^

M

N

A: Or

.>

?
S
••

.^

CAN'T
the Sale
therefore has

lee

wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen
is

confifts.

of Vegetables

volatile,

'

and not a
its

rofs

Body,

and

no

occafion of a DiflTolution to prepare
^

Parts

for th e

Nouridiment of Plants.
t

\

AND again,
then in very hot
fix or feven

if this

vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth,
Seafons,

why
ace of

and dry

when no Rains

tall in

Weeks^ and the Earth becomes
thereof

fo dry as to

be unfit for Veg

tation,

e

mu

periflh

Becaufe that the

Dews

(tho

perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth

deep enough to diflblve the be diffolved, before
it

Salt therein

contained

5

which they fay muft

can do any Thing neceflary to a
feen that Pi
in

new Produdion.
but oftent
is

But

e

contrary

do

perifhj

make new
Proof that
are

Produ(5l

o

very dry Seafons^ which

a convincing

nutritive Sa

m uft

e

tained

Dews which
is

then their chief Support, and not in the dry Earth, which rendered nearly incapable of Adion

then

I

F

thefe

Gentlemen had made Experiments of

their

owri,

and

ftrid

/"

Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have difcover'd many of her furprizing Ways of working.
r

THEY might have
perfpire
1

feen

what Prep

made

in

Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhment ^ when their Roots are pable of communicatin any,
it

the Leaves >
fi

as

om Dews w as to

away when

plentifully fupplied therewith
at

For

all

the Moifture

mbibed

Trees, <^c,
J

their

Roots ;

IS

not wholly im plov'd in

making of Sap
lieved

forming

new

Buds, Branches,

&

as

IS

generally

e

(But

this I fhall fully

handl

Place)— They would
hath

alfo ha\
y

known

the great

Power

th

Ai

Growth o
and
repels in

Vegetabfes

how
State

it

fl:rongly attracts iirongiy attrads

when

in a fix'd hx'd State State,

an

:

How
:

el a ftick

it

helps to diftend their tender dudile Parts, and invig
Its

Sap

And how ?
its

mixing with the other Principl

they

thereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the
getable,

Ve-

whereby

Growth

is

carried

on to the greateft Maturity
r»

;

the

Growth of Vegetables

How
>

is

performed
?

fi

ite

Combination;
volatile

Adion and Re-adion of

their Principl

and

that

the

Salt

and
\

1

I-

s

1

'--

The
\

Fruit-Garden

lUufirated.

and Sulphurous

Particles

of Vegetables, are contained
as they imagin*di

in

Rains and

Dews>

and not a Part of the Earth,

BUT pardon
Subje(5l in

me

for this

long Digreffion^ and

I will

proceed to the

Hand.
1

THE
fhould be
different

Quantity o
in

Moiftur e

effary

for

e
5

Supp
for

o f Pi ants >
I

Proportion to their feveral Natures
lefs,

fome del

in
at

'i.

much, and

others in

&.

therefore

Natu

ably

Depths,

furnifli'd

the Surface of th

Earth with fuch Quantities

^re neceffary to fupport their feveral Natures

AND
little

*tis

obfervable, that

thofe Plants
5

whole Nature

rec|uire

but
ex

Moifture, are fliallow jooted
their

but thofe that delight in much,

tend

Roots to

greater Depths.

HAVE
Support of Pla

made d

periments_, in great Variety df Soils, to

difcover the Quantity of Moiftu
in
Seafc

that

Nat

had

o vided

or the

an

find, that the greateft
3

Quantity

always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surf
tindeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils.

which

AND^the

Reverend Mr. Hales has
5'

alfo

proved the fame,
:

in his

Vegetable Statlch y

m

t

anncr following

ON

the laft

Day

of July,

in the

Ye

714 he dug up

a Cubicle

Garden and his putting in an Alley of Surface the from 5 poot of Earth weighed before he known, was Weight whofe it into a Cubical Veffel,
it

and found

its

Weight equal to

1

Averdupoh. Fourth, one Pounds 04

the from Earth of Cubical Foot a fecond up dug he done, THIS And Ounces fix Pounds 06 was I Weight whofe } firft, the of Bottom which fecond, the of Bottom the from Foot Cubical third a laftly.
:

weighed

1 1

Pounds

+

one Third.
but below

THESE
run

Brick-Earth good a were Depth in three Feet

3

then did Springs the which under depth, Feet two of them a Gravel
ighcd weig
^ *i

i

»'

;
A
4

/ I

•f-

^f^

^^m^

lO

O
I

M

N

Or

9

F

found and Water Rain of Foot Cubical a wejVlied 3
is

its

Weight to
half
^

which AiHerdupohy Pounds nearly be 50
the fpecifick
/

very

littl e

more

Gravity of Earth

:

But Spring-water
Nature o

is

oftentimes fomething

heavier, according to the different

the Earth or Mineral

from

which

it

fpring

AFTER
were
laid

thefe three feveral Cubicle Feet
in,

of Earth were weighed, they
5

that

their

Moifture might be the fooner exhaled
firft

and
and

twas found, that

when

Cubick Foot was become
>

fo dry

dufty as to be unfit for

Vcg
is

it

had

loft

fix

Pounds
Bulk

+

eleven

Ounces of Water, which
',

near one Eight Part of

its firft

*

L

r

THE
was
of
left
its

fecond Cubick Foot being not fo dry

when

the

firft

was weighed,
Pounds

fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had
,

loft ten

Weight.

THE third Cubick Foot being
Ounces,
121%^

very dry, had loft eight Pounds
its firft

+ eight

one Seventh Part of

Bulk.

FROM
decreafed in

thefe

Experiments

it

appears,

That

the fecond

Cubick Foot

Weight
firft

the moft, (but indeed 'twas

fome fmall Matter dryer

than either the

or third) and confequenrly contained as
J-

much

or

more

Moifture than that next below

it.

And

'tis

obferveable,

that the

Roots
that

of moft Plants that are of a large and quick Growth,

poffefs

Depth, probably, becaufc

in that

Depth the Juices are meliorated and
deeper>

made

fitter for

the Nourifliment of Plants, than thofe that are

which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un
prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables.

BUT
Strata
s is

notwithftanding

that

Moifture in the

next lower
yet
'tis

not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants
it

abfolutely neceffary that

fliould

be there in

Store, to fucceed that

which

is

imbibed and perfpired away by Plants^

as they

advance in Growth

:

For

if there

was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly afcending,
5

'twould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons
appear

which will

when

I

come

to demonftratc the (Quantities of Moifture

imbibed

and

perfpired

by

Plants.

^

AND

rf

\

The

R U

I

T

GA
_

R.

D EN

Illujirated.

II

AND
Lands

*

it

is

from

thefe Supplies

of Moifture, that deep

Soils fupport

their Plants in

very dry Seafons, when thofe on fliallow dry-bottom'd

perifh

:

For tho' the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas

is
r+

not

fit

for
f

the Nourifliment of Plants,

when
'tis

very

eep, yet as

it

alcends an

comes nearer to

the Surface,

better

prepared,

and

at length

made

fie

for their Reception.

THE

Moifture

d

in the

lower Strata

IS,

in

lome mea
th

>

d by the attradive
Force of Vegetables
e firft,
\

Pow
which

the Sun, as
laft
is

we

as

im bibing

5

undoubtedly much ftronger

i

have g Tree having a very

Woods with abound greatly which » becaufe thofe Countries o Roots the For planted are thofi Rai
:

imbibing Force

o

up

nd imbibe

away perfpiring continually are they which great Quantities of Moifture,
their
'^.

L

thereby furnifli the Atmofpl
>

with

Q
Two
Feet

tities

d cannot Lands unplanted which of Water,
Earth the ate penetr freely obfervable that Rains will
7

TIS

deep freely feldom but deep,

therefore at that
w

Depth
alfo,
:

there

is

contained

Water Rain the only not
as
'tis

at

the Spring Water

in fuch

Quantity

raifed

by

the

Two attractive
!i cnoien

Powers
not

aforefaid

Which Depth

Na
the
^'

to-h wifely feems

ly that the genial

Heat of

Nourifliment for the MoiftuTe fit rancid crude the prepare there can Sun drying Winds, and the Sun, of Rays fcorching the Vegetables, but

of

exhale prefently cannot

away

Plants deprive to fo as Moifture, neceflary the

of their Support.
\
r

% Hales Mr. read them let Moift of Afcenfion the doubt D IF any explained the Man thus Having and Pag. 55 Vegetable Statkhy 54

Moifture with Plants fupplying of Nature's

in hot
it

and dry Seafon

J

from the

loweft Strata
r—

s

of the Earth

5

perhaps

mayn't be amifs

if I

fliould fpeak a

Word

or tw

very arc which in relation to Dews,
.1^

re

freOiing to Plants in dry

and hot Seafo

BY

Pag. 5J.)

5. Jugujl made 1 an Experiment Earthe glazed two that ^^ appears,

by Mr. Hales {vide
Pans

his

Statlch

which were three
pretty

Diameter Inches twelve Inches deep, and

with fiU'd Surface, in

moift

1
4

.

i

.

f

-•

r

4

M

12
moin: Earth: increafcd in
the next

M
Day
to,

A: Or

?

and Grains, 180 Night's Dew. one Weight by J
Ounce
4-

decreafed

iSi

Grains.

And

that nothing

might add

or fubtrad from, the Accuracy of

this curious

and

ufeful

I

Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe

two

Pans, in

two
r

other broader Pans,

prevent any Moifture flicking to their
the Quantity of

Bottoms J which mi
it

make

Dew

fallen,

feem to be greater than

adually was

AND

'twas found that a greater Quantity of

Dew
drier,

fell

on

that Earth

which was

m oft moi

5

than on that which was

and more than a
For

double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth.
the Particles

of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do
greater Force, than

attract each other

with a

much

Earth and 2)e'W do,

that are Hetero-

geneous.

cc

THE
is

Evaporation of a Surface of Water in a Winter^s

Day of nine

<c

Hours,
time

an Inch, of

Ice fet in the

Shade for the fame Space of

iC

n

of an Inch.

NOW
You
The

if

from the above Quantity evaporated
I

y6i
180

Grains,

which
;

are equal to

Ounce
receiv'd

282 GrainsJ
in

fubtrad the
Difference

Dew

one Night

is

Jg2
is

This Difference of 5 8 1 Grains

the extraordinary

Quantity evaporated

from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 2 1 Days
is

near

i6 Ounces.
)

For
T*:,.

582

the Quantity daily evaporated y

Multiply'd
V

by

21

the

Number

of Days

1

582
11(^4

\

The

Produft

is

12 2 22

Grains.

And

f

:
•
t

K-

\

/
ir

t

!^^

T The Fr u I -G A R D E N

lUufirated.

13

Atid fince

480

Grains

is

equal to one
as follows.

Ounce,

therefore

divide

the

Produft 12222, by 480,

480)12222(25 Ounces*

960
2^22

2400
22 2
but 258
Grains, fliort

Grains remaining, which are
to

of an Ounce

complete,

make

the

whole

%6 Ounces.

/

NOW
But

to

find

e

Quantity of Moift

exhal c

rom 1

greater

Quantity of Ground, as a Rod, Acre,
that every thing

&c. we mud
I

proceed as follows
the
3

may

be fully

clear'd,

will

go through

whole
for the

Operation, that every
i

one may

have a perfed Underflanding

Knowledge thereof

is

of very great Importance to a good Gardener. one Foot Diametery

The

circular

Area before mentioned.
Inches

bein

its fuperficial

Quantity^n

may be

thus found,

m%.

Square the diameter
Jaji

Ifjbtr-^

hven^and dhiding
he the

the

¥rodu£i

hy fourteen^ the

^otient will

Area required.

'*

'^

EXAMPLE.

\

*

,"»'

/

• 1

J

H

MON
EXAMPLE.
The Diameter
Multiplyed by

Or,

\

12 Inches. 12
r-

24
12
\

The

firft

Produa

is

44
1

Which multiply by
^

'44 144
i
•-.y*

^^

The 2d Produd
which divide by
1

4)

I

J

84(1

1

3

I

The Quotient, which

is

the

Num-

I

14-

ber of Iquare Inches in the Area

or Circle, whofe Diameter was

018

one Foot, or twelve

Inches.

H
i

044 4*
02
qual to
Seventh
t

remains^ which

is

equal to tI of the Divifor i

THE fecond Work
Foot: Which
J
is

)

to find the

Number of fquare

Inches in a fq

multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produd wiUbe

known by

qual to

which 44;

is

the

Number of

fquare

Inches contained in a

Foot

EXAM9LE.

\

The

Fruit-Garden
X A M<P
11
Inches
Side

lUufirated.

'5

of a

Scjuare

Foot

Multiply'd

by

12

one o

other Sides.

24 120

\

The Produd

144

Which

are the Square Inches in a Square

Foot as required.

THE third
Rod,
a
half,

Work

is

to find the

Number

of Square Feet

in a
1

Square

Pole, or Perch, which are alfo found
(the

by multiplying
a-

6 Feet and

Number of
is

Feet
the

contained in

Rod

in

Length) by the

fame, and their Product

Number

of Square Feet required.

X
Feet:

M'P
Inches.

E.

16
16

06 06 00

96

00
00
o
o
'

^

The Produa

t7%

o

Which are

the Square Feet con-

tained in one Square

Rod

as

required.
dR^^

AND
culation
I

as

an Acre of Land contains
be made
for

1

60

Poles i or Rods, the Cal

may

any Quantity required.

AS

for

Example

>

A SQUARE
contains

Pole (whofe Sides are feverally equal to \6 Feet
1

39204

Square Inches, which being divided by

of the Area 13,

the Circular Foot, omitting the Fradion, the Quotient
1

is

^^6 \^

a,

AND,
I

•
'*l

*-

^

*

I

;

%

i<5

M
AND,
evaporated from
has been proved,

N
that in i
\

Or

>
F

1

I

Day

6 Ounces were

multiply therefore Foot^ Circular one
in

46 3

(the

Number
\

o
^

Circular Feet

one Square Rod)
1

(the

Quantity evaporated

«

2 in Circular Foot a of Surface from the

Days) and the

Produa

will

be 895x5, which

is

are that evaporated Ounces of Quantity the very near

from the Surface of one

Rod

21

Day
1

IF

Spjxi be divided
,

\6^ (the

Ounces

in

a Pound J'verdupoh)
V

the Quotient will be 5 6 2 1

the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated.

IF we admit, that one Pound of Water
eafily
>

is

equal to one Pint,
:

we may

reduce the
the

562 ^ Pounds

into Gallons

For 5(^2 being divided
is

Number

of Pints in a Gallon 3 the Quotient

26

the |f,

Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square

Rod

in 2

1

Days.

NOW

\J

ly

the Rule of Proportion

11^1

:

IF, in 21 Days_,

8996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod 7
1

what Quantity

is

evaporated from the fame Surface in 1

Days

>

ANSWER.
IF

428 Ounces,

equal to 2<J Pounds iz Ounces, equal
clucc Quarterns

to three Gallons^ one Quarf,

and

N.

B.

the judicious

Gardener does

'weJl conjider

thh,

he twill

le eaftly led into the Reafons of ivatering Plants in dry Seafons.

NOW,
Rod.
I

feeing that

we have

obtained the daily Evaporation of
n)iz.

will
is

proceed to a further Enquiry,
the- Space

Wh
3

Quantity of
I
1

Moifture
the
1

evaporated in

of a whole Summer
i

which

begin at

5 th

of May, and end

at the

i

jth of 05ioh

containing

54 Day

Br
'

the

Rule

Proportion

:

IF, from the Surface of one Rod,
will

428 Ounces

are evaporated

one

Day, what Quantity

be evaporated from the fame Surface
%i

Days

154

?

%

ANSWER

i<

The

Fr

u it-G

ard

e

N"

Illufirated,
-•T'^

-

-I

ANSWER.
J14
Gallons,
Sm

65912 Ounces,

equal

to 41 19

Pounds
•i

|

>

c qual to

Pi inc, equal to 14 Barrels,
•

10 GallonsJ

Pint.
m--^

—

a^

«!#

NOW
in the

t

—

to

n

e

Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acre,
3

fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule

%^iz.
1*

IF
1

fro

m
^

the Surface of one

Rod, 65912 Ounces
TV

are

evaporated in

Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an 54
1

Acre (viz.

60 Rods)

in the

fame

Time

?

ANSWER.
to

1

20 Ounces, equal to ^J9i 20 Pounds, equal 59 6 J4

82390

Gallons, equal to

2^16
4

Barrels,

14 Gallons.

i

NOW,
\

as

have

this Calculation,
is

let

us proceed

a

little

Further,
face

and enquire what Depth of Water

evaporated from the Sur-

of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof
-

may

be given foe

the preceding Calculation.

.»
J

t

ir

NIC. Crugmus
(C
C(

{as

Mr. Hales

obferves, p. 55.)

N^

581. of the

'PhiloJbphkaJ Tranfa6iionSy found that 2 8 Inches Depth evaporated in
a whole

Year from

Water .
in

/. e.

tt of an Inch each Day, at a
^^J•

me^n

iC

Rate
5

3

but the Earth,
fo the

a Summer's Day, evaporated
is

Part of an
r

u Inch
cc

of a Surface

/ of Earth in Summer,
of an Inch
there will

Evaporation of a Surface of Water
as ten
is

to th e Evaporation
ir

I

to three.
4
j-^

FOR

fince that ^l

is

evaporated daily from Water,
entire Inch in
is

'the re

fore, in twelve

Days,
in

be one

Depth evapoi^atcdj
the Length of a

and confequently

144 Days, (which

much about

Summer) one
do not
fall

entire

Foot in Depth, .provi<led that Rains were not, or

in that

Time,

From

this

we may

eafily
"^

account for the

Wafte of Water
*'

in ftagnant Fiflhponds,
n

Canals, &4:.

-

L

}
\

BUT

fince that the Earth

doth evaporate but

^ of an Inch in

a

Day,

therefore one entire Inch in

Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days.

AND

as

the

firft

Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding

Exp
the

ment 3 had wafted

Cubick Inches of Water, which ?4

der'd

Earth

N

s.

X

i8
Eanh
1

V

M
Vegetation
3

N
40 Days,

Or

i

5

^

unfit for

therefore if

from one Foot
'tvyill

S(]iiare th
^
5 3

44

Cubical Inches evaporated in
rend
:

req

P^ys

9

to

porate 15^4 Inc
forefaid

Earth as

rv

nfit for

V^g

Which

5 2

Day

f

,

is

about the one third Part ot a
thout Rain
full
f(

Summer
Ion

5

and

'tis

always feenj that when

aSpace

of Time, the Surface of the Earthy for a

Foot

in

Depth,

fo very dry 5

be unfit
1

for

V^g
V
\

BY
Gall

the preceding Calcul

ith as

een dcmonftrated
in
i

That
y

5H

were evaporated from one

Rod of Ground
/

Day 54
in

the Evaporation of 40 of an Inch
thi iin

Day,

it

appears to be fome
e

(tho'

very

little)

more.*

I will

demonft
..

ame

the fol
v-^

Operation g

;

SINCE

that

two Square Feet contain

288 Square
Inch

Inches,

which
f

iporated in

40 Days,

an

88

Cub
.4.

being equal
contains
1

one
Square

Gallon /"'tis evident that one Sq
Inches^ being taken at

Foot

44

one Inch

in

Depth,

is

equal to

two Quarts, or
qual

half

Gallon

5

and confequcntly 27
evaporate in
is

Sq
•%'

Feet 43 (which
^

Rod) doth
one Foot, which
Quarts
^*

40 Day
545

>

t?

times i the

Quantity of
Gallons one

eau

to

Quarts,

qual to
See
?
\

e qual
^f
*

Barrels i

d one Q\

tJie

Op

The

Cubical Inches

in

one Gallon

1

88

The

Cubical Inchgs in two Quarts
Square Foot.
in 'a Square

1

44

e quallo the

Square Inches

in a

The Number of Feet
Which multiply by

Rod' 27
2
!

•- V

4

-

-

..-,

the Quarts contained

Square Foot, at one Inch in Depth

5
*

dud
tiplied

^

^
<

V

544
'-

.To which add

\..

I
r
'

for the

4

of a Foot mul
'i-

by

2, equal to I
is

-

Foot ;

qiial

to one Quart.

And'

The Produd
S.

545

Quarts, the Quantity

pora ted from one

Rod

of Ground in

tlie

Sp

of 40 Day

NOW
i,j«»

\
u.
^r

•*«
K.^

>

*

r
t'-

V

^he F R u

I

T-G A

R

D^

N.

Illujlrated.

rp

NOW divide '54
I

J

by

the In a Gallon Quarts 4,

3

1.JL-

4)545(1

J

(5

f

the

Number

of Gallonsi
I

4'-

*

It
*'w-

J

15
i«iA.

r

I

ILemainaer, equal to oik Quart

NOW
Surface
r

fay,

If in

40 Days

ij6 Gallons

are

evaporated from the

of one Rod, how many

are evaporated in

154 Days

?

ANSWER.
aforefaid.

51 j

by appear will which I,

mtilti|)lying

ij4 by 1565

as be.ji} will Quotient the by Produd: thek }, 40^ and dividing
"^

See the Operation.
_

^

\

,^

THE
As 40
is

Proportion

is

thi IS

5
:,

40
to
:

:

1^6

:

154

:

523
:

5

that

is

>

-a,

.f

i3<^,
.

ici_k_i54 to 523

Therefore place your

as following

—

Numbers

40

:

136

:

:

154 136

:

^13
(Tf

<^

k\ 4

014 462 '54
^u r

^^

The Produd. which

divide

by 40)20944(5x3 2CO
• •
1

I-

N

94
80
144 120
»
fr-

V

24
"
tl

or, to equal Remainer, ||,

or

-rf,

ot 1.

NOW,

-:n.

*^

\

%

20

M
if

N

Or

?

*

NOW,

we compare

this

Quantity thus obtain^, with the other
:

before obtain'd,

wc

fliall

find their Differenee to be inconfiderable
I

The

Gallons before found to evaporate from one Days, were

Rod

in

1

54

5H
5^?

The

Gallons

now
-

found
-

at 40

of an Inch per 2)iem for 154
1

Days

The

Difference

is

Therefore the Evaporation of Earth
as before laid.

is

nearly

^ of

an Inch in a Day,

^.E.

2).

ACCORDING
Mr. HaJeSj p,
<c

to the Experiments of the

Reverend and Learned

6. it J

appears
is

" That

the Quantity of

Rain and Dew,

which

falls in a

Year,

at a

Medi

11 Inches
V

^

V

cc iC

THE
+
Day

Quantity of the Earths Evaporation in arYearr ,
is

is,

at leaft.
I

9

Inches, fince that

the

Rate

at

which

it

evaporates in a

Sum-

cc

mer'

ic

FROM which p
a ting

-f i Inches;- are to

i

a
c

be deduced

5.

?p In hes

for

De

remains

6.

Which
fell s

2 Jnch

dedu(5led

from
lead

the

Quantity of Rain which
:>

in

-^

a Year, there remains at
fit

<(

6 Inches Depth
'^

plenifli

the

u

Earth with Moifture

for

\

t>

d

to fupply the Springs

and Rivers

Depth of Water, with which the Earth is S 6 replenift'd and Springs and Rivers fupplied, would be all evaporated in
I
1
,
I

TH

Inches

\

of 6^0

Day

the Spac(

is

but

Year

nine Months, three

and three Days, were the Earth

Week s
eafily

t^i

fo long without Rains
«,. we

would

So

the

whole World be

deftro ya^ wer. deftroy-d. were

continual circulating Bleffings of -Rain and appears by the following Calculation
:

„.. .„ . not to receive thofe

Dew

The Truth of which

IT
for

has already been proved,"that

rattd in

aa Inch Depth of Water
,

is

evapor

therefore tnuitiply

6, the Inches
e

Support of Springs, c^,. by

Depth o

Water

40 >

Number

o

Da

that one

Inch
T

t

>

1

The
\

Fruit-Garden
the

lUuftratel

2f
wl
being

Inch
divided

evaporating, and

Produd
Week,

be 6±

Day

1

by 7,

the Days in a

the Quotient will be

Weeks T i

equal to one Year, nine Months. three Weeks^ and three

Day

The Days
I

that

one Inch deep
c

Is

evaporating away, are

40
Inch

The mean Depth of Water
the

in the

Earth > for

Supp

Rivers, Springs, Plants^

&.
46

•-

/

w 4

The
to
)

Produ(5t

:

Which

divide

by

7)640(9 1 Weeks,cqual

one Year, nine Months^ and three Weeks.
16

7
Days remain*

Now,

whilft that \6 Inches deep

arc evaporating
five Inches,

from the Earth >
was fhewn,
f(

there will be at the

fame time,

foiir Feet,
$

| Depth of Water
it

evaporated from Seas and Rivers

for (as before)
1

that

Inch Depth of Water was evaporated in
divide 640, (the
rating out

2

Day

>

we
is

Number

of

Day

Inches of Water
It

evapo

of the Eartli>^h^i_4

2^ (the Day

one Inch
c

is

evaporating
Tj

om
the

the Surface of the Water)
that

U

which

Depth of Water

would be evaporated

in

640 Day

t

a)^4o( J 3 i

Inches Depth

60

40
-

-/^

Remains, equal to

^.

A

WE
is

having gone

ro fuch Parts that' have
'

inform

us

ow

to

account for the Quantity of Water that

is

daily evaporated

by

the Sun,
that

&c. we

lliould

now

of Moifture Quantity the of fome Notice take

imbibed from the Earth,

by

the Roots, and

perfpired

away

thro' the

Leaves of Plant?.

FOR

/

;
*
>

..

22

M
FOR
thereby

N

A:

Or

7

we

fliall

whatMoifture determine to able be
Care

is

fuffi

committed Vegetable every of Support for the
different their in contained Beauties the great

behold

Natures and Conft
the Sun-Flower 3
herein
;

THE
P

Experiment
will

mad
*'

Mr, Hales on
a yery great

Vegetable Stattch)
obferv'd,

g

Help

was th
a

That

the Space of

Ground

that

its

Roots occupied, evaporated
in

fomething more than

ten Pounds,

and two Ounces,
V

the Space of

i

x

Days, and

th

Plant imbibed at the fame time
r
-

Pound s 3
:

therefore th
e

Quantity evaporated an
occupied about four

And as imbibed was 19 Pound Moift ure u bical Feet of G ;
was more
it)

Roots

w ailed
have
\ oo
/
I

Evap

and Perfp

Earth w^ould
in the Space of

porated (had no Sun-Flower been planted in

Days and upwards.
Pint>
f
-

For as
are

we
Pints

allow
5

Pound of Water
fince that

to

a

e

Pounds 3 9

9 3

and

one Pint contains

Cubical Inches, therefore 39 contains 1404

39
F

*—

J.-

'I

«»«

2 34

117
f.

Fro dud:

1404

the

Number
21 Day

of Cubical Inches

of Moifture wafted from four Cubical Feet

AND fince that the
(the Surface

Surface or Superficial Content of four Square Feet
is

of four Cubical Feet)

equal to 57 (i Inches 5 therefore divide
will

1404, by 576, and the Quotient

be 2 ||| equal to

18^

which

is

fomething more than 2 Inches | in Depth, which requires more than 1 00 Days for its Evaporation.
V...

\

44
Multiply'd

the Inches in the upper Surface the

of

i

Cubical Foot

by
is

Number of
divide

Cubical Feet

The Product

57^.

By which

1404
four*

57^5)1404(2 jf

The Depth on

Cubical Feet 5

1152
*-K^

35^

Remainder, equal to

H when reduced.

NOW

V

•

^

The

H U

I

T

Ga R.D

E

N

Illufirated.

2

KOW feeing that the Sun-Flower imbibed the Moifture
three times the Velocity that the

with very ncai
is

Sun evaporated
•

it^

viz. as lo

to

2p

»

which

is

very near

as

one

is

to three

when we water

the Sun-Fl
IS

vety dry Seafons,
porated

we

fliould allow four times th

Moift lire
to be near

cva
r

by
5

tl

Sun. which befo
Pints

was proved
j

27

Pints

Red And

njtz-

which

is

e qual

to

Gallons

2)iem

r^

like

of

all

other Vegetables^ in Prop

to their different

Powers of Perfp

I

F

all

the

beft

Kinds of

truits

were planted

in Pots,
*

and covcr'd

with Lead, as
eafily

very might Sun-Flower, we die of Experiment in the

Icnow

theit different

Powers of imbibing and

perfpiring

:

But then
Plants >

Care mufl

be taken to proportion the

Magnitude of the

vera

^s near e qual as

o Weights the make and to be. can
5

the feveral Pots

and Earth equal

that

by

giving each Plant an equal Quantity of Waref y
the Difference

we may
their

every Evening

fee the Qiiantities perfpired^

of

Weights.

I

TO
Growth,

be very

accurate in

thefe

Experiments,

'tis

neceflary to
ve,

make
Years

Experiments on
that

one 5
difi

two >
with

thr

four >
diff(

&c.

we might
'<

w

hat

Force they

im

bibe and perfpir

y

adv^rtTccNel-in^

d

thei r

Sap- Veffels harden
>

And when we
Plants,

thus inform'd of the different Powers of Pcrfp
L

may, by comparin

their

Magnitudes with the Magnitudes of other
alfo

know

their Perfpirations

AND
while
rees

fmce
L

Pla of Perfpiration the

wi

be found to b

different as the

Deg

Heat and Cold
again

3

'twould be well worth
to

place

Thermom

our PI

know what De
gainfl thofe

o

Heat cau fed

fuch and fuch Perfp

And

Plants, thofe of Perfpirations the placed were Degrees feveral
at all

w m

derful

an won great very for thofe account and behold afterwards times Entertainment continual a be wi i of Nature which

Op

tions

7

w ell
our

DireAory
Plants and

alfo,

v^

when and how we
and dry Seafo

are to reliev

Fruits,

in hot

y^^

2

BUT

^

24

M
BUT
Spring
as

A: Or

?

m
Experiments o
bferv'd thro'ouc

th
a

Natur

be
I

Lin

in

the

an
willi

whole Summer,

therefore

d
it

(Go

o

to

begin

this
:

Work
after

the .next Spring, an
I will

continue

thro out the whole

Summer

which
an

communicate

my

Obfervations
delicrht,

ereon, for the^Pleafu
are concern

Improvement of

thofe th

and

d in thofe

Planting of Amufements innocent

and Gardening.

n
I

IV.
*

Of

the

Manner
.-^

that

Nature fupports
^
10

Plants
oj

with

Moifture, and

its Effects on the

Growth

Trees.
..•»

LA NTS
Springs,

'are

fupporte^ with Moifture 3
receive
at
their

Rains y
Bark,

Dews)

&c, which
*.^

BudSj and

Leaves, as well as at their Roots

IN warm
\

and dry, or hot

dry

Day

5

they

receive Iheir

Nou
Trees
?

r ifhment

at their

Roots only, becaufe that then they
at their

are in a perfbiring
j

State,

and therefore muft be fupported

Roots only
at

for

&

pen
the

A
:

3

bibe and perfpire
in

their

Lea

&c

fame time

But

an Evening, when the Heat of the
their perfpiring

Day

then they are changed from

to

a ftrongly im-

bibing State

imbibing plentifully the

Dew

and Rain, when any happ en )
Moifture of the Earth at
their

at their Leaves

and Bark J

as well

as

Roots.
/

IF

difpute or doubt the

Perfpiration

of

Plants, let

them read

Mr. Hakss Vegetahle
derftood

Stat'ich, which,

in fad, fliould be read and well

every one that would underftand

the Reafons of their

feveral Opetations in

Gardening 2

IN

%f

%

^.

JtV

.alfqi>»<H^>l»

iifJI^-

.-

The
"~V

Fru it-Garden
the' Perfpiration

IHuJirated.

25

^^

i

£

I

N cool or wet Days,
and hot Days
5

of Plants

is

not

great, as
>

in

nay, very

they have

no

Perlp

but

bibing State, efpecially in

warm wet Weather
Trees become

AND when cold wet Weather continues a long while,
faturated with Moifture
for
5

and then

it is

that their Sap

is

full

of Crudities,
their Fruits

want of a drying Air

to perfpire

it

away, which renders

immature, with

infipid Taftes

THIS
therefore.

is

manifefted
this

when wet and
only Reafon^
^tis

cold

Summers

app

3

even for

abfolutely neceflary.

that

le

Branches of Trees fhould be kcp
Air as
is r

very

m

3

as

et in
•

much

«

perfpire

away
*p

the Crudities

of the Sap
• ^

THIS
their

is

the real Caufe of the lower Branches of Trees, which ftand
r^-r

thick together in a

Wood,

being dead, or very near Ky
r
»

w

hilfl:

thofe

on

very

Tops

are in a thriving healthy State.
t

FOR notwithftanding that the lower Branches are
and confequently
receive
their

neareft to the

Root,

Sap before thofe

at

the

Top,

yet for

want of
i'

free

drying Air, they cannot perlpire away the Crudities thereof,

but, being

fat uTat cd ' t h crc

wk^

at lengthy peri fli

5

whilft

thofe

on the
Root,

a free enjoy always which Tops, much. expand and freely, perfpire

fiom

the

And on

the

contrary, Trees that

ftand fingle,

have

their

largeft

and ftrongeft Branches next the Roots,

and

the very weakeft at their

Tops

5

for fuch Trees having a free Perfirft

their Parts, their all in fpiration

lower Branches are

furnifh'd

with
lafl:

Sap,

vhich renders

them ftronger than

thofe that are higher, and

ferved.

And

7

•

tis

rom
of

this

that

Foteft

Trees acquire

their

beautiful

\

Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably Ipent, in
the feveral Stages
their lateral

Branches, as they afcend in Heighch.

AND
'tis

as

every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them

therefore that they

become naked, and only produce Leaves

at their

Ends
if the

as in

e Cafe of Trees planted clofe together in a Wood.

But

middle
thin of

of Trees

are kept open, as
all

Dwarf Trees

in

Gardens, or very
free Peripi-

Wood,

then

their

feveral

Branches will have a

H

ration

/

Jff-

26
all their Parts,

M
Shoots.
V

N

Or
full

>

and confcquently be

of Buds, Leaves y

THIS
come

I

ad vife. my Readers to confid ^r well^
I

for hereon

depends

hole Succefs of our
to lay
/

Labou

which

fhall fully

demonftrate whe

down

the Reafons

and Manner of Pruning

BY
.

the preceding

Account

it

appears,

That

'tis

very Beneficial to

water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening,
Seafons are very dry.

when

/

The
Statich y

20th Experiment of Mr.

iffi?/(?^,
r

mention^'d

in

his

Vcgetalh
is

p
its

TI
3

at

two
is 5

Feet

Depth

the

Heat
as

fiderable

and conftant

that

the

fame

by Night
O

by
are

Day
con

7

/

d that by

ftrong Influence }
s^

Qt
during the

Moiftu

lly raifed
r
cc

from the lower Strata
of

warm Summer

Seafon,

the Support
e

The

Impulfe of the Sun-Beams givin

Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated Motion, which watry

IC

Particles,
*

when

feparated and ratified
enter the

by Heat, do

afcerid

Form of

a Vapour, and vigoroufly

Roots of Plants
9

THEREFORE
very realb

(as this

Gentleman

*

further obferves, *. 66.)

t)S

eijeve

That

the Roofs of Vegetables are thus,

by

Means of

the Sun s genial Heat, continually watered with
:

new

Suppl

of Moifture
the

For

if

the

Humidity of

the Earth

did not thus afcend

Roots of Vegetables muft
fro

receive all the Nourifliment

which they

m
in

Earth, merely
thofe Shells of

by knbibin

the next adjoining Moiftur c
their

contain'd
if

Earth which enclofe

Roots

•

and

why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow always fo
fo,
:

in

Earth

root

very (hallow, would be as

foon perifh'd for

^

want of Moifture,
Tubs, fuch

as the

as thofe in

fame Plants when they are planted in larcre which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms

preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the

Moifture

d more

in

the Earth of the

Tub, and

perifli

if

not fupplied with

AND

V

k

TJje

FrU I T-G AR'D EN
(as this

lUufirated.

'iiP'

27

AND again,
poffible

Gentleman

further obferves) if Plant

were not
it

thus fupph'ed with Moifture from the

Strata

Sj

how would

be
f?»U

them

to

fubfift

in

very hot Latitudes, as thofe within >

i

o

or

Degrees of the Equinodial Line, where they are often without

llain for

y

Mon
genial Heat

THEREFORE

of

the

Sun being in Conjundion

with the Attradion of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture is raifed > imbibed d carried up thro' the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and
thcrice paffing into the Leaves,
it is

there

moft vigoroufly
dulating

atfled

up

thoHe

thin

Plat
4

y

an
it is

put in

an

Motion by
off,

the

Sun

^^'armth, where by
their SurR
3

moft

plentifully
it is

thrown

and pcrfpired thro

whence,

as foon as

difentangled J

mounts with

great

Rapidity into the Air

NOW,
1

from what

9

•

is

here deliver'd y

tlS

ain,

That

eep

and

ftrong-bottom'd Lands, which

ways abound with
are the only
:

great Quantities o
to

Moifture in

their

lower Strata

5,

Lands which we are

make

Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits
PP
ill

That when hot and dry

Seafons
/

•n,

they

may

be able to

fubfift

without great Labour and Expencc

\Vatering,\

which muft be
S^'ih^

at thofe Seafons

when we

plant in fhallow,

dry-botrom^

/"ucJi

as Saq^js. Gravels,

&c.
-Lli-Jf.^

y

p.

/
\

/

)

-^

«MI'

28

FO M
'El..

N

Or 7

i»

/*•

H
Of
the

V.
of

GkowTh
V

and

Maturity
after

plants
•t

HE
its

firft

Operation of Nature,

Win
is

Seed
necefTary for

Vegerable, is to imbibe as

much

Moifture as

Germination, whereby

it

fwells

with very great Force.

This Force Mr. Hales has proved, in

his

Experiment on Peafe, which he

put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves they 7
raifed
1

84 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Statlch,

p 94
p

NOW
Qiiantity
r
7

feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient

of Moifture,
late in

'tis

no wonder
:

that

rops are produced,

hen fown

dry Seafons

Therefore the o

Maxim

of fowins

feems to be a Miftake xcept in Lands that are naturally very y

AND
e
ell

fince

that Seeds

dilate
:

themfclv
Soil
'

with very great Force ac

Germination
meliorated

eretore ch

by

digging,

&c,
of

wherein they are fow'd fiiould not only for their free Dilatations,
Plumes, or
firft

but

for the

more

eafy Penetration

their tender

firft

leading

Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or

fhooting Roots y
e

wi

their

fubfeq

Fibres3

in

the Earth.
'tis

For when
that

Radicles

cannot freely penetrate the Earth,
fufficient

impoffible

they can imbibe

Moifture necefTary for the Produftion of good Plants.

N
N

IF

any

Sieji\

to
to

e

Genmnatton of Seed
them read

tformd homo Nature operates ft om the the Formation Biidi Shoot &c. let

Mr.

Hales'5 Vegetable Statick

}^9yU9 J

?5

THE
latation

Shoots or Branches of Trees
their

produced by the gradual Di
for all

and Extenllon of

Buds

;

Branches and Fruits are

form'd in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear ~

when

fliUy

grown.
V

SOME

The

RU IT-G A RD EN
I

rated.

n

20
Fruits 5

SOME
4

Kinds of Fruits difcover

their

Embrio Shoots, and

within the Bud^ vifible to the naked Eye, without the Help of a Microfcope
3

as

the

Bud of a Mulberry,
with
its

It

thr:o

om

the .Vertex to

its

Bafe, exhibits the Fruit

next adjoining Leaves, which Nature
V

has carefully placed^ not only to wrap up and prefer ve the tender Fruit
the away fpirc Nourifliment, and per Cold, to^attrad during the Winter's

Crudities of the Sap, but to expand themfelves
preferve the tender Sap-Veffels of the Fruits,
i

in fuch

Manner,

fo as to

during their Growths, fro
the Sun.

m

the drying

Winds and

fcorching

Rays of

THE

Nature to the proportionable always are Branches Growth of
in

¥^

of the Seafon

which they are ptpduced.
Si

Wet

Springs
foft

do always pro1

duce the lonseft and largeft

becaufe their

dudile Parts do

State tender moift a in longer continue then

in a

dry
e

ig the
>

Fibres

foon harden, and

flop

the

further

Growth o
>

Shoot

their

Sap-Veffels being dried

by

their great Perfp

fed

by

the
is

ordinary Heat

Th
5

n.loft

enial

Heat

r

Englljh Plants
the
^

from
-*

7 to

2

o Deg

which Heat generally happ
Plants in general flourifh moft

Month
*¥ f

May

and June^ when

COLD
than
cold
in the

Spring has
3

wor

Effect

on

the tender Parts of Shoots >

Autumn

for

a have Plants of the young Shoots g
in

Quantity or Proportion

f Salt and Water

them

at their Spring,

than

Autumn,

they a

more

liable to

be

injured "by

Cold ^han
their

in the

Autumn, wh
o

they are in

advanced Age, and
their

Quantity
:

to proportionable Oil increafed

Deg

ee

of Maturity

For the
is,
*

great

Work

of Nature
together

in

bringin

Fruits

and Seeds
the

to Maturity,
a(5tive

to

c ombi le

in a

due Prop

more

and noble
its

and Sulphur of Principles
fined State,
It.

A

?

that conft

Oil, which, in

moft

And

the

Salt and Earth of Degree fome without found is never thofe are rm more the Maturity this more perfed >
*

^

Principles

ited

Vide Vegetable

Statkh

22.

FROM
in a dry

what has been
D>

deliver'd in refpeft

the

Growth of Shoots

ppears.

That

1

weak

oftentimes then are Trees

frefhed with Watering
greatly
E

fo as to. keep

'twill fupple, Parts their foft dudtile

add to

their

Growth

And on

the contrary, the

Growth o
tarded >
J

of fiich want for Trees, luxuriant

Spring dry a by ? Moifture, kre,

and thereby
t

made

fruitful.

CHAP

{

b

'

o
».
tr-

t-*<

M
••AT-

N

Or
m

%

'

-qi-i

Tl

y

•

*

J*

*
'f

4

#

\*

^

#

H
0/^
//j^

VL

«

Plantations of Lands for Manner of Treparing Fr u I T-T R E E S.

HE

befi:

Seafon for
T.' -

preparing Lands, whereiti

we

defign to

make

Plantations of Fru
--'

O^oler, or as foo n after
admit.
1
•

the Moifture

of th^ Ground
»

IF your Land

is

deep,

that

is,

when. about two Feet

in

Depth

tis
-?

bed
in

to trench

it

two

Spits,

and the
is

Crumb
it,

(as term'd

by Gardeners)

Depth, laying the

Spit that

taken from the Bottom in Ridges, that

the Winter Rains and Frofts
dities
it

may mellow
is

and exhale away the Cruthe bc/l Afet nod
for the
IS i

er eof.

But

if

your Land

flbalJow,

to

one fingle Spit Only,

and

that to

be

laid in Ridges,
;

Reafons

aforefaid,

and

level'd

down

in the Spring following.

'
%

I

F your Land
in the

is

not over

frefli

or rich,

Would

be very ferviceable
rotted,

to

mix

Working a good Coat of Horfc- dung well
Beds^

fuch as

old
it

Cucumber and Melon
ii.

&c,

but not

new Dung on any

account,

being perfed: Poifon to the Roots of* new-planted Trees."

I

N

the

Trenching of Land, Care

fliould

be taken that the

Workmen
of each
A,

don't leave Cores of undifturb'd Earth between the

bottom

Spits

Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay

when by

the

Dayj and

that their Spits are

of a moderate Size
meliorate

3

for

when

Lands ^re digged with

large Spits, they cannot

fo

well y as
lefs fit

when with moderately fmall
the free Penetration
therein.
h
r
'

ones,

and confequently are then
dcfire

for

of thofe Roots which we

fliould

thrive
.

t

->

WHEN

/

i

The

Fru

IT

Ga R DE N

IJluJiratel

31
A %

,r

WHEN
t

by

trenching the aforefaid Depth, a hungry; raw, or (harp
it
>

Bottom comes
-m

ris

e

vc
^
is

off,

and

o no deeper than the
ft

tjoodnefs of the Land
pears to be too fliallow, that

And
firft

if at

the

whole Depth ap-

to fay; lef
Spit

1

8 Inches

m

Depch^ the

only Method

is

to rdife

ic

with the
r

of a green Sward, or
'

Meadow,
-

which has not been brokeup by Spade
Vv

or Plough within the

Knowledge
or want o
.

o

Man, and where

Cattle has

<^'ori

tin nail y
i't^,

been fed

But

Juch Vii'gin Earth, as Mr. Evelyn
befl;

calls

wFmuft make ufe
make

of the very

and
Feet

freflieft

we

can

cret.

and

there\Vith

the o-ood 'Land about

Depth
v

«

i
,t

^

A

WHEN Lands
Lands,
ftifF

in

general are of very unkind Natures, fuch as fliarp

cold

Clays, Gravel, t&c.

len

we mu

)

at proper

Diftances, fink Holes of fix or
1

eight Feet Square,
)

and two Feet Deptl 1 >
e

the

Land

is

dry

3

but

ir

CO

tis

much

the

Way

to

rai aife

a
».

Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the
natural Soil
5

which Earth fliould be
-1

re pare d

in a Leftal, as

direded
)

in

the

firft

Sedion of the fccond Part of

my Ne^

Principles

Gardening.
1
^

»r4

AND (incc chat Fepu^rees
down Tap-Roots
tis

(cipeciayy Pear-Trees) are apt to flioot
s,

inC) the

lower Strata

where the Moifture bein
and Growth luxurious J
r

renders unprepared, and tritde

their Fruits infif id,

much

e

beft

Way, "when we

plant"

our Trees

not o nly to
to

prune away every Root

that feems to tend

downwards, but

pave the
which

Brick-bats, Tile-flicds, with Bottom

&c.

alfo to prevent others,

therein. from entering produce, afterwards Nature iiiay

WHEN
Trees,
gings,
in vain

Lands

prepare dfitfi

the Reception of Seeds, PI

>

&c.

mellow, kept be conrinually they fliould

by

frequent

Dig

Houghing
;

M;

&^
is,

otherwife our

firft

Labours wall be

For

fince that

the Moifture
reat
art,

which fupports

Roots

of

Plants in

^

Seafons,

attraded up by the kindly In

fluence of the
i

Sun

5

'tis

therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surfac

mellow, that the Heat

may

have a

fi"ee

Penetration

:

And

not
r'

t

trf

..*

.»

*-*

22
'*

OM

N

m
'%

t

Or

7

DrcfTings often by but > the only Reafon,
free a have happen) they

ai as aforefj

J

the

Rains (when
Earth

Entrance, and confequently

flore the

Support the for neceffary of Moifture, Quantities greater with
than

of Plants, >

when
is

the Surface being hard

and

refifts,

the Moifture cannot enter^

but

Atmofphere. the into back rennanded immediately
t

"H *v

WET boggy Lands
ices,

are beft drain'd dry

by Ttenches dug

in proper

to

convey away the too much
3

Moifture to fome proper Place o
filled

Reception

an

fuch Trenches are

at

BottomsJ about

one Foot

high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles,
free Paflage for the
r

Brick-bats,
5

&c.

they will

always keep an open

Water

and
t

want o

them

Laying of Bufhes^
dure

fagg
T

Beech y Alder, Ozier,

&.

will en-

many

Years, and anfwer the fame

End

m
'I*
' '
L t

-

i

•

-

#\

i£»

J*^

*
r
\

.:%
-'i^,
'

'

T

T

I

'

s*^

t
-^

V

X

.

4

'\.

*v

."

;

r

.

i.

-A.

wWl.

The

Fr u it-G ard

e

N

lUufiratel

33

Jwl»^

J*

VIL
raijing

mi

The Manner
their
or

Fru it-Trees

in

a Nurfery

Grafting ,

Inoculating ,

and Manner of Tranf

plantin05 againji PFalls^ Efpalier J" ;

&C
rccs,

HE

feveral

Methods of

raifin

Fruit

are

from

SctSisJ
'^f

v^uccings^ Grafti Kernels, Layers, Cutti orarcingy and Inoculation.

THE
Peaches,

feveral

Kinds

of

Cherries,
Service,

Apricots,

Figs,

Apples,

Pears>

Plumbs,

Walnuts,

and Mulberries
their

now

in

bein
5

)

were

without doubt originally raifed from

Seeds or Kernels

but

our ufual Method

now to

pro^gagate them,

is,

either

by

Cuttings, LayersJ

Grafting, or Inoculation,

THE

feveral

Kinds

that

may be
j

propagated by Cuttings, are the
'tis

different Sorts of Grapes

and

Figs

but

much

the beft

way to

encreafe

t them by Layers.

WHEN we are to

encreafe

them by Cuttings, we fhould

jufl:

before
5

the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants

and

having prun'd them to Lengths of about two Feet each, plant
an Eaft Border, well prepared by digging,
ferving

th em in

^r.

for their Reception, ?

ob

to lay

them

in flopin

as their lovveft

Parts

don't exceed a

Foot in Depth.

They

fliould

not be nearer to each other than a Foot

at the leaft, for they are

both Plants that require a great deal of Air to

perfpire in.

THE

34

OM N
THE
and
1

A: Or

»

Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topp'd.

their

Ends

are

but four or five

Inches

out of

Ground

>

tis

fufficient.

IT
k.

will

be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe- dun
will

be-

tween the Rows^ which

not only keep the Earth

warm

thro'out

the Winter, but moift in the Spring,

when they

are ftriking

Root, and

advancing

in their

Growth.

AND
the
firft

\i they are fuifer'd to

remain there

for the Space
better,

of two Years,

before they are planted out, ^twill be

much

than to remove

them

Year
_

after planting.

'

^^

N.

B.

IF

the Spring after the firft planting of the Cutthigs proves

dryy 't<will he very necejfary to keep them moiji^ ly frequent
teringSy nsohich

Wa^

mil add

"very

much

to

ther Growth,
-i

BUT
that the

the

beft

Way

of

raifing

thefe

Fruits,

is

by Layers,
the

becaufe

Mother- Plants are a conftant Support, durin
Root.

whole

Time

of

their ftriking

THE
the

bed Seafon

for

Work
fufficient

is

OMer.
>

for

len

they have

whole Winter to imbibe
early in the Spring

J

ceffary for their ftrikin
4.

Root

'

^

THE other Kinds
before
beft

of

Fruits^ tvz. Cherries, Apricots,

Peaches ? Pears >
'«H'

•

Plumbs, &c, being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft

we

proceed thereto^ confider of the beft

Method of

rai

n

Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufcs.

'A

CHERRIES
which are
raifed

are

commonly budded

or grafted on Cherry Stocks

from the Stones of the

common
Stocks

Black Cherry.

J^TLES
the Crab, as alfo

are grafted

on Crab
from

,

raifed

from the Kernels of

on Stocks

raifed
is

the Kernels
raft

of Apples, of which
to

that

called

the Taradice,

the beft to

on

make Trees of

fmall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early

'PEARS

The

Fruit
*% t

A R D EN

(llujlrated,

TEARS
the
ild wna

^

are

raft e

upon Pear

Srocks, raifed
alfo,

from the Kernels of from Cuttings

Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks
«r

raifed

or Layers.
light,

Thofe Pears

that
5

are

r aft e

on Pear

Stocks^, are

bed

for

mellow,

warm

Soils

and thofe on Quince

Stocks,

r

wet and

cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on

Quinces then on Pear Stocks

:

&

contra.

TEARS
*

may
the

be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the
is

Laurel, but

Fruit

n othim

the better^

and pradis'd more

for

Cutiofity than Ufe.

AT RICO TS and Thmh are both
by
Inoculation, the latter

rais'd

on Plumb

Stocks, thefirft

by

Grafting,

TEACHES
on Peach
Stocks^

and Ne^arines

are propagated

by

Inoculation, either

Almond

Stocks,

Mufde, White Pear-Plumb, an dSt.
Stocks, are beft for hot
are
are

Julian Stocks.
light

Thofe on Peach and Almond

Lands, and the

Plumb

Stocks

for thofe

that

more
very

ftrong and
diffi cu

cold.

But

there

are

many

Sorts of Peaches that

to
the

make

take on either Peach or
5

Plumb

Stock,
cJ

that will very eafily
rious,

on

Apricot

mm en
firft

That

all their

Trees, which they intend to be of the
lines

beft

Kind of Peaches and Neda-

be

made

Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded
that they defire to

with the feveral Kinds of Peaches

have plenty of

Kcmds Sy^nd TONE RRT-S C HE
be laid thin and well dry'd y
foon as

oi Cr2hs and Pears, fliould

n

firft

of the

Pulp s

3

and

as

they permit^ will Winter the of the Moifture
well-prepar'd

fliould be fo

wn
and

Beds o

Mould j

that

is

.

in Nature moderately

a thick Inches two about /fine-.Mould, with d being moift Winter the from them prcferve to that, over Dung good Coat of rotten

/

Cold, during

their

Germination.

YOU

mu

not forg

to

fet

a

fuflScient

Number
e

of Traps for the

catching of Mice, which

othervvife will

deftroy

Kernels
the Frofts

and

dif>

appolnt you of your Hop

And

in

March, when

%

and

O MON
take on, coming Spring and the

Or 7
the

away

Dung, and
Plumes may
-

ive

the Surface

a gentle Houghing
the fame.

over^ that their tender

eafily rife thro'

.

IF

e

Weather proves

ry

durin
to

the

Months of March, Jpril and
V

May^ Will be very proper
peded

give

them moderate Refrefhings of
is

Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one
to do, that
is

ex

a Lover of Gardening.

WHEN
from each

the

young Seedlings
Pipe in
eir

are

arrived

to the Magnitude of

common Tobacco

Stems, they fhould be tranfolanted o
i

of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at
other, in Lines three Feet afunder
5

8 Inches Diftance

for then,

by having a

free

alway
f(

culating

abo

the

m

)

they wi
gether,

ecome Trees much
after

than

when

planted
5

very

clofe

the

common

Manner

ufed in Nurferies

where, for want of a

free

drying circulating
Sap,

Air, they cannot perfpire

away the Crudit

o

their

and confe

quently cannot thrive

WHEN
half
Inoculation,

the Stocks o

young Plantation

are arrived to about

Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are

or Graft

m

an

The

firfl:

Operation

being to

e

F

orm

February

and March, znd

the other ia

June and July

THE
Fru

whole Care of

thefe

Worf

y

is,

to

take

Cuttings of fuch

we would
an

propagate, from Branches that

a healthy and

fruitful State,

not

rom

fuch as are luxurious, which will not pro5

duce any Fruit under a very long time
are the beft.

and thofe

Year's

Growth

TIS
Month
confirm

/

bfolutely neceflary to

e

o

Cuttings for Grafting

full

before they are grafted, that, being fomething checks, they

may

greedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as foon as grafted,
their

and thereby

Unions

inftantly,

which Grafts that
do, becaufe

are cut

from a Tree

the Inftanc of Graftin

g
?

then they are as re
ftead of ftrongly attrafting

with Moifture as the Stock
its

and

therefore

Juices^ inftantly perifli.

^

BUT
\

The
\

Fruit-Garden
4

lUuftratei

V
Month

BUT
befo re
are to
e
lie

tho

a

e

e
p

king of Curting
ic

om
e

Trees

Time

of Graft

muft

dcrftood that they

out of the Earth

all

that

T

mufi:

be

with their
well

Ends
dofed a

about three or four Inches in Length,

in the Earth,

under a North Wall,

until

Du immediately ufc
t

them

at the

Time

of Grafcin

CHERRIES ^i\i ^lumhsiixc
th,

the

firft Fruits

we" begin

grafting

which
3

is

generally about the Middle of Fehhia

Pears abou

Beginning
is

an

Apples the Middle or

End
5

of March,
y

hen the Sap

a httle rarified
rife freely

by

the Heat of the Spring
the

th

fodn as the Bark
I-

win

from
arc

Wood.
?
\
i

K

\.\

THERE
large
5

feveral

Ways of

Grafting Fruit-Trdes5

fome bein

proper for Stocks that are fmall: others for thole that are

mo deratcly
, i

and

laftly J

others for Trees that are very largely
^

grown.
*
-^

j

-

I

THE
J

feveral

Methods of Grafting

maybe

reduc'd

to

three, n)i%.
5

1

Whip

or Spltce Grafting^ proper for Stocks of the fmalleft Size
Stocks of a middle Size
5

idly, Stock Grafting^ proper

and

laftly

)

Kind

^'" Trees tha c are largely Grafting^ P'^^P^
vii
I

grown
M

THE
Knife that

flary

Inftruments

r

thefe

Works^

are,

^ very good
5

cuts

very mooth and clean for cutting the Cions
:

a

00

with Stocks head the to for Knife Pruning' ftrong

a

Saw

to cut ofFfuch

Branches
"%

as are too lar e for the Knife

5

a Grafting- Chizel for opening
ac

the Cleft
-I-

Stocks, whiift the

C

A

good Quantity

found Bafs'Matting

with well-prepar'd

Loam,
their

well mix'd with fhort

Horfe-dung
IS

5

and Wood-aflies^ to work

Hands when
cl-

the

Loam

little

too moift or

clammy
every thin^ t»
in
readinefs for

BEING
much
the better
felf.

prepar'd

is

Work

5

but

Way

to have a

Boy

or

Man

to

loam

after

you, than

loam your

I

TREES

\

L

< V

38^

MON

A; Or

7

t

TREES

that
5

are

intended for Standards, mufl: be bedded at about
5

five ItGt high

half Standards at three Feet

and Wall-Trees

at fix

or

eight Inches

above Ground.
4

THE
Cion,

Manner pf

Spl ce-Gfkftjn

ed

Whip.Grafting)

IS

per

rm
in the 1
k

mak in
(as

an oblique Sedion.
the Section c^ Fig,
3

or

flop in
I.)

Cut
Slit

like

a Pen J

I.

¥Iate

with a

upwards rrom nea

the Bottoni
fit

tlien

having cut^a Tmall Part'dut of 'the

Top
7

of the Stock
a

for the Reception of the
Slit therein,

C
^Slit

the inward

Sed
Cion a

Fig AY, wi
y
»

downright

as
/=

place thereon the.

as the Si

of the Cion 5 bein
Fig,
III.

may

lower Part of the Cion y be exadly fmooth with the lower Part of the Cut the
e

of the Stock y

Stock at t^Fig.lY'

And if it
as

happens that the Breadth of the Stock ^ ^
.1

is

greater

than the Breadth of the Cion, be fure that you pi
Side

the

Cion

of

the Stock i
5

for their Barks

lie

xadly fmooth and even

with each other
each

for

then
eafier

Sap-VeiTels being pla^'d dire<5lly over
unite
ether
fit

other, they

can
in

If

when you have
you
mufi:.

placed your

Cion

the St3ck, they

do not

clofe together,

with-'Bafs-Mat, bind

them

clofe, fo

that the

Wet

or Air cannot get
alfo be careful
r

petween, and difunite their Union?
the

You

muft

fee

m
3

well loamed
that
it is

that the

Loam

is

well clo/ed at the
it

Tops and Bot
to
fall

toms

not put on too
'tis

w

t

y

which wi
all its Parts,

imme

diately,

and
t^

that

well work'd in

fo as to

have no Cracks

therein
I
•

4

C

WHEN
to cut
it

you head down a Stock

for Grafti;ig,

you muft be

careful
free

off at a Place
7

wh :re

the

Bark

is

pes-fedly fmooth,

and

fiom Canle
*.

Mois s,

&,
cut your Cuttings or
at leaft

v

M
bfolutely neceffary that
I.

TIS
Bud,

Cion
it

againfl;
fi

as at hy Fig.

and

that

you have

two others above

or

'tis

by
and

the attractive

Power of

the

Bud

7

that the Cions

draw Nouridiment

-»«

AND
I

The

FR

u

I

T"G A R

D^£ N

)

IRufiratel

B9

AND
Bud be
perfpire

'tis

alfo highly; neceflary that juft under

i\\s,

1 Giafc, as at /, >

left,

to attraft

Nourifhmenc

for, ,(^t
.

Suppprt o£ the Graft, "and

away

the Crudities thereof.

^'

^

IN May, when
rcleafe

i>

t

Cions are united, and have produced Shoots >
"

you muft

them of

their

Bandage,

'

(the Bafs with'

which you bound
Freedom, an
this

them) or otherwife they C&nnot

dilate themfelves'wich

confequently will not thrive fo well.
charge the Stocks of
to grow, to
r

You mull
as

alfo at

time

dif-

all theit Jateral

Branches, which' before were fuffer'd
faid.
V

draw

upi

the

Nourinimehc

)
i

STOCk
is

Grafting, or Grafting in the Cleft, moftly iifcd for Apples9
w

perfo rni

as follows:
^^^^^^^

^w

4^
I
*

r
lb

FIRST,
(as
q? ty

V^V

having determined your Pkcc* to

graft

at3

fit
it

your
ofiF

r ighc

Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning- Knife cue
Fig. IL
'I^Jate I.)
5

floping^

then placing your Foot at

/.

agalnfl:

the

Stock to keep
tally,

it ftedfaft,

fmooth down the Head of

the Stock

hohzbn
level^

as the
Ilf.

Line

/

j^,

fo will-tbc
done',

Head of your
Stock at
is

'Stock

become

as

i

Fig.

This being

apply the Edge df iyour Pruning^Kniffi
the
fo
/

downwards, -from* chc*»To
Mallet,

o
and

towards h^ and with

ft

make

the Cleft

i

hy

the Stock ready to receive the
-

Cion

qn'y Fig*

Y.'
^*

x
J
t

BUT

this

Work

of heading

down

the Stocks,

fmOothing,

an

cleaving them, (hoiild be done

by aoptber Hand^
fix

that

you may have
5

nothing to do but cut the Cions and

them

in the Stocks

which

perform ^s follows
?

:

-^

THE
Bud,
as at

Stocks being
zs

cleft,

you muft

therefore

cut

€

Ckm m

tnc

Form of a Wedge,
rriy

n

m Fig. V.

which rnuft always
5

e cut fronfi i

for

the Reafons aforefaid

and then with i Graftin
therein^ 10 as that their Barks

Ch:zel open the

Slit,

and place

the

Cion

may

be exactly even and fmooth*

6t/T

f
^

*

40

'V,

M

N

A: Or

?

BUT
uely,

if

the

Bottom or

the Cur, Part

of the Cion d^ were cut obeaficr
is

as at o Fig. VI.

they wOtild be
the

and

better^

placed

3

and•^

then being loamed^ as aforefeid,

Work

done.

WHEN
*

Stocks are

very Jarge, fo as not to be

cleft^

they mufl be
to

grafted in the Rind, an old

and
fliall
*
\

common Way,
omit

well

known

mo
s

Countrymen, and

therefore

that Defcription.

w

BESIDES
that
<

all

ele feverat

Ways of

Grafting

many
o

are

prad:is'd

in

Hertford and "Devonfhkey by the Propagator
"%

Cyder

Fruits,

which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there
i
\.

re left

out.

\

T

of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly ufed on Orange-Trees, I fliall therefi omit fince Culture of
fuch Exoticks are intended for another
' 'i

TrtE Manner

Work
f
-X

\-*>*

1

t

It*

I

O L U T A N C ON
I

or Budding

(atid^

indeed Grafting ^Ifo)
feeing the

is

much
per
3
1

fooner learned, and better underftood }

Op

form'd

a skilful Nurferyman, than

therefore to offer

any Diagrams of
:
f'

that

by Ten thoufand Words Kind would be needle fs.
:s

an
t

y

i

-

\.

BUT

however

it

may n t be
1

amifs if

I

fliould fpeak a

Word
4

two

relation to the proper Seafons, Choice
r

of Cuttings,

&
i^

THE
'>

Seafon

for

g

Trees

is,

from the middl
rifes

of

June

to about the middle of Ju/y, whilft the Bark
5
1

freely

Wood

from the

the Weather

is

cloudy and wee,

'tis

fo

much

the better

becaufe,

that whilft the Operations are performing, the Sap,

both of the

Bud and
happ

Stock, are not prcjudic'd

by Heat

?

And

therefore if the Seafon

be dry, the only Times of the Day for early in a Morning, and late in ati Even juft before the Horizon n
"\

Work
the
«v

IS,
is

very

Sun

below

X ^^ 9\
'*.

*
'.

^TIS
fu!

as necefl-aryto

be curious
as

in the

Choice of Cuttings from
faid

fruit

Branches for Inoculation >

was before

for

Grafti n

g5

but
thefe

^

I

The

Fruit-Gard?n
*

Illujlrated.

41
tlie

thefe for Inoculation

fhould be ufed as foon as

tlicy are
till

taken ftchi

Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh

i^fed

ONE
'tis

Bud

in

a Stock

much
fail

better

Way

to

g put two Buds

is

to

form a

00

Tree
"i T

a

but

in each Stock, left

one only

fhould

14

I

N

the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fliould be had to their

V

Buds, mz. That they ar^ not

Bloflbm-Buds y
as

which
efire

are

k

be in
late.

double J and never produce Shoots,

we

when we
ways
V
in
\

And

likewife

that

ey are not Shoots

the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Per/p
that are ftrong
1 >

but fuch
ree

always pofleflcd a

rculating

Air, and of the fame Year's Growtl

WHEN
Dilatation
:

three

eks or a

Month

IS

aft,

after Inoculation,

you

fhould releafe them of their Bandage,

that

the Stock

may
If that Part
'tis

a free

And

very appear will they taken, if your Buds have

plump
of the

and of

their natural
is

Col

7
/

as

when
the

firft

put
ro

in.

Leaf which

left

to the
7

Eye pf
but
is

Bud

off freely,

good
tis

%

that they are united

if it

withers and fticks firm thereto,

the that Sign certain a

Bud

jy ing

or dead

IN

Fehruaryj after

Inocul

5

you muft

ey your Stocks,
off,

and

thofe that have their
that them, above
in

Buds perfed muft be headed

about three Inches
the Stock
firft

March

the

whole Nourifliment of
the

may

the to applied be fully

Growth o

Bud, which the

Year wi

and confiderable, be very
difplac'd

efpecially if a

the lateral Shoots of the Stock

when

they

ppear

THE
Pears,

and Orange^ Mafculine,
3

Romm Ap
it

J

are the

firft

Fruits
->

inoculated be fhould that

and

after

them. Cherries, Peaches, Plu mbs
taKe you tak
the

&c. And

it

often happens, that

Advantage o

Seafon, the of the Beginning

you may,

bef(
firft

the Seafon
Inoculat

Re

your at miffed have inoculate fuch that
\

M
%

"PEACH

'-.

^

,

'

42

k

M

N

A: Or

)
•-»

p.

TEACH
after
till

Stocks are generally large enoug
fet
3

to

raft the

firft

Year
not

their

Kernels are

but Cherry Stocks, Plum
till

Stocks 3

&c.

the third Year^

and fometimes not

the fourth.

THE
Parts of

next Spring
e

after

the

Buds have
left

m ad e
e

their

Shoots, thofe

Stocks

w hich

were

a bove
1

Buds ?

ould be cut

away
fuet.

clofe to the

Bud, and cover'd
an
L

a Salve
dirciSl:

m ad e
my

o

Mutton
on
the

Bees- wax )

Rofi in J

as

fliall

in

Chapter

Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees^ to preferve the Stock
Injuries

rom

of Wet, which

\s

oftentimes deftrudive to them.

V.

'^

i-^
\ t

'*

\

,a^

ki^-l^ -

3,

>

*r-

/

\

Tlje

R.

u

I

T-G

A

R.

D EN

Jllujlrated.

43

y

H
f

VIIl
and

«

Of

ASPECTS
IS

AcciDENts

very unreafonable to expedt that two South, or Eaft,
Walls, in the fame Laticude, planted with the fame
arid
Fruits,

&c.
\

of the fame Age
as

Goodnefs, ftiould produce Fruits equally
Soil

good and

early,

when^ the

of the one

U

a moderate, lighCj

%

warm Loam,

and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay.
•i<-

THESE
and

different

Natures and

Qiialities in Soils dre feldoni confidcr'd f
Soils,

therefore

when good Kinds

of Fruits are planted in bad

of in

Soils^ whole Principles are diiproportion^d

to thofe of the Fruits, they are
elfe the

either faid to

be bad Kinds_, (tKo' naturalfy rcry good) or
is

Judg

ment o f

the Gardener
the

condemned, notwithftanding
Sort, as Gardeners ate

that

he

may

happen to be one of

bed

now a-Day

AND when
meet
together,

it falls

out thatrbad Soil and a bad Gardener hapberi to
is

which

the very

Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro'out

Enghndy

then the Produdion muft confecjuently be very bad.

HAVE
Soils

known fome

Eaft,

and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe
arid
earlier

have been very kind,

produce better

Peaches

and

Cherries, than

fbme South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe
:

Soils

have been

very wet and cold
Soils,
'tis

Therefore

when People h^ve good
any good
firft

Afped:s and bad

impoffible they can have
Fruits,

Fruits

:

Hence
Soil_,

it

appears,
if,

that to

have good
it

wc muft

confult our

and

upon

Examination,

appears to be incapable of the Produdions
is

we exped.
that

why

then our only Bufinefs

to help

Nature

in

the

beft

Manner

our Place and Conveniency will permit

2

THUS

\

^
J

-#

*
*
•

V
1

- _

\

THUS much
SINGE
Leaves 3
in

for the difFerent

Natures of

Soils

5

now

I will

proceed

to ipeak jfoxnething in relation to Afpe(a5 in general

that

Mr. Hales

in

his

Vegetabk Statkh.

27. has fliewn
at their

the Probability of Rains

and Dews being imbibed by Vegetables
crude Part
3

which

are

many

which

when

confin'd
3

m

or

two

great a Quantity, are injurious

to the

Growth of Trees

we
In

muft

therefore confider

of fuch Afpeds, that will admit the Sun
prejudicial.

fluence to diffipate

them before they become
1

THESE
Walls, which
for
laft
i

Crud ties
lafl:

are foft diffipated

from

the Eaft

and South- Eaft

declining about
Fruits:

20 Degrees,
is

is

the yery beft

Afped
t

mpft Kinds of

Next
as

to this

the South

and South- Weft

and

of

all

e

Weft

And

the South- Weft and

Weft Afpeds

retain

the Crudities

of the

Dew

longer in the

Day (which

oftentimes chills the

Pruits) than the South-Eaft

and South, fo

are their Fruits

of a lower

Flavour, and later ripe

THE
about
tho/e

Weft Afpea
Clock

receives the

Sun when ns paft the Meridian

'VtZ

Crud
3

which being late in the Day, do thereibre remain a long while before they are diftherefore that the Fruits

(tho' very obliquely)

perfed

and

'tis

of

Weft Afped:

are

eighth

Days

later in ripening,

than thofe of the South-Eaft and South
9

I.

DIRECT
3

Eaft Walls have the Crudities of the
little

Dew
at

foon
T

diffi

pated

but then they have but
oblicjue,

of the Sun
little,

for

eleven
after

the

Rays become very
at

and the Heat very

and foon

none

h

B UT

a dired Eaft Wall

is

far

preferabl

to
it,

direa;

Weft WallJ
It

becaufe the Heat of the

Day comes

gradually
is

on

and leaves

Its

Meridian of Heat

^

but a Weft Wall

only favour'd in the Viol

of the Heat
there
3

the Obliquity of the
the

Sun

Ray

as they firft
if

fall

which caufe
fall direia

Heat to be much more gradual, than
firft

they

at their
W
w-

Onfet

'

.

'-

*»%.

z

WHEN

"h

'm.

/

:

-fli-

4.

4^

t

The

Fr U I T-G
r

A R D E
IV
,

N

%^

lUuJirated.
>

•45
J*

4

WHEN fudden Heat comes
Nourifli
r

on

Fruits,

it

flitinks their
"o

Sap-VefTels,

d confequenrly they cannot Imbibe and

great a Quantity of
:

This

is

the Cafe of dired

Weft
tha

^^alls
:i

and

'tis

therefore

->

..*•

F

are lelTer

m

^Tag^itud

thofe of the South

and

South-Eaft >

ich receive their

Heat by Deg
I
4

T
ft

I

S obfervable that
Seafon,
is

Evg!aj7d
in the

ft

Part of the

Day

in tl

Summer

about two or three
as

Afternoon
y

the Heat

o
3

ery great,

to exl la e
all

mor
the

Moifture th

an

fequently at
5

fuch

Times

Goodnefs of Fru
our

is

greatly diminidi'd

therefore

when we h
of the Day,

Power

to

make our own Choice, we
fuch J

fhould chufc fuch an Afped, whofe S >
it

that very hot Part

(liould

be difcharacd

of that violent Heat

NOW
the Sun
is

feeing that the

Part of the
it

Day

generally happens whcii
at
5

nearly South-Weft,

therefore follows, that
J

that
for

time a
as

South-Eaft Wall, declining

20 Degi

is

nearly fhaded

the
e

Ray

are

then very obliq
J

they ha ve not fo great a
ft

Powet on

Sap-Veffel

as

to

away
[tj;s,

a

more than ordinary Quantity
Aiped,
decl

Moifture

:

A
Deg

rom
7

ence

jliac a South-Eaft
ers.

ab

the very bcft of

THIS
when
Day,

being judicioufly confider

very eafy to account for the

Reafons of a South-Eaft being better than a dired South Afpcd
the South-Eaft

For

Afped

is

difcharged from the extreme Heat of the
is
ftill

the dired South

Afped

expofed to
fl'el

it,

whereby

its

Fru

oftentimes injur'd,

by having

their

Sap

dried

by

the extraordinary

Heat thereof

NORTH

Afpe6bs, in

warm Summers^

will

produce good Plumbs 9

d Duke Cherries, when thofe of th

Eaft, South,

and Weft Wall s

arc

c

one. and Morello Cherries alfo.

NORTH- Weft and
Apricots
5

South- Weft Walls are obferv'd to produce good

and,

if I

may

be allowed to fpeak

my Op

}

much b
Heac

than a South Wall, (tho' not fo early) becaufe that the extraordinary

N
1

;

A

'

k

'

».

* H-

^A
'

4

I

*

i

m.

»

•;

46
Heat of a South Wall
ripe,
lefler

M
caufes

'

N

A: Or

?

them to be mellow and meally

as

foon as
-'

which they are found not to be
Heat.

when planted

againft

Afpeds of

SOUTH

Afpeds

are only liabl

too

much Heat

in the latter Part

of the Day, as before obferv'd.

EASTERN
Wind
;,

Afpe6ls are on ly
r

liabl e

to

dry in

cold Eafterly

which being of a very

exhaling Nature,
:c

do oftentimes
Fruits,

exhauft too great a Quantity of Moifl:

from the Bloffoms of

whereby they

perifh.

THE
thefe

Weft Walls being
are therefore

fully defended
fruitful
5

from the exhaling Nature of

Winds,

more

but they are fully expofed to
are rather

the Weftern
judicial to

Winds

that

blow

in the

Autumn^ which

more pre

Standard than Wall Trees.

f

\

*

HAP.
j»

*"•

i
'^^V

;t

%
.•

«
I .
*.

-f

The

FrUIT-G ARD EN

JUujirat ed.

%

47

•

*

*

IX.

Of

the

Manner

Planting

Fores t-T r

e e s>

to

defend

Plantations of fruits from the

Injuries

North

9

and Weji W^inds.

HE

moft proper Kinds of Trees

for

this

Purpoft, arc the

Lime-Tree, the Eiiglifi and ^utch Elms, Horfc-ChcfnutSj
Abel es >
Poplars
>

&c.
to prepare the Soil
frefli
fit

M

THE
d
if
it

firft

Work

to be done,

is

to pla

happens to be naturally a good
Tuffi cient,

deep

Loam >
to pla

com

mon

Trenching~is

being
is

p

orm

as early

the Winter

which permit, will Seafon the

alfo the beft

Time

'

BUT

if

your Land

is

poor, then you mufl: help
then

it

with

frcfli

Earth ?
\

Compoft, &c. and
V

perfectly barren,

you

mufl: fink Holes of
i

Feet Diameter,

two

Feet
frelli

Depth^ taking away the barren Earth,
untried Earth,

mak e good
ded

a
firfl:

Compoft, &c,

as

recom

in the

Chapter hereof.

SOMETIMES
next
\

it

happens that the
•>

firfl:

Sp

IS

cryg ood, and

the
IS

ood

noth in

which

is

much

better than
frefli

wh

e

whole

bad

becaufe then the

lefler

Addition of

Earth,

&

will fufEcc

BEFORE
the

you

your Trees y

the

Turf
g a

at the

Bottom of
A
-

Hole

bei.-^

chopp'd very fmall
the

llnall Hill

of fine

fiefh

Earth where

Tree

is

to be

plac'd,

bed the Roots therein >
be

carefully fill in
I

about well them dofe and

all their Parts, that there

hollow
y-f

H

*

4

'i

>^

"-

^

M
hollow Places
oftentimes
is

N

*t'

\.

H

Or

*.*

>

-»

left,

where the Earth cannot
>-

clofe

about

their

Roots, which

the

Death of

many

fine Trees.
'-n

THE
reat

Method of Planting Trees

in

Pap,

much
e

pradis'd

that

Encourager of Planting and Gardening,
is

Honourable James
the well

Johnfon of Twckenham^

a

very fure

Way
,

for

mixin

of

Earth about every fmall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe

Moiflure with great Force.

.

WHEN Lands are
hot
>.

wet and cold, plant fhallow, and

in the

Spring

5

r

y

or moderately moift, a moderate Depth, as and y
\

foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will perrnit
^^
'

>

THE Diftance that
or

thefe Plantations

of Defence fhould be

om

the

Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about yo or 6 o Feet >

more

if
-

your Land will permit.
i-.

T H E R Diftances
I

in the

Rows may be
clofer

lo, 12, 15, ao, c^c. Feet )
together Trees are planted >

r as

have already proved that the
afpirein Height^

the

more they

&c,

therefore the nearer they are planted y

the fooner they will
^-.

become

ufcful.

BUT
left

k

will

be

convenient
5

that

between every

Row

there be
free

a

fufficient

Difta

that

their

lower Branche
fat

may
wi

enjoy a
Sap, for

drying Air, or other wife they will become
ration, and thereby of free Perfpiration,
is

want

perifli.

Forty or

fifty

Feet between each

fufficient

for

Englijh Elms,
J

Lime
60

Trees, Horfe Chefnuts,

^c.

for

Abel

)

Popla

Withy,

&.
r

70

Feet,

which

laft

fhould

be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others
not thrive
\

w

IF
5

the Situation of

Clefts,

c^i

Part of your

Garden

more than ordinary expos'd
them,
is

to violent

Winds, the beft

Way
to

to guard

gainfl:

to plant

Clumps

or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that
fo as

are

moft natural to the

Soil,
it

at proper Diftances,

deftroy the

Violence thereof before

reaches our Fruit-Garden.

THE
^

%

r

a
h

The

R u

it-Gar den
-*

lUuJirated.
^

4P

THE

Advice
lateral

b/

Auth or of the Reitrd Garde
at their

)

for

Pruning off the

Branches of the Heads of Forcft-Trees
is

T
fo

f Plantings to Pyramidical Shapes,
off,

entirely wroncT

.

for thofc

Arms

are ever after as fo

veymg Rains

into the

many Conduits Trunk > which V ery

or Pipes, imbibincr
often caufe their

Death

AN D
thofe Trees
t

(as
5

he very
therefore
in

juftly obferves)

ns alfo very prejudicial to

Head

v^e great
3

hope

for Succefs in
as

thefe Plantations, pre

/

ferve

the

Roots

as

a Quantity
all

poffible,

mix and

clofe the

Earth well about them
their

cut clofe
I

Side Branches^
1*

and

carefully prcfcrvc
*^'
I
'.,

Heads.

»

f
careful of fecuring

WHEN
the

your Trees 1 rees are planted, be

them With

Stake s > from the Infults of

Wind and

Cattle,

and cover

the Surface of

Ground

three or four Inches thick, for about

two or

three Feet about
eir

their Sterns^

wi

long Horfe-d

Fern, cV, e>
/

to prefer
in

Roo

from the

Inj

of Cold

in the Winter,

and Heat

the

Summer
or four

And

i

thefe

Covering

were
very

d with Earth abo

three

Inches thick,

'twould add

much

to

the

Prefervation

of

the

Trees.

THE maJcing of
being natural to every Garde

bout the Stem of everV new-planted

T

y

/ay nothing thereof 5 but if the

March and

Jpril^ after planting, (hould be very dry

m uft
*> 4*

recom

mend

to his Care J

be well water'd J
Perfpiration, at that time

lead once a Week, to

fupply the Expen

when

their tender Fibres
^
:-

feeking out for proper Nouridiment
#E

s

c
I

v^ir

/

.

*>':

5°
*

M

N

A: Or

?

^.y^'^

1

Jr •
v

Jy.

the Velocity Of

wherewith Nourilhment

enters the Roots

Fru it-Trees:
^ranfplanttng.

and the Reafons and Manner

Pruning their Roots and Heads at the ^ime

HE

Reafon that Gardeners give. for reducing the Heads of
at the

Trees

Time

of Planting,

is

very juftj for thev fay,

i

they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport
caufe that in taking
bei
lefs

them > be

them up many
lefs

are cut

and broke

off,

and thereby,

in Quantity, are

able to imbibe Nourifliment for their

Supprt, and confequently
'ij

fliould

be propor tionabl y reduced

OF
Time

this

likewife all our

famous Authors on Gardening, from the

Adam
3

to

this

prefent

Moment,

take Notice, and fay that J
their

for the afotefaid

Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be reduced at

Planting

but not one of them as yet has ever atTempced to lay

down

a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than
fay
it

muft be
here

fo.

But

fince

Demonftration

is

undeniable and felf-evidenr.
I

fliall

communicate two Experiments which

made

this

Summer,

that will demonftrate the

Truth

thereof,

and lead the Curious in Planting

into a reafonable

and demonftrable Method of Pruning.
/

y
I

IME NT
that

M A D E Choice of a Roman Neftarine Tree,
hofe Leaves

was

in a thriving
•

State >

were nearly equal, which
z

I

numbered, and found

them

)

6

.

n^e
them to
at i

F R u I T-G
'^

AR DEN

IJluJlrated.

5»
Lines,

6m
and

:

Then on

a Piece of Paper

I

drew

parallel

of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa^
alfo others

&c. Fig.Wh
Right Angles
Squares >

^late

at the fame
conftitutin

a rail el Diftance, at
little

to the former, as b by

&c.

Geometrical

each

containing

T5-

Part of an Inch.

1

THIS
the
little

being done

laid

one of the Leaves thereon, and wth

Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering
Squares withi
that
1
r.

ed
3

their

Number

to

be

6,

which being divided by

gives fquare Inches

7

\

16)1 16(7 i

112
remains > equal to
4

or

i

Nl

B.

WHE N the
3

Leaves of a VJant are of
mufi

different

Magmtudi
as

y

fwhkh generally happens^ they
different Parcels

be feparated into

many

and then meafuring the Surface of
the

one in

Parcel, and
follows

knomng

Number of Leaves

therein^

may proceed

THE
2

Number of
is

Leaves on

the

12,

being

multiplied

the double Content of

Surface, (becaufe their Per

fpiration

pe form'd

well

by

the under, as the upper Part of the
all the

of the Area be will Produ6l the and Leaf)

Leaves

6ii

Z448
06
-^

8874

Leaves, the of Area the fquare Inches,

HAVING
Moifture
is

Leaves the of Surface the thus obtain d

whereat

eu:

perfpired

away,

Surfac the find^ I then proceeded to
it.

of

their

received and imbibed Roots^ where they

the Analogy whatever For
Surface
-*

dtt

*i-

52
Surface of the
their Leaves,

M
%

N
and
perfp'ring

Or

7

Roots of every Plant naturally bears to the Surface of
fo are their imbibing

Powers proportionable

3

and according to thofe Proportions

muft

the

Heads of Plants be
^

reduced,,

when

tranlplanted.

)
V

DUG
felves

up the Nectarine Tree
;s

carefully,

and preferv'd

all its

Roc

(the very Fib

excepted)

had five main Roots^ extending the
about
ree

m

nea

horizontally
lateral

or four

Feet
:

from the
Girts

Stem,-

with

many

Roots of
at

different

Lengths

The

of each
an
J 4

o
the

the

main Roots,

the

Body of
three Feet
I

the Tree,
1

were

Inches
3

Length of each bein
IS

5

therefore multiplying
-

6 Inches ?
being

w hich

e qua]

Feet}

T

>

the half Girt at the

Stem>

ical,

the Produ(5l wil!"be the Surface

of

main Root

'.*i*.

t

I
-

^. »r

-

I

v..

Produa

^

-

54

Iquare Inches,
the

<
T*

Which

multiply again

Number of main Roots
V

t

Produd
main Roots.
Each main
Girt.

ifo

fquare Inches

the Surface o
otlier)

five
lateral

Ro
at e

had (one with the

o 4J

Roots, whofe mean
rge ,ones next
the

main Root was half 2 Inch (the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and
of the main Roots ?
Girt thro'out).
4

thofe at the extreme Part
is

of an Inch, whofe half
of the largeft
5

half an Inch, the

mean
fhorteil,

The Length

and longed ot
the
fmalleft
is

thefe lateral

Roots was each about nine Inches
about three Inches
J*-

and of

and

i

therefore their
lateral

mean
Pro

Length

fix Inches.

Now 430,

the

Number
gtther
^.

of

Roots on on
the

main Root, being multipHed by 6
dud: will be
their

Inches, their

mean Length,

whole Length taken

*

o 4J
^

Produd
teral
I

2580
V
J--

the

whole Length of
4W

all

the la

Root, belonging to one main Root;
fr
I

rf

2

NOW

The F R u

I

t-G A R b E N

/--

-

JUufirated.
-1,

53
4

NOW
mean
l^rodudt

as their

Length
Inth,

is

found to

Inches,
>

and

their

Girt half an

therefore

muhiply

o t, an

win be the Area of
>

their Surfaces.
\
f

r^

2580
o
-^
f'^f

;

o
t

-

4
.n
r

Produdt
r

645

fcjuare Indies, the

Area required

i_

AND
the

as

each of the bther main Roots ha3 the fame Quantity
w

fmall Roots, therefore multiply (J4J,

9

and the ProduA will be

whole Area of the

lateral

Roots;

<545

V

Pr • « ud

J

322J
this

^uare Inches, the whole Area of the

laterkl

Roots;

TO

add the Area of the

five

main Roots, and

their

Sun^ will

be the Area of the whole Root required.

The Area of The Area of Sum
!So that

the

main Roots

the lateral Roots

3225
3495
fquare Inches

now

the

Area ©f

the

whole Plant,

is

in

its

Leaves

8874
34?J

And
I

Roots
i^kj:

F we

divide the Area

of the Leaves,

by

the

of the Roots, th€

Quotient

will difcover their

Analogy to each other

3495)8874(i

S?9T

1884
being redu(?'d to
its

remains, cqual to
is

which

m

lowcft Denomination y^ff,

fomcthing more than

h

m

NOW

f

\'

I

^

«

\

54f

MON

A^ Orr
\
'

T^

^

*
^#»
/,

NOW

fin ce that the Surfaces
leis are full 1 than s
is

of the Roots
the Surface

,!

where
L

NOqrifliMent
r"

>

im bibed 5
Perfpiration

o

L

s,

where

performed

5

it

therefore follows, that' the; Velocity 'wjth

which Moifture
iration.

enters the Roots, mufl:

be 4 greater than that of Per-

r
•
ff

HENCE
great

it

is

that the Roots of

J

wh o

upper Part s

Growth s,

fliould be preferv'd in as great

an Abundance aspoffible 3
a

and we
the

are hereby taught the
'

Time of Planting.
fince

Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants ^
.

,

.

,

,

W
?

^
I

!*•

*

r>

1
*
«
?

FOR

the
all perfe6t

Head of
and
its

this

Tree

iri its

natural

Growth 7 when

Roots were

fix

d

in the Earth, did then
^

make

fuch

Demand of
the

Moifture for
3

common
its

Support, that caufed the Velocity
5

Roots to b

greater

than in the Leaves

we may from

the

conclude,

That
r 1

the reducing

Head
«
-cv

at

tlie^TimeV Planting was abfd
r

lutely neceffary
A

«1

.•

-^

^^-\
i-A

>

C;

It

T

IN
a lefler
z

this

very Point of Planting

many
at

Pe'5|)le

are

much
not

out

that reducing the

Heads of Trees
ey
Je/7

firft

Planting, caufes

them
A

to have

Appearance th^n

d

chcicfore will
5

fuffer

the

reduced proportionabl e to their Roots

fo that they either
for

remain

decaying languilhing State

much

reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture

«

ftantly die

Roots being
fufficient for

the

Support of their Heads, which ar e'lhen in too great a Quantity.
r

Therefore
anting,
their
1 *

tis

always to be remembred, at the
\
V

Time of

Prunin

and

that the greater Proportion the

Area of the Roots bears to that of
will
«

Leaves, fo

much
of

the

more they

be enabled to imbibe- Nouriflhment

for the Support

vigorous in
w

its

which confequently will thereby be more Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons &c
*

the, Plant/

=

NOW
Sap,
pafs
foil

>

Confid
is

that this

Experiment has proved, that

which

the Life of Vegetables, (as

Blood

is

of Animals) muft
therefore
I

much

fwifter thro' the Surface
tis

of the Roots than Leaves

that

very reafonable, when Trees of any

Kind

of Nurferies,
in as great a

&c.

for tranfplanting, their
as
is

Roots fiiould be prefervM

Quantity

poffible; that

Nature

may

have the greateft
Liberty

^

'

i.

^

The
Liberty o

u .it-Garden
fufficicnt

Illuftrated.
^

imbibing Moifture

\ fb r
le

Supporc of ch5 th
to the

re

•

duced

The

onfideration hereof I

recommend
all

ftfiftus
f

Confidcration ofmyBrother'GardenersyZni indeed to
in the. Planting

others conceriied

t

of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, v hich are
herein.
v

ery often loft for

want of Judgment

,

*

THE
their

great

Want of
L

this

Difcovery has caufed the Death of

Thousand valuable

Plants, that have 'died

by be in

unskilfully pruned

Time

of Planting;

For Gard

have but one "Rule or
tliar tliey

Mecan

thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even
give

no manner
I

Reafon

i

f(

For

fuch a Queftion, their Anfwer Would be,
(C

be ask'd any one o them " Why I know it to be fo, my
diis

Father

Mafter did

u

t6

prune in

Manner.' and

their

a Trees feldom died, and I a them, with good Succefs
\

my
j

felf

have pradis'd the fame,
it

as tauc^ht
IS

by

I

know

by Exp

3

W hich
ff

the

be

it

Mafter

»

And/bon, without

confidering the great Demand of Nourifli

ment that Nature mal
according to their different
the

one Kind

f Vcge tabl
F

more

lan anotner >

im

Growths, which caufe

as' great
"r

a Differ

Manner of pruning
r

their

Roots
-ri*.-*"

f

J ^
^

I

AS
IT

for

Example
e

m
•^

is

obf(

Cabbage (which
its

is

a 'Vegetable
ery

of a quick
Force y
3

draws Ground) above Growth

Sap

w

a

compared who(( Vegetabl e with when few, but Roots being naturally flower) So much Growth Box 2)tiUh ) Roots are much more an quick Growth of a Plants That appears, it hence from that
have flhould Nature, imbibing
as
as
1^

much Root

allov»^'d

them,

at Planting
.-^'

po ffibl

:-1

ME Nr
*

^

<

MADE

a fecond Experiment

in

ke mannef on a Batterfe

and half about > Cabbage, that was g times twelve near Roots the of Surface the Leaves exceeded

of Surface the that found
3

its

fo that the

with Moifture imbibe Roots did planted been have to Cabbage-Plant that were And away. Leaves perfpir'd it

times the Velocity that the

reduced, proportionably been have muft Head the Leaves of the
as

I

»

I

X.

•

I

4<^

%**

O

M
tlie

N

•

^

Or^

vfe

I

as

12

is

to

rather as 15 to t, becaufc that"there 1, or rattier

is

a continual

Dc-

rmand of Nourifiiment by
\s

Head^ during

all

the

Time

that

Nacufe

preparing

its

new

fibrous Hoots^j to

ftrike fiefii

again into the Earth.

WE
their

may

obferve from
is

this

Experiment of the Cabbage,
i

'that

as

Growth

naturally very quick

nd great

and Roots fmall
is

in

Proportion to their Heads, (whereby

their

Nouriflhment

imbibed with
ticTi

great Velocity) the Soil wherein they ^re

planted fhotild be very
n

and

full

of Moifture
it

5

for :otherwife their
)

very great imbibing Force

V

would fbon exhauft
that

and thereby
CoHiflo

perifh.
>

And
)

^is

ways
are

en,

where-ever

CabbageSj
the

Savo)

&^

an ted J
in

they impoverifii

Ground very much,
5

altho' perhaps

twas

good
^j

Heart

at their firft plan

and
1*

the like

of

other'Plaats in

Prop

their

more or

lefs

Quantity of Roots

C

^E
plants
3

fliould

alfo

obfi

rite

various Diftribut

of the Roots of

or thereby
Soils
:

we

are in part diredted

how
—

to adapt

them

to -their

proper

Thus Nature

informs us

fhat the Flax,

Arbutus

Oak, and many

other Plants that naturally produce
5

Downright or 'fapothers, as the

Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands

and

Afh

Elm, Lime, c^r. who/e Roots run nearly horizontally within two and
L

three Feet Depth, love
-

Land

chac
*

is

rich

and fhallow.
tf .1

1^

-^

K

^

i-/

THE
the

different

Velocities of imbibing
'tis

and

perfpiring

Nourifiiment

being accounted

for,

very eafy to conceive the Reafons of pruning
at the
it is

Heads of Fruit-Trees

Time of
for them.

Planting, and that the

more

fliey are reduc'd,

the better

AND

9

has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they

ftriking

Root

therefor

*

that.

Moifture

is

abfolutely neceflary at-

Planting, to fuppoft

th^
3

until they are

enabled

attrad Nouriflhment
is

themfelves
the

3

which Moifture ought
or

to

be no more than

agreeable

tc

Nature of the Pla

have fcen
great a

many

Trees

kill'd

(and par;

ticularly Ever-greens)

by having too

Quantity of Moifture

thece

fcrc in

wet and cold Lands beware of deep Planting,
--*

«

t

THE

t

^'
[
I

'•

lb

t

.^'

The

F R u I T-G A R D E N
i-b

lUufiruted.

57

THE Scafons
the
firft in

for Planting Fruit-Trees, arc, October
that are moderately light

and Fehruary
laft in

5

Lands

and warm, the

Lands

that are cold
1.

and wet;

TREES
*

planted in light

warm
But
if

Soils, in 06lobefy or fooner

i

f

tl

Seafon permits, will ftrike

Root
:

before

the

Winter comes

an

VI

goroufly flioot in the Spring
"Very

Trees

are planted at that Seafi

wet and cold Lands,
chill

the too

much

Moifture will rot

Roots>

or at lead

them

fo very

much

that they very fcldom re
'1^

ALL
e

new

planted Trees^ of both Seafons of Planting, fliou Id be

water'd in

otherwife they

March and Apvil^ when thofe Months prove dry, or feldom make good Shoots the firfl: Year. 'Tis abfolutcly
in the
>

neceffary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at lead one Foot about the

Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac'd

Form of

aC u
r

J

the better to receive the

Water when any

is

given

which

Dung

not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but

communicates a Nourifliment

at watering alfo.

'

t

you plant Wall Trees, place their For Wirfi W^Ii, Inch thereof: an wjtnjn s ithi from or a Foot y by done as Is commonly clofe the Wall, planted to are Roots when their
out burft Bodies their Ignorant, the

WHEN

Roots about nine Inches

rom

le

fame

as they increafe in

Order. clofe handfome in kept a be cannot thereby Magnitude, and
V

THE

reduced the to be fliould at Planting Wall-Trees Heads of
*

firft

that becaufe Inoculation, Graft or Place of the four Side Buds, above

from four Shoots

we may form

a

good Tree.
as they begin to

ALL

as foon difplaced be fhould Buds forward
lie
r

fhoot, that thofe which

parallel to

the Wall,

may

receive the full

Benefit of the Nourifliment.
ff^

IF

the

firft

they have fortn'd four Buds,
to force

when luxurious, and ftrong very to be appear Shoots Nature oblige will which nip off their Ends,
at every

out a Branch

Bud, and

diftributing

the Sap

of

will they ones, fmall four each Branch in

become

fruitful,

and not luxu
nous i

Q.
)

i

O
rious, as they

M

O

N

Ory

would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in
/

one Shoot on

BEHIND
Tree^ there
^t Planting
is

the Place

of Inoculation, or of Graft
is

in every

Wall

a fmall Part of the Stock which

generally dead, ?

which
Wall
:

muft be

cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the
is

For

when

they are placeed outwards, as fometimes

done by unskilful
I

Planters, they imbibe
lliort

Wet, which oftentimes

rots the

Body of

the Stock

Time
y
.-'

i:

TIS
juries

absolutely necefTary

and very advantageous
referve

to cover the

Wounds
In

of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will
of

them from
;

Wet and

Cold.

Pound of

Rofin, a

The Compofition is as follows Take half a quarter of a Pound of Bees- wax, the fame Qiiantity
5

of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet

melt them together, and y
rels

when moderately

cool'd,

fo

as

to

be

liquid J

e

Wounds

with a

FeatKer, Brudi, c^c.

and no

Wer

or

Cold can

penetrate or injure

them

ALL

Wall Trees

budded

rafted very

low, fliould have

their Grafts,

whe n
this

planted J about

two
their

or three Inches above

Ground

but do not on
before deliver 'J

Account plant

Roots over dccp^ for the Reafons

T
or

^

I

S a Pradlice
i

among Gaid
let

with their whole Heads on, and

Peach-Trees in Oeiohr^ them remain fo until e February
>

to pi

March

following, and
5

then
for the

head them down,

which
••H

IS

doin

the

Trees a great Prejudice

Roots do not only imbibe a more than
out the Winter,
occafion'd

ordinary Quantity of Cruditic

by

the

attradive Force of the Head, but in the Spring

when

the Gardeners head

them down, the Tree
toy

is

difturb'd

Roots, which are th

prep

penetrating the Earth, and thereb
«

ftentimes deftroy'd

I

NEED
It
is

fince I

not fay any Thing more on the Roots of Fruk-Trees have already prov'd, that the more Roots a
to

Tree hath, the more
the

imbibe Nourifiim
,.

Therefore the whole Care in

Management of Roots,
poffible

that' they are bruifed

and

m

dirhinifli'd

as

up ?

that the

Number of
about

fmall Fibres be thinn'd
all their

difcretionally, fo as to let the Earth freely

Parts

;

that all
Bruifes

y

f

^
w-

/

/

The
Bruifes

Fruit-Garden

IJIufiratcd.

59
)
Jt.

be cut entirely away with a very fharp Knifi Root be regularly placed, with the Earth well clofed a bout

WHEN
place the

we
are

are to plant Trees for Efpaliers,

we muft

have regard

Buds of

the Trees parallel with the Efpalier, fo that

when

Sh

produced, they
5

may

lie

parallel

to the

fame J and be
all

afily nail'd thereto

and

here, as

well as in Wall Trees,

forward

Buds

are to

be

difplac'd,

and luxuriant Branches nip

at the fourth

Bud >

aforefaid

WHEN
-^

we

plant Fruit-Trees to maJce Dwarfs of
leaft four

wc
r

iTiould

head

out Trees at fuch Heights, fo as to have at

Buds nearly

a

Angles to one another, that thofe Shoots which they produce
the

may form

Head

defired.
4

THE

whole Management of Dwarf-Trees,
their Shoots, flopping

confifts in the

Manner o

Pruning the Ends of
as aforefaid,

the

Luxuriancy of Branches
other.
.^

and

the true Diftance of

one Branch from the
•f

NO W
Middl es,

as
"w/e

Dwarf-Trees

are defired to
» ^

grow with

Concavities

m

their

mu
when

der un an at Shoots leading prune their
is

Bud
and.

fo that

the next Shoot

produced,

it

may
:

fhoot outward y
if

thereby be conformable to the

Form

defired

But

you

cut at

and the inwards, deftroy Shoot will grow next the then Bud, upper an

Form

required*
ni ir

*
by obferving
the Situation of Buds, a Branch

H E NCE
may

it follows, that
fill

be produced to

up any Place

defired.
%

STANDARD-Trees
^tis

are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs
tlieir

5

and

much

better to cut in

Heads very
at

clofe,

than to plant them
as

very large.

If

we

are careful
all

to prune

under Buds,

direded for

Dwarfs, and rub away
I .

inward Buds, other 1

we may

form very hand

b

fome Heads

in the firft Year.

THE
'

Standard-Trees
Fruits

are, fa that they

well rooted, the

better, and will produce
-

than Qiiantity, greater fooner, ahjd in
fuch

:

b '

60

MON
cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds,

A
&c.

Or)
i-.

provided planted, are ufually which Trees, fmall fuch

that

they are

•r

THE

Diflance o

Fruit Trees
iri

from one another^
3

is

a very material

Point to be confider'd
exhaufl:

Planting

for if

we
for

plant too near,

we

foon

our

Soil,
if

and deftroy our Trees,
plant too thin,

want of Air

for Perfpt
lefs

ration

5

and
5

we

we

fufFer
is

a Lofs by having
the beft.

than

we might

but of the

two

Evils the laft

PEA,R-Trees
Kinds, which

require
,

much Room
as tnc

ome to extend themfelves, an di;
Bon-cretien, and
I fliall

Kinds more than oth

Summer

many
if

other

when

I

come

to their Defcription

take Notice of 3

but in general

we may aflign 3 o

Feet for their Difta ice.

And

between

every two Trees

w

:

plant

two

others of different Kinds, as a

Plumb
the

and a Cherry, or a Peach and an
of the Pears require,

Ap

to be cut

away

as the Grovcth

we

fliall

have no Lofs in the Walling, dur

Time
\

of their Growth.

WHEN
Apricots,

we

plant entire Walls of Peaches, Cherries,

Plumbs, and

they

may be

placed at twelve, fourteen,

or fixteen Feet

Diflance, except the early fmall

May

Cherry, which need not be more
.

than eight Or ten fctt apart.

I
1

STANDARDS
at the leaft,

planted in the open Air, fliould be

jo Feet apart

but 35
is

is

much
nean

better,

and

if

you plant Dwarf-Trees between

them, ^40 Feet
very large, but

full

Thefe Diftances

may

appear to fome People
1

when
and

f

they confider the Neceffity of a free circulating Air
*

Perfpiration,

the Benefits of an under Crop, they will find the

4

Advantages thereof

#

N.

B.

IF the

Roots of Trees are very dry after taking up^ foal their

Roots for an
no more
the Water

Hour

or

tqsjo >

Vound of
their

Water, &c. hut immerge
attract
\

their Roots, that

Heads may Jlrongly

t

I

I

IF

^i

your Trees^ after tallng up, are to he fent any "Difiame^ le fure that you fecurely pack them up mth

e
n

I
#

Straw and Mats, from

the

Wind,s
i
1

t

^

.j

t^

I.

v,

The

Fruit-Garden
perifl:

Illujlrated.

61
Motji
ei

Wind.5 and Air, 'whkh oftentimes exhale away

all their

d

therely

IF Prop

present the "Planting of Trees after taling up, theyfljould

he kept in a

warm

Cellar^ Sec.

and

cover

d

c lofe

from the external

Air^ until the Frojls a

gone

^

an dth

foaling their Roots, plant

them as lefore

dire6ied,

HAVE
^antity

already
as can

advifed the preferring of Roots in as great a
at taking up^ at

h

which Time

I muft
Sec.

caution you

mt

toll

drawing or

wrenching,

hut

tale

Time, dig large deep Holes, and take them up with Care

WHE N you purchafe Trees from a Nurferyy
than that of the Nurfery^ and
and'obon^e firong
±

always olfcrve that the

Soil wherein you are to plant them^ le as good or rather better
efpecially if

your Trees

are, not

over^

5

but luxurious Trees being planted from a rich
<r
'

Nurfery into a poorer
^.

Soil^

are oftentimes

made fruitful

therely.

WHEN you are
Hand
very Jha\

to

prune the Roots of a Tree^ hold
5

it

in your left
a

with the Head behind you
the
the Tree

and then pruning them with

Or
ts

f

each Root will be placed

own

wards when

p
when
the Face of the

more Jlrongly

bibe Nouri/hmenty than
often

Cut

is

upward:

as

pra£iisd by%nskilful Gardeners.

'TIS

at the extreme 'Parts of the Roots,

where the Cut

is

madf, that

they

draw

freflo

Roots, which^ if bruifed in cutting with a bad

edged Knife^ or

mt
f
I

cut at all, putrijies

and

dies.

/

>B

61

\

M
%

N

A:

Or,

H

XL
after Plant ing
i

Of th Management ©/"Fruit -Trees
their SQ^{^on

and Manner of Pruning, Nailing, &c.

LTHO'

'tis

abfolutely necefTary that great Care fhould be takea
1

the Choice of Trees bef<

we

t

plant.

as well
eir

as

in

the

Preparation

o

Soi s i

Manner of Pruning

Heads and

Roots, and Planting

5

yet if they are not well governed afterwards, our
all

Labours and Expences are
J

loft.

Th

are

many Card
their
all

in
firft

£w^/^«i

that

have had the Management of Fruit-Trees from
it

Planting, and been very fuccefsful therein, but

has

en

mere

Accide

for there's not

one of them

all

Can account for any one

Op

ration they

do
w.

th
^

1

F we ask them why a Tree muft be pruned 3 bey anfwer as Mr. Wife and Mr. Carpenter have done^in their Retird Gard To keep
I

m

>

Oid

y

that the Fruits

may

iniur'd

or depriv'd of Nourifh
that
it

ment, by the fmall and luxurious
long Life
:

Wood
in

and

may

continue a
7

Which Reafons
>

tolerably

good were they
beft Prad]:ice J

but to their Misfort
fuffer

they alwa)

nly

fuch Sorts of injurious Shoots to be produc'd, but load Nature with fo great a Burthen of other Wood, that a few Years ab the irrecoverable Decay.

F

THIS I am
for,

will at

firft

be underftood by them
*'

as Self

to their great Misfort

no Sort of People breaching
EngllJIo Gardeners

o
\

vaftly conceited
therefore

and ignorant as moft of
all the

wh
)
1
I

imagine

World

to be like themfel

t

But howev

they
^
\ I

ft

I

t

J

r

H

fE.

i

.

I

*l^'

The
they can

Fr

U

I

T-G A

RD EN

Illufirated.

curb their

fuperficial

Imag
)

d coolly read they

as

to perfedly underftand the
difcover their lo
r

following Paragraph s y
">

plainly

dig

and be

led into a natural
to
^

and rea

fonable
all

Method of working, -whereby
leveral

they'll be enabled

account f
ith

Op

the

Management of

Fruit-Trces )

abundance of Pleafure and Certainty

THE

whole Management of Fruit-Trees

after

Planting,
Succefs.

may
^

be

re

duced to a very few Rules, and have the defired

UL
4

*»

DISPLACE
firft

all

forward Buds, by rubbin

the

m

off

wnen

they

appear, and then tht whole Nourifliment will be diftributed to the

neceffary Branches.
lie

By
and

ohferving this Rule,
he free
5

your

jtrees

will always

chfe to the Wall,

from the Snags, which are very difa-

greeahle and unprofitable

for whatever Fruits are produced in fuch Si

imtionSy are never letter than thofe on (Dwarfs or Standards.

VL

II.

WHEN

luxurious
;

them,
ni pping

when
o ffthe

each Branch contains four or five Buds in Len

leading Buds with your Finger Nails, which will caufe them to produce

new Branches from
three or fourj

every

Bud

that will

become
y

fruitful

5

for thatNourifh
dijlrihuted into

ment which Nature intended for one Branc

will

e

which

confequently cannot
:

he fo luxurious as
is

when wholly

imployd in one Branch

Therefore if this Rule

well ohfervd^

we need

never he troubled with luxurious Wood.

UL
-

1—

•>•-

III.

Shoots, and four three or produce Fruit-Trees IF
the

all

weak, difplace

two

weakeft, that the

whole Nourifhment
it

may

be wholly imbibed

by

the ftrongeft,

which

will enable

to

form a good Head,

UL
k

^

./

f

t

.••:

t

r

*

«/
Is

^

-

1

6±
/

M
UL

J

N

y

Or

I

>
*

\

IV.

AS
-,

thfe

Growths of the

leveral Branches

advance^ keep them nail'd

but be fure that the Diftances between Branch and Branch 5 arc never lefs than the Length of their Leaves, when fully

to the

Wall

grown

Therefore as Leaves are not come to

their

Maturity in the Spring, you
5

muft

at that

Time

nail

them

at a greater Diftance than aforefaid

that

when

they are fully grown, they

may

in general poflefs a free drying

Air, and not fliade each other, to their almoft total Ruin, for Perfp
\

want of

ON
for

very Point depends the whole Succefs of our Labours
Fruit-Trees are loaded with
clofe,

>

when
very

Quant

of Branches,
o

nail'd

a great Part of them are faturated, an
their Sap, for

with

ft

the Crudities

of

want of

a free Air to perlpire in,

and

thereby

become barren and

ufelefs.

This

plainly demonftrated in the

Growth of Trees
are either
fartheft

planted very clofe together/ as in'a

Wood, where
Top, which

lower Branches, tho^ neareft to the Fountain of Sap, (^/z. the Roots)
dead, or very near
it 3

whilft thofe

at

the

are

k

from the Roots, but

in a drying Air, perlpire freely

and expand

much

And

in Fruit-Trees

'tis

the very fame,
their

when
Leaves

their

Branches are

nail-d nearer together than the
-

Lengths of

*-^

BESIDES
Parts,
is

this

Advantage, of having Fruit-Trees
j

fruitflTl

in all their

not the only one

for

by

this

Method of
for the

thin Nailing, there
to maintain,

will not

be half the Quantity of

Wood

Root

and

confequently thofe Fruits that are produVd

will be

much

better fupported

with Nouriflimenr. and in greater Perfed

than

when a Multitude

of

Wood

and Fruit

is

fed but with the

fame Nutriment

i

HENCE
different

it

follows.
will
the

That

as Fruit-Trees

differ

in

the

Length of be
alfo
'i

their Leaves, fo

Diftances of their feveral Branches
praftis'd

d therefore the general Rule hitherto

by Gardeners
Ik
if

laying the Branches of all the feveral

fluits,
>

Kinds of Peaches, and other

at the

fame Diftance, appears to be a great Miftak

t

THERE
1

.V

t
t

1'-

-*

.

i

%

t

The

Fr'u

I

T-G AR

D

EN

lUuJiratel

THERE
Plenty

are

many

excellent

Kinds^of
little

Fruits

which produce o

crrcat

f Bloflbms

and but very

Frultj

as the

Nefwhigton J
is

and

many

other large Kinds of fine Peaches.

This

Sterility

caufed

by

the too great
its

Abundance of Wood, which, when 'tis

cover'd over with

beautiful Bloflbms, requires a

much
the

greater Quantity

of Nourifhment

than
for
/

the

Roots

are at

that

Time

able to communicate , and thereby,

want of proper Nourifhment,
efpecially

Embryo

Fruits" are

flarved,

and

more

when

the Soil and Spring are both dry, their Perfpiration:
if Eafl:erly

being then greateflj and

Winds happen
a further

to

blow at* that Time
the Dellru(5l

their very drying exhaling Nature,

is

Help to

of

the Fruit.
-

BUT notwithftanding that the old Ne^wtngton Peach
full

is

always vaftly
yet
if

of Bloflbms,
in
at

as

may

be feen by Fig^ IX. 'Plate
4

II

and

III.

they

are nail'd

the

Length of
I

their

Leaves,

their

Roots will be able
plentiful

to ftrongly fupport them, (as

have experienc'd) and produce
the

Crops
r

:

or

obferving

this Difl:ance,

Roots
nail'd

will

not have one

third Part

of the

Wood

to fupport, as

when

after the in thick, i

common Way.
-'I-,;

THERE
kind to than others
?

of
this

TCtTCTies
5

which Wature has
the AlheniarJe and
{fee

een

more

very Cafe
their

Cath
VIII
t

with Leaves produce Peaches
fPlate II

Bloflb

E

'g*

VI an

and III.) which ftrongly attrad Nourifhment from the Roots
it

old Newington does not, the which Bloflbms, the

having Bloflbms only > producing but fmall

which may

in

fome Degree be
:

the

Caufe of

its

Quantities of Fruit
fliall

but

is

may be

greatly help

d

in Pruning, as

in

its

Place dcmonftrate
v-'

UL
1

V.
to an horizontal
Pofit

THE
locity

nearer Branche
is

are laid

f

the

Ve

of the Sap
the

the more retarded, and
freer
5

perpendicular a to nearer the
that are inclinable to
7

o

ion

more

therefore Branches

Luxu-

liancy,

may be

check'd by

being nail'd horizontally

and thofe that

perpendicularly. nail'd being weak, help d by

NOW
t

66

M
*l&'

\

N
fit

Or

•>

NOW
beft
laid
,

thefe

Extremes being only
therefore

for the

two

aforefaid

Kinds of
for our

Wood, we muft
X

make Choice of
Branches
_

a

mean

Situation.

and moft healthy
-

fruitful
--

5

and therefore they

fliould

be fo

as

to

make an Angle of 4J

Degrees,

or thereabouts, with the

Horizon
^
ii'

_.r-

VL
-1

vr

FRESH
\

all

Branches every Year^ that they

may

have

free

Dilatation.

THE next material Matter
Year
for Pruning, which,

to be confider'd,
all

is

the beft

Time of
is

the

among

our famous Gardeners>

left

un

determin'dy every one affigning his
has yet given a fingle Reafon for
-

own

Seafon^ but not one of

them

it
t
» _

FIRST then
their

that

proper Diftances,

we may be certain of laying the Branches at we fliould prune our Trees in the End of Augufl
their

>

Leaves are fall en y which will then exhibit to us the ;uft DiAances y which cannot be fo exa(5t if we
prune them in the Winter Seafon }
ufual

and Beginning of September, before

4

SECONT^LTy
their

Branches being prun'd in

this

Seafon^ juft before

Growths are

at

an End, and the Air kind and warm. Nature

w

immediately clofe up, and heal the Orifices of the Sap-Veffels, before the Wet and Cold of the Winter comes on, which they imbibe to their
Prejudice,

when prun'd

in that Seafon.

THIS

I

have oftentimes experienced, and therefore recommend

it

to

the Curious

But when you prune
it for

off the

End of

a Shoot, you muft

always take

a Rule to cut an Inch at leaft above the Bud, (which muft always be a Leaf, and not a Bloffo Bud I fiiall hereafter

m

r

demonftrate)

which,

after

perifliing

down

to

the

Bud

for

want of

Nourifliment,

becom
of

very hard, as to proteft the whole Branch

from the

Injuries

Wet and Cold
^^

f

THIR2)L r.

1

The

Fruit-Garden
^
1

lUufirated,

'

THIR7)LT^ When

Fruit-Trees are pruned in the

End of Autumn,

their

Roots have not fo great a Quantity of

Wood to

fupport thro out the
are better able to

Winter, as when prun d in the Spring, and confequently
fupport their Bloflbms in the Spring.

And

again, the lefler the
lefs

Quantity
imbibed 9

of Wood

is

on a Tree
the

thro out the Winter, the
is

crude Sap

is

and confequently

Tree

much more

perfed, and in better Health.

FOURTH LT,
and
the

When
their

Branches are prun
Sap-Veffels
is

in the Winter
-TW.

Orifices of

clofed >

the attrading

Force of the Leaves in the Spring,

not weakened, by the
are pru

many

Inlets

of

frefh

Wounds, which muft happen when Trees

late

in

Fehruary and March.

HENCE
Spring y

arifes

the

Reafon why

luxuriant Trees, prun*d late
:

the

thereby checked in their
feveral

Growth

For- the Sap-Veflels being
their Shoots,

open by the

Wounds

t

the Ends of

tKe attradive
until thofe

Po wer of the L many Inlets or Sap-Veffels
riancy
is

ftrongly attrad Nourifhment,
are clofed
/

J

therefc

that the

Luxu

in

fome Degree abated.
from
this
is

J^
k

OW

tis

evidehiT^

cfrar5

chc

bed Scafon

For

Pruning

luxuriant Trees,

late in the Spring

and thofe that are weak, or in
or rather^ as before
is

a

healthy State, early in the
the

Winter

5

faid, in

the

End of

Autumn.

THE
fail

feveral

Rules

Here

delivered being well obferv*d >

we

need

of having good

Wood in all our feveral
is

Kinds of Fruits-T
Part

And

the on

Thing
IS

that

now

wanting to complea

o

Pruning

in general

of Ends the Pruning of the Reafons and Manner

Branches.

THE

Reafon

why

the Ends of the Branches of fome
is,

Sorts

of Fruits

are cut fliort

at the

Time of
latter

the in produc'd thereof being

g> was Sap the when Part of the Year,
i

Parts extreme the becaufe

thofe mature and perfed fo not 7 are they Strength, declining in its immature the therefore and produc'd, firft were which Shoots the of Parts

away, cut be fhould Parts

NOW

\

V

\

6S
\

MON
NOW
is

A: Or

>

td determine

what Quantity of a Shoot

fliould

be cut away^

very

difficult,

becaule different Seafons have different Effefe
this
5

on

their

Growths, and therefore

Point
"'tis

niiifl:

be wholly fubmitted to the

Judgment of the Pruner
pru ne at a Leaf-Bud
their full

and
for

therefore that

we mufl be
in

fure to

and

want

th^reof^ nail

the

Branches at

Lengths

YOUNG
and very often

Trees that are truly healthy require the

leaft

Reduftion,
all their

may

be
for

nail'd in at full

Length, efpecially when
Peaches^
Apricots,
Sorts

Buds are diipofed

Bloffom, as

and Morella

Cherri :rrles are very apt to

do

:

And

there are

fome

of Pears, which
their Shoots^

produce the moft of

their

Fruits at the
d, becaufe

extreme Parts of

and

therefore
Fruits,

muft not be topp
but the leading

you not only

cut

away Part
of

of the

Bud of

the Shoot alfo, for

want

which

the Shoot dies as foon as the Fruits thereon are ripen'd.

The

RU IT-G ARD

E N

lUufirated.

60

m

XII.
r

Of

the great
their

Uje of

the
i

Leaves of

Fruit-Trees,

and

Force of

Moiflure for the Support
6^r.

of their BIolToms, Fruits,

is

very plain, from the feveral accurate Experiments of the

Reveriend

Mn

HaJeSy

that

the

Leaves of Fruit-Trees are

very ferviceablc in atcrading Nourifliment from the lower
Strata
Sy
is

within the Reach of the tender Fruits, which, like young Anifurnifli'd

mals,
the

with proper Inftruments to imbibe thence,
'ds manifefted.

[

And by

fame Experiments

That

the

main excretory Dudls of

plants, are in their

which feparate and carry off th^ redundant

watery
that
'tis

Fluid,

which,

when

detain'

prejudicial

;

So

from thence we are taught the Neceffity of preferving them,
k

fince

impoffible they can live without.
»-

4

^A:^

AND
Sap
if

altho'

Fruit-Trecs J

hich

Inanimate, have not a

Power

with alternate Dilatations
its

and Contradions, to drive forcibly about the

Veflels, as the

Blood of Animals

is

thro'

their

Arteries

Veins

3

yet

has Nature wifely
it

ived other Methods,

which mofi:
is

powerfully attrad and keep
/

in

Motion, whereby the lame Purport

anfwer'd.

AND
what may

that nothing

may be imbibed by
3

the Roots o

Treesy

UC

be difcharged by Perfpiration

therefore

Nature has wifely
will

cover'd their

Roots with a very

fine thick Strainer,

which

not admit

any Kind of Moiflure
Perlpiration.

to enter, but

what can be

readily carried

away by

T

THE

^

70

M

N

A: Or

7

THE feventh curious Experiment of Mr. Hales's Vegetable Statkh, p.t%.
on the Dwarf-Pear Tree, and Branches of Apple, Pear, Cherry, and

Ap
Fruits,

T
which
puffed

1

-*

are undeniable Proofs of the great Ufes of

Leaves to
>

I defir

every Gardener to well confider, and be not too
their

much

up with

own

\

Conceits

THE
taken up
half
5

firft

Part of this Experiment

was made on a Dwarf-Pear Tree,
1

Jugujly whofe Weight (clear from Earth) was 7

Pounds

and

Roots being
in

fet

in a

known Quantity of Water, imand
it

bibed

Pounds thereof

10 Hours >

perfpired

at

the

very

fame TimeJ

Pounds one half 5
imbibed.

therefore

perlpired

Ou n ces
im

more than

it

This feems to inform us that Pear-Trees delight
thofe

in Moifture,

and

that

who

imagin d that

all

the Moifture

bibed by Trees y
Buds, Branch
)

wholly converted into Sap, and the Formation
r

&i

irely

miftaken

5

for if

Was fo,
it

the Pear-Tree

would have

retained the

whole Quantity imbibed, which

did not

do

THE

other Part of

this

Experiment, on the feveral Branches which
is

curious

Gentleman

mad e,

a further Proof, that the Quantity of

Moifture attraftcd i

always in Proportion to the Quantity of Leaves

AS
-(.

for

Example

:

I

of two Branches of every Kind of he ftripp d the Leaves off one Branch of each Sort, and then fet
Stems
in feparate GlafTes,

HAVING

madeCho ce

Fruit,

their

wherein were

known

Quantities of

Water
'ft

THE
fome
J

Branches with Leaves imbibed large Quantities of Water 20> and Ounces, in y Hours Day, accordin to
>

as

the

Quantity of Leaves on each
lighter

and being weigh'd

in the

Evening, were

than in the Morning.

WHILE
but very

the others that were ftripp'd of their Leaves, had imbibed
as

little,

an Ounce^ &c.
little.

each,

were heavie

in

the Evening
>

they having perfpired

NOW
>'

^*

X

The

RU IT-G A R

D E N Iffujimed.

71

NOW
pull

from

thefe

Experiments

'tis

plain, that tliofc Gardeners
Fruits,
lett
j

who

o
V

great
9

Qi
the

of Leaves from

before

are fully

grown_,

inj

m

ery

much3

only by
of the

a fudd

Heat>

which
felves

flirinks the tender Sap-VefTels

Fruits

but being of them

unable to attrad: the fame Nourifiiment which they before received >

do

therefore inftantly perifh.

IN

Juguft 1717.

I

made Choice of
and

feveral

B

o
Bunches
j

Wh
I

Mufcadine Grape, whereon were many very
flripp'd off their Leaves,
left

fine

entirely
i

fome of them wholly expofed
were fliaded

the

Sun and Air, whilft
the

others, tho' flripp'd as afore/aid,
>

by

Leaves of other Branch
-

which

I

laid before

them

for that Purpofc

THOSE

Branches that were fliaded continu*d at a Stand J
a

the

Space of 10 or ii Days, and then decayed very
that were fully expos'd^ began to
pears,
flirivel

faft

3

but the others

the third

Day.

Hence

it

ap-

That

the Leaves of Fruit-Trees,

do not only

prefervc the Fruits

from the

Injuries

of Heat and Cold, but ftrongly attra<^ Nourifiiment

to their Support, and perfpire
feveral Stages

away

the Crudities thereof, thro'out their

and Degrees of Growth.
Care that Nature has taken
y

IF we Leav
o

obferve the
all

to

place the

Kinds of Herbs 7

and Trees, cxadlly under

them, to Nourifhment attrad to Buds, i
judice
it is

we may
away

eafily conceive the

Pre

to

them when they

are taken

of at Fruit-Trees {hooting out Growth their firft the obferve we F I abundance mce of Pleafure, fee the wife Order with may, we Spring, the
that

Nature obferves

in all her

wonderful Produdions

NOW
Fruits,

feeing that Fruits cannot perfpire
5

and

flourifli

without the
in all

Afliftance of Leaves

therefore

Nature does wifely produce them

cither before their

BlofToms appear> at the fame Time, or foon

afterwards.

THE
its
I

May

fDuke-Cherry,

March

i6. {Fig.

L 9hte

V.)

produces

Bloflfoms from the two Years Wood, and more

particularly at

and

about

tf

*

\

f
*A

72
»

MON
other Parts
:

Or

")

about the Joint between the two Years Growths,

as at B,

than in an

And
'

during the while that Nature
laft
a^

is

opening the Bl off
expan
_

Buds, .thofe of the
into Leaves,
(as

Year's

flioot

are

largely

themfel
-

a a

&c,) which
Fruits,

ftrongly attrad Nourifliment for the

/

Support of the yet
/

Embryo

and

perfpire

away

the Crudities with

which the Sap then abounds.

AWLES produce
but
their firft

their

Bloffoms on
produced
H

Wood
the

of two Year's Growth >
laft

Leaves are

by

Year's Sh

as in

t

the Cherries preceding.

The

firft

Leaves of Appl

produced at the

Bloflbm-Buds, and are very largely grown before the BloiToms appear )
or even before the Biids of the laft Year's Shoots are open'd.
f

r

THE
of

Branch of ^Nonpariel (F^.
at the

III.

¥late\L)

exhibits the

Growth
are
I

Leaves

BloffiDm-Buds

D

D, &c, March
Year's Shoots, a a^

which

greatly expanded, whilft thofe
vifibly beginning to fiioot.

of the

laft

&

are not

But-

when

their

Bloffoms are fully blown,

(as

FigA,

"Plate \\l.

and Fig. V. ^late XII and XIII.) then the Buds of

the laft Year's Shoots are

much
before.

panded

3

probably, becaufe that the

Bloffoms being then produc'd, require a"gre^ter Attraction of Moifture
for their

Nourifhment than

GRJ'PES

are

produced on Branches that flioot from the Buds of

the laft Year's Shoots,

which

are of a

confiderable Length, with their
as exhibited

Leaves expanded, before the Fruits appear,

by

the Branch
\

of a
and
Shoo
tudc
s

Wh
the

Mufcad
firft

Grap

>

{F'tg. II. "Plate

VIII and IX. Jprll

o.)

of May^ the

Time

that
^'their

Bunches appear,
Leaves increafed
in

their

are very
(See

much
II.

extended, and

Mag

f

/ff.

yto^ X.)
different

FIGS
the

are fomething

from other

Fruits in their

Manner of
Leaves
5

Produdion, and therefore Nature has wifely placed a leading, Bud at

End of every
1

Shoot, (as

A, Fig.

I.

Plate IX.) which opens

its

about April

1.

and

ftrongly attrads Nourifliment to the Fruits
unskilfully prune off the

BCDE

and

therefore

when Gardeners

Ends of the Shoots
after.

in the

Winter or Spring, thofe Branches generally die foon

4te^

/

9 UINCE S

1

•

%

i

ft-

w

The

Fruit-Gard£n

lUufirated.

73

QUINCES produce
on
the laft Year's

very large Leaves before
(fee

their

BlofToms appear

Wood,

Fig,

I.

Tlaie VI.) which feems to be proaft

vided

Nature, on Purpofe to perfpire away

Quantity of

Crudities that are contained in their Sap J which,
ill

when

confin'dj has the

Confequences before demonftrated.

"PEARS

prod

o

Leaves and Bloflbms from the fam
L

Bud

>

muft Moifture, of Quantities great imbibe and being Fruits which

theref(

have Leaves timely produc'd^ to attrad Nourifhrnenc
t

for

the Support of

eir

Embryo
"Plate

Fruits,

as

well

as fox

Perfp

(See

Fk,

I 7 -*> III.

IV, V.

U

and

III.)

r

^EACHESy
fmall
\

"Plumh,

2ini

Apr hots, produc

their

Bloftoms fome

Time

fucceed, foon which Leaves, their before

when tlieir Branches
whole Lengths 9

are prun'd

at

Leaf-Buds, or for want thereof,

left at their

(as F/g. Ill,

Buds leading the where and IX.) VIII 5^to^ VII. VI, IV, V,
opening their expanding
aforefaid. Purpofcs the for Leaves,
J-

AA

&c.

are

BUT
fet

the

Time

that

Leaves their fhed^ are their Bloflbms
th
their Fruits

probdWjT^fcecauie grown, largely

are

then knit, or

greater a require they for Growth,

Attradlion of NouriiTiment for

their

Supp

Sap-Vefli tender their preferve to well as Shade,
T,

from
II

(See Fk. Cold and Heat the Injuries of Apple) Nonpariel ^Jate VIL of the
*

and

11.

'Plate XI.

and Fig.
jf-

_'-

THE

fam

is

to be obferv'd

in

Chevr

i

when

in Bloflbm,

whofe

increafed, greatly then Leaves are

XII "Plate I,II,ni,IV. (as Fig.
in

and XIII.)

But much
I

greater as the Fruits

advance
.7. Fig.
in

Growth,

(fee

Fig.

II. "Plate^

VL

of the Morella Cherry,

May

I, II.

9Iate XIV. of the Jprkots9
Fruits
^ In

whofe

Leaves are largely

grown

Prop

/

AND
and

therefo

It

p

pears

That

as Fruits

advance

in their

Growths,
pro

require greater

and

greater Nouriflim

the
ab! e

Leav
fuffi

always are they whereby augmented, portionably
perfpire to as well as Support, their Juices for

attrad

away

the Crudities

thaeof

P.

/
t

"S

V

74
.fc-

O

M

N

A:

Or

i

y

\

\

H
Of
Blights, and the
in

XIII
Ordering

Manner of
out

Fruit-TreEs
?

>

when

and

Bloflbm

Half-grown,

and Ripe.
t*.

LTHO'

'tis

abfolutely neceflfary that

tlae

Pruner fliould judi-

cioufly prune

and
n

nail his Trees, yet if
tis

he has not regard to

them afterwardsJ

ten to one i

he receives any Fruits

THE

Accidents that Fruit-Trees

ai-e

La We to wficn
Infe<fts
:

in

Bloflbm y
thefe

are BLghts^ Exhalations,

and being deftroy'd by
"^

But

in

general are vulgarly called Blights.

BLIGHTS

y

are Fro ft sJ

and burning Heats,

as Lightnings,

^c.

Exhalations^ are cold drying Winds, and very dry hot Weather 3 and
as Caterpillars, ate fuch Flies, fe^s^

Ln

&c. which

in general deftroy Fruits >

not guarded againft.

FIRST,
dry^ called
the

Frofts are

of two Kinds, the one which
Frofl: 3

is

very cold and
is

the

Black

and the other cold and hoary, (which
firft

Dew

that frozen, J

falls in

the

Part of the Night, before the
.

Cold

began to

freeze) called a

White Froft

-

*

BOTH
when
ftrua ive ?

thefe

Kinds of
5

Frofts are prejudicial to Fruits,
is

at all

Times

they happen

but of the two the Black Froft

the

n moft

e fpecially

when

it

comes

after

a Shower of Rain in an

Evenin
\

>

Jbefore the Bloflbms

and

Fruits are
-*i^„

dry

THERE

.

'

/

The

ruit-Garden
prefcrib'd
I

Ilkftrated.

75

".

THERE are divers Methods,
ferving Fruits
is

by

fev.eral

Pcrfons,

for

re

from

Frofts,

which

have experlenc'd, and find that there
Sail-Cloths,

none comes up to

careful

Covering with Mats, old

&c.
the

which, being well faftned that turbulent Winds cannot difplace them,
never
f.

fail

of our defired Succefs.

Nay, Peafe-halm

only,

hung on
left

Branches^ and fecur'd from Winds^ has the fame EfFed^ being

on

until

they are largely grown, and then taken away by Degrees,
1

AND
them
I

appen that the Weather continues freezing

in the
3

Day
J

time, lee the Covering continue, for th ree or even y
the Midft of the

Day
in
f

an

Day,

if the

Weather

is

any

agreea ble 7
as
e fore

open

for three or four

Hours, and then cover them u
freeze
in

But

when

the

Weather don't

the

Day-time y

O pen them

about an Hour
before
it f<

after Sun^rifing,

and cover them up about the fame Time
\

<

L

I

IF

blow very Winds Eafterly the and dry^ Seafon proves the
_
J

frefii

>

abfolutely neceffary

the Bloflbms of your Fruic-T

3

for

Moifture the away exhale Nature, exhaling a very of thofe Winds being r tc 1j "^f ca their f o r th an K are a to young the from

communicate
thin

it,

the

Heat of the Seafon being
j

infufficicnc to rarify the

Sap

h g

for

a Succeffion

and thereby

the Fruits are

ftarved for

Nourirtiment proper of want

BUT
may
/

performed, that the carefully Water be muft Waterings thefe
fall

not

on

the Bloflbms with fuch Force as to bruife or beat
:

them
firft

from

the Branches

Therefore
it

if

with a Hand-Engine the Water be

forced into the Air,

will be there feparated^

and

fall

down

like

Rain.

The

beft

Time

for this

Work,

is

the

Morning about Ten

or Eleven,

Evening the before again be dry will they becaufc, being water'd early,

comes on
r'

>

which,
ill

1

it

happens to prove inclinable to
as

Froft,

wi

not

have fuch an

Effed on them,

when

wet.

THE
imag
*

feen are which Infers of feveral Kinds

to deftroy the

Leaves
or the
others
/

with come reafonably very may Fruits, of &^ their Egg hatch may Eaftern Winds

the Eaftern

Winds

3

Mr. Bradley and

But

I

that find yet never could

any Method would deftroy >
or

I

s.

1

1^

M
yet have been

N

A:

Or

/

?

r

Waterings, frequent but which Fruit-Trees, from never them or keep

known

to

fail.

'TIS

obfervable that thefe Infeds ntvef conoje in great Plenty,
is

ut

when
\

the Spring

very dry

3

an

even

theii

when

the

Weather changes

inftantly they wet, very and becomes Rain, to

periflh.

r

THEREFORE
when

fince

Nature has taught us a
to

fure

Method of de
to kee

ftroying thofe Vermine,

we have nothing more
by
early
rnfc(5ts

do than

our

Fruit-Trees in a continual fupple State,
in dry Seafons,

and frequent Waterings
But
it is

thofe

moftly rage.

abfolutely ne-

ceffary to begin thefe

Waterings before the Leaves are infefted by them,

fince

it

is

a Refrefhment, and the Trouble very inconfiderable.

AM
Praa
terings,
X
5

not

infenfibl

that

many Card

wi

emn

e thel^
\

and becaufe the fmall Trouble of Coverings, Openings, ?
perhaps be more than they care for
great

Wa
fince

may

but however,

that after a

Expence and Ion
Labours,
^

Time
:

waiting,

we
is

are defirous of

reaping the Fruits of our
abfolute

fhould never be fhort of layin
very precarious

Command

on the Gardenei y
tt\ e

fince the Succefs

without, and the Trouble very

as before obfcrv'd.

BUT
of
Soils

to return from this Digreflion.

It

appears

by what

is

before

Winds, the Eaftern that of the Nature Fruit-Trees exhaling the of faid
which
are

of very raoift flrong Natures, can better difpenfe
in
Soils

thofe than growing Exhalations, great with thofe
turally hot and dry
3

that

are

na-

for the

moid Lands can more

ftrongly fupport the
therewith.

young
But

Fruits

with Moifture, than thofe that are

lefs furnifli'd

this

does only happen

when

the

Spring proves dry, becaufe
the Perfpiration of Plants in

when
light

there are Rains fufficient to

fupport

dry
/

Soils,

then the Moifture in moift ftrong

Lands

is

in too great

a

Quantity, and the Trees being faturated and clogg'd therewith, for want
fufficient

Heat

to exhale

and

perfpire

it

away, become immature and

barren,

by

the over and-above Crudities contain^'d therein.

NOW
than in wet ones

hence

'tis

very probable, that Kent^ whofe Soil

is

na-

turally very moift,
:

produces greater Crops of Cherries in dry Summers,

&
•

contra.

THE
/

\

The

Frui t-G a R

D EN

Ilhifirated.

71

THE
whofe
in

Gardens about Tnsokkenham, IJle^orth,

&c.

in MiddlefetC,

Soils are naturally drier

than thofe of Kejit^ have the bcft Crops

wet Summers.

ORCHARDS growing on
by
1

the South Sides of Rivers, imbibe
'tis

reaC

Quantities of Moifture at their Bloflbms and Leaves, as

exhaled
ar

away

the Sun

5

for the Trees being fituate between the
as
e

River

d the Sun
this

mbibes the humid Steams
in

pa

them
Seaf(

But

never

happens but

dry

Seafc
Iittl(
)

5

beca uie

when

Fruit are very wet. }

Trees imbibe very

fcarcely any, being nearly faturate with

Moifture of the Seafon

THUS
w
which

much
alway

for

Frofts )

Eaft er

Winds and
u PP
ireful

Infcdts.

Now
of,

wc
and

return to

our

Fruits,

which
J
1

we
are

to

have plenty
the

happ

we

to fupply

o (Tonis

d Leaves thereof, with fuch Refrediings of Water
r equire

as the Soil

and Seafc

OUR
the
I

Fruits

being plentifully

fet,

tchful wa very be muft we

diligent in covering thern

from Froft
is

when
lefdow

fccm to

offer

j

and

therefore the beft

Method

to keep the

Covering rowl'd up, on or near
as Occafi on

Top

of the Wall >

readinefs to
third
in

may

require,

had Apricots above

grown > and

w ell
^

d with Leaves,
:.
*

kiird in great Quantities
I fortunately cover'd,

the Beginning of

would have been

May 7 preferv'd, to my

which, had

very great

Ad

g
it

Peaches and Apricots I F our

are very

o

her

Burde

t
7

h er ef<
firft

about

wc muft eafc Natu thin may we yfor/7, of End
>

Apricots^

d

in the

Week of May

our Peaches, leaving

them

about two

Inches apart

the leaft.

But Plumbs

fcldom thinn*d >
the

improve certainly muft but a reafonable Subtradion

Remainders

which

may

Diftance. aforefaid the be at

IT
1

Apricots, Plumbs, Peaches, obfervable that

&c. grow very little
Nature June,
being

to May, of 20th Day from about the

in Tin:ie like the

^

i

#

t

K

M
"
•^

N
&c,

A: Or

?

being then wholly employed in preparing and perfecting their internal
Parts,

Wz.

their Kernels,

Stones,

with proper Veflels

fit

for the

Re-

ception of future Nourifhment, in fuch Quantity^ and with fuch Force
as to ftrongly feed

and

dilate

their

exterior

Coats or Pulps,

until,

fully

grown;

NOW
\

whilfl:

this

great Operation

of Nature

is

performing,

always feen that great Quantity of Fruit drops, altho' largely grown

Of

this

all

our
the

late

Authors on Card enin

take Notice, and therefore
it

adviie, that

thinnin
5
'

of Fruits be omitted, until

appears that

this

great Fall

is

over

but not one of them has yet attempted to deliver

Rules for their Prefervation.
r

THE
the Fruits

meaneft Capacity living

may

very eafily believe, that
it

if all

on a Tree were

in

perfed Healthy

would be

impoffible for

them
do
3

to fall in a fliriverd decayed Condition, as they are obferv'd to

and

therefore

'tis

evident, that their Fall

is

caufed

by fome Decay

or

Wcaknefs of Nature

3

which

laft

of the two feems the moft probable.
t
r

FOR
Stones,

fince

that

Nature

requires

Moifture,

for daily Perfo

>
>

well as to incorporate the watery fupple Sub/1;

o

the Kernel

&i
away

tis

very

to conceive,

that
for

dry Weather
thofe

exhales

Moifture

which

is

neceflary

Formati
i

ens >
perifh

the

Work wi
t

be imiperfei5t

a nd

fequently the Fruits

muft

-I*

THE
to

firft

Idea of this wonderful
the

Work of Nature, was communicated

me

Honourable Mr. JBrmc.

who

at

the

fame Time
their

in
i

formed
vation,

me of

feveral

Experiments which he had made for

Prefer

and found

that the

moft

fuccefsful one.

was,

To

preferve the

m
in
i
r

rom
that

the very hot Sun,
3

from

ten in the
the

Morning

until

two or

the Afternoon

which he did with

fame Coverinps of Sail-Cloth
their

1

were ufed in the Spring, to preferve
I

Bloflbms from Frofts,

&i
La
i

This

have
it

alfo experienc'd

with great Succefs, and do therefore recom
3

mend
bour

to the

Pradice of the Diligent and Curious

for tho' the

litd

yet

Rccomp

vaftly great

N.

B.

'TIS
I

The

Fruit-Garden

'•

lUuftrated.
-t
1

79

N.

B.

'TIS

very ferviceabh

to

ghe

the Trees a gentle Refrepitig
to fcreen

of Watery at the Time you legln

them from the Sun^

which they will freely imlihe^ and
her ^rodu^iions.

'very

much firengthe72s Nature in

ABOUT
Fruits arc

the

20th of ^une

this

Work

is

over, and as
>

then the

beg inn ins to fwell away or

ripen 1 n

we

fliould

now
/

th

them

for

good, taking away the lead, promifing ones, and preferving

the beft

THE
that

MafcuHne Apricot
Fig. IV. "Plate

fliould

be

left
is

at

or about the Diftances
Inches and a quarter
j

B C,
and

XV.

are ,

which

two

but the Turkey Apricots
Fruit,

mud

have a

therefore

we muft

allow

m them three Inches, as the Diftance A B
is

larger Diftance, as bein

a larper
j

and the Roman

Apricot,'

whofe Magnitude
be
left

a

Mean between
Inches

the

two
i
I

other

Extremes, i

ftiould

at about

two

and' three

quarters

AND
more or
Kinds
at

as Apricots

differ

in

their

Magnitudes, and therefore require

lefs

Roofti fbr"**cr/p

do Peach
Inches apart
5

like wi

e

fmall

may

be

left at
5

two
.

thofe
w

of a middling Growth
not nearer than fix

four

Inches

and our very
_

beft

and

largeft

Inches*

SOME
are
are

Kind
very
the
a

of Pears y

as

e

Green-Chizet^
Fruits
is

Summer'Bergamoty
Clufters
to
^

to prodti ce

their

in

but

they
Pears

much
Tree

beft

when each
the

Clufter
are

reduced
in

two

cepting

when
at

Clufters

very

diftributed

on

the
as

5

and

fuch

Times they may
ding to

e left in
>

g

eater

Numbef*
o
the

three, four,

&
there
is

Difta

and Streng

Tree.

BUT
BY

where
i!

a full Crop,

'tis

beft

lem

J

or
y -*

double at moft.
J

feveral Proofs of

the preceding

Chapter

•>

•tis

that

the Leaves

of

in ferviceable vaftly Fruit-Trees are

drawing up

Nou-

lifliment
1

:'

%'

#

8o
rifhment
to
Fruits

MON
as

A: Or
I

J

they advance in Growth )
State 3
e fend in

as

we

as

keep in
th
<

them
and
Veffel

in

a fuppl

duA
fpoil

them

rom

Sun 3
Sap'

rying

Winds, which

contrad and hard

Fibres,

and thereby

their

Growth
1

BUT when Fruits are almoft fully grown, a
to
r

\

little

more Sun
Colours

eflaiy 3
5

ripe

their

J
then

give

them
let

their

beautiful
e
ial

and

therefore^

we muft
wi
ri

Deg
in the

in

Heat of the

Sun. which
IS

pen them

ateft

Perfection that the Seafon
\
<

Lpable to

produce.

K.

B.

^HAT
before

*tis

htter

to tie

lack the Leaves with Bafs-maty which
to cut

the Fruits,
ity

than
to

them away

y

hut

will

^

not allow

he fure

preferve thofe at the

End

of the Shoots
not
e

that their necejfary Jttra^ions
tarded,

and

^erfpirattons

may

re

and

thereby the Fruits render d. injipid hy the Crudities

contained in them^ thatjhould
excretory

have heen perjpird away at their
I
'.

^ults
V N
!

\

\

\

\
I
.

*
r

f-

c

i

!-•

*,-

f

^-^

-^4

111'

J*^>
\

y

-^^.

*#'

\

H
I
\

\
I

''fW^'.ft

'

\

The
V

Fru IT-G A RD EN
!
^'

'

JUufirated.

8i

i

K

H
?

XIV.

Of

the

Manner

of gathering
^^e;;/

Frv it
Gathering.
f

s,

and Tre/ervins

^/^^r

-^

NOTWITHSTANDING
all

that

we

have ftiialy follow'd

the preceding Diredtions, and got great Quantities of fine

Fruits

yet

1

we

don't

know when

to gather them,
5

'tis

very
Fruits

probable that

we may'nt

have any worth our Eating

for

when

are gathered bef©re they are ripe, their Juices are crude,
f^Sdl

grown^ they immediately fhrivel, y the other Hand, when Fruits hang on the Trees a longer Time than

and bein g not And on and become toug
their

Juices are ripen'd, their Juices are immediately prefpired or exhaled away.

and the

\

CHERRIES
deep black
y

are

fit
i

to be gather'd
ey

when
ee

they are become a very

and indeed,

have a

rying Air, cannot be too
after

much

ripen d.

They
3

are beft

being eaten from ^the ^Trees,
out of Spring Water
after

a

Shower of Rain

but mofl:

commonly
is

Dinner.

The
the

bell

Time

to gather

them

che Morning,

when

the Crudities of

Dew

are evaporated, before the

Heat of
t

the
V
'

Day comes
I—

on.

i_^.

^-Jh

m
crifp,
laft,

AT RICO TSy
are varioufly eaten
5 5

n)}%.

the

MafcuUne, Romany Turkey, and Bruxels
eat

fome delighting to
little

them when
5

others
in

when mellow, or a
humble Opinion,
is

foft,

but not mealy
all

which

my

the bed, becaufe that then
in the others are

the Juices are in their

utmoft Perfection, which

crude and immature.

—

SOME
beft

when

fo

is Bruxel the indeed Tree, and delight to eat them from the which gathering, after others not until the next Day eaten
5

o

^

t

82
o
the

#

O
to be
laid fingly

MON
on dry Vine Leaves
-1

Or

>

two feems

the beft, being gather'd in the

Cool of

the

Evening, and
J
t.

*

PLUMBS,
they will
fall

bein

next in Order^ fliould hang on the Trees until
afy

an

Touch of

the Finger
ri

5

but when they drop
their

off themfelves,
fipid

they are generally too

pe i
•I

and
^^

Taftes become
*

r-.

#M

^ :

•

*V
k *

BUT
dor^

there

are

fome

Sorts

of Plumbs which fiiould remain on the

Trees until they begin to

flirivel,

and thofe are

t\\^

^een-Mother ^Tyrab"
Fruit whatfoever.

t

and Imparatrke, which

are then equal to

any

PLUMBS
off,

fhould be gather'd in the Morning,

when

the

Dew

is

before the Heat
their

comes

and
fhould

as they

in general

have a beautiful
ngle Fing

Flew on
and
a

Surfaces,

we

ather

them with a

Thumb only,
or
i

laying them in Nettles,
!•

when we

intend to keep

them

Day

two
are

after gathering.
%

FIGS
they

fit

to gather
foft

when Drops
about
Fig

appear

their

Ey es

)

when
hang
al

become very
pendant
in

and

{hrivel'd
if

their Stalks,

fo as to

mod
Sides,

In

fliort,

have a

free

drying Air, they
J

be too ripe

our Climate.
5

When you
and
in like
.

gather Tigs,

y

th

em on
up

their

on dry Vine Leaves

Manner when
.

ferv'd

for the
\

Table.

-M

•t

REACHES fhould be
muft be
becaufe
laid fingle
w

gather'd

when
or

they part from the Tree
after

by

a gentle Touch, and are beft a

Day

two

being gather'd.

They
i
1

on Vine Leaves, on

their

Stalk-End or Bottoms,

when

they are laid on their Sides, they inftantly

grow

rotten.

GRATES
with a
faint

czxiwot

be too well ripen

d,

and

therefore the

longer
1

they hang, fo that they are not fhriverd or mouldy,

better
3

All
ting'd

I
i

White Grapes are generally

e

whe

they are tranlp

and

Amber Colour
Grap
in

next the Sun
X

TO
every

pref<

a long while a

npe

ris

ufual

to

tie

up

Bunch
5

Paper Bags, dipped in fweet Oil,

juft before they

fully ripen'd

others gather

them

at that

Time,

d feahng up their End

wi
t
I

f

I

\

I

The Fr u I T -G A R p
with

E

N

lUujlrated.

Wax, hang them
:

fingly in

a

warm Room, which
Method
in a very dry

will

preferv

them a long while
was
to gather

But the very

beft

that I could ever difcove

them when nearly

ripe,
:

Day,

clofin

u

e

Orifices

of their Stalks with

Wax

and then

after havir

g hung about th
eir

Space of
M

Day,

to perfpire

away what

Crudities

they had in

Juices, I put each

Bunch

in a glazed Earthen Veffel, in fuch

Man
u
each
fcal'd

to han

wi thin

Side,

without touch in

any Part thereof 5 and having
I fiird

before prepared a fufficient Quantity of Sand well dried,
s

Pot therewith

?

and then 'With wooden Covers

to

their

Tops,

them down,
^

lb as to let
I

no Air

or Moifture
till

in.

Then

placing

my P

in

a

warm

Cellar,

kept them
three

my

Occafion

recjuir'd

me

to u

Fruits,
"'tis

which was about
real

Months

after their natural Seafon.

my

Opinion, that not only thefe Sorts of

Fruits,

bur Peaches >

Apricots^ Plumbs,

^r. may,

the

fame Method, be kept

many

Months beyond

their

common Time.
away
the Sand from the Bunches,
I

WHEN
in clean
V#

I pour'd

dipped them o
the

Water, made Milk-warm, which wafhed

off the Grit

Sand, and caufed a Kind of a Flew to fucceed.
i

SUMMER'Tears
Perfe(ftion

(like

moft other Summer
ree

Fruits) are in greateft
5

b v a gentle Touch

but thofe

that fall

mealy. generally are themfelves of
to be eaten in like manner, which

AND
wi
Monjieur

fome Autumn

Fruits are

not keep a long while
Johriy^

aftet gathering,

and fuch

are.

the BureeSy

&c.
'T

-V

BOTH
fee
felf

Autumn and Winter
has

Fruits

muft not be gather'd

until

you
your

them
that

then for themfelves, ofF begin to drop

you may aOu
very

Nature

performed

her Part
3

rudent to lay

Wall-Trees our under clean Wheat Straw

Dwarfs, Efpaliers, indeed and
to preferve the
firft

and Standards
;

alfc

wh

the

Kinds are good,

per-

fed

Fruits

from being bruifed
^

AND
come

be fure that you

gather in your Winter

Fruits before the Fr^fts

»

an dry, perfedly are on, and that they
forting Fruits,
at gathering,

free

from

Bruifes
firft,

The
the

beft Method of

uking

the beft

the

t

\

I

ff.

M
^

N

Or

V
I

?
A.*-!.

the next beft, and laftly the fmall ones.

This Method prefer ves "them

from

thofe Bruifes J

w hich

5

cannot be avoided^

when

the feveral Sizes oT
in forting.
L
I

Fruits are gather'd together,

and afterwards tumbled about
V.

r

THE
d the
bei n g

clofer

that

Autumn

arid

Winter
e

Fruits are kept

from the

A

y

lefs

difturb'd in
free
firft

e eping

long

an

b

wi

keep >

war m
5

from Verm ine, which we mufl:
keep in
3

carefully guard.

again

the

the

Windows

clofe >

with fweet Wheat Straw

and

the latter with Traps^ Cats,

&

g

thick

THE
are

feveral
eral

Kinds of Fruits
befl:

w
And
this

follow in the enfuing Chapters,
Itho' I

in

of the

Sorts
ripe

h

placed to every
it is

Fruit, the

Day on which

"'twas

Year

727. yet

not to

e

expeded
I

tW

every Year hereafter will produce them at the fame
Soils alters the

Time
Good
the

have already proved that the different Nature of

nefs

of

Fruits,

and

therefore the
:

fame
as

is

to be underftood in the Scafons
Fruits which

of Ripening and Duration

For

thofe

grow on

Tops of Trees
having
lefs

are fooner ripe than the others nearer to the Roots, they

Nourifiiment communicated to them
Soils,

are Fruits
lefs

much
For

forwarder in dry, fandy, gravelly
Moifture, than Lands that are
tho' Moifture

which have much

Plenty of

more

plentifully ftored therewith

promotes Growth^ yet k

retards ch

ivracurity

of

Fruits

and

'tis

therefore that the

Opening of the Roots of Fruit-Trees
be confiderably forwarder
e
'*

in moift

Land

caufes their Fruits to

AND
Fruits,

fince that the

different

Natures of
'tis

Soils caufe Fruits

to ripen

fooner in one Place than another,
as Pears,

therefore that

fome Peoples Winter

&c.

are ripe and gone before their Neighbours are

fcarcely eatable.
Jt
-**

#^

/

s>

I.

fv

A

p.

TLve F R u
»

I

T-G A

R

t)'E

N

lUujiratel

*

«

/

-

w
'

k1

f

~i

H
fiij.
I

XV.

t.
^

h

Of
1

H
produce
three,

R
their Fruits,

HERRIES
of the

either
.

on the
or

lateral

Snags

two and
only,
,

&c.

Years

Wood

on

the lad Year's

Wood
Fig,
II.

as the early

May^ and Morella

Cherries 7 and

their yearly Sh9ots

fliould not be topp
is

or prun
e

For by

"Plate
It

XVL

which

the

laft

Year's Shoot of

Morella

PP the Shoot which would have been
y,^jiv>

Cherry y

a

ears that

moft of the Jruits
cut

are produced at the

End of

away, had

that Shoot been prun'd

at the

End,

as

is

ufual.
«

V

THE
produces
Fruit this

that tliat

Wood

which

Year^

is

always barren

after,

excepting now^and-tlien

forae few
is

as fuch Spurs, or Fiddes

d

i,

{Fig. III. Plate IV.)
its

where

AB

Year's laft the of Part

Shoots,

with

Buds fwelling

for Bloffonij

and

B

C

the barren

Wood

of two Year's old.
''

NOW
we
all

feeing that the

yearly Shoots become barren

after

once bearing
every Year

Neceffity the taught are thereby
for a Trees, our of the Parts

of preferving new Wood For when Succeffion
their

Care

is

not taken

in their Fruits produce our Trees

extreme Parts only, and

barren wholly are Parts their interior
r

THE

Morella Cherry,

when

well ripen'd,

is

an

ex cell

Fruit tor

the Table,

Preferving, for as well as

and

is

Bearer great very a

Z

THE

r

\

85

O
THE
Fruits in the

M

N

A: Or

^^

i

1

fmall

May-Cherry y

{Fig.

11.

"Plate

XVII.) produces

its

fame Manner

as the preceding,

and

therefore

we mu

the like

Manner

preferve the yearly Shoots to fucceed thofe
:

which produce

Fruits the

fame Year

But fometimes

the

Wood

of two Years old, pro-

duces Fiddes or Spurs, which bring good Fruits, (as

dd

d^

&^

Fig.Y

Plate IV.) the two Years

Wood

of the May-Cherry.
r

THE
%\

yearly Shoots of this Cherry have their

Buds very

nearly

fet

together, zs

dd

d,

&c.

reprefented in Fig. IV. of the fame Plate,
\

and

therefore produce great Quantities of Fruits,

THE
and

HolmanS'fDuh,

{Fig A. Plate
feen

XVH.)

is

an excellent

Fruit,

great Bearer, as

may be

by

the BloiTom^Buds

dddy &c.

{Fig All.
»

Plate ly.) which are fituate on the two Years

Wood B
the
firft

C, near to

whence the
are

laft

Year's Shoot

AB

was produced.
in
:

The Buds hbh^ &c.
Year
after

Leaf-BudsJ

whi ic

prepare themfelves

they are produced ) to bea r Fruits in the fecond

And

the like of the

White znABJackHeart, {Fig. lY,Y.Plate XVIII.) whofe feveral Branches and Buds are in the fame Manner exhibited in Plate IV- Fig. I and II.
1 '

THE

Carnation-Cherry, (Fig.UL

PlateXVL)
late,
it

in
is

good Land,

is

an ex

(

cellent fine large firm

pulped Fruic, comes
If
*tis

and

better

from a Standard

than againft a Wall.
i

well ordered

produces a good Crop, for

it

naturally produces

much

BlofTom, as

and IV. Plate V. where the BlofTom
preparing themfelves for opening
.

may be feen by the Buds Fig. II Buds d d dy &c. Fig. IV. are but
&c.
are

:

But thofe of Fig. ll.hhhy

greatly expanded, even almoft into Bloflbm.
-» *

THE
v

Corone, Gafcoigne,

Bleeding-Heart-CherrieSy being pro

duc'd on Fiddes or

of the two Years
/

Wood

need no further

Explanation.

^''-r

THERE
and therefore
with
their true

are

many

other Kinds of Cherries that are very good.

the Luke^wardy Morifco,

&

which

I

could

procure

Sealbn,

omit

their

Defcriptions until

can gratify the Curious

Reprefentations and Qualities.

\

N.

B.

THJT
•

f

The

F R u I t-G

A RD E

N

lUufirated.

N.

B.

THAT the Leaves
are exa6iJy after

of the feveral

Fmts
hing

reprefented in this
the r6al

Wori,

Nature

itfelf

Inipref'

Jions printed from the

Bad

of every Leaf

nsjhen they nsjeitejirfi

taken from their rejpeifive TreeSi

THE

^

'

'

_m- -

_

•

•

feveral Fruits ari aljo

as

hccurately delineated^

which

/

performed,

hy cutting them exaBly thro' from their Vertexes^ per^
to

pendicuJarly

their

Bafes

3

and then

laying their S€£tions on

Papery

I truly

traced their Oui-lines^ hy the extreme ^arts of their
as

SeSiionSy

and afterwards Jhadowd them

herein exhibited

j

fo

that

I

can jufily fay,

they are a perfe£i

and

exa£i Geometrical

Reprefefitation of Nature*

f"

/

V

X

\r

\

>

••

88

rv
i

MO N
\

J
-'i

T

Or

>

^

«
' 4

«

J

X

»

-

N»
».1?

t,

H

f-

\.

XVL
^^»

'^

\l

4- it

I
-

X
1

.

Of
/

TRICOTS,
laft

AbrlcotSy
"i

g

i

produce Fruits pn the

Year's Shoots, and therefore

we muft

always take care to

preferve

young
which
all

Wood
is

for

a Succeffion, that

when we

are ob-

lig'd to cut out that
as IS fruitfi

barren,

we may

fupply the Stead with that

But

the Fruits are not produc'd

on

the extreme, or laft

Year's Shoots, becaufe the

Wood

of two Years old does generally produce
Fig. IL "Plate

fmall

fruitful

Branches,

2is

bhd. Fig A. and mnho,
-^
i

XIX.

which
-.

like wife

produce good Fruits.
--

THE
2is

fmall lateral Branches are oftentimes naiFd in
1

at full

Len

> J

as

cnh 0, Fig. hh Fig. I

IL but they produce better Fruits

when

cy are pruned

THE
you

firft

ripe Apricots are produc'd at the Joint,
(as at

between the

firft

and fecond Year's Wood,
fee thofe

B, Fig.

III.

'Plate VIII

and IX.) where
"V

Bloflbms are fully blown^ whilft the others above, ^t ccc are not half f( much expanded, becaufe they receive lelTer and

later

Nourifhment from

the

Roots than thofe at
than thofe at
r
(t

B

5

and

in like

manner
that

thofe
are

atdSd,

lefs

and

later

r

3

and

therefore

it is

we

furnifh'd with feveral Crops,

they to ripen all together at

whereby they continue much longer, than were one Time But 'tis always found that the firft
:

Crop

is

the beft.

THE
np e

Mafculine Jpricot,
'tis

{Fig.

I.

¥late XV.)

is

firft

that

is

d when

difcretionally thin'd 3
3

timely gather'd,

is

worth

the Notice of the

moft Curious

but

when

they are fufFer'd

row

m
*

If

I

^e FrUIT-G AR DfeN
in

lUuftratel

89
they

great Quantities,

and gathered before or a

r

they

ij pe,

worth nothin

THE
Fruit

next Apricot

irt

Order of Ripening
is

is

the

Roman
the true

Jpricot,

(Fig,BCDEyTlate XV.) which
gather'd before
'tis

a very great Bearer, and pleafant juicy
to
is

mealy

Orange

Apricot^ which, of the two,
Sorts 3
the Turkey,

much

the beft Fruit

But

th e very beft

Bruxeh

Or Breday

commonly

called the Brujfeh

Apricot

THE
\

Turkey Apricot^ {Fig,
Fruit,

II.

91ate XV.)
is

is

an

excellent,

fine
F

beautiful, pleafant-tafted

but

generally a bad
CO

Bearer

when

over- loaded

with

Branches, 7

accordi ing

the
laid

common
at the

Method

of nailing

theni.

But on the contrary, when
'tis
*

Length oF

their Leaves, as before directed,
after the others,

a Fruit that npens

bout a Month

and continues fome Time.

THE Bruxel Apricot
beft

^

{Fig,

III.)

is

a

npe about

this

Time, an
all the

on a Standard

5

'tis

a very great Bearer, and the very beft of
its

feveral

Kinds of Apricots,

Pulp being always firm, with a

fine brisk

high-flavour'd Juice.
either b^t^Gra
Situation.

'Tis beft propagated
Inoculation.

on the Mufcle-Plumb

Stock,

delights

warm
',*

Soil ancJ

>^

3^

'J

t

^Mf^,^

t^

«
->

a
#^-

.1.

\

po

M

N

A: Or

7

y

H
Of
/

XVII.

u M
their

I

i

L UMB S
as well as

produce

Fruits

on
2iS

the

lafl:

Year's Branches 3
the

on fmall

lateral

Snubs,

a a dj

&c. on

two

Years

Wood,

Fig. IV. "Plate XIX.
*

THE Bloflbm-Buds of
are double, as c
c,

as well as

of Reaches and Jprtcots >

are fingle,

&c. and therefore eafily diftinguifli'd from Leaf-Buds, as i ^, &c. Fig. III. ^late XIX.
Years Shoots have
lateral Shoots, as I

WHEN the
"P/ate

kfl:

H K, FigAll
fliort.

XIX.

'tis

neceflary to reduce

them within an Inch, or an Inch
h k
5

and half of the grand Sh

but thofe that are very

H, may be
/"

left

unpruned
1

THERE
Notice, I

are a

very great Variety of Plumbs, of which

ome

are

I

very good, and o

very bad

">

which

lafl:

bein

worthy of our

ftiall therefore

only have regard to thofe that are valuabl
r

THE.
/

firft
I.

ripe

is

the Jean-hative^
is

White ^rimordian or London
fine clear

Tlumh^ {Fig,
white Flew )

^late XX.) which

of a

yellow.

with a

a great Bearer, and pleafant Juice,

xifcjme^y 1727
as

But

oftentimes

when

this Fruit

is

unskilfully

pruned
at

m

Fig.

"Plate
\

XXI,XXII. where the Shoots
thereby
3

AB

being prun'd

Bloffom-Buds, and

their Fruits

left deftitute

of Leaves which caufed them, are feldom

worth our Notice

for altho' they are within the

Power of Attraction,

and

fupplicd

with the Juices that are attraded up by the Branch
perfpire

C D,
of
I

yet for

want of Leaves they cannot fo well

away

the Crudities

r
*-

k

The

Fruit-Garden
1

lUuftrated.

91
:

of the Nourifliment they imbibe, and
Befides, bein g expofed to the

are

thereby rendcr'd imperfed

Sun and

Air,

their Sap-Veffels are thereby

dried

upJ and con equ ^ n

cannot receive Nouriniment in fo great a

Quantity, as

when

in a fupple duftile State.

THE Red

Trmordian {FigAL TlateXX.)
is

differs

very

little

frodi

the preceding, except in Colour, which

a dark Red, covered with a
its

Violet FleWj and the
nerally in Clufters,
pleafant-tafted. Fruit
i-

Manner of producing

Fruits,

which are ge-

(as Fig, HI. ¥late

XXI and

XXII.)

Tis a very
a Number
h

when

well ripen d, and not too great

upon
une

the Tree
I.

:

It ripens about three

Weeks

after the

Jean-hathey viz

THE
dark
Bearer,

Morocco "Plumh, {Fig. Ill "Plate X^^

IS

id ne Plumb

y

O vety

blackifh Blue, covered with a

light Violet

Flew, a goo

and

ripens about JuJy 14, 1727_«*

on an Eaft-Wall.

THE
ripen'd, as
reddifti Bl

Orleans

^hmb,

{Fig.

W.

9 late XX.)
ne

o
juicy

common,
Pulp when
Tis of
its

yet

i,

very valuable

Plumb >

well for

its

rm

we
!

being a conftant and
3

plentiful Bearer

plealant
)

]n Green yellowifh a and next the Sun,
the Stone

oppofite Parts

the

P

P

^

targe as as generally are Magnitudes common N. B. 4 Ripe XX. 7^7 Plate in reprefented B, prick' i Line A
«p

TBEIR

;

South'WeJi Wall.
t

%
Foderingham ^hmb,
in refpe6t to
its

THE
Sir

Father ingh

{Fig. "Vt.

Sheen the called
William Tempi

be

a fa

^hte tt.} alf( Plumb to
in

!

•

who
Next

liv

d

ac

Sheen

nesit

Richmond
J

Surry
)

?

hath

and firm Pulp very

crifp,

full

of

a

cellent rich

and comes
little

from the Stone
!

the

Sun

'tis

a dark

but a pleafant

Red, a

fpotted,

and

Flew Violet light thin very a with coyer'd
an Cold and Wet J are Seafons hen w hard, fomething ripe before Bloffom-End, its at pen to
very
Fruit
indifferent very but Wall, South-Eaft a gainft
:

«:

}

ITS
at

Skin

1

fuch Times

'tis

Tis an

excellent

when
V^

Efpalier or a Standard

Ripe July

i

7^7

South-Eaft
••-.

Wa

THE
'..

.<

-¥

43
l^.

.

I'

i
-*

A

'*

4

^

*

\. » »•
t V

«

I

^*

02

O M ON
«

-f

A: Or
a»'

'^

?

>

THE
beautiful
tis

ImpertaJy {Fig.

V-

3^/^^^

XX.) or Red Bonum Magnum^
5

IS

a

but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw

and
IS

therefi

oftner

u fed

Baking

Preferving

5

&

an

much

efteem'd,
i

by

the Curious: Ripe July 15. North- Weft

Wall

1 .

THE
for the

Violet

Tluml
:

{Fig, VII.) an old but valuable

Plumb,

either

Table or Tarts

The Pulp

is

of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd
3

with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew
Bearer,
\
(^

'tis
\

a great

and worth the Notice of the moft Curious

:

Ripe July

5,1727.

Weft Wall.

I

THE

Royal

(or Sir Charles Worfleys)
its

Fig. VIII. Tlate

XX.)
eaves
\
I

fo called in refpeft to

very rich fugar'd juicy Pulp,

which

to the Stone, and

is

covered with a light

Red about
to rot

the Bloffom-End >

with faint red Specks from the fame. endi in
beft in
ripe

in a yellowifli

Green

:

Tis

warm

moift Lands, bein

fubjecft

upon the Tree before
its

in

wet Lands,
'Tis a
:

and-Iofes very

plavour.

good Bearer J

much and may e

of

fine^

rich 5

aci
-.;

juftly plac'd

in the

firft

Rank of Plumbs

Ripe July 20, 1727. South-^Eaft Wall.

THE
cellent

Blue or
5

Violet Terdrigon, (Fi£.

IV

^7^f^ XXIIL)

is

an exViolet

Plumb

its

Pulp richly fugar'd, and covered with a

fine

Flew, fomething yellowifli with

T

very beft in England

:

Ripe July 2 o.

good Bearer, and one of the Weft Wall

THE
#
Pulp
it,
ii

White "Perdrigon {Fig. V. flate XXIII.)
J

is

a yellowifli

Plumb >
Its

fometimes fpotted with reddifh
•1

d with a white Flew

yellow within^ very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending and comes from the Stone, but the Sk often fomething bitterifli.
:
'

Tis a good Bearer

Ripe Jugufi
^

i

.

Weft Wall
'x

'

A.

THE Mml
Plumb
5

'Perdrigm

(Fig.

Ill,

<Plate XXIII.)
,

is

an excellent
I 1
I

Pulp comes from the Stone very firm full of a rich gar'd d with an almoft black Skin, and fine Violet Flew y Ripe July 1 o. Weft Wall
its
^.

5>

THE
^'

•<

V

'-jc^;-;^^

.t^

1

-

4
i

s.

f

The

Fru IT-G ARD
Terdugon, {Fig. L

.e
FX

*i

E
%

NT

JUuflrated,
vt^\

n
4

m

f-

THE
Fru
1

&r«9

P//jf^ XXIII.)

is

a

moft

beautiful
>

>

d with a
ripen'd,
harfli

Cnmfon Red
its

and

aint

Pearl-colour'd

when well
fomething

J
Rip

are

\ ery agreeable,

which othcrwifc

and

acid

u

ao, Weft Wall.

THE Chejton
Fruit
I

9lumh,
'

Fig. IL "Plate XXIII.)

is

a moft delicious
its

rich

d therefore

defc

a South Eaft Wall
':

5

Colour

IS

a deep

Indigo, covered with a fine Violet Flew
fore

Tis

a

good Bearer,
r

at

d

no Gentleman

that

delights in thefe Fruits fliould be without
i

Klpc July 15. Weft Wall
/
t
-i

\

r

THE
Plumb,
the Stone,

Maitre Claude, iFtg,
of a fine
rich Juice,

YL

"Plate

Villi)

i§*

another excellent

full

and a firm Pulp, which comes from
Mixture of Red and Yellow

and cover'd with
^3

eautiful

Ripe

u 7

South-Eaft Wall.
«*
„i>

^'

THE
Pearl-

Reme

Claudia, ot

^een

Claude, {Fig, VIH.
Suti

"P^e

XXIIf.)

is

an excellent Plumb, yellow next the

when

ripe >

and covered with a
very firm^ comes

fi-om the Stone,

and

is

very

uice, a

*

good

Bearer
*
J

:

Ripe Jugujl

S'.

Weft Wall.

THE
k

White Mirahle, (Fig. VH. ^Iqte XXIII.)
great Bearer
5

is

a fmall Amber-

colour'd Plumb, and a

its

Pulp cornes from the^ Stone >

and
very
\

is

vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice.

The

^^_*

Fruits are
Biit

richly fugar'd,
finer againft

even when produc d on Standards, or Dwarfs,

much

an Eaft or South- Eaft Wall

:

Ripe ^uly zo, i/z/

from a Standard.

T H E White
of a
>
»i

Matchlefs, {Fig.

I Plate XXI V.)
d with a white

is

a beautiful Fruit,

yellow Colour,
is

rl

Wh en

this

Fruit

well ripen d, us an excellent
is

Plumb, but
5

if eaten beforejis ripe,

I

f

the Pulp

fgrnething harfli

and

acid

tis

a tolerable good Bearer

Wall Weft Rive July 14, 17^7'
i
r

^^
^Mr-

[j;^^

THE
i
f,
^-.-1

.^*?V

y

:

/

94

M
i

N
r

I

A: Or

J

%

THE
Vfc

Black ^amojine^ {Fig.
its

IJ.

^Iate XXIV,)

is

a very pleafant
5

d Pli^pb, upon
f.

Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd
greenifh

its

Pulp

comes from the Stone ?
a blackifii Blue>
Bearer
:

Yellow within, vpry deep or
fine

rather

d with a

Viokt Flew

3

'

3

tis

a very

o6d

Ripe July 25^ 17x7. Eaft Wall
-,

1

/

THE ^en
when
is

Mother, {pig. Ill

TlmXXlV.) h
which

an excellent
its
r

Fruit

fully ripen

d

fo as to

be a

little fhri vel'd

on the Tree 5

rich

Pulp

yellowy within,

comes from

the Stone
is

very fmall in Prop
its

tion to the

Whole 5 next
3

the Sun

a dark Red, which lofes

felf

with

a few red

in

a dark Yellow

T

a very

good Bearer

but in

fome wet

Soils 'tis

very fubje^t to be Maggot-eaten within-fide
*>

Ripe

Augufl 12 J

727. South Wall

THE
Stone
,

Green Gage, {Fig. IV.
;

'Plate
r ichly

XXIV.)
fugar'd,
Skiri

is

another of the very

beft Plunmbs
3

its

Pulp

is

g

y

and comes from the
^

ys cover'd with a greenifh yellow

wh

when

ripe >

hati1

Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew Th > ^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^ Mother^ is very fubjed to Worms or Maggots in wet Seafbns : 'Tis a gve^t ^ec^ret xK^xett vrcii pruned, and is an excellent
little

a

Fruit

even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but

much

better againft a South-Eaft

Wall

Ripe

'July

727. Eaft Wall

THE prab-^or, ot Cloth of Gold,
x

{Fig. V. 'Plate

XXIV.)
fnlljr ripe,
is

oth'er

mofl
>

valuably; Plutrib

its

Pulp

is

richly fugar'd

when

1

yellow

^i

within, and comes clean from the Stone
"bellow, fpeck'd with

Out'fide

a deep beautiful

Red, and
:
-X'

d with

very light Pearl-colour'd

Flew

very great Bearer

Ripe July 20. Weft Wall

r

J

THE.

St.

Catherine

{Fig. IV. Plate

XXIV.)
it

is

an excellent good

Plumb, when
great Bearer
:

difcretionally thin'd

on the Tree,

being naturally a very

The

Pulp
3

is.

very fir;n and fw
,

)

yellow

ithin^

but

cleaves to the Stone
\

Qut-fide
X

15,

an Ambcr-colour, cover'd with

whitifli

Flew.

IN
rated
'

a wet Seafon

'tis

fubjed to

Worms which
r

I

believe to be
3

-

the Crudities of the Sap,

g

want of

Perfpiration

becaufe

when
:i

I
(

*.--

u -•-

1

.-:

The
when

Vkt IT-G ARDEN^
nm

Illufiratedi

'9«

they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo

much

afFeifled

therewith
..>

KifcJugT4jl 12, 1727. Eaft Wall.

i

T HE Tellow ^iap
is

2>iap
5 7

d "PIurn b,
its

(Fig: IV.

9hu xxir.)
as

a fmall but very good Fruit

Pulp

is

a beautiful YelloW with
ftiuft

and without, and comes 'from
f

the Ston

be eaten

on

as

ather'd, being fomething

mealy when kept a Day

two

afterwards

RTpe* Jugufl '6;\7i7, Eaft

Wall
Tlate

THE
Fruit
5

Turkey Tlumb,
Pulp
is

XXV.)

is

a large beautiful

fts

of

ia

greenifli

Yellow within, very
ripe
:

fweet,

and cover'

with a pleafant

blackifli

Red when

'Tis

a tolerable good Bearer

Ripe^^f/y 20, 1727. South Wall.

THE
Tlate

Mogul
alfo

'Plumh
called

or White

B.

Mag
'tis

>

{Fig

n
very
tis
1

XXV.)

the

White Holland, or "Dutch Tluml, an ex
^

cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving

when

ripe

its

Pulp

is

yellow within,

well as

without, and cover'd with a

fine

white Flew
ripe
J

The Pulp
Eaft Wall

flicks to

the Stone, hath a fine fliarp

Acid when

very good Bearer, and a beaiftiful'tr

l^ii^crJt^Uji 20,

1717 South

A

THE
being
firft

Wentwrth

flumh, Fig. IV. Tlate

XXV.)

fo called

from

its

Elrl of the Honourable Right the of Gardens planted in the

at Strafford

Tkoichnham

:

Its

Form, Colour, and Tafte,

are

exacfbly

the

?ame
in

as the

Mogule
it,

5

but as the
it is

Mog^h
a

cleaves to the Stone, this

parts freely
I

from

and

therefore
3

looked upon

to
:

be the very beft
Ripe Augujl 20 ;

Plumb

England

for Preferving

'tis

good

Bearer

i

Wall. South-Eaft 727.

THE
/

Imperatrke, {Fig. HI. 'Plate

XXV.

called

by fome

th

late

Violet ?

Blue ^erdrigon)
the

is

a moft

delicious Fruit
>

when
is

fufFer'd

to

hang on

Tree

until

'tis

a

little

ftiriverd

Pulp

a greenifli Yellow

Acid, fugar'd fine a with within, vaftly rich,

and

cleaves to the Stone
7

The
good

Oot.fidc
Bearer
:

is

a blackifli

Red,

Flew Violet cover'd with a fine Wall South-Eaft 727.

tis

Ripe September 10,

THE

.

96
mi

t\

MON
{Fig,
I.

Or;

?

?

THE Wbite
1
*

Pear "Plimh

TIate IIV,)
alfo,

is

another excellent
its

Plumb
I

for Prefervin^,

and the Tabic

when

fully ripe,
5

Juice

bein
is

very agreeably mix'd with a pleafant fugar'd Acidity
5

the

Pulp

a yellowifli Green^ cover'd with a fine light Flew
ripens late, Septemher 10,

^tis

a good Bearer,

and
+

1727. North Wall.

N.

B.

THE
it

Black Pear Plumb,
5

(Fig. IL)
tts

is

an

excellent

Fruit fc

Baking and Treferving
yet

an

ahh

a

n^ery

common

muji not therefore he defptsd^ as wife Fhrifls do good Flowers
they become

when

common

in e^very

Mans Garden lejides

their

own.

» *

1^

a

*

—^1^1

J
p

i

t

v

-*\

v^

,v-»

/

*ii

>^

/

.

The

R

UIT

AH DEN

iJInftratcd.

91

K^n

Alphabetical
their

TABLE
Times

the preceding of

Plumbs,
differe ti

e^chihiting

Ripenln

or

and

Afpedls.
Ripe.
'ffpcffs.

Cheston
I

'July

ly,

1

Weft Wall
Soiith-Eaft,

Catherine
Drab-d'or

^Ug. 12 f
U

20 3
J

Weft.
Eaft.
Faft.

DiArRE Tel/ow
Damosine Black

Aug
u
y^z/y
,

I

M
F

>

fotheringham

14^

So I It Ii- Eaft,
Eaft.

Green Gage
Jean-Hative
Imperial

y//i^

30,

June
10

Soutli-Eaft,

.Norch-Wcft.
Sept,

Imperatrice

Sourh-Eaft.

Mir ABLE White Morocco
Maitre Claude
Matchless White
Orleans
primordian

lO
u

Standard.
Eaft.
*

M

July 23,
July 24

South-Eaft.

t

Weft.
South-Eaft.

Perdrigon Blue
Perdrigon White
Perdrigon
Aug.

10
1
>

Weft.

We
Weft.
*

•if

Musk

lo July
July 50 >

Perdrigon Cerney

Weft.

Queen Mother Royal
Reine Claudia

Aug.
u

\

1

South
South-Eaft,

20 J

Weft.

Turkey
t

20
>
-^

South.
>
j-t

Violet
..V-

J^b
—
b

M

Weft.
South-Eaft.

Wentworth
Plumb Phar White
r
I

-^w^. 2 o
>

North.

c

i

t

'T

MON

A: Or

;

-:

H
0/"

XVIIL
</»i

PEACHES
LTHO'

NECTARINES.
in
their

\

Nedlarines differ from Peaches
their
5

Colour^

V

Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet

Propagation and

Manner of Pruning, ^r:
treating

are the

fame

fo that

when

am

on

the ordering

of Peach-Trees, the fame

is

to

be underftood of

Neftarine Trees.

ALL
Wood >
the

Kinds of Peaches prod
as

the
II

Fruits
III.

upon

the

laftYear
>

A

)

Fig, VII.

^hte
th
\]c

and

which never bears
as

but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards,

CD

E, on B F

two Years Wood

d

/fhc /mall

Sfioots

DEFG, (i^-.X.)
Seafon

produced from, the two Years
'tis

Wood X

W of

the Catherhie Peach

therefore that

pref(

a

fufficient

we muft always, during the Summer Quantity of new Wood to fucceed the old
*

THE Bloflbm-Buds of Peaches
than the Leaf-Buds
i i /,

Jll,&c. being very plump, and larger

&€.

are eafily diflinguifli'd

from them, when

we

come to make Choice

thereof at the
'".1

Time of
.^r^

Pruning.

IT

appears

by

the Shoots of the Apricot

{Eg.

III.

Vlate VIII, IX.)
than thofe at

that the Bloffoffls at the

extreme Parts

much weaker
in

B

For as the extreme Part

A

was produced when the Vigour of

the Sap

was over, and the Seafon colder than
very

the Spring, they are therefore

weak and immature

5

and

'tis

for this

Reafon

that the

Ends of young

Branches, which are produced late in the Spring, are prun'd.
V r
'•>^,^

BUT
t

-.1

The

FrU I T-G AR DEN
is

IHuJirated.

99

BUT

fince that there

not (b

much as one Leaf-Bud between B and A
muft not be prunjd, becaufe
to the Bloffoms )

>

therefore that at

A,

the extreme Bud,

other Leaf-Bud to attrad

Nourldiment

dpcrip

away

the Crudities thereof 5 for
off, the

was

that Shoot to
perifli

have the Leaf-Bud

A

prun'd
if

whole Branch would

when

the Fruits are ripen'd,

any happen to grow thereon.

AND

'tis

the very fame in the Branches of

Peach-T
Its

or was

the Branch

A

B, Fig, VI. "Plate VIII and IX. to have
it

leading

Bud

A

prun*d away,

would
II

die as aforefaid

5

but

if

the lad Year's Shoot

A B,

Fig. VII. ¥late
die. becaufe }

and

III.

were to be prun'd

at the

Bud

/,

it

would not

it is

extreme the Nature and of the lame as a Leaf-Bud, 9

Budi&

THERE
Vlate
II

are

many Kinds of
which
is

Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds

near tot heir BlofTom Buds, as

Fig, VUL n^&c. and n n Bfff.&c.Fig.YL

and

III.

a very great

Advantage to the
as well

Fruits, in

ftrongly attrading Nourifliment to them,

as freely perfpiring

away

the Crudities thereof.

.

and IX. VIII Plate IV.

and

BCD, &c.
and
'tis

Fig>

I.

Plate

XL

the laft Year's Shoot of the Albemarle

Peach

always
fruitful

;

feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the

bed

tailed and moft

w

PEACHES

have a very
of their

and

beautiful

Diffi

m
being
f<

the
the

Magnitudes and Colours
generality very large

Bloffom

The

earlieft

and

beautiful,

as the old

Nemngton,

Fig. II.

Plate

II,

Fig. VI.

&c. Peach, Albemarle the and IX. VIII, Plate III. and Fig, VI. very yet but fmall, very Kinds late the And III. Pl^te
the

I

beautiful in

Kinds, as the Cath
'Plate

y

Fig. VIII. Tlate

II, III.

the
/

V. Ftg. &c. Jdmkahle, kte

VHI, II

\

Quantity their upon much very depends Goodnefs of Peaches the Trees upon thick very left when thing any worth never are for they old the good makes which Temper, covetous a by which is always done

THE

iProverb, All covet, All

lofe.

THIS

V

f

lOO
'-

MON
on one
fingle Tree,
in the

:0r

?

THIS

very Year I number'd 103

Dozen of
which

Early, or

Smkh'sNew^
general \^ery

ington Reaches,

Garden of a very reputed
ein

Gardener for the Management of
fmall,

Fruits,

in

and

infipid tafted,

were

fold at

Market

for Six-pence

per Dozen

Now

had Nature been kindly treated with, and burden'd with 10 or 15
only, inftead of fo

Dozen

many, fhe would have been able
all

to ^have

produced them with their true Taftes, and
greatefl:

other Qualities, in the

Perfedion.
/

HAVING
fliould

already

laid

^down

the Difiances that the Branches

be

laid

from each bther^

(q^tz. the

Length of

their

Leaves)

ic

only remains to fiiew
Branches, which
is

their Difiances that

they fliould ripen at upon the

exhibited

by

Fig.

II.

"Plate

XI Vf.
we'll proceed to

-

THUS
themfelves.

far

by

Way of

Preliminary

5

now
J

the Fruits

I

'

F

v..

THE
I.

_

•"

firft

Peach
XXVII.)
its

White Nutmegy or Early White ^each 7
Juice
is

I

(Fig,
t

"Plate
?

fvveet

and fomething musky 5 when
rather
I
^

well ripen d

Col

very
B-

hr y
\

a pale Green

B

Rip e

UfJ£

'>

P
<''

\

South Wall
--.

('

THERE
!

is

alfo another Sort

of Nutmeg "Peach, which
after the

is

called the

Nutmegs or Troy Teachy which ripens foon
meg^ and
is

White Nut-

a great Bearer alfo

:

Its Fruits are

generally fomething larger
beautiful,

than the other, but in Tafte

much

the

fame , having a
j

broken 9

Vermilion red Colour next the Sun.
r

I
m

THE

Ann

<Peach, Fig. ll.9late XXVII.)

is

a fmall, but very good
H

Peach, fucceeding the

Nutmeg

>
:

Pulp

is

very pleafant^ and comes
r
-

from the Scone

5

tis

a good Bearer

Ripe July 10, 1727. Eaft Wall
^

ThiERed
fiill

Magdalene, {Fig. V.

"Plate

XXVII.)

good

Fruit,
is

zn^
very
*tis

of a rich fugar'd J
alfo the Infid'e

comes from the Stone y
of the Pulp next about
itfelf
it 3

W hich

V ed

>

next the Sun

a

blackifli

Red

which

lofes

in a

faint

Green

?

tis

a

ood Bear

Ripe July 20. South Wall
*.

THE
t

;

/

m
s

The

R U

I

T

A R

D

E

N

lUuftrat cd

loi

ft

THE
}

White
is

MagMane,

(Fig. VI. Plate

XXVU.) comes from

the
it
is

I

Scone, which

of a hght Cinamon Colour.
it

The Pulp
next the
is

next to

very white, excepting that Part of
i

which

is

Rib of

the Stone,

which
I

is

a

little

ting'd

with

Red
Juice,

:

The

Pulp

of a great Subftance,
'tis

_/

full

of a

fine

fugar'd

win

and melting

5

a good Bearer

Ripe Ju

}o.

Weft Wall.

THE
for the

Tuteon de Venice {Fig, IV. ¥latel\\U,)
like
it
:

is

commonly

taken

White Magdalene, being very
is

It

comes from
it is
J
•

the Srone

which

a
it

Cinamon Colour, but
only
differs

the

Pulp next about

a light Green

wherein
Fruit,

firom
:

e

White Magdalene p

us a

very

good

and a great Bearer

Ripe July 20. South- Weft Wall.

N.

B.

BO TH

thefe

lafi

Reaches have very

little

Red

in

them next

the Suny heing chiefly a pale Green.

THE
which
Juice
is
is

Ro%anna
a

{FigAW.
5

"Plate

XlVll^ comes
it

rom

the Stone
Its
)

brown Colour
y
rich,
'tis

the Pulp next about
in

is

very Green

vei

and therefore

great Efteem amon
it

the Curious
3

next
great Bea

Sun

very Red, which lofes
?ft

felf in

a faint Green

'tis

a

Wall.

alfo 'Plate XXVIII.) (Fig Nemngtoi Smith's 3 Bearer great and good Fruit, very a 3 Early Newington^ is in Op but my Nemngt the Old like } firm and very
y
i

THE

called the

Pulp
.

IS

much

r

fliort

of that moft delicate Fl
It

which the Old Newington abound
is

with

and Stone, the to adheres clofely
157

of a beautiful Red next the

Sun
-

Ripe July

727. South- Eaft Wall
Pulp abounds with a
fine
5

r

THE
as
is

Minion,

{FigM
and

Plate XXVIII.)

its

rich fuaar'd Juice,

adheres clofe to the Stone,
:

which

is

a dark

Red
full

Sun the next Outfide alfo the

The

Pulp

is

very firm, an

i

fmall red Spots under
cellent Fruit,

Skin, the of Part red the
:

when

pared

3

'tis

an ex

and a good Bearer

Ripe July

2 o.

South Wall.

THE
Fruit J

HYlll) Plate (FigAll NoMefs,
its

or Noilejl y

is

an excellent

and truly worthy o

Name

:

It

which Stone, the from comes
has

D

:

"iT

\

I

02
has a Peek
/

O
rifing

M
pper

N
End 5
is

A: Or
like that

•>

5

-

on

its

of the Fru

?

of a

brown
\

Colour, deeply indented, with

many

'Fibro
full

Parts of

Pulp

clofely
i

adh

to

The
Red

colour'd with

) D next the Stone, and ftreak'd with dark Streak
^

Pulp

melt

o

a

delicious

J

f Red without
Sout
t

next the Sun

5

a

ood Bearer

Rip

u

20)

7^7

f

\5rall

THE
Pulp
is

Monialon {Fig, IV. Vhte
tender
:

XXVIH)

is

an excellent Fruit

>
IS

Its

elti

comes from the Stone
Pulp next the ^tone
is
is

which

a

brown Red

The

Infide of the

mix'd with light
'tis

Red, but the Outfide next the Sun
Bearer
:

a deep

Red

3

a very

ood

Ripe

Jtily jo.

South Wall.

THE
I

Bordlne, (Fig.Y. "Plate

XXVIH.)
+

is'

a very valuable Fruit

J

Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous Tafte

nd of

lovely

Red
\

next the Stone, which

is

of a dark Cinamon Colour
:

which

fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres
lofi es

Next
in

the

Sun a fudden Red, which
CIS

felf
:

wi

fm a
>

Spots of

Red

a yellow Green

a

ood

Bearer

Ripe July

7^7 Weft Wall
{Fig.
is

THE
/

Newington

Ne6i^

I.

Plate XXIX.)
full
its

its

Pulp

clofely

adheres
u

the Stone, which

very red,

of an

excellent ric
it is

;

I
i

hen

perfe<5i:Jy ri'p
3

which

is

known

hansinff until
is
:

a

little

fhriverd
it felf

its

outward Colour next the Sun

very

red,

which
3

lofes

a ftron

Yellow

5

"'tis

a good Bearer
1;

Ripe July

7^7

South Wall.

/

THE
the Sun,

Roman Ne6iorme,
which
is

(F/^:. II.
is

Plate XXIX.)
its
r

its

Pulp

clofely

J

adheres to the Stone, which
loft in full

very red^ as alfo

outward Skin next
'tis

a fine deep

Yellow

f

Wh en

w ell
5

ripen'd
'tis

'tis

\

an excellent Fruit,
Bearer
:

of a

ne delicious fugar'd Juice

a

good

4

Ripe

"July jo.

South Wall.

THE
b
lof(
\

EJruge Ne^orine, (Fig.

III.

Plate XXIX.) has a
it 5

foft

meltin

Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about

but the Stone

Red
felf in

The
i7

Out'skin

is

a very black

Red
5
'tis

next the Sun^ which

a yellowifti Green next the

Wall

a very good Bearer

p

Ripe July

South Wall

t

THE
*

97j
i»^

f>

Fr

U

I

T-G AR D EN

lUnJirated.

103.

THE
moft
is

/ifj//^«,

oi-

Bvumon

Neftorhie^ {F!g. IV. tP/^r^ XXIX.)

IS

a

excellent, rich, vinous-flavour*d Fruir,

when
is

well ripcn'd

}

itsP u
is

very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which
lofes
it

very red, as alfo
pleafant

the

out Part next the Sun, which

felf

in a

Yellow

:

Ripe

Auguji6, 1727. South-Weft Wall.

THlB
f
i
\ y
(

Golden 'Nedomiey (called
r

fome J

o

fallly 5

le

Teinph
is

Ne0^
very

Fig* V-)
light

its

Pulp adheres very

clofe to the Stone,

which

of

i

Brown^
)
•

or Snuff

Colour

:

'Tis very yellow withi n as well
'tis

i

without, excepting next the Sun, where
Streak s o
the rerore

intermix'd with Spots and

S

1

Red

?

tis

a

rich flavoured Fruit

when

well ripen 'd 3
flirivel'd
i

flhould
:

not be gathered

fomething

*tis

a

good Bearer

Ripe Augujh xo. Weft Wall

^
V.

i
r

Jdmhalk, is wh it to next Pulp Colour the Cinamon is a which of Stone > 5 AdmhabJe called juftly be may it Tindures of few Red with fome
a
{Fig.
If.

THE

"Plate

XXX.)

comes

rom

the

:

regard to
\

its

fine

delicious melting Pulp
lofes

The
felf in

Part
a

the Sun
?

ftreaked with pleafant Red, which

ght Yellow

tis

good Bearer

Rip

Auguft

y

717. South-Eaft Wall

THE
which
r

Temple Ne^anne

{Fig-

1.

"Plate
is

XXX.) comes from
white next the Stone,

the Stone

is

a

Cinamon Colour 3

the Pulp

m

eiti

and

full

of a

acid. fomething Juice, rich ne
loft in a yellowifli

Next
y

the
tlS

Sun

'tis

o

X

is which Red, Carnation Wall. Weft K\v^ Septemher 4.

Green

good Bearer

THE 9afs-rhht
I.
I

^

{Fig. HI. "Plate

XXX.)

or 2)

e

Troy "Peach 7

Tafte it about next red very being Stone, the from its Pulp comes Orang an of is its outward Coat but Red the like is very 1717 6 Ripe Red Angufi > brownifh with dotted

Colour,

faintly

Eaft Wall.

THE
%
tis
«

Wvet

{Fig. IV.

"Plctie

XXX.) comes from
but
dark

the Scone,

which

very red

about next Pulp alfo the

w ith
Red

ry yello

Fruit melting ) fugar'd rich fine a

next the Sun,
-r

which
IS

\

'-

X

104.
a faint
^^

M
IS

N

A: Or
:

)

L

I

loft

in

Yellow

5

'tis

a good Bearer

Ripe Jugtifi

>

1727

Eaft Wall.

THE
in

Turple Alberge )

{Fig,

V.

"Plate

XXX.)

o

call e

3

ein

lofes felf which Bloflbm-End, d with a Coat of Purple about the and within. is yellow Pulp its Yellow blended with 5 dark Red,

ery

about the Stone^ from which

it

parts
3
.

'Tis a

moft

del

rich juicy Fruit,

and a good Bearer

:

Ripe Angujl

Eaft Wall.
{ 9

THE
whi c
IS

Violet- Hat

he

Fig. VI. 'Plate XXX.)
the

comes from the Stone 3
the Bulge a
is

o

a

Red on
to the

Edges, but on

Chocol^

Colour
fofter

:

Next

Sun

'tis

a very dark Red, which
is
:

foftned off
>

Red, which at length

loft with fmall red Sp
Its

Ground
ever
is

blended with
tafted,
it

Red and Yellow
Ripe Juguji.

J

is

the

moft del

far

that notwithftanding Ne^wington, excels the Old
:

ex

cellent a Fruit

8.

Eaft Wall.

THE
ich

Old Nemngton
is

{Fig.

I.

"Plate

XXXI.)
very

its

Pulp

clofely adheres

to the Stone, which

of a lively
very firm

Red^and
ripe >

full

of a moftdelidous

J

5

Pulp

is it

when

and of a beautiful Red
ripe
It is

the Sun, which lofes
different Bearer
-I

felf in yellowifli
I'd

Green when

but an

in thick with
laid

Wood,

but the reverfe, (as
Inches apart

before noted)

when

the Branches

about

Rip

JugMjt
(
\

6.

South Wall.

from comes VlateXXKl) {FigAL Alhmarle ^W^ Stone the Pulp the but f a brownifli Red 3
ery great Thicknefs
r

the Stone, whicl 1
fine Vermilioi
.

\

1

Red
very
foftned off,

Pulp
Sun
'tis

melting

and

full

of

5

vinous

nice

:

Next

the

very dark Red, which

is

'

\

and
a

loft in a yellowifli Green,
:

fet

very thick with fmall red

/

3

'tis

aood Bearer

Ripe Juguji
t

8.

South Wall

f
ft

THE
pagated
r
fel I

Brookes "Peachy fo called
it

from the Lord Brooks, who
in

firft

pro-

I

in

Gardens

at

Tmckenham
'tis

Middlefex,

{Fig. Ill
lofes

Sun the to Next XXSI.) ^late
ith

of a

fine

Vermilion Red > which

fmall red Sp
;

yellowifli
fro

Green

Th
which
is

Pulp

of very

great
\

Su'ofta
1

comes

m

Stone?

of a Cinamon
is

Colou r

3

tne inward Part of the

Pulp next about the Stone

very

white
?

*

The
f

Fruit-Garden

Illuftrated.

lo$
'tis

f white
\

•

its

Juice

is

very delicious, and the Pulp melts in eating

5

1

very good Bearer

:

Ripe J^guji

8.

Weft Wall.

THE
Fruit
\

Hemskirk, {FigAV. "Plate XXXI.)

is

» a moft beautiful delicious
which
is

5

the

Pulp has a fmall Adherence to
it
:

the Stone,

of a dark
is

red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about

Its

Outfide next the Sun

a very
Part,

deep or

blackifli
is

Red, which goes off gradually towards the back
j

which

fet

very thick with fmall red Spots
:

'tis

a very flefhy Fiuk 3

and

a

good Bearer

Ripe Jugt^Jt

8,

1727. South^Eaft Wall.
r

THE Bellows,
ii

{Fig.
Its

V.

"Plate XXXI.)

very great
e

feear^r,
is

and
a
li

V

i

excellent
!

good

Fruit
e

Pulp comes rrom
a bout
It

Stone, which
y

Brown, and
r
I

Pulp next

very
:

wh
Its

with a Tindlurc

Red

next the Cleft or
is

Edge of

the Stone

Skin,

which

freely

!

peel off,

of a pleafant

Red

next the Bloflbm-End >
:

and

o
I.

it

fclf

with fmall red
Wall.

Specks in

a yellowifii Green

Ripe Juguji

Weft

THE
f

Sm^ake otSwolz^,

{Fig.

I 91

XXXII.)
Its
?

is

faid

be

firft

brought to England by the Lord
the St
t

"PetethoYough

Pulp comes from
y

which
larg
is

is

very red

we

the Pulp next about

an

commonly

Very deep
'n<r

Red, which
Juice
is

foftned off with fmall red Sp

:

Yellow

5

Its

very

rich,

and

good Bearer

:

Ripe Auguji

I.

Weft Wall

THE
[

"Pai^y

Royal {FigAL
3

5P/^^^ XXXII.) comes from
its

Stone
Stone,

which
\

is

of a

Cinamon Colour

Pulp

is

very#red about
in

s
Outfid
is
is

Pavy or Peach beft the to Juice equal
a black Red,
beautifully ftrip'd

the

World

:

Its

with a^ fine Vermilion Red,
'tis

which
\

yellowifii a in off foftned
in,
it

Green

5

a very

good

Bearer,

and

were

it

very in nail'd be to
in

ver)r the be Difputc, without would,
}

beft Peach

England

:

Ripe JtigtjP

727. Eaft Wall

THE
which
r
>

Torp

(%.
befor
y

III.
:

is

brown and red both
if

Stone, die from Tlate X)CXII.) xomes very is Stone the The Pulp next about
pe,
is
m

and,

eaten

quite

has

Old the of ery much
finer
T'

New
r

igton

Tafte in

but the Juice

much
e

when

fully ripen
%
•

Rip e

JuguJl 14 3
I

yzn. Eaft Wall

THE

«

r,

iq6
V
\

M
^

N

Or

7
i

THE
its
c
?

Rickets Teach, {Fig.lV. "Plate XXXII.)
firft

called in

1

egard to
:

bei in

ropagated
c

by Mr. Rkkets,
is

late

a Nurfery-man at Hoxton

comes

fro

m

Scone J which
5

of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge
is

\

of

Red

in the Clefts

the

Pulp next the Stone

of a beautiful
is

Red J
"^

I
w

I

which
f

lofes it felf in

an almofl: tranfparent white Pulp, which
:

meltin

i

and very
is

full

of a very fweet delicious Juice

its
is

Outfide next the Sun
fofcned

of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which

off with very
:

fmall Spots In a light yellow

Ground

-,

'tis

a good Bearer

Ripe Juguji

ij > 1727
1

South- Weft Wall.
V
'
*

TW^ Late Admlrahle
which
is

(Fig-V- 'P/^teXXXU.) conies from theStone,^
to which
it
is

\

a

Cinamon Colour,
:

adheres

many

Fibrous Particles

of the Pulp

Next

the Stone
5

a very deep Red, melting,
is

and

full

of an excellent
Sun,

rich Juice

the Out-skin

of a pleafant

Red

next the
pleafant

which
5
"'tis

is

foftned* off with

very mihutef Spots,- into a
:

Yellow

a very

good Bearer

Ripe Auguji 24, 1727. South Wall.
A

_

THE Bell Che^reufeyCommotiTy called Che^erufe, [FigA^P^late XXXIlI.)
K

comes from the Stone, which
t.

is

of a light

trown Colour
is

5

and next
full

it

the Pulp
•

is

of ^a pleafant Vermilion Red y which
a

IS

ofa
is

f

i

fbft fugar*d

Juice

:

"The Ouc-skm next the Sun
5

a ftrong Red, that

foftned off in a light Green
^

^tis
•

good Bearer

:

Klpc Augufl 24, 1727.

South- Weft Wall.

^

-

^

THE Burdock
which
is

{FigAL Plate XXIHI.)
'

its

Pulp adheres to the Stone J

of a Cinamon Colour
full

5

tis

of a very great Subftance, very
Jiiice
:

rm^ and
is

of a moft delicious;rich
is

Its

Outfide Inext the Sun

a beautiful Vermilion Red, which

foftened off with fmall red Spots
ts

in a pleafant

yellow Green
:

5'

tis

a

good Bearer^ and

good a

Fruit as
£\

any of the Kind

Ripe Aiigufi 30, 17274 South Wall
f•^^

n
r

THE
of a
1^

oiwn 9

or RumluJion, {Fig,
is

III.

Tlate XXXIII.) comes

fiom the Stone, which
light

of a Cinamon Colour 3 the Pulp next about

Red, and

it's

inward Pulp of a fine Yellow
is

5

'tis

full

of a

fine

vinous rich Juice, and
is

an excellent Fruit
is

:

The

Outfide next the
.*

Sun
\
i

a fine pleafant Red, which
:

foftned into a

ght Yellow
z-

a'

good Bearer

Ripe Septemhe

Weft Wall

.-

THE
1

\

4

The

Fr

u

I

T ^G A R D

EN

lUujiratel

107

r-

/ i

THE ItaUan
which
IS

T^each (F/^. V. 9Iate
e

XXXlll) comes from
in' its

the Srone,
•

very

lik e

Stone of the Rkhts'Teath
is

Colour

it?

Pulp next about the Stone
>

a deep Red, and next die Sun a
^thick

ackifli

Red, cover'd with a very
^

Cotton or Down, which
:

is

foftned off
)

with fmall red Spots

in a light
5

yellow Ground

'Tis meltin

a hd

u

of very
brief
it

rich fugar'd Juice
Is

the

Pulp

is

of very great Subftance, and in

not inferior to the very bed Peach growing,

when

planted
:

a ainft a South-Eaft

Afped
<

in

a"

warm

Soil

3

'tis

a good Bearer
s

Ripe

Septemler
It

y

1727

South-Eaft Wall.

V

THE
rich Fl

Malacotune {Fig.lY. "PlateXXXlll.)
is a,

its

Pulp adheres to the

Stone, which
p"'

pleafant
Ik

Red
-

:

The Pu!p_ is

1

ery
:

dof
Kext the Sun
fmall

4
i

1

nlike that of the
r'

Old Newington

—

ff-

L
1

deep Vermilion Red, whicli
J
I

is

foftned off with beautiful Flak
5

.1

patches of the fame, in a yellowifli Green
Septefnher 10

'tis

a

ood Bea

Ripe

727* South Wall

r

THE Gatherfne]
ne
ri

{Fig.^L

"Plate Xlllll.) tho'a late, yet

ch-flavou?d

Fruit,

wnen

there

is

but a reafonable Quantity on
'.-^

th

Tree, jhe Seafon kind, and planted
Eaft
Afpe(5l
)

a

warm

moift

Soil,

and South727. South

.tis
i

.a
;

«

t

Wall.
^i

:%,^"fp

J ^.
>

r

v:

THE
1 I

Bloody "Peac

f/^. VI. 9ht elXXlh)
?

fo called

from

its

Pulp

with red entirely beiiig
\
1

comes from
alfo the

the Stone, which
»-.

black
Outfide
.„,

rather a Purple Red^
K

as

is

Pulp next about k

:

The

o Confideratiori in

late

Ripening, well defended from the Inj

by Cold, and Heat of
*
r

a \cfj great Covering of a Cottony or
is

Downey
a very
IS

\

which under Subftance,
Bearer ?

a

very black or Purpk Red
its

:

'Tis

and, confidering

late

Seafon x)f Ripening,

w hich

05toh
riofity

>

bad
Sake

Fruit

:

for even Garden, every and therefore

Cu

the at thereof Tree one fliould'Aot be\^ithout
J

leaft.

^
4

H..

-

--vr--=-**—^*

V

^j
s
^-

•--

•

4-

4

-'^
'
•

K
<
.

r
I **

-

*

r

J

J

r

'

-

'^

'1.

ff

IfTT

^'ik*

T

_

n

V

i^i ;

b

*

^

«

•
r» *

r

^

[

^

108
s..

M

N

Or

7

c/^»

Alphabetical
their

TABLE
Times

of

the preceding

Peaches J
different
i.

exhihiting

Ripening ?

^»i

Afpedls.
;

Ripe.
»
I

i4fpe6t5\

Ann Peach
Albermarle
J

to

Eaft Wall.
South.

Jug.
Aug. to Aug, 24 Aug.
Aug, Aug.
L
.
.

Admirable Eavly
Admirable Late
Alberge Purple

South-Eaft,
South.
Eaft.
' »

Brookes Peach
h.

Weft.
1

Bellows

Weft.

BORDINE Bell-Cheveruse
J

Weft.
South-Weft.
Satt

Bloody Peach
-r

10

Eaft.

^ Burdock
Catherine
-b

South.
Sept.

If,

South.
South.

Elruge Nectorine

^ Golden Nectorine
Hems KIRK
Italian Peach

Weft,
F

Aug.
Sept.

J

South-Eaft.

10>
>

South-Eaft.

^
i"

Italian Nectorine
r

Aug.
July 30
f

South-Wcft.

_-_

^^

-

'J

Magdalene White
Magdalene Red
Minion
.

Weft.
I'

w

74

20
20
o

c

South.

&uth.
South,
^

S-

^
~l

Mo NT ABO N
^ Malacotune
NiVET
^i

I

^

10
Aug*
r^

South.
Eaft.

^

Newington Nect.
Newington
4^

July JO
*!

South.
South-Eaft.
't

V

Smith's

N EWINGTON
Nutmeg White Nutmeg Red

74
Aug'
une

Old

6
>
>

South-

South.
South.

une

N OBLESS
ORPREE

74

20

South.
Eaft.
Eaft.

i

-^»g- 24;

Pav Y Royal

Aug. 15 >

Pass-Violet

t

1

ft

ft*

.1
I -

I

I

The

Fruit-Gard^en
BJpe.

lUuftrated.

i^

rop

ass-Violet

Aug,
Sept,

7

Eaft.

UMBULLION

20

Weft.
South- We fl

5^
J..

ROZANNA
Rickets

July 20i

Jug. 2J
5^»/j^

Weft.
South.
}
)

^ Roman Nectorine
SwALZE

JO
I

Jug.
Sept'
Jtily

Weft;
Weft.
South.
Eaft.

Temple Nectorine

Tuteon de Venice
Violet-Hative

20 i
>

Jug*

N.

B.

THOSE

Fruits

ijohofe

"Pulps adhere

to

their

Stones

are

called PavieSy

which in
:

this

Table are dijlinguiped hy a Star

^

placed againfi them

The

others without the aforefaid Charaffer
Tiieltingy

are called Peaches^ hecaufe their 'Pulps are
freely

dnd come

from

their Stones,

\
\

^^
I

\

-

ij-

.^

'

/

f

(IIO

<
i
'•.I-

V*

M

N

A: Or

i

9

m

.<

H
Of
€

XIX.
and
A

1

GRAPES,
INE S do

their

Ordering."
^•j

tm

not direftly produce

their

Bunches of

Fruits

fiom

thefirft four

Buds of the

laft

Year's Shoots, as many imagine,

but from new Branches or Shoots, which are produced from
thofe

Buds or

Joints,

whofe

third, fourth^

and

fifth Joints,

produce

th*e

Fruits

we
is

receive.

IT
that

a

common Method amongft moft
are produced as aforefaid
:

Gardeners, to prune the
I.

lafl

Year's Shoots of Vines to fonr Rnd?, (as ivV.
their Fruits

T'hce Liy.) imaginin
indeed where there
are
is

And

Plenty of
againft a
in a that

Wood
3

the

Method
in

is

not amifs,
'tis

when Vines
wrong,

growing

Wall
State

but

Vineyards
:

entirely

if the

Vines are

good

of Health

For when the Seafon has produc'd Branches
three Feet
incli in

are truly healthful
5

and mature, they may be prun'd to
afterwards, in the Sprin
J

each in Length

and

if

they are

to

an almoft horizontal
as

Pofition, at proper Diftances

from each

other,

to have a free Peripiration, every

Bud would produce
3

a Shoot, and

each Shoot

two

or three Bunches
after the

of Grapes

fo that

inftead of havin

from one Shoot,

but three or four Bunches
equally as
I,

common Method of Pruning, to four Joints, only, we may have ten or twelve, and each
produce a
hereof,
let

ood

3

and confequently a very few Plants wi
Fruits.

great

Quantity of

If

any doubt or dilpute

the

Truth
the

them but

o and view the Vines

now growing

in

Garden of

y

^r, Warner at Rotherhlth. which, by his judicious Management after the Manner before defcrib'd, annually produce great Quantities of the Bur
gundy\ and,
1

miftake not, the Claret-Grape alfo^

with which he

makes
^

:

The
makes
fince

Fruit-Garden
Nedor
for

I/luJirated.

Ill
But

chearful

the
Soil,

Accommodation of
in

his Friends.
is

that our Climate

and

many
them

Parts of

England^

nor na
ia

tural to the Vine, fo as to
i

produce our beft Sorts of Grapes
againft our

open
y

Vineyards,

we muft

therefore plant

bed

afpedlcd

WalU

that their Juices

may

be ripen'd
4

in as

good

Perfection as
4

the Seaf( on

is

able to produce.

THE mod natural
perfp ire lo

Soils for
F

V
Gravel
Pears,
:

rich

,

light,

fandy, rocky,

chalky Lands, inclinabl e to

For as they don't imbibe and
delight
in

much

as
lefs

Appl

>

&c. which

moift

ftifl

Lands, therefore

Moiftuie bears a nearer Proportion to

their Nature

>

for there's nothing deftroys Vines fooner than an ovcr-and-above
tity

Quai

of Moifture.
r"

L

FOR
produces
Fruits

tho'

the Vine bleeds

mod

d
Seafc

freely in

its

bleedin

and

many

long fucculent Branches, and great Plenty of very juicy

yet from the third Experiment of Mr. Hales's Vegetable Staticksy
it is

17.

plain, that die y'mei

k

not a great Perfpirer, and therefore

thrives beft in dry Soils.
_—
-^

anted exadly
\
\

under the Drops
\

of Houfes,

ypcr
he Vine,
is

\

THE

beft Seafon
is

Pruning

the

End of Septemhr
t:-

>

for as the Seafon

then warm, 'the feveral Orifices ar

immediately
to
rife.

Spting, following the in that healed, fo

when
good

the Sap beg

in

the bleeding Seafon^
^^^^^^
_ r

it

cannot be diminifh'd thereby, and confequently
to produc
Fruits 5

every Branch

is

better abl

when ptun'd

weakened of Lofs Sap the by greatly and improper Seafon,
/

THE
more
to lay in
as

the together nearer clofer or
5

Buds of young Shoots

i

the

fruitful

and

therefore

we

fliould obferve, at the

Time of Pruning,

four to conftrain'd not be need fuch Branches, whofe Lengths
'w

J

,

IS

common^

Thicknefs or Length thejr to but in Proportion

A

very ftrong Branch
lefs

may
i

be laid

two

Feet and a half in Length >

others

Foot, a Inches, eighteen ftronger, two Feet,

&i

THE
-^

k

*

/

I

112
m

M
THE
fliould

N

M

Or,
/

>

nearelt Diftancc that the Branches
lefs

of Vines fliould be
>

laid

be never

than one Foot, for

if

they have not abund ance of
-

'

Air to perlp

they will not thrive.

All thofe Kinds vvhofe Leaves
r

very large, as the Raiftn Grape, {9kte XLIII, XLIV.) fhould
the

fame Reafon, be

laid at greater Diftan

THE
Fruits y

fecond. third >

fourth,

&c.

Years

Wood

of the

V

J

be in

J

after the firft

Year, for ever barren of themfelves of producing any
therefore be always bringing
5

more
But

we muft

up young

Wood

from the

Bottom 3

other Parts of the

to fucceed the preceding

however, altho' that the Branches of Vines do
duce Fruits
after the firft

of themfelves pro
as to

Year, yet Nature has been fo careful
is

make a

Provifion otherwife, which

at

their

feveral

J

9

from

whence every Year fmall Branches

are produced, (called

by

the French

Courfons) which oftentimes produce good Fruits, as well as young
alfo,

Wood

when

'tis

wanted to (ucceed

that

which

is

by Tini e- wholly

barreu,

being pruned at the fecond Budjjfroiinh^~x5ld^Woo

BUT

we

itiuft

not
^

fuffer

any of

thefe

Kinds of Shoots to grow
% *

forward frorn^the Wall
in their natural

and

rViprefor^ thafc /or

our Purpofe are fuch as
w

Growth,

lie flat

or parallel thereto.

WHEN
o ff
flopin

we

prune off the

End of

a Vine-Branch,
4

we

fhould cut

it

behind the Eye, and about two Inches above the fame.
w

ABOUT
and
nail
clofe

the Beginning of
to the Wall
all

May we
r;

fliould

o
1

over our Vines >

the feveral

young
w

Shoots,
as Fig,

which are
II.

furnifh'd with
that,

Buhches of Fruits which then appear,

^late X.

as

their

Leaves augment

their

Magnitudes, and the Heat of the
their

Summer
Injuries

advances, they

may
:

be proteded during

Growth, from the
fuffer'd

of Heat and Cold
fix,

For thofe Grapes that are

to

grow

on Branches about
fully

eight,

or ten Inches from the Wall, and thereby

expofed to the Sun, and drying Winds, have their tender Sap-

Vcflels

foon dried up, and are therefore never worth a Farthing.

TOWARDS
t

The

Fruit-Garden
End
of

Illuftraled.

fi3

TOWARDS the
Fruits,

May, we
above

fliould

have Recouife to our
la(t

flopping

their

Branches at the third or fourth Joint beyond the
it.

Bunch, and not
•

at the Joint next

as exhibited in 5^/^/^

XXXIV.
want

which

is

commonly

pradlis'd

by

unskilful Gardeners,
their

by

th

knowing

the attractive

Power of Leaves, ^nd

Ufe

in Perfp
is it

For when the Branches of

V

thus

r uned^

how

po/Tibl

the Fruits can be fo ftrongly nourifli'd,

when

they are deprived of proper

Inftruments, which Nature had provided to
inftead
dthei:

furnifli

them

wlcli

:

fo that
all

o

helping the Fruits, as they imagine,

(like

moft o

their

Operations) they depauperate.

and Kndeir them,
ferifli,

at befl:,

very

infipid

and

taftelefs 3

nay

ey very often

and then forfooth the
a Blight
*
^F*

Coxcombs imagine

that their Fruits are deftroy'd

by

WHEN
all

thefe

cWo

Op

are

performing,

we
which,
hA

difpl
rfc
rj

forward Branches, and
fail

others that

appear

ufelefs,

if fuffer'd

to grow, never

of mjuring

the Fruits^
/

and the other Branches.

TOWARDS
early

the latter

End

of "July, the fmall ^zt/y
«

Grap

>

or

pen J

which
the Sun_,

time

we

fliould

by Degrees acquaint

thofe Fruits with

more of

to ripen their J
fweet, and
its

Th
is

Grap6

is

z great Bearer, and, b eing very

Skin thin,

generally deftroy'd

by Wafp

>

1

fCa
hun

not

taken to deftroy them,

either

Vials of fugar'd Water,

up to
k

drown

themfelves

rather their Nefts deftroy'd in the
fir'd

Night with

Fuzze of

Gunpowder,

and ftopp'd

into the Entrances to their Nefts

which

fuffocates

them

in general, fo that afterwards
:

you may dig down >
full or

and burn them
delicious Juice
/

in general

Tis of a fine Ind

o

a moft

:

Wall South 20. Ripe July
Hot Grapes do of Kinds other the
ripen with

^

BUT

fince that

Kind, we muft
expofe them

therefore let

fome of them remain

longer before

we

they that Sun, the to

may

continue longer with us, inftead

together. ripe general of being in

THE
. ' ,

wor Grapes of Kinds other
{"Plate

our Notice>
large
.

are

the
-,

White
its

Sweet Water,
.

L.) which

is

a

fine
«.^

white Grape

Skin

is

very thin,

11 .r^..^ and therefore

r.,u:^jx

fubjed to

w/oft^c Wafps

"Tk an

evcellent

good od

Grape 7
*

/

^^

114
Grape, an

O
generally very

M
large,

N
:

A: Or

9

and tranfparent when

ripe,

but the

Bunches are very thinly kt therewith
-*:

Ripe Augujl 10. South Wall.
4fc-.*

THE
and when
is

White Mufcadhie,

(9 late XXXK)
:

is

one of the beft Kind

of Grapes for ripening in England
skilfully order'd y

'Tis a very great Bearer, and,
5

wKen
)

Fruit

when

9

•

pe,

"'tis

tranfp

the r ) fomething g^
'\'

with

Amber

next the

Sun

Ripe Augufl

THERE
fet

IS

another Sort of White Mufcadine^ which
large,

is

very thinly
delicioufly

on the Bunches, but the Grapes are very

and moft

fweet
^

when

ripe,

and therefore called the Royal Mufcadlne.

Jj,'

THE
,-."

BlacTi
is

Sns)€et

Wat

3

{ 'Plate

LI.

)

called

from

its

Wood, which
a
blackifli.

of a

blackifli

Colour, and the Stalks of the Bunches
are

Red, but the Grapes

white, cover'd with a fine white

PleWj and of an oval
fore
"tis

Form
is

5

'tis

alfo called the

MoreUtan Grape
j

:

Be-

ripe the Juice

very fowre, and the Skin very tough
:

but when

quite ripe 'tis very fweet, but' fomething watery

Ripe Auguft 20.
»

THE* Black
delicious Fruit,

Currant Grape
in
w

(Fig.
its

L

"Plate
:

XLVL)

IS

a

moft

ibmething oval
is

Form

'Tis a very

good Bearer >

and produces Fruit which
fet in

cover'd with a fine Violet Flew, very clofe

the

Bunch

:

Ripe Auguji 24. South-Eaft Wall.

THE
brown

Brick Grap

y

{Fig
a
t(

"Plate

XXXIX.)

fo called

from

its

red

Colour
:

j

'tis

lerable

good Bearer, and

very pleafant

fweet Fruit

Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall
F

THE
)
I

"Parjley Grape, or

Canada Grape, (Fig.
it

I.

9hte LXVIIL)
its

called

from the Country from which

came, and
is

Leaf being

divided into
the Parfley

many
:

Parts, like

unto the ^arfley Leaf, and
is

therefore called
like the

Grape

The

Fruit

white, and in

Form and Tafte

Whhe Mufcadine,

but feldom fo large

Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall

THE
%

Black Mufcadine, {Plate

XXXVI)
the

called

by fome, but im

properly, the
ri

Red Mufc

tne

When

Grapes are beginning to

pen, the Leaves are very beautifully

mixt with Purple, Kcd,Ye\loWy&i
Tis
*

\

The
I

FrUI T-G Ak DEN
when
well ripen'd
>

lUuJlrated.

lliy

Tis an

excellent gooci Fruit

its

Colour %

fine IndiVo,

d with
Septemb

a pleafant Violet Flew, and a tolerable good Bearer

Ripe

o^

717, South Wall

J

THE Clufler Grape
clofe
\

{Fig.IL "Plate XLIL)

is

a fine delicious Grape 9

of a ftrong Indigo Colour^
fet
IS

eover'd with a Violet

Flew,

and very
This

in

the Bunch,

and

therefore called the Clujier Grape.

Grape
three

called

fome the Black Currant Grape, which

ripens full

Weeks

fooner

'Tis a very great Bearer, and ripe September ao,

1727. South WalL

N.

B.

THE

Tulp leing very fweety

h

often

dejtroyd ly Wafps
in Oily

j

and

the only

Method topreferve
*

them^

is to

put them

Bags

^hen

nearly ripe.

%
(^^late

THE White Frontlnac
musky,
with us
juicy
J

W

XXXVII.)

is

a

moft

deliciousj fugar'd,

Grape when well

ripen'd,
therefore

which does not dways happen

however we muft not

be without them

:

"Tis a very

great Bearer, and ripens, in a kind Sealbn, about the Middle of Septemler.

is

a moft excellent Fruit

5

its

Juice

is

rather richer
:

and

fiiller

of Musk than the preceding, with a

very rich Acidity
is

This, like other Grapes that are vulgarly called Black,

a dark Indigo^ cover'd with a fine Violet Flew.

BESIDES
Fruits are

thefe

two Kinds of
ftrip'd

Frontitiac's,

there

is

another, whofe

a yellowifli White,

with a Copper Colour, and there-

fore called the

GrizeJ frontinac, which,
:

when

ripe,

is

equally as good
the fame

as either

of the preceding

Thefe two
are very

laft ripen

much about

Time

as the preceding,
•

and

good

Bearers.

(

THE
Grap
5

Mufcat Grape
fiall

is

a

little like

the

White Fronthtac^ but
9
•

fmaller

and

of a

fine delicious

musky J

3

very good Bearer

Wall South 20. September Ripe

THE
«

St.

5^^/^rs Gr^/)^,
Its

is

a fine large black Grap
A littl

3

d with

Violet Flew

Pulp

IS

a
tis

with red, very firm, with
:

moft

delicious rich

J

3

great Bearer

Ripe 05.

i

o.

Weft Wall

THE

1

.

•

ii6

O
The
the Skin

MON
is

Or

7

I

Hernutage Grapes

a moft del
little bitter

rich fugar'd
:

Grap

-,

but

is

fomething tough, and a
ripe^

The Grap
which

trant
IS

parent

when

and Ipeck'd with brown next the Sun
Orange Colour
:

alfo
/

g'd with a faint
jiik^k

Ripe September 20. South Wall

THE
tiful
V

Claret
5

Grap

{Fig. II

Tlate XLVII.)

is

^ fmall but

beau-

Grape

its

Leaves turn red with the
:

Fruit,
is

and make a

beautiful

Appearance

The

Fruit

when

ripe

a deep Indigo, cover d

with a fine Violet Flew, the Juice fomething acid and a pleafant 'tis a very great Bearer Ripe September
:
L

Red

>

\

'S'.
_^^

THE
Vineyard
Parts
5

Burgundy Grap
3

>

{Fig. I

"Plate

XLI.)

is

a black

Grap

>

/

and very great Bearer
its

*tis

the only

Grap

that

ripens

wxU
on

in the
their

open

Leaves have a very great Cottony

Down
the

under

The

Grapes are very clofe in the Bunch,
is

and have a
1

fine rich

vinous Juice, but the Skin

a

little

tough

Ripe

open Vineyard

September 30.

THE
.4

Kaifin Grape, {"Plate XLIII and

XLIVO

is

a moft beautiful

^

rwh Vlavour, and ITrm Pulp, when Sleafons kind enough to rfp But even when Seafons are unkind, 'tis an excellent Fruit for Baking, and therefore we fliould not be without
large white

Grap

ot a

jie

or

two o

them

which

fliould

be planted againft the very beft Afped

we have
r

THERE
*

h

is

another
it

Kind of Raijin Grape, which \vhe n >

ripe,

is

a

pleafant

Red, but

very feldom ripens in England,

*

*\.
1

.

<^n
/

•^"4

f

The

Fruit-Garde N

lUufirated.

m

"7

zyin Alphabetical
exhihitin^
n

TABLE

of the preceding Qrapes,

their Seafons of

Ripenin SRipe.
-y

V

Brick Grape

Aug. 24*
Sept,
*
•

Burgundy

30*

cLARET cLUSTER cURRANT
I
y

Sept. 30.
Sept, 20.

Black

Jug' 24.

pRONTiNAc White

Frontinac Black
*:f

Sept. 20.

pRoi^fTiNAc Griztel

\

Hermitage
July Grape

Sept,

30
20.
i

*^

74
-

Muscadine White

Muscadine Black

Sept. 20i

Muscadine Royal
4

^IK^. 25,
iSe/)^

Muscat
Parsley
St.

20
10.

\
J-

Peter's

oa.

Sweet

Water White Sweet Water Black
ripens

Jug. 10.
Jug. 20.

I

Raisin White^when k
is

oa. i^
Kinds of Grapes.
^.-^

N.

B.

J FUL L South Jfpe£i
--

the heji for all

^

W^

^

^*/"»

-K

\

ii8
\
\

t

M

N

Or

7

\

H
<.'

XX.
^>

Of
HE
feveral

G TR
Kinds of Figs that are worth our cultivating in

Enghn

are the White, the Blue,

and the Black.

FIGS
Soils

in general
5

produce double Crops every Year in
but in England

their native

and Climates

we have no
1

other

Kind but the
J

Short White Figy that produces and ripens

two Crops every Year
o.
firft)

:

The
\

firft

Crop, (Ftg.
F$g.
IT.

I.

^late LIl.)
is

is

ripe

about July
than the
•

and the [econ

Crop,
o.

(which

always

much

leis

about September

THE Long Blue Pig
{Fig. III.)
is

{Fig. It ^late LIII.)

is

the next,

which ripens

about the Beginning of Jugujty and at the fame
alfo ripe

Time

the Ta^wney Fig,

They
{Fig.

both very good
I.)

Fruits,

but nothin

comparable to the

Bhc^ Figy
Fig

which

i§

rige 4tig^fi, %6.
r

THE

firft

Crop of

are

alway

produced on the
the Shoots

laft

Year

Wood, and

form'd at the fame

Time when
/

IN March
delivered

they are

vifible^

as

a a

a,

&i;. Fig.

April they are grown

much

larger, as

A, A, Fig.

Thte LIV J but in L Thte X. being entirely
II.

from

their

Womb
Fruit,

withiii the Bark,

and

perfect in their
attracfts

Forms.

And we may
ment to
the

here again behold liow carefully Nature

Nourifli-

young

by timely expanding

the Leaves
all

beyond them 9

which vigoroufly draw up Nourifiiment, whilft
entirely

the

Buds below
/

naked thereof.
^ i

WHAT

I

The
I

Fad iT-G AkD Eit
call the

up
»

»

WHAT we
-

fecond

Crop of

Figs,

is

adually the very
thofe

firfl:

that are produced the
firfl

by

the Shoot they

grow on 5 and

which we

call

Crop, are
f

laft

produced.
'

\^

_

THIS

at hrft

may

appear to be a Paradox, but

*tis slflually

Matter

of F^6t, becaufe thofe Figs which ripen in Septembefy are always pro-

duced on the fame Year's Wood, and

lieareft to the lafl Year's

Shoots
is

:

And

as they are

produced early

in the Spring,

when much

the Shoot

firft

rm'dj they are therefore at their Maturity

fooner than thofd

which

^re

produc'd in the extreme Parts of the Shoots,
r

when
the

their

Growths
Eye*

are

nearly at

an End,

an

fcarcely vifible to

naked

THESfi

firft

produced
the

Fig^^

the white

Kind,

do frequently
5

tipen with us, even in

open Air frbm
:

either

Walls or Pails

but

the other Kinds very rarely do

Thefe

laft

produced Fruits at the Ends
firft

of

the Shoots, if

not

kill'd

by

the fucceeding Winter, make the
5

Advance

in the next Spring,

and

ripen very early

during which

Time Naturd
fo

brkr-f«<>du£in^piew Shootsipr
the Life

new Productions 5 ^nd

on during

of the Tree.
1

t'T has been a

Cuftom among
y
•

Gardeners, to keep Fig-TTre
5

I'd
J

Fruit-Trees other as Wall, clofe to the

but

it

appears,

by many ExprovM, that

periments made,

th^t

ly

wrong ,

xor Experience has

to fuffer'd are which thofe

grow about two
produc'd in

Feet fi:om the Wall, are not
greater

only the beft

Fruits,

but

are

much

Abundance.

THE
ierate the

Fig-Tree, the Ordering of beft Method
about'
)

is

to nip off their leading
y

Suds of the Branches
Crop, and caufe

the Middle of

which will acce
called the fecond
all

Ripening of

thofe Fruits

which are commonly

great Plenty of young

Wood
fruitful

to flioot

the

T
thod,

?

becomes Whole the whereby
aforefaid,

becaufe the Fruits arc

always produced y

from
>

the laft Year's Shoots.
after the
at"

But when

full at in nail'd are Fig-Trees

Lengths,

old and

common Me
only:

their Fruits are

always produced
full

the extreme Parts of the Treesj

and

all their

middle Parts are

of

large barren

Wood

I

t

/
?
'

120
-1^

O

M

N

Or,

\

W"

f

H
Of

XXL

R
feveral
j^

W
1

R
\
f

r

HE

Kinds of Strawberries worth our Notice, are the

Scarlet

the

HauthoyJ and the Wood Strawherry
\

The

Scarlet Strawherry {Fig.
3

I.

^late LV.)

is

encreafed

Its

own Runners

planted at fixteen or eighteen Inches apart, in

Rows

about

twenty Inches or two Feet apart, and being always kept to fingle Roots will produce their Fruits very early. Some plant them nearer igether
Beds chrce Feet wide, with Alh'es of eight Inches between, and fuflfer them to run among one another 5 but they do not ripen their Fruits fo early, nor are they near fo large however it
:

as

about one Foot Square,

eceffary that

we

fliould

have fome
the fingle

after this

Manner to
Ripe
XX

fucceed the

others that are
F

firft ripe

from

Roots

:

May

10

727
as well

THE Hauthoy Strawlerry
4

(Ks;.

III.)

is

a moft del

large

and

beautiful Fruit
:

;

'tis

a great Bearer,

and

delights in

a very rich

holding Soil

It

produces the bell Fruit
the fingle

when

planted'^

and kept at the
is

fame Diftances as

Roots of the ScarJet, and
Ripe J.
nother
1.

encreafed

by

own Runners

as the other aforefaid

THE

Ifood Strawherry (Fig.

II.)

good Fmit, and

very

great Bearer,

when

planted in a frefh
Seafon

and

rich

Land 3 an
Ripening 5

kept well
as

watered during the

Bloflbming and

indeed

fhould both the

other Kinds preceding
5

Th

Kind

IS

creafed

by

Runners, as the others >
out of

but

'tis

always found, that thofe which arc taken

Woods and

tranfplanted into Gardens

prod

much

better

and
rger

t

'

<

The
argcr Fruits, than

Fru I T-G A RDE
thofe

isr

lUuJirated.

121

^ncreafed from Runners taken from old Roots

in the

Garden
run

:

They
larger,

are generally planted at eight or nine Inches apart,

and

let

among one

another

5

but

when

they are kept to fingle Roots,

they are

much

fooner ripe, and better tafted*

EVERY
Time

fourth

Year we mould make new Plantations 9

or

m

that

their Strength

and Vigour

is

exhaufted.

iBOTy
their
/

Scarlet

and Wood Strawherrks may be

raifed very early,

Roots of two Years Growth

are planted in fmall Pots,

and put

in

gentle

Water with Waterings, moderate giving them Beds Hot in January ^
is

\vhofe Crudity

before taken oiF by

entle

warming, and
Frofts.

all

the Air

that can be, fo as to keep out cold

Winds and

I

\

\

.f

/

,.ji

I

I

i

/'

122

O

M

N

Or>

I
K

y

^
M.-

F-

H
Of

XXII
Y

have but three Kinds of Rasberries in England^
White, the Red, and the

n^iz.

The

Tmple

:

The Wood of
fct

the
5

White

and Red
of the Turpi
Excrefcenccs.
IS

is

of a bright Colour, and almoft fmooth

but that

a dark Brown, and very thick

with fmall prickly

THEY are
1

jfl

all

propagated

by

Suckers, which fpontaneoufly fpring

up

the

Summer, and

are planted in the

Autumn

following

;

They

era]

dehght in clean frefh Land, being planted in
each
the

Rows
Some

about eighteen
Gardeners, for

Inches apart, an

Row

Feet afundcr..
Fruit, let

want of knowing
the

Nature of the

them run very thick together
they are kept to fingle

Rows, which

fo well as

when

Roots

WHEN
Planting,'

we

prune

the

Roots of Rasberries at

the

Time of
*

we

fliould

carefully preferve their the Surface of the are produc'd,

young Buds, which fhoot
r it is

out

dly even with

Ground

from thofe
are

Buds that the next Branches

and when they
the
firft

broken
after

off before planting, they never live longer than

Summer

planting

:

For as foon
Fruits, they

Branches of

all

the

feveral

Kinds have

produced their

immediately

perifii.

BUT
of

that

we may

not by thefe annual Decays, be wholly deftitutc

Wood

for further Supplies,

Nature does
laft

therefore

produce young vitheir Fruits

gorous Shoots, whilft thofe of the
^

Year are bri nging

to

Maturity
\

I

\

The Fr u I T-G A R D
Maturity
3

E

K

lUuflrated.

123

which Shoots
off,

fliould, in

the

End of Augtip
their

following, be

pruned, or cut

about one Foot from
I

extreme PdrtS.

-

N. B.

THE dead Wood
not give

is eqfieji

broken out in Frdfty Weather.

KEEb
more
Suckers,
fee

my

felf

the Trouble of informing the Gardener

that he fhould dig

among
them

his

Rasberries very early in the Winter^ slny

to keep

perfed:ly clean in the

Summer

rem Weeds >

&c.
thofe

fince every

one

who

takes Pleafure in his Bufinefs can beft

when

Works

are

moft proper to be done.

THE
and
firft

Scarlet Rasher ry (Fig. V* Tlate

L VI.)

is

the

moft

common >

ripe

^une

I 9

1727

>

tis

a very fragrant pleafant Fruit y and a

great Bearer.
tiful

The White Rasher ry mixd

with the Red^ makes a beau-

Appearance at the Table, and therefore

we muft

not

fail

of having

fome df them

for that Purpofe, notwithftanding that they are not in fuch

great Efteem as the Scarlet,

THE
Tomething
Reafoirtis
/

VurpJe
later

Raslerry hath a pleafatit Acidity in

its

Tafte, and

is

which for two^ other the of in Ripening than either
A'.

\

t

I

124
^

O

MON

Or7

i-

I.

'

i

V

H
<

XXIII.
J

Of

Goofeberries and Currants,

or Corinths,

c ailed

from

QonntbA-SL 'whence they firfi came.
*

have feveral Kinds of Goofeberries in England which are
very good, buc the moft valuable are the
w

Old Red^
loft

{Fig.

I.

'Plate

LVI.)
11.

the
the

firft

ripe 3

almoft
III.

in

England
Goofe

y

the Champainey Fig.

White fDutch^ Fig.

the

Jmhr

hrryy Fig. IV. the Walnut Goofeherry^ the Rumhulion and the

2)amfe',

Berry

5

which

are in general produc'd
at

by
th

Slips or Suckers taken

from

th

Roots of old Trees
four Feet afunder.

F

apart an

Rows, an
is

The

bcfi:

Method of Ordering
like

Goofeberries,

to

keep them open in the Middle,

Dwarf

Fruit-Trees,

with the cX

treme Parts of their Shoots clipped every Year, and the old
ftantly cut

Wood

con
^

away,

as

young

confies

up

to fucceed.

THE
good

Red
>

White
fliould

fDutch

Currants J
in

are

propagated
to

as

Goofeberrie
Fruits

and
But

be ordered
if

the fame Manner,
to

have

think that

we were

fome few of the
they would be

White Dutch againft a South, or South-Eaft

WM,

much

improved thereby.
very
late in the
?

And when we defire to have either Red or White Seafon, we fiiould plant fome Part of our North- Walls
in

with them
tiful

which } being kept thin
pleafant Fruits

Wood,

will produce very

beau

large

Bunches of

%

H
«

:

r

\

I

4

The
>
.>

Fruit-Garden

lUuftrated.

o I

H
t

XXIV

0/
n

the

Black

M

tr

4

HE

Bhcl

Mulberry, {Fig, IV. ^/^^^ LVH.) being the only
tliac
3

Mulberry
the Fruits
I

we

propagate in England^
therefore
lilently pafs

for the Sake
all

o
1

I fiiz^U

over

e

otnct

Kind s^

fince they are

more

fuitable to the Taftes
ufelefs

of fome Botanifts^

who

delight in Varieties of

many

and unprofitable Plants, than to curious

Propagaters of advantageous Fruits.
'sih

Mulberry

by Lay

>

which fhould be

laid

down

in

OCiober at

e aft

eighteer

Air free a that apart, Inches

may

be continually
full

circulating about
after,

them

>

Stools the upon remain and there

two Years

before they ar
V

taken away,

that thereby they

may

be well rooted.

whe

we come

take them up

for tranfplanting

into the

Nurfery
r
. 1

THE
r

Diftances that they are planted at in the Nurfery, fhould not
Feet

be nearer than two
or a Foot
as
is

and a

half,

or three Feet, a nd not nine Inches
to

ufually done,

whereby they have not half enough Air

i n er fpire i ^
tf-

injur'd greatly thereby. are confequently and

THE
the

Leaves of the

Mulberry being very

large

heavy, caufe
h

leading Shoots to

crooked grow thereby and downwards, bow

Therefore to
/

prevent fuch deform
e

Growths,

we

fhould

ftra ic
tie

Stakes >

Arbour Pol

Side

of every Plant, and thereto

arife they as their leading Shoots

WE
'Jt

/

*

'

-

r

T

126

M
WE
only.

N

A

:
*J
'

Or J
'V
^ .*

* "*^

Y
'

*

fliould alfo difplace all the lateral

Buds

as they appear,

that the

whole Nourfniment

may

be fully employ 'd

in the

Support of the Stems

\

WHEN our Plants are
,

t

rifen to five or fix Feet high^

We muft prune
to break

off their leading Shoots, to caufe their upper lateral
into divers Branches^ with
<••
,

Buds

out

which

their

Heads are form'd.
I

^

THERE
tities

is

a Kind of Black Mulheny^ which produces great
in

Quan-

of KatJcins
Fruits

ew

which

May, (as Fig, VHI. "Plate LVHI, LIX.) and very when diicover'd, ffiould be either budded or grafted
{

with the true bearing Kind
I-

IF we obferve how

thefe Fruits are produced,

we may

fee

what a

wonderful Provifion Nature has

made

for

their

Support and Protedion,

by placing of Leaves imme
attradt

over the

Fruits,

which do not only
perfpire

and imbibe Nourifliment from Dews, Rains, &c. and

away

the Crudities thereof,

tut protedt them during

their

Growth from

the InjunesnoF

Hcatrand Cotd.
'fT

THOSE
Buds in the
\

Fruits

which are produced
5

tfiis

Year, were formed in the
flit

laft

Year

for if in the

DeptR of Winter we
its

the

Bud

of a Mulberry from
the naked

its

Apex down
young

Axis to the Bafe,
its

we may with

Eye

difcover the

Fruit in

Matrix, carefully wrapt

up

in

its

tender Leaves,

the Fruits

when

which, with great Force, expand themfelves with they firft appear in May^ as Fig.YSf. ^late LIX.

H
\

/

/

•*

A

.

The

Fru IT-G ARD E N
«<

lUufirated.
^»

127

«

f
**.

-'

Vv

r.

\

^

^

* k ' -

'^

yj

•

XXV.
/

0/Philbbrts, WALNt7T5,^;/i Barberries.
^

<

^'

have two Kinds of Philberts,

i?/i2s.

the

Red and
Curious
:

the

/fZ'//^,

which

laft

is

the

moft efteem'd

fey the

They

are
%
V.

propagated by Suckers or Layers, arid make very hand-

fome Hedges

in our Kitchen

and

!Fruit-Gardens.

Coh'Nut,

{Fig.
:

Ill:

^Jate
is

ndfoihe Standard-Tree

The Nut

very fwcet^ and a good

Bearer.

THE Hazel
and tho'
it
is

Nut, {Fig.

11.)

is

a pleafant Fruit

when

well

ri pen

>

not worth our while to make Plantations thereof
yet in the Quarters
ri

Fruit-Gardens,
beautiful

of our Wildernefs they

are very

and advantageous.
'-.'
,

-

WALNUTS
Timber, when

are

very profitable in their Nuts,

as well as

thei

largely grown.

We

have a very great Variety of Kinds

There
French

is

one

very large Sort, {Fig.

Ill,

V.

"Plate

LVIH,

/

LIX.) called th

becaufe Pickling, for beft Walnut,
'tis

when
us.

Seafons are very wet

and cold,

very fcldom they ripen with

THE
bein

Englip Walnuts

differ

very

much

in

their

Qual

5

fome

very fmall, (asi%. XL) and thin
thick
flieird

fliell'd 5

others

of the fame
the

Magnitude and very
i

Then

there's

other Kinds

Magnitude

\

*>
t

1*

\

.•

.V

.-J'

128
^

M
nothing.

N
rais'd

A: Or

>
.»

Magnitude of Fig, IX, X. feme of which are good, and others worth

And

as

they are

all

from Nuts_,

which >

like

many-

other Seeds,
certain

often degenerate
unlefs

from

the Mother-Tree,

of our Kinds,
largely

we

are fo Curious as to
that

we Bud

cannot be

our Trees

1

when

grown, with Kinds

we know

are good.

BARBERRIES
are

are propagated

by Suckers or Layers

:
H

There

two Kinds the one with
their

Stones} the other without Stones, but the
are alike, as reprefented in Fig.
is

Form of
Ufe:
:

Leaves and

Fruits

VL
^

V
'

Tlate LXXIII.
It

That

»

Sort without Stones

moft valuable for

makes a very handfome Hedge in the and very good Fence agafnft Cattle, ^c.

Fruit or Kitchen-Garden;

7

k

i

'

#

.4

\ \

-a

<

*

_>

^

A

P.

i

V

1/

'

»
V

»

i

The

Fruit -Gard

en

Itlufirated.

120

i

\
\

xxvt
r

Of

and

U
in their

EAR-TREES differ very much
of producing
Fruits
:

Time and Manner
their Fruits

Some Kinds produce

on the

extreme Part of the fame Year's

Wood,

as
t

Mr. Hilh's double
others at the

bearing Pear of Tedington, (Fig. IV. 'Plate LXIII)
tremity of the Branches
alfo,

Exan

but upon the

laft

Year's

Wood

?

longer, fometimes and old, Years three of Branches laftly. others upon

according to the more or
nerality

Ic^s

Luxuilancy of the Tree

:

But

for the

Ge

'h

moft of our

befl:

Kinds of
if skilfully ordered,

upon Branches
continue
fertile

which^ Growth, Years of three

many

Years

alter wards.

Now

fince that the

annual Shoots of fuch Kinds o

Fruits in the to produce themfelves preparing Year fecond the in are Pears with thofe well furnifh'd be fiiould Kinds fuch all therefore i Year third
>

feveral Sorts of

Wood,

that >

having a
fruitful

fufficient

Quantity thereo

y

we may
that

with furnifh'd always be
barren
r

Branches to fucceed thofe

become

by Time
9late LX. where Fig
IS

THIS
or Spi
)

is

exhibited in
lafl

Reprelc

tation of the

Year.

M O N, Leaf-Buds, STV
P
i

its with Courfo Pear, VkgouJee the of > Year's Shoot "third the in uc od pr are Fruits the whence from

Nourifhme attrad: to placed which are
r

to the Courfom

and

perfpire

away
s

the Crudities thereof
4

THOSE
o

Courfins

P

MON

muft be

next the at fliorten'd

Seafon

Pruning a fiet

(as produc'd, they are

E

in will, which H-j F G, Fig.
j*

produce to them caufe Year, the fecond
I

many Buds }

as

€

fh,

that in

one

*

/

a

r

i

130
one Year
after,

M
are very

N
dilated,

•r
V.

Or

3

much
:

and prepared

for

producing

oflbms in the third Year
(as

And

being arrived unto

this fruitful State

Fig. Ill) they immediately expand
(as

themfelves into

Bloflbms and

r-'

Leaves,

FigA,

11,

IIL IV, V. "Plate IL IIL)

AND again,
become
fruitful,

after the third

Year,

when

their

Courfo

\.

Nature does every Year produce new Buds to fucceed
:

thofe which are bearing Fruits
*

For
/ /

whilll: the

Pear was coining to

its

Maturity at X, Fig.

III.

the

Buds

were preparing themfelves to prod

BlofToms
duced the
the

in

the

following Spring, and at the fame
to fucceed thofe at / /
y

Time Nature

p

Bud P

an

on during

e Life

of

Tree

i

IT

very o ften

a ppens

that

Branches of Pear-Trees produ
une with in an Inch and half

luxuriant Shoots, which being prun'd in

of the Branch from whence

it

run

wi

m
run
y

Autumn

prod

an

Autumn

Shoot, with fome Buds difpofed for Fruit alio

Thus K,

Fig. Ill

which fhootin

with great Luxuriancy, was

Kin?une

and

afterwards produced the

-Autumn Shoot

M

with the two bearing

Buds
muft be
«
:•.

But

at the following
It

pruning Seafon thofe

Autumn Shoots
«

entirely diiplaccd

^

t

*

'
.

.

r

.

WHEN the Luxuriancy of Pear-Trees
check'd with Pruning,

-X

.}

is

fo very great as

not

be
eir

we muft'

either

difplace

one or more of
if

Roots,

(and particularly thofe that grow downright,

any be)

or

disbark in part the lower Parts of fuch luxuriant Branches

which will

prevent the Sap from rifing in
great Quantity
»

to;o
is

great a Quantity
the

3

for tis the too

of NourifTiment

that

*

Caufe of Luxuriancy

WHEN we prune, the Branches of Summer Pears^
the

we

fliould obferve

Nature of

their

Buds, for (as
at the

it

has been before faid)

many Kinds
which

produce

their Fruits

Extremity of

their laft Year's Shoots,

muft be always naiFd

in at full

Length, or otherwife perhaps the Trees
JT

may

not produce one fingle Pear Jn twenty Years Time.

ALL
and

Summer and Autumn
;

Pears will ripen very well

upon Dwarfs

Efpaliers

but pur Winter Fruits Ihould have the very beft Walls and
afford the

Afpeds we can

m
4

I

THE

T

The

Fru I t-Ga DEN
Kinds
Pea
exhibited
in

lUuJirated,

i5f

THE
e

feveral

%

TIates

LXf

LXXII

iriclufive

general of the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewitig, Baking,

&c.
an

as for

Table
des

:

And

as

I

hav

here

uly

prefented

the

exad For
and
5

Mag
no

of

their

Leaves and Fruits

in their natural Colours,
in the following

as their Seafons

o

Ripening and Keeping are exhibited
to be faid of
their

Tabl e

there needs

more

feveral Defcrip

therefo

re fer

you to them

feverally, as they are delineated in the following Pi
,>

^n

Alphabetical

TABLE
X

the bell

Kinds of Pears ^

tn /
1

England, exhihiting
and Duration

their Seafons of

Gathering, Ripening

4.

When

he gathered.
to

N^
Eatable,

Duration.
rr

of Plate where ench
exhibit, d,

is

Ambret
St.
r

Fig.
-

I V.

V i^Hept,
Sept.

Felruary

Lxvr.

Andrew

Ill

LXXIL
4

Bordine

Musk
'Petit

Blanquet
~^f2iderry

m
in.
VI.
II.

June
Aug,
»

une

Duration LXl.
fmall
-

When
r

Duration LXI.

Lxvr.

Buree de

Roy

Sept,

ather

Endof
the

(9^(?J.|LXIV.

Buree Bro'Wn
Buree Winter
r

Sept.
Sept.
Sept.

Whe

ather

End of O^^^JlXIV.

ruary
r

LXX.
Lxvir.

Bergamot Winter
I

/

About
Aug.
after

one

Month
.

")

Bergamot Common
.1

after
'^^

gathering

-

LXV.
Lxvr.

»

Bergamot Bugy
^

V.

Sept.
**
t

A.

2)itto Swi/i

.

VIIIf*

Sept.

©/«o Hamdens
Bon-cretien Sum.
X
^

III.

Aug*

Two Two

three three

WeekslLXlIL
Weeks LXV.

A Day or
II.

Aug.
after gathr.

Three Weeks or a Mon.

LXV.
LXIV.

S)itto

Autumn,
,r

VI
III.
•

Aug.
Sept.

Soon

aft'

gathr. j About

Weeks

^itto Golden
V

Sovemher
January
the

LXV HI.
End o

SDitto Winter
Tiitto Spanifi

Sept.
Sept.

LXVIIL
Lxviir.

II.

Catherine

Catherine

Kwal V. ^een V-

July
July

Soon aft'
Soon
aft'

gathr.
gathr.

fmall Duration
i

LXI L

fmall Duration

LXL
Crafan

.

)

#

•

2 »3

QM
IVhen
to

N

Or,

'•>
•

»\

he

gather d.

Eatahle.

Duration.

#

of Plaie where each

N°

ft

is

e xhiifiteX

(About one Month)
an Craf<
Chafletie

>

'

i^%.

IV

Sept, 2 o,
Sept. 2o,

Middle of 0£t.
after bein

eatable

LXV.

VNovember

—

[Until

Colmar
Cuifle

III

Sept.

o, 3

^ecemier
I

Until

LXX. Janmry the End of Jan] LXVH.

Madam

III.

lOJ
Sept.

A Day or
ather

Three Weeks
Until Jpril

LXL
LXXIL
LXIII.
f-'

Double Bloflbm

JI.

o
I

T)ecemher

Doyenne
Epine d'Hyver

VII.

Sept. 3 o,

November

January

VI.
. II.

Sept. 20, IjDecemher

January

LXV

1 1.

Green Chizel
St.

20
Sept.

When

gathered But very fiiort

LXII.

Germain

-

20
1

November

— January
I

LXVI.
Lxiir.

Mr.Hi/AifiCrop
Second
Jargonel

Aug. 24,
Sept.

IV.

oJ
loj

When gather'd But very fliort When gather'd About a Fortnight
I

LXIII.

IV.

u

Lombard Pear
Laniac

When gather'd About When gather'd About
|

a Fortnight

LXI.

a Fortnight

—

LXI V.

V.
Sec.
r

Sept. 30, Sept.

November

January,
February^
r

February

LXVHLXXII.

Martin
Meffirc

loADecemier
November

John
IV.
III.

Sept. 3 Oy jSoon aft'gathr

March About one Month
January
w

Marquifs
i
.
,1

Sept. 3 Oj

LXIV. LXVIIL

The Day
Aug.
J

St.

Michael

Two

Days
ten

at

moft

LXXIL
LXIV.

'tis

ripe

Ruffelec Vetit Ruffelet Grofs

II.

IV.

About Aug. 24, When gather d About Aug. 24, When gather'd
Sept.

Days

three

Weeks
I

LXV.
/

Royal d'Hyver
Rofe d'Ete
Sugart Vert

IV.
VI.

December

January^ February

LXVU.

-

July \7
Sept.

When When
Soon
I

gather'd

About

three

Weeks

LXL
LXIII.

"

Mon a or Three Weeks gather'd
gathr.

Swans Egg
Sal V iati

-

IV
K

Sept.

20

aft'

LXIV.
15 or

Sept. 2 o,

Ditto

20 Days
|

LXIV.-

Sattin Pear

VI

Sept.

30 )

Ditto
Ditto
'

November^ December

LXVL
LttL
i\
--r

Vermillion
Virgoule

July \7 I
Sept.

About a Fortnight
W^

ao

Nov. Dec.
Soon aft*

End of January
m
<

LXVII

Verc Longuc
Sept. 1 o,

LXIIL^ or^Mon. ThreeWeeks gathr
'

2)/«o, Strip'd

i

•%

Wind for

Soon
-

after

J.

k

July

I

o,
gather'd

About

three

Weeks
i

LXI.

THE

fti

f

^

1'

t

\

The

Fru it-Garden
beji

lUufirated.

133

The
The Black

'Pears for

Bakingj Stewing, &c.

are.

"Pear of Worcefier, Fig.

II.

"Plate

LXXI.

C^ii/^f, Ftg. lY- ?/^f^

LXII.

T>onvik, Ronvik, Fig. IV, VI. 'Plate
;

LXX

«'

Tear-Levsh, Fig.

III.

y/^?^

LXX.

'^Pickering's
'*-

Warden, and ?o»»i y^^r, y/^fe LIXI.

EngUp

Warden, 'P late LUll

vind

St.Francis^Fig.Y-'PlateUn.

QUINCES are bell when grafted
THE bellKind
next to which
is

upon

their

own
(Fig

Stocks.

is

the

Portugal Pear

^tnce y

Plate UXIII.)

the

Portugal Apple ^ince^

{Fig.

11.) 5

and
.=l±

laftly, the
X

very worfl of
^

all is the

Engli/h ^ince, {Fig. HI.)

i

r

•r

.»n-

XXVll
LL

Of

ir

PPLES
and

uc'd on prod general are in

Wood of two Years growth
Branches
perfp
>

about Air iiiuch require as

their

y other
fufficienc

Kind of Tree j

allow'd but are they therefore if
y

Air; and

hot nearly Pofitions their

they require

no

furtl

Care.

M

m

THE

i

\

#

134-

O
rth

M

N

;

&C.

THE
folio wing >

beft

Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the

ViZ.
*

Plate.

Eg.

Plate.

^ Api
*

^BosTAppLEfr'jHiiw.

LXXV. VL LXXVU.
IV.
III.
II.

Kitchen Apple
_

Kentish Pippin

VI.
III.

Codling

LXXIV-

Kentish Rennet

^
^ ^ ^ ^

corpendue
Calvile Acoute

LXXV.
LXXV. LXXV.
LXXVI.
ISKXMI.

|LiSTNiNG,orJuL7Ap. V.
.

LXXVni. Margaret Apple
III. "^

LXXIX. LXXIX. LXXIV. LXXIV.

Calvile Red
Calvile Royal

Monstrous Ren.

III.

LXXVUI
LXXV.
LXXIX. LXXVII. LXXVI.
\

VI. VI.
III.

y^ Maucoan p^ NoN-PAREIL Pear Russet Apple

V.
IV.

French Pippin

French Rennet

I

V.
II.

^ Fenellet

'

LXXV.
V.
VI.
VII.

^ Pearmain Loans
Pickering's Pearm.

* Francatu * Golden Rennet
^*

Golden Pippin

^ Holland Pippin ^ Jerusalem Apple
L

IV.
II.

juniting

LXXVI. LXXIV. LXXIV. LXXIX. LXXVI. LXXIV.
-

VII.
II.

LXXVU.
LXXIX.
LXXIX.

Pome-Roy
Russeting

Russet Golden Tip:

Russet Wheelers
Stone Pippin
IV.

^ June Apple
KiRTON Pippin

VI.

LXXVIII. Spencer Pippin IV. LXXIV. 1 Winter. Pearmain

V.
IV.

LXXVII. Lxx vin LXXVIII

•

N.
.

B.

THOSE

Fruits marked thus

^

are very hauttful

when Grafted

upon Tarad'tfe Stocks^ and planted in ^ots^ Borders^ &c.

THE Characters of the feveral Cyder^Fruits o( Herefordjhire^
other

and many
inferior

Countries

famous

for

that

Liquor,

being in general

much

to four

Kinds

fent

me

from ^ynes near Exet
Apple ex

m
pted

2)evonJl:
,

the

Honourable
yet feen
3

Hugh
ftiall

Stafford, the Stire
therefore

which
in

have not

I

omit

their Defcriptions,

and
it

lieu^thereof give

the following

Account of thofe
4

Fruits, as I received

from that worthy

Gentleman.

4

\
,.:.(

wt»

i

1
'-T

i
H

Curious
•

\

li

Curious
Of
the

moft

ValuabJ e

/)

E/^0 N HIRE.

«

7

INCE
(and

you have

fcen the

Royal Wilding Apple
is

itfelf.

(y/^r^
fo

LXXVn.) which
very defervedly)
firft

fo very

much

celebrated

County, the Hiftory
is

of

be in

taken Notice of, which
perhaps

frefh

every Body's
ceptable to

Memory, may not

be unac-

you

The
is

n

and only Tree
tall,

om

which the Apple was
I

firft

propagated,
:

a very
in

fair,

and ftout one,
Quillet (as

believe about twenty Feet high
call it)

It ftands

a very

little

we

of Gardening, adjoining to the Road.
(the Poft

that

adeth from

Exeter to Oakhampton^

Way)

in the Parifli
:

of

St.

Thomas^ but
a Mile

near the Borders of another Parifli called Whttjione

A

Walk of

from Exeter
Sight of

will furnifii

any one,

who

hath fuch a Curiofity, with a

^

it.

IT

-^

I

-•

t

136

MON
IT

I

A

:

Or,

appears to be properly a Wildings that

is,

a

Tree

rais'd

from the
"\

Kernel of fome other Apple, without having been ever Grafted^ and

(what feems well worthy being obferv'd) hath,
there

in all probability,

flood

much more than
\
•.

feventy Years

5

for

two

antient Perfbns of the

neighbouring
fince,

Parifli

of Whitjlone^

aged upward of the

who died each of thtm feveral Tern C Number of Years now mentioned, declared,
firft

That when they were Boys, and
growing
then as
that
there at that time,

went
is

the

Road,

it

was not only

but,

what

very well worth Notice, was

tall

and flout

as

it

now

appears, (and
1

we may
1 3

rcafonably fuppofe
5

was when they were each about
at this time
f**?=r*

2 or

Years of Age)
it,

nor d
took

there appear
notice,:
f

any Marks of 2)ecay upon

as far as I

\

IT

is

a very conjlant and plentiful BcsiKr every other Year, and then

ufually produceth Apples

enow

to

make one of our
5

Hogflieads of

Cyder, which contains 64 Wine
of
its

Ga.I,lons

and

this

was one Occafion
I

being

fi.xft

taken Notice
:

ofj

and
little

yields

an Hiftory which
to

believe

other Tree ever did

For the

Cot Houfe

which
it

it

bel on PS,

together with the littk Quillet (as aforefaid) in which
feveral Years
alone, in a

flands, bein

fincc

moirfg/jge3

for ccir~Pdnhv3s, the Viuk

of

this

Tree
its

v

Courfe of ibme Years, freed the Houfe and Garden and more valuable Self from that Burden which is wont to involve all
Eftates in

other

one

common

Ruin.

\
Mr. FRANCIS
I

Gentleman of the Neighbourhood and y^"^y miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now men
(a

OLIVER
firft

tipn d)

was one of the

Perfons about Exeter that affeded the

Rough

Cyder, and for that Reafon purchafcd the Fruit of.this Tree every bearing Year: However, I cannot learn that he ever made

kfeparatemd

apart,

with other Apples, which notwithflanding added an Jd*mntage to his Cyder, with all thole who had any true Relifli
but
for that

wixd it

Liq
*-

WHETHER
fay, that

it

was thk or

2.ay other

Uotws,

I

cdnnot particularly

brought qn the more happy Experiment on this Apple. the Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (Redor of Whitjioney the

But
Parifh

before mention'd)

who

ufed to amufe himfelf with a

Nmfery, put on

fome

i

f,

n
^'

•

.

The
fome Heads of
JSIiirfery^

Fruit-Garden
WtUlng
5

lUuftrated.

»37
'

this

and a few Years

after

being out in his

about March^ a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs,
it

an4

finding fomething roll under his Foot, took
iMxs precious

up, and

it

proved an

jlpph of
finding
it

Frmt, which
it

IVIr.

Woolcomhe receiving rrom nim^

perfectly yo«» J, after

had

lain in the

long Grafs and Srro)le

"lA

o

the Nurfcry, thro* all

the Rahty Fvop^ and Sno'w of the foregoin
Fruit of

Winter >

thought

it
it,

muft be a

more than common Value
in a

:

And
the

having tafted

and found the Juices^ not only

mod

er fea:

Somidnefs and
J

^kknefs^ but

fuch likewife as fecm*d to promife both
that wife Cyder-Drinkers in ^efvon
fellen,

Body Roughnefs, and Flavour
begin to defire
3

now

he obferved the Graft from which k had
all

and fearching about found /bme more of the Apples, and
fame Soimdnefs
raft
5

of the
to

upon which
>

wi t houc any Hefitacion^ he
i

refolv'd

fome Numbers of them

ited which he accordingly did, but wai

with Impatience for the Experiment, which
Courfi e o
his firft

you know mu

be the

fome Years

:

They came
which

at length, and.
5

miftake not >

Reward was

a fmall Barrel
it,

of the Juice
exceeded

but his

much

greater

was the Excellency of
M

fat

all his

Expedatioiis,

Mr.
f "it
i

WOOLCOMBF
s 5

was nor a
it_cr

little

rleafed wlrh

it,

and talked

mu/emsMi^^ fifft, but when Time
it

of Hogfhead an produced

it,

from Raillery

came

to Serionfnefs,

and

Laughter from one every
thought of a iJame

fell

to Admiration.

In the
it

mean time he had
to be in the

for his Britifi

Wine^ and as

a ppe ar

of the Name Wilding retained he Grafted, not Fruit > original Tree a of gave a Title he Sove fo others, all to fuperior as he thought it

and

raignty

to

It

and

hence

the

triumphant

Royal JVilding, Fig.

I.

^late LXXVII.

THIS,
it

if I rightly

remember, was ab

6 Years

fince

:

The Gen we have
:

are County our of tlemen

now

promoting in where every almoft bufy
have

but Juftment-Holder and Farmers and fome of the wifer Sale for enough that) do muft Time you know
yet (for
five

I

known

Guineas

refiifed

of Hogfteads our for one of
Shillings,

>

tho' the

common

Cyder goeth for

Twenty

and the

South-Ham from

Thirty. to Twenty-five

N

fl

MUST

128

MON
MUST
Hoard
5

Or7

add, that

Mr. WooJcombe hath

referved

fome of them
r

for

I

have

tafted the Tarts
I

of them, and they come nearer to the

^ince

than any other Tart

ever eat of.

F

WHERE-EVER
South'Ham
to

it

hath been tried as yet, the Juices are

er fealy

good^ (but letter in fome Soils than others) and
will condefcend

when

the Gentlemen of

to give them a Place in their Orchards,
this

they will undoubtedly exceed us in

Liquor, becaufe

we muft

yield

them

in

the

Apple
in their

Soil

:

But

it is

happy

for us that at prefent

they

are fo wrapt

up

own

Sufficiency^ that
5

they do not entertain any
fliall,
it

Thoughts of

fetching Apples firom us

and when they

muft be

another twenty Years before they can

do any thing
I

to Purpofe, the'

fome of

their
_

more thinking Gentlemen
m
f

them tranfported
and
well

thither,

(by Night

am you may
their

told begin to get

fome of
J

fuppofe, partly for

Shame,
I

partly for Fear
aflfured,

of being mobbed by
rejoice in the

Neighbours) and will,

am

much

Produdion.

AM
am
%

perfonally acquainted

with Mr. WooJcomhy and
(zs

if

I

may be
here re

it is

lated) I can promife

you

I Tiavc the Suhjlance

fiom

his

own Mouth, and

perfedly
I

Cyder, that

with a Perfualion of the Excellency of the doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when
offefled

Gentlemen
tners
fliall

fhall

have furnifh'd themfelves with the
fallen in
it 5

Fruit,

and
-

the Far-

have

with

it

alfo,
"

this

County will be
tho

rendered abun-

dantly happy in

and

therefore I could really wifli, that
It

whenever the
felf the Fruit

Original Tree decaycth,
will never

c'Der fliall
,

I affure

my

be out of Ufe)

his Statue

(carved out of the^Stump, but

by

the

Hand
Road

,

and overlaid with Gold)
it,

may

be ereded near the
the

publick

in the Place of

at the

comnion Charge of

County

of

S

e'Don.
^x
V

WHAT other
fay, becaufe

Fruits there

may be

in

Nature^ neither you nor
the Kernels of

can
7

you well know whenever we fow

any Appl

we

have always Varieties of

new and unknown Apples produced
y

but
all

I will

affirm I never tafted

Cyder equal

y

(not

the

genuine ffer^/ar^ I ever drank) thatof

thWbitfom {FigMl^PlateLXXVll)
on
1

The

Frui t-G ar DEN
hereafter)

lUuJirated.

139

only excepted, (of which
betwixt

and

as

yet the Controverfy

That and

the

Royal Wilding continues undctermin'd

THE
in

Colour of the Royal Wtld'mg^ without any Affiftance of Jrt
bright Tellowifi rather than a Redifh Beertjh

any Kind

Tind
All the

The

other Quahties are a JSlobk Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Tielicaie

(excufe the Expreffion)

Roughnefs^ and a
in

fine

Vmous Flavour

:

other Qualities

you may meet with
laft
is

fome of
to
e

the bell of our South'

Ham Cyd

but the

pecul

Royal Wilding an

Whitfour only, and you will in vain look

for it in

any oth

BEFORE
know,
that
it is

I

yet leave

Royal Wildings
lc(s

I

muft

furth

let

you

fometimes called (tho' no

injurioujly than unaccuvately)

the Red'Hill'Crahy from the

Name
J

of that Part of the Highway near
called

which the

original

Tree ftand

which

Red-Hill

THIS Name
it is

is

injurious,

becaufe Crah (as yet)
if

is

ufed

among
it

us

iii

a Senfe of 2)iminutiony at
plain there
is

leaft,

not of Reproach

5

or was

not

fo,

nothing in that
^

Name

which

fuggefts the fuperlative
carrieth
^f^

Excellency of the riuit
Its

whereas the Title of 'Rnynl tF^/i/^x
it

dcfervedly

hath to

all

other Cyder-Fruit yet difcoverU

AND
for

this

other

Name,

as I faid,

is

alfo

maccurate, becaufe

I

rathet

them
know,
(as

bef(

an Jpple than a Crah ( of which, however, fince you have For you > your felf may judge) muft furthe r you

that tho'
call the

we

frequently take the

Word Jppk

for the

whole Kind y
as Horfes^

we

whole Kind Horfes, including

as well

Mares

more
e

ftridtly fpeaking) yet

when we

Ipeak

more exaRly, we underftand

Word Apph
is

in Oppofitxon

and Conir aiiBion to the Cral, which moft
Fruit,

commonly
however,

a very fmallj harjh, yellow
tho' they

and

ordinarily

groweth
Trees
^

in our Hedge-Rows,
I

make very
this <very

large

and very

lafting

have feen one Sort of
5

fmall barjh Fruit
there
is

finely ftreak'd

with red Outfide

and

in

my
is

Neighbourhood

one Tree o
f

which them, of Kind another
the only one of the Kind
I

red both Infide and Outfid

and

It

IS

ever

&w

or heard

o£

WHILST

t

/

140

O
WHIST
was
I have thus

M

N
to

Or

7

•

had occafion

mention the Crah^

it

not be.improp

rm you

that the Excellence of

em

for

may Cyd

commonly

know n
and

within thefe late Years

They were formerly
would
elfe

fufFer'd to fall

he eaten hy the

Hogs, when they
or

eat

them, (which was not always^ becaufe of
:

their Harfhnefs)

to rot upon the Ground
fell at

But they are

now

fo well underftood, that

they

a

much

greater Value than the

common Apples, and we begin

propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho'^ in
they
Fruit,

my Op

y

do much
than

Cyd y when mix'd with other when pounded by themfehes. The firft Difcovery of their
better as

an Ingrediejjt

Ufefulnefs
tailed J

was

the

pounding of fome of them
better

for Vinegary

which.

when

proved

much

Cyder than any of the common Cyder of

Country

HOWEVER,
larger than the

there

is

a

much

fmaller Sort
y

of Crab with

us,

not
7

Top

of

Th um

(and I think never making a Jv
never put

but growing only in Bujhes) which

we

Cyder, but ufe
^

them only

to

make Vinegar.
It

YOUwi
this Place,
firft faid

y

may

bey think
all

k improper

if I take Notice to
IS

you
J

that

Cyder made

of any Sort of Wildings^ (that
grafted

as

of Apples propagated from Kernels, and

upon

with any Sort of Fruity tho' you
pleafe)

may

found to be excellently

them on what Stocks you good, and much preferable to that
graft
is

made with our common Appl
him with admirable Liquor
dijl i nguijlo

There

a Gentleman in the

Neigh
which

bourhood of Exeter^ who hath now
furniOi
5

large Plantations

of them

but the beft of it wants the delicate

d moft
did
I

d

meet

Flavour of the Royal Wilding and Whitfour-y nor any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex

one Sort of Wilding of my by^and-by.
cept in
^

om,

of which

^

I jflhall

fay fomething

*

r

HAVE
thefe

only to add concerning the Royal Wilding, that with twelve or fourteen Years believe more than 200,000 of the

Grafts have been propagated

This

l>}eighloimng Counties
fince,

3
r

and.

if

I

miftake

y

heard about
3

two Years

fome of them
fay if they

were

fent for

from rorkjh

d what would you

ould

be

The
be tranfplanted
pYohabk
as

Fruit-Garden
to the

lUnfirated.

I4.£

Rhhiey

w liich
5

how
for a

IS

not a Itog
carrii

tm

you

are apt to innagine

Gentleman who
I

d

f( #«

of the Whitfour with him into Germanyy (and^ as
fay which of the

have before
that

faid >

two

exceeds) aflured

me,

when he had

much
it,

celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German,

whofe Expecla
tafted

of

this

extraordinary Liquor were

much
It

raifed

when he had

cried out.

He found
much
as
It

nothhig in

it^

for

^as

only like their Rhenifh.

AND
know
as

thus

for

the
felf

RoyaJ Wilding

am now

let

you
>

much
}

my
as

do of

its

only Rival

the Whitfo

Whitefo

fpell
lefs

you

pleafe)

of which, however^ you

will find
I

have much
at
it,

to lay^ than

on the other beloved Siibjed^ becaufe

am

fome Diflance from
and becaufe
it

that Part of our

County which

chiefly produceth

ftemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with

many

of the Things

I

have before told you of the Royal Wilding,
t-f

THIS
tnxjo

is

fmall yellow Apple, which

fall

very ioo
is

Th
w
you)
they
:

or (as others fay) three Sorts of them_, but the beft

call the
is

Tancrafs Whitfour^ (tho*
3

why
XKT

fo called
in

I

cannot

tell

the fmalleft

there

were fome of them

my
3

many

Years iince,

4inJLJL4tri o\i2

Neighbourhood a g might have been dif
they are the genume

ome

other Part of

County

the County called the South-Ham, (bounded by Part of that of Produce

and are not yet Dart^ and Teing Rivers the
of our County,
tho'

common

in the other Parts
faft as

we now

begin to promote them as

we think

we

enow^* Wildings Royal got have
V,

A

S

far as 1 c^n learn they

have bee n Ion

in the

South-Ham, but

Years in ten fo bad or Reputation, eight that the thefe within until

Cyder of them

fold for one halfSie
that

Value

lefs

than the other Cyder, as

of Gentleman a

Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder-

told me. Parts) thofe of Knowledge

THE

^alities of the Juices are

precifely the

fame with thofe of the
that, as

Royal Wilding 5

and

very near one to the other^

hav e

perfed Rivals, are they fuggefted, before often
Conteft, as
is

and created fuch a

hich of and w uncommon, very

was an Ear-Witnefs.
for

A

Cyders, whofe Whitfour South-Ham Gentleman of the

^ the Year

9

O

o

w^ere

f

14.2

O
were very celebrated,
Clarets
(for

M

O

N
in

Or,

our Cyder Vintages,

like

thofe

of the
*

and TortSy

are very different

different Tears)

and had been

drank of by another Gentleman,
conteftcd

who was

a happy Pofleffoi

and

\

Lord,

facile 'Princeps^

of the Royal Wi /dingy met at theHoufe
after the

of the

latter

Gentl eman, a Year or two
fure

fam'd Royal Wildi

you may be
had been

was produced,

as the beft
:

Return for the Whitfour that

taflied at the

other Gentleman's

And what was
ufual
that
'}

e

Conteft
e

?

Each Gentlem

did

not contend > as

IS

his

was

Beji

Cyder

>

but fuch was the jEquilihium of the

J

fuch the
in

Ge
/

nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer
that each affirmed his

Gentlemen we have not
5

our County)

own was

the worft

the
-

Gentleman of the South'

Ham

declared in

Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of
In the

Parts declared for the Whitfour,

mean

time, the
d-ecide

Company
Contro
Whitfo

(which was publick and very numerous) could not
y

the
e

becaufe (being Gentlemen of the
prefent to fpeai, fc
itfelf

ftrideft Juftice)

was not then
of the

But

thofe

who had

tailed each
their

m

as far as they

could judge from the Reprefentations of
\
n

Memories, remained under a perfed Indetermination

THE Manner
tufb^
and
thofe
is

in

which the Whitfour came tojhew
the boldeft Rougbnefs,
all

itfelf
H:

Its

true

Cyders
I

which hav
the

(and

for

any thing

know

the Cafe

fame with

AppI

Juices)

grow harder

the longer they

are permitted to fland

on

the Grofs

and therefore the fooner they
are foftned

are taken off

from them^ the more they

we

therefore chuf^

to rack

them from

the fouler or thicker Lyes^ as foon

we

perceive

they are feparated in

fome

tolerable
is

Manner, which (according' to the
ordinarily in

or

more

diflurbed Weather)
foft

two, three

four

Day
will

and the more

you would have your
four

Cyd

the

more

frequently
w

you rack
it

it

to three

Times only 5

the weaker

Cyd

not bear

above twice

BYth Method
o Repi
z I

>

and

can learn, the Whitfour was have within thefe ten Day tafted
far as I

firft

brought

of that

Cyd

(brought from the South-Bams)

7

made

this

twelve

Month s,

bottled lafl

Summer, and perfedly^^^^ which was as fweet and mellow as tho' it had come that Morning from the Pound and under all that Honey^ it had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which is the Glory of our Cyder :
only
«

m

The

Fru

I

Ga H DE N

m

lUuJlrated.

143

only wife People would be more fparing in

that firft Racking, that they

may

thereby deftroy that Lafctvioufnefs which
is

may be

acceptable to a

Female or a LoiidoneVy but
Saxon.

ever ofFcnfive to a

hid and

generous Weft"

WHAT
of
late Years
:

I

have

now

faid

of Racking the Whit four holds good of
the
-I

all

the other letter Cyders likewife, an

Reafon of the Adva
it

South' Ham Cydi

that

Reputation which

hath gotten of
be) prove un

A

fliort

Account of which will

may

acceptable.

THE
have

Claret in which our truly Loyal

Gen

ever drank

Church and King^ was ftopp'd from France by was imoo ffibl e they
it

Revoli
i

live

without

D
>

d

as impoffibl

in

fair

Bourdeaux

Way (any other you know They had endured an half Fi
their

they always fcorn'd) from
(that

of Drink) an

Magifter Artis Ingeniique Largltor Fenter^ they applied thcmfelvcs to
improve the Produce of
the happy
Fruits
^'
_

own

Fruit.

This o£frequent Racking was
.vhich they

and

fuccefsful

Thought >

found
a
free

their rougher

much mended,

that I ma!ce no doubt

Trade with

-jC'i

ij*

r.

France^z.^ naw~aa

Import of tbe fmaller Clarets Royal
ordinarily

w ould
may

become may and Whitfour
feel the Effefts

venddk, Bourdeaux

itfelf

of

it.

WHILST
hard many

I

am

fpeaking to you of Raclhig,

I

muft not omit to
his

fay.

in Perfon a that

my

Neighbourhood,

who had
it
itj

the Whitfc
Fruits,

Or

Years^ (tho' either

by mixing
That

with other

or for

want o
Ifing
its

the talent

of proclaiming

he never
unlefs

tributed
it

toward s
carefully.

Reputation) hath told me,

you watch
>

and
very
this

take

its firft

Sep
m

from
difficult
ill

grofler

Ly

(which WJ 11 be
it fine

m

a

few Days)
tho' whether
I

Matter ever to get

after

And
(and

no be would perhaps
this
3

Rule to be obferv'd
his

in

all

the ftronger
9

Cyd
found

was

Cafe in a Jingle Year

fuch Cafes

know
I

are frequently to be

met with) or whether he

alivay

it fo,

do not remember

that I enquired of him.

WHAT

:

4

H

144

M
WHAT I have now
drawing
it

ON A

Or,

[aid

o£ Racking, (which, properly fpeaking,
be as welL

is

from one

cloje

Cask to another) may perhap
I

if

not better, pradis'd (and
tleme

know

it

to be the Pradice of

many Gen
contain
(that
y

by

getting a

\

ery larg e

Fat

K

J

which wi
call
it,

whole Pounding of Cyder, and the ^ummke^ as we
the grojfer
1

^arts of the VuJpoi the Apples, which
thro' a
rife
3

will, tho
flhall

rain ft
in
w

d

at the

Pound

Range, mix with the Juice) you

n
at

le(i s

than a

Day

to

at the

Top, and

in a

Day

or

two more

moft, to
it^
it

grow very

thick

and

as foon as

little

white Fermentations break thro"
prefently

(about the Largenefs of the
off under at a Foflet-Hole
3

Top of your Finger) they
\{

draw
a

you

fuifer

k

to continue Ion

the

Heady which
and

is

then become a thick Cruji^ will fink

away at
letting

the

Bottom >

this ferves inftead
lefs

of ^zjirft Racking

But
\

your

continue longer or

Time on
your
a

thefe

Lyes

in

the clofe Casks,
likewife

Cyd you may
frequent

harden or foften
after

it

at

Pleafure, as

you

may by
is

Rackings
is

3

but

this is

Method which

the weaker Cyders will not
at

endure^ (as

before faid) one or

two Rackings

moft

all

they can

bear. they have not

Body and Sp

gh to undergo any more fuch

Expence s yis that Operation doth una\ho^idahly
*..(

THERE

is

one Thing not yet taken Notice of in
Jge^ and the

thcjfc

Cyd
is

7

which concerns

their

Time of

their continuing good,

The
that
I

moft frequent Commendation you meet with of other Cyders
they will keep three, four, or (rather than fail) feven Years
•

but

muft

own

I

never yet tafted any Cyder^ but what was
:

lejl^

and

in thz greatefl

^erfe^ion, the frji Year

have indeed heard of Cyd Cyder (and parti particularly fome CrahCyder) which is not drinlalJe the Jirjt Year, but mellows and groweth excellent the fecond or third 5 but I never had
I

the

J

Pleafure of

making

the Experiment

5

however,

(unlefs

there

be fome

fuch ilUnaturd Cyders as are a NoJi

me tangere

the

firft

Years) I will

venture to fay the

any other

5

tho' I

RoyaJ Wilding and Whitjbur will keep good as long as muft repeat it, they are never as good in any of die
firft,.

following Years as they are the

'^

LET
^

t

t

dB3>

The

FRUiT-GARbEN
I
1

IHuftrated.

45

LET
tliat I

t

me,

to

dole

Account of

thefc

Liquors, afTure yoii >
>

have heard them authoritativeh

tied the 2)evoJiJIjfre Stire

liave feen

Bourdemix and
>

:n

Btivgundy ftand melancholy and
*

^gleffed
L

before

them

an

ha\

hedrd White tflm called for to

thoIc
1

Cyders.

AND
Meadeate
r

fo

much

for

Royal Wilding znAWhitfour,
(as

You
:

dc fired

bfe

r

alfo informed

of the Mediate^ or

our

common
fent
)
tell

Peopl
>
T

pronounce
I
L

Th e
Size
faid

Appl e

I

tfelf

hath bee
nly
it

d therefore
r

nothin
alfo

o

>

&.

I

muft
is

you (which

I

fliould

have

of the Whitfour) that

a very conftant

pknuftil
\

Bearer every other Year, and.maketh a vcryhandfome (tho' no exceeding
large) Tree,

nor

(if I miftake not)

is ic
'^^

as liable
'

to

Blights as
%

mo

other Trees are;
I
"

f
1.

f'

*

>

^

THE Juices of
Colour
i

it

have
of,

all

the

Body and Roughnefs of
to

the

two

other

i

Cyders before fpoken
J

and make good Advances

the

fame Golden
Flavour

but, alas

!

want the perfe6ling and

dijl'tnguljloing
is it

thofe Unparallerds
]

:

Nor when made by
filch

itfelf

ever (or very rar

ever,

andthat furelvnot without
runk up.

Art

as I

could

never yet

e

a

Maftcr

fomc Cyder
this Sort,

which Prefent, w^s for a faid to Be Jll of Gentleman a to fent
beft the Royal with Wildtiig or vie Whitfour might which and
I
j

but had

been

to talk with

the

Maker

himfelf,

I

imagine
:

I
is

fliould
I

have found

Fruit with other of Mixture a there was
its l>loble

it

This
it is

fure,-

that

by Means

Body and
J

excellent Roughnefs^

a moft vakahle Apple,

in Cyde'i*, tngredtent excellent an and becomes Nature. quicker and brisker a with Fruit of

efpecially difcreetly forted

i

T
5

is

commonly

faid to

have

its

Name

from a

Meadow
call

Gate^

ft

ear

which
/

(the Plarit original the

happy Parent of -this laudahk Apple)

firft

flood

for
(I

in the

ar

Dialed of our Country,- we
to

a Afead
laft

Miead
the
-;--

know
d by

not

how

convey

to

yOu the true Sound of that
call a

Spelling)

the fame

Way

of fpeaking

Gate a Teate
9

Lawyers

gin)en) for yeon:)en write

d thefe Words put togeth

common Pronunc

will afford Meadyaie^

wnic

IS

eafily

a (Tea

mo

*r-

0m

#

11^6

O
into Meadeatey

M

O N A:
1

Or,

and

that as eafily

into

(what the letter Sort
e

ufi

i

pronounce
tatiofi

Mideate, tho* wheth
Facility

Faa
only

or

nly the Invi"
this

and
I

of the Etymology ^ that gave occafi

Account

f

it.

take

upon me to

affirm

?

am
)r
*tis

more inclind

think the latter^ becaufe I never hear the Farmer^ or Ejlate^ or Varijh

or even the Part of the South-Hams mention 'd,
L

laid to

be

ori-

ginally

of

that

Country) where
it

this

Tree, or this Gate, or this
3

Meadow
we
can

was,

-or

how

long fince

begun to be propagated

all

which

point out of the Royal Wilding, as

you have

before feen

THE
wete but
f%

Apple hath been long known

5

it

is

common

in the
r

Orchards
late there

of feveral Farmers,
io.'^

of more Gentlemen) tho' until of
that

of thofe Farmers

kt any

great Value

on them

THESE
/

are

the three Sorts

of Aptlt

y

County, which do

yet carry the greatefl: Reputation for Cyder.

You
fince

defire

of

me

further

an Account of Ibme

of my own, which yielded a Liquor that
5

was talked of every where, about three Years
fliall

and in

that alfo I

deavour to gratify you.

They were
when

the
fit

Produce of fome

Kernels of the Red-Jlreak Apples, which,
fet

to be tranfplanted,

round two of the Fields near

my

withoor^evwr OfTJpTfig rhem
the

Houfe, (fince turned into Orchards) icy oTxiitm Cwhcther cramp'd
eally fey)

djoining Hedges or not, I cannot
the Fruit of

make but a fmall

Tree

them

is

various, moftly

fmall, (as all Wildings y

tifually are, but
IS

^fmaller
mean

the
us)

Apple

in

Reafon, the letter the
/fr^^^jy with

Cyd

a

coriftant

Rule among
(I

and generally

Red and

many of them

the Produce of feveral

of the Trees^ ) not very

much

from the Kernels of the felf-fam Apples, > you fcnow •we have always very different Sorts of Fruit
unltk
for
r

BESIDES
thcfe

fome
5

other T>iffi

of

lefs

Note to be obferv'd
^the

m

Wildings

the Fruit (^

fome few of

Trees

is

confiderabl

hrg

than that
is

Wildings
others
\

of the Generality of the others (which like moft fmall) and fome of them 'are more ftreak'd with Red than

:i

I

HAD

'm

The

Fr

I

T

Ga RD IN

Illufirated.

47

HAD
until the

no Opportunity of making a Trial of

tlicm

ty

thcmfelves,
a

memorable Year 1724. and then they
the Liquor
5

afforded
Fified^

mc

whole

^ipe of
to

which,

when Racked and

about Fehrumy^

my

no fmall Pleafure

plainly, in the Opinion, arid to the Adniiration

every one as well as

my

felf,

ravifh'd the
Ttties

Palm fiom

the

Royal

Wildi tng

had every one o

the

of that Cydet, and fbmc
*

of them to greater and manifejl Degrees of Excellency
it

the Flavour of
therefor^ to

in particular

was finer and more
for this

delicate,
5

A
it
t

Name was
was well

be thought of
.

young Fondling

and

(as

you

will

fee prefently)

this

Care was taken

at that

Time

A Gentleman

confulted

on

the important Occafion

(was well acquainted with Mr. Woolcomhe be-

him rallied Converfatlon, promote to Times, fore-mention'd) had many
,

on

the

Subjed of

his nevf

Difcovery of the Royal Wildi?jgy (of which,
refolv'd to exceed

however, he was a great Admirer) and was now
in the

him

Name

of this very Apple, and to leave

no

Room
:

for

him to go

minde be he fliould or higher, fliould he find out any other Apple,
to alter and raife the Appellation

of the

Royal Wilding
5

And
Roonl

for

this

Purpofe
for

firft

thought of Imperial Wilding

biit firiding

yet left
1

Wilding of Ccehpal think proceeded to he Mr, Woolcomhe,

and

"becaufe he thought there might

be

yet an

Ope
his

left

for

Mr. Woolcomhe to

exceJd thatz^i^

at:

m^T/atci^^XY llh and
as

there reftedTecure,

Mr. Trior did

in

own

Pedigree from

Jdam

and Eve.
4

*

4

higher. go Naflau or Bourbon Let

"'NOR

are

you

to

be

furpriz'd if

you think

this

Title

(kt

it

toV^

the celebrated

Ne5lar which was
:

in

thofe upper Regions formerly drank
if the

themfelves <;ods the

for befide that,

Truth was known,

I

am

fatisfied
:

drank ever them none of
thefe confider to are

of fuch Liq

m

their

Lives

You
make
of

were Heathen Gods, and theFeforc we;
a

did not
'r.

the lead Scrupl

them.

This yoU may believe
in Allufion to the

/
*.

created

Smile

Gentleman^ another fterwatd but a
is

Name
^nd

my

Houfe, (which

Tynes) and to
is

the

common

Story of the

which Jpple, 9yne ^hdia Wefifliould

faid to

be the>i^/

Fruit in the World,
is

fine other every reprefent
it

and cxqui

Flavour that

k

3

detcrmin'd

be

called the

Tyne Appl

by

eith

of thefe Names

n

_

^

#

-f

148
Names

I

'

O
it is

M

N
3

#
t

Or

9

indifferently

talked of.

Ion

ince dra n

out 5

hath any other bountiful Year as
Pleafantry

yeif

yielded fuclr a Supply)

when

and Converfation bring the Remembrance of it on the Table
fhall again
.

which will ever be done until fome happy Seafon
of the Liquor
r
H'

bring more

it

felf
?

there.

^

**
«ir

/

^

,^

HAD
fummon'd
and
his

alnioft omitted to tell you, that

Mr. WooUomle himfelf was
it,

to the Conteft betwixt this upjlart Wildings as he thought one.

own Royal
and

The

Suprize (and even almoft Silence) with
it
>

which he was
one
prefent,
it

feized at firft tailing

was

plainly perceiv'd
:

every

occafion'd

no fmall Diverfion

He

did not roundly

pronounce

better thanl the

Roy a J Wildings but he

fpent a great deal
it

of

his

Cyder Knowledge, in fhewing the Reafons
this: CoUe6fio77

why

might well be

expected that the Juices of
ferable

of Wildings, fhould be prefo ^r^^t
is

to that
:

made from any ^^^^/^ Wilding,
was
all that

the Force of
e:^-»

Truth
^^<5?^^

And,

this

was

injijted

on (and more^ than was
to

from him)

at that

Time/

as well

in ^ regard

the Allowances

there

ought to be made to the Piety o( being Fond and Tender of one's
as to
his

own Progeny,

real Merit in having difcover'd and
excellent
1

promoted

that other admirahJe

and molt
J

Apple.
flMH

^

.

-

',

'^--g

"r

m n(h n r:^^huncmYxrc€faaTrpm
let

rhefe

Triumphs

of

my own
:

Wilding, and

you know ,why
it

I faid

it

was happy that
its

the Ccelejiial Title

was

affigned to

in the

junliure of
l

being in the

Cask
it,

for after

it

was Bottledj and

the

Advance of

the Year .had rais'd

the

Juices appeared

thinner than thofe of the Royal Wilding.

partook too

much

of the RarefaSiion of thofe Superior Regions from
gotteft
its

whence
excellent

it

had luckily before

Name

:

It

continued indeed fvery
if

and admirahle Cyder,

but was too Irisk, or rather,
all
its

you
and

will, frisking,

whilft the Royal Wilding preferv'd
j

Native Majejly
in

and

Solejmiity

and from

that

Time was

re-eftabhfh'd

the full

peaceable VoSzSioti of the Throne^ to the

no fmall Comfort of Mr.

Woolcomhe.

*
.
ijh

^

fl'

1'

p

*

YOU will
this

)

your

felf

take

N

?

that the

Cyder from my Wildings
IS

be promoted

as the

Royal Wilding hath been, becaufe
5

latte

being but a fingle Apple, became eafily propagated

whereas to

make
had.
I

Cyder of mine, one Graft from each Tree

in the Collection

muft be

\

€^

The
J

Fru IT-G ard
:

f

e

n

ISuftrated,

149
fi4c7j

had, and put on

Whether any one of
(that
it

tliefe

^figly

would make

Cyd
Ik

I
I

much
fay

would make very good I do not doubt) whether among them there may be ojje or more, which
(jueftion^

tried Jeparately,

might afford a
I

nice

equal (or fupertor) to

of
e%

any other Apple
a6ily as to find

hitherto k

have not yet examind them

any Reafon
I

for fingling out

any of them to make fuch

Experiment
difcover the
\

had.

ou know

it

muft be a long Courfc of Years

Event

m
out two Orchards with Wildings,

HAVE

lately planted

torn

Kernels (or Tips as

we

call

th^) of
that

the

Royal Wilding, but the Trees

are fo very fmall, that
ail

they have not yet afforded
Fruit

me

Opportunity for
hitherto fiiewn J

Experiment
to
a

Th
a
will,

any of tbem have
for Expectation,

eems

good Found
for

Wildings of one
chiefly

Sort or another,

future^

be

I

bel

ted

among

?

an

would Gentlemen fow
fee

the Kernels

of the Red-Jireak

m

particul ar, as I did
like

not

why

they might

not reafonably pro-

mife themfelves the
<*

^il^cefs

would they now and then give
of
their WildingSy
for excellent

themfelves the Trouble to promote any
th(^j[gy?gjeemeth to bid
fa

that to

d others of them
gpV.< fn igh t:^e~~n lacjg

Cyd

>

know

not

who

can

monay an Offspring that
or Whitfo
themfel
>

may may equal,
4

or even
Sorts

J

e

Royal Wilding
that

fin

the

of new Appl

are to

be

raifed

from Kernels,

are, as I before fuggefled,

plainly Numherlefs

To
muft
in

make
the

this
laft

Account o
Place

our

Cyd
fix

as

compl
Sort,

as

can >

mention to you mother
us

which hath not
:

been heard of

among
7

more than
3

or feven Years
as far as
:

The Name
can learn >
is

of
hiJI:

Cockag

Cackag
I, as

the

Word >

which

well as you,
the

am no
I

Critick)

The
in

Fruit

orl

ginally ftom Ireland, and

Cyder much valued

that

Country
it

About
firjl

fixt<

eighteen Years fin

am

rightly informed)

was

broug

over>

and promoted about Minehead
that

in Somerfetjlj
it

Some Gentlemen of
five, fix,

County have got enough of

new

to

make
ght

or
fro

ight

Hogflieads a Year of the

Cyd
told

3

and fuch as have

to

m

the

own

Tables,

fell,

I

am

from four to

Pounds an Hogihead

<iS
\

GEN

y

*^

150

P

O M O N
;

A,

d-c.

F

'•

\

GENTLEMAN

favour

d me
I

fo

to bring

feme of the
«*
*

Apples from IreJandy but by the time

had an Opportunity of feeing
'

them, they were

fb decay'd, that I

cannot defcribe them to you
rath

The
Wine)
feveral

Cyde

the Colour of Sherry^
clear
:

of French Whit

and every whit ^s^ne and
Orchards of Somerfetjh
^

I

have

tafted

of

it

from two

an

the Gentlemen

juft

now
and

mentioned
r

-r

brought fome of the Cyder^ as well as the Apples^ from
hath a mo|e vinous Tafte than any Cyder I ever drank
3

land
as the

Sight

might deceive a

curious

Eye
e

for

Wine:

fo I believe the Tafte

an incurious Palate for
fpirituous^

i

uor.

feemeth

alfc

might p be very
but

and would

believe, if experimentedy foon

intoxicate y

wanting the generous Roughnefsy and even thtjine and delicate Flavour
(notwithftanding
its

mnous Relifh)
j

as

alfo the full
3

Body of our Royal
that
/

Wilding knd JVhitfour
reater
—
-

it

is,

in

my Op

(and
'
_

of

r

the

Part of thofe Gentlemen I have ever talked with)
;

many
Icfs
-^
'I

Degrees

iferior to thofe

Cyders of our County, and particularly
lefs

?ptahle to the Valatey

and

grateful

t^he
/

Stomach

HAVE
'#

lately

put on fome Grafts of them, but not enough
^

ha

ey yct-Ti me- enough) to enable
me.
I

they will
fet

make with
I affure

may

perhaps another Year

on more of them, but
talked of* not

you

for Curioftty only,
I

and becaufe

the Cyd<

for

any other Ufe
^

ever intend to

make of them.
*

/ am
\
i»

£

Pynesy

Novemht
.

10, 1727
11

i

Tour moft ohliged Frieyidy

.

\

.;.*'

^^

and humlle Servant.
9

^

^.

^
•"

• t

M
^

^.

HUGH STAFFORD.
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